D7.6: Smart Hybrid Grids Technology Road-Mapping

HYPERGRYD. This p ojec has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 esea ch and
inno a ion p og amme unde g an ag eemen No 101036656
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
WP7 – Exploi a ion and sus ainabili y
business model
Task 7.4 Bes p ac ice and oad-mapping
owa d he 5 h DHN gene a ion and Sma
Hyb id g ids
D7.6 Sma Hyb id G ids Technology
Road-Mapping
Re . A es(2025)3607516 - 05/05/2025
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping
2
DISCLAIMER
The opinion s a ed in his epo e lec s he opinion o he au ho s and no he opinion o he
Eu opean Commission.
All in ellec ual p ope y igh s a e owned by HYPERGRYD conso ium membe s and a e p o ec ed by
he applicable laws. Rep oduc ion is no au ho ised wi hou p io w i en ag eemen .
The comme cial use o any in o ma ion con ained in his documen may equi e a license om he
owne o ha in o ma ion.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This p ojec has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 esea ch and inno a ion
p og amme unde g an ag eemen Nº 101036656.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 3
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
P ojec
P ojec Ac onym
HYPERGRYD
P ojec Ti le
Hyb id coupled ne wo ks o he mal-elec ic in eg a ed Sma Ene gy Dis ic s
G an Ag eemen
numbe
101036656
Call iden i ie
H2020-LC-GD-2020
Topic iden i ie
LC-GD-2-1-2020
Inno a i e land-based and o sho e enewable ene gy echnologies and hei
in eg a ion in o he ene gy sys em
Funding Scheme
Resea ch and Inno a ion Ac ion
P ojec du a ion
42 mon hs (F om 1 Oc obe 2021)
Coo dina o
ARCbcn
Websi e
h p://hype g yd.eu
Deli e able
Deli e able No.
7.6
Deli e able i le
Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping
Desc ip ion
This ask analyses he s a egic oadmap owa d he sma dis ic deploymen ha
le e ages he 4 h and 5 h gene a ion o dis ic hea ing ne wo ks as ene gy
dis ibu ion g ids.
The pa h analysis owa d he HYPERGRYD implemen a ion in a sma dis ic is
conduc ed o iden i y he need o addi ional echnical esou ces, mul i- ec o ene gy
managemen sys ems, capi al and means o a ain scalabili y a TRL9 by licensing,
pa ne ing, join en u e and c ea ion o new en u es.
S a ing wi h a e iew o he cu en Eu opean sma dis ic con ex cha ac e ized by
Sma Hyb id G ids managemen a dis ic le el, he mos ele an applica ions o
HYPERGRYD echnologies a e s udied.
A he same ime T7.4 aligned closely wi h he T1.3 and he egula ion con ex
ou comes, o p oduce inpu s and sugges ions o an ad anced egula ion o a mo e
e icien 4 h and 5 h DHN gene a ion. The ask en ailed he ollowing ac i i ies:
• Analysis o he ele an Eu opean sma dis ic s case s udies and he DHN solu ions
whi RES in eg a ions ( e e ence o op imal scena ios o he echnology assessmen
and ansi ion o he 4 h/5 h DHN gene a ion).
• Analysis o RES pene a ion a dis ic le el, wi h e alua ion o he imp o emen
due o he HYPERGRYD pla o m.
• Iden i ica ion o he main s a egy o educ ion o isks due o he echnological
weakness and he lack o legisla ion.
• De ini ion o po en ial solu ions o lack o legisla ion o he u u e scena ios.
The esul o his analysis is he Technology and comme cializa ion oadmap o he
HYPERGRYD solu ion owa ds TRL9.ich will conside he analysis o he lis ed bulle s
WP No.
WP7
Rela ed ask
T7.4 – Bes P ac ice and oad-mapping owa d he 5 h DHN gene a ion and Sma
Hyb id g ids
Lead Bene icia y
13-R2M
Au ho (s)
Fabio Calzia, Fede ico Dona o, Ma eo Po a (RINA-C)
Con ibu o (s)
AIT, ENCO, GET, GSY, IDP, IMP, KTH, OCHS, RANO, SOR
Type
R
Dissemina ion
PU Public
Language
English – GB
Due
31/01/2025
Submission da e
14/04/2025
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 4
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Ve sion
Da e
Au ho s
Desc ip ion
V.1.0
31/03/2025
Fabio Calzia, Fede ico Dona o
– RINA-C
Ve sion o in e nal e iew ( o be
app o ed by echnical coo dina ion)
V.1.1
09/04/2025
ARCbcn, R2M, GSY, ENVIPARK
P oo eading and mino e isions
V.2.0
14/04/2025
Fabio Calzia, Fede ico Dona o
– RINA-C
Final d a
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 5
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Table o Con en s
1 Execu i e Summa y ............................................................................................... 8
2 In oduc ion .......................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Scope ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Audience ................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Abb e ia ions ............................................................................................................ 9
2.4 Con ibu ions o pa ne s ......................................................................................... 9
2.5 Rela ion o o he ac i i ies ..................................................................................... 10
2.6 S uc u e ................................................................................................................. 10
3 Rele an case s udies o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion DHNs implemen a ions ................. 12
4 Conside a ions on he egula o y amewo k and impac o di e en HYPERGRYD
ele an echnologies on DHNs ...................................................................................... 17
4.1 O e iew o DHN egula o y amewo k in Eu ope ............................................... 17
4.1.1 Owne ship and ope a ion o DH ne wo k ....................................................................... 18
4.1.2 P ices o consume s ....................................................................................................... 18
4.1.3 Me e ing o hea consump ion ....................................................................................... 19
4.1.4 Consume g id connec ion and usage ............................................................................. 19
4.1.5 Thi d pa y access in ne wo ks ........................................................................................ 19
4.1.6 Suppo measu es and ca bon axes ............................................................................... 20
4.2 Impac o di e en HYPERGRYD ele an echnologies on DHNs .......................... 20
4.2.1 ER1: So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age [CNR, SOR] ......................................................... 20
4.2.2 ER2: Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age [OCHSNER] ............................. 21
4.2.3 ER3: WPW (Wa e -PCM-Wa e ) Hea exchange [AIT] ................................................... 21
4.2.4 ER4: Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e [RANO] ..................... 22
5 Main de elopmen and implemen a ion p oblems ............................................... 23
5.1 De elopmen p oblems .......................................................................................... 23
5.2 Implemen a ion p oblems ...................................................................................... 24
5.3 In eg a ion o low hea sou ces .............................................................................. 25
6 DHNs’ digi al suppo ools o enhance 4 h and 5 h gene a ion de elopmen and
implemen a ion ............................................................................................................. 26
6.1 Managemen & Con ol pla o ms ......................................................................... 26
6.2 Simula ion ools ...................................................................................................... 27
7 Impac s on en i onmen al a ge s ........................................................................ 29

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8 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 30
9 Re e ences ........................................................................................................... 32
10 Appendices ........................................................................................................... 33
10.1 Appendix 1: DHN oad-mapping ques ionnai es .................................................... 33
ER 2: Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age – OCHS ................................................ 33
ER 3: WPW (wa e -PCM-Wa e ) hea exchange – AIT ................................................................. 35
ER 1: So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – SOR (CNR) .................................................................... 37
ER 4: Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – RANO ................................. 40
ER 5 & ER 6 – IDP ........................................................................................................................... 42
ER 13: Edge IoT ool o he op imal ope a ion o hea pumps wi hin a local ene gy ne wo k – KTH
....................................................................................................................................................... 44
ER 8: Exe goeconomic op imiza ion ool o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion o DHC – GET ....................... 47
ER 7: SAIn - Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems – ENCO .......................................... 50
ER 9 & ER 10 – GSY ........................................................................................................................ 53
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Lis o Figu es
Figu e 1 - Sha e o Dis ic Hea ing in ene gy sou ces o mee hea demands om he esiden ial and
se ice sec o s (2021) (1) .................................................................................................................... 12
Figu e 2 - Ne wo ks e olu ion owa ds 4GDHCN and 5GDHCN (2) .................................................... 13
Figu e 3 - 5GDHCN sha e by coun y (3) ............................................................................................. 14
Figu e 4 - 5GDHCN sha e by sou ce (3) ............................................................................................... 15
Figu e 5 - Map o he clus e s (i.e. he i e dis inguishable policy amewo ks) (6) ........................... 18
Lis o Tables
Table 1 Exploi able Resul s (ERs) and esponsible Pa ne s................................................................ 10
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1 Execu i e Summa y
The pu pose o his deli e able in sho is o analyse ele an Eu opean sma dis ic s case s udies
and he DHN solu ions wi h RES in eg a ions, o analyse he RES pene a ion a dis ic le el, o
iden i y he main s a egy o educ ion o isks due o he echnological weakness and he lack o
legisla ion, and o de ine po en ial solu ions o he u u e scena ios.
Conce ning he egula o y amewo k, he key inding om a ound o in e iews wi h p ojec ’s
pa ne s consis ed o a s ong lack o a comp ehensi e policy amewo k add essing and enabling
la ge-scale implemen a ion o echnically and economically e icien DHNs o sus ainable hea
supply. F om a li e a u e analysis, main egula o y issues when dealing wi h dis ic hea ing and
cooling ne wo ks we e iden i ied and desc ibed, also p o iding examples o exis ing DHNs ac oss
Eu ope.
Then, he impac o p ojec ’s ou comes was e alua ed by conside ing he main de elopmen and
implemen a ion p oblems ha pa ne s aced o du ing he p ojec . Issues ela ed o he
p ocu emen phase and he manu ac u ing o speci ic echnologies, economic ac o s and lack o
pe sonnel we e iden i ied as common de elopmen p oblems, while legal obs acles, au ho iza ions
and cos s o connec new gene a ion in as uc u es o exis ing local g ids and echnical limi a ions
we e iden i ied as he mos signi ican o he de elopmen o he Exploi able Resul s.
Finally, a quali a i e assessmen o he impac o p ojec ou comes om an en i onmen al poin o
iew was ca ied ou : in sho , he key echnologies ha we e de eloped du ing he p ojec
demons a ed s ong bene i s on he en i onmen al a ge s, om he educ ion o uel consump ion
o a mo e e ec i e moni o ing o he single sys ems and he whole ne wo k.
On behal o Au ho s,
Fede ico Dona o, Fabio Calzia, Ma eo Po a (RINA-C)
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2 In oduc ion
2.1 Scope
The ac i i ies desc ibed in his deli e able ha e been ca ied ou in Task 7.4. The objec i e o his ask
is o analyse he cu en DHN amewo k in e ms o ele an Eu opean sma dis ic case s udies
and DHN solu ions wi h RES in eg a ion, RES pene a ion wi h imp o emen gi en by he HYPERGRYD
pla o m, iden i ica ion o he main implemen a ion p oblems and mi iga ion s a egies o educ ion
o isks due o echnological issues and lack o legisla ion.
2.2 Audience
This deli e able is in ended o a la ge audience o echnical p o essionals, including p o esso s,
echnical p o essionals, policymake s, and o he s akeholde s who play a ole in he de elopmen
and managemen o DHNs and sma dis ic s. I aims o p o ide comp ehensi e insigh s and p ac ical
solu ions o ad ance he mode niza ion and in eg a ion o Renewable Ene gy Sou ces in hese
sys ems.
2.3 Abb e ia ions
• 4GDHN: 4 h Gene a ion Dis ic Hea ing Ne wo k
• 5GDHN: 5 h Gene a ion Dis ic Hea ing Ne wo k
• CHP: Combined Hea and Powe
• DH: Dis ic Hea ing
• DHN: Dis ic Hea ing Ne wo k
• DHCN: Dis ic Hea ing and Cooling Ne wo k
• DHW: Domes ic Ho Wa e
• HEX: Hea Exchange
• LEC: Local Ene gy Communi ies
• LiL: Li e-in Lab
• PCM: Phase Change Ma e ial
• RES: Renewable Ene gy Sou ces
• TPA: Thi d-Pa y Access
• WPW: Wa e -PCM-Wa e
2.4 Con ibu ions o pa ne s
Pa ne s ha e been in ol ed o p o ide echnical insigh s and in o ma ion abou hei echnologies
de eloped du ing HYPERGRYD p ojec and how hese could impac DHNs when ully implemen ed.
Pa ne s ha e been in ol ed wi h ques ionnai es and in e iews o be e unde s and he
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Rega ding he s o age, KEZO has an in eg a ed sys em o 15 kW Vanadium Redox Flow Ba e y wi h
100 kWh, 24 kW o li hium-ion LFP wi h 24 kW h, a 16-kW lead-acid ALC wi h 24 kWh and 8kW GEL
Lead Acid wi h 32 kWh. Ba e ies a e AC-connec ed h ough an in e e .
Due o he inno a i e na u e o hese echnologies, many s udies ha e been ca ied ou in las yea s
as (4), which p esen s a compa a i e analysis o enewable ene gy communi y designs o dis ic
hea ing ne wo ks, ocusing on a case s udy in Co icella, I aly. This case s udy aimed o e alua e he
po en ial o ene gy communi ies in enhancing ene gy-economic pe o mance h ough imp o ed
ene gy sha ing and he in eg a ion o enewable sou ces such as DHN and RES (in pa icula , PV
panels), emphasizing he ole o ene gy communi ies in p omo ing sel -consump ion and
sus ainabili y by u ilizing locally gene a ed enewable ene gy, and p o iding ele an ma e ials o
u u e discussions o he Eu opean di ec i es ha suppo he es ablishmen o enewable ene gy
communi ies (RECs) and ci izen ene gy communi ies (CECs), highligh ing hei signi icance in he
ene gy ansi ion.
Fo he ansi ion o 4G and 5GDHNs, many s udies a e ca ied ou o iden i y solu ions able o
in eg a e low-hea sou ces in exis ing ne wo ks, enabling he ansi ions o hese mo e sus ainable
ne wo ks. As epo ed in (5), some solu ions exis and should be s udied mo e deeply, as he
in eg a ion o sub-LTDHNs in o he e u n low o exis ing DHNs h ough he “ene gy cascade”
solu ion: i has been obse ed ha i op imises e iciency and enhances sys em pe o mance,
imp o ing scalabili y and obus ness e en in complex ne wo ks. Howe e , echnical ba ie s also exis
o he implemen a ion o ene gy cascades, such as he need o sui able loca ions o ins all hese
sys ems, he low e u n empe a u e, o hyd aulic issues. Anyway, he echnical ba ie s could be
sol ed adding mo e complexi y o he o e all ne wo k, bu ene gy cascades could be a good
con ibu ion o he ansi ion o 4G and 5GDHNs.

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4 Conside a ions on he egula o y amewo k and impac o
di e en HYPERGRYD ele an echnologies on DHNs
To help in he impac assessmen o he di e en HYPERGRYD echnologies on DHNs, a dedica ed
ques ionnai e was elabo a ed and sha ed wi h pa ne s. The empla e o his ques ionnai e is
epo ed in he Appendices sec ion (Appendix 1) o he p esen epo , while in he ollowing
pa ag aph, he key indings esul ing om his su ey a e desc ibed o each physical echnology.
On op o his impac analysis, he i s pa ag aph con ains a b ie o e iew o he cu en egula o y
amewo k o Dis ic Hea ing and Cooling Ne wo ks: he conside a ions we e e ie ed mainly om
li e a u e, while some conside a ions we e d awn om in e iews wi h he pa ne s o he
HYPERGRYD p ojec .
4.1 O e iew o DHN egula o y amewo k in Eu ope
As s a ed in (6), he cu en poli ical amewo ks o Dis ic Hea ing in many Eu opean coun ies s ill
o e ew incen i es o add ess exis ing challenges, and also he exis ing li e a u e pays li le a en ion
o a comp ehensi e policy amewo k add essing ba ie s and enabling la ge scale implemen a ion
o echnically and economically e icien DH ne wo ks o sus ainable hea supply. This conside a ion
was also he main conclusion ha was d awn om he in e iews ha we e conduc ed wi h pa ne s
du ing his ask.
To o e come his ba ie , he da a collec ion in (6) was i s based on ele an egula o y issues and
in-dep h li e a u e analyses we e ca ied ou o each issue, while he emaining gaps we e illed by
means o an ex ensi e online su ey campaign and in e iews wi h na ional DH expe s.
This o e iew ocuses on he egula o y issues ha usually a e he essen ial pa o he policy
amewo k o DH:
- Owne ship and ope a ion o DH ne wo ks.
- Hea sale p ices o consume s.
- Me e ing o hea consump ion.
- Consume g id connec ion and usage.
- Thi d-Pa y Access.
- Suppo measu es o DH and na ional ca bon axes.
In Figu e 5, he esul s o a clus e ing analysis ha was ca ied ou in (6) is p esen ed o help in
iden i ying he cu en si ua ion o DH ne wo ks ac oss Eu ope.
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Figu e 5 - Map o he clus e s (i.e. he i e dis inguishable policy amewo ks) (6)
4.1.1 Owne ship and ope a ion o DH ne wo k
Many DH ne wo ks in Eu opean coun ies a e ope a ed by e ically in eg a ed companies, owned by
municipali ies o by p i a e companies in which municipali ies hold a majo sha e. Howe e , in some
coun ies a mix be ween public and p i a e owne ship can be ound, o also la ge ene gy companies
ope a e la ge DH ne wo ks while he li le ones a e spli ypically be ween small companies o
municipali ies.
Also, in many coun ies some so o au ho iza ion o he ope a ion is equi ed, like license, pe mi
o concession. This p ocess a ies om one coun y o ano he : in F ance, o example, a ende
p ocedu e mus be se up by he local au ho i y o gi e he license o ope a ing a public DH ne wo k.
A he same ime, he o maliza ion o a p i a e DH ne wo k is also possible, and his does no equi e
any ype o license o he ope a ion o he ne wo k.
4.1.2 P ices o consume s
DH p ices o consume s mainly di e depending on he ne wo k and also by aking in o accoun he
cus ome s: in mos coun ies, p ices a e cu en ly no collec ed o published, while a Eu opean le el
he exis ing egula ion is alid only o gas and elec ici y ma ke s.
Many coun ies ha e hei own de ini ion o DH p ices and ules: in No way, o example, o a gi en
DH ne wo k and i s pe ime e , he inal DH p ice o consume s mus be lowe han he p ice o any
o he hea ing sou ce a ailable, o ensu e he compe i i eness o he dis ic hea ing solu ion
acco ding o he Ene gy Ac . O he ules ha apply o o he coun ies a e based on p ice caps, p ice
adjus men clauses o gene ic ules ha do no s ic ly de ine a ixed p ice.
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In he end, a di e ence can be highligh ed be ween mo e egula ed and libe alized app oaches o
p ice egula ion.
4.1.3 Me e ing o hea consump ion
Conce ning he me e ing o hea consump ion, his aspec is egula ed in mos o he Eu opean
coun ies: a Eu opean le el, he Eu opean Ene gy E iciency Di ec i e (2018/2022, EED) egula es
me e ing and decla es ha inal use s mus be p o ided wi h compe i i ely p iced me e s ha e lec
hei ac ual consump ion in an accu a e way.
Howe e , he implemen a ion o he EED seems o be e y di icul , as in many si ua ions se e al
me e s o hea cos alloca o s a e necessa y o calcula e he consump ion o each single inal use .
Fu he mo e, a na ional le el, no local legisla ion is a ailable o his ma e and EED is he e e ence
o me e ing pu poses, while some coun ies lack o me e ing egula ion (e.g. G eece, I aly, Spain).
4.1.4 Consume g id connec ion and usage
A challenge ha DH ne wo ks ypically ha e o ace o is ela ed o he low mo i a ion o ci izens in
joining he ne wo k. To o e come his ba ie , manda o y g id connec ion is a solu ion usually
exploi ed o consume s: his means ha consume s wi hin a local DH ne wo k a e obliged o join i
o co e hei hea ing demand, unde ce ain condi ions. In F ance, o example, he manda o y
connec ion can happen only i he DH ne wo k is economically balanced, a leas 50% o he inpu
ene gy mix comes om enewable o was e hea and all hea exchanges a e me e ed.
A he same ime, many coun ies do no ha e manda o y g id connec ion bu ha e in oduced some
egula ions ega ding he connec ion p ocess o deli e ing con ac s.
4.1.5 Thi d pa y access in ne wo ks
Gas and elec ici y ma ke s a e gene ally unbundled, hence he di e en oles and esponsibili ies
(e.g., p oduc ion, dis ibu ion, economic ansac ions) mus be in cha ge o di e en en i ies. DH
ma ke , on he o he hand, is no egula ed a EU le el: his means ha his ma ke is o en an
in eg a ed se ice, whe e one single company is esponsible o hea gene a ion, hea dis ibu ion
and selling o hea ene gy o cus ome s. Wi hin his scheme, hi d pa ies like independen hea
p oduce s canno en e in o he ne wo k.
Howe e , p og essing owa d he la es gene a ion o DHNs, his possibili y would be e y in e es ing
and many op ions exis . Fo example:
- In he “ne wo k access model”, hea p oduce s can en e DH ne wo ks and hey can
di ec ly sell hei ene gy o he inal cus ome s wi hin he ne wo k;
- In he “single buye model”, he cen al ole is up o he ope a o o he DH ne wo k, which
is obliged o accep and buy he eed-in he mal ene gy coming om ex e nal hea
gene a o s: in his model, inal cus ome s can buy om a single supplie only, which
iden i ies as he DH ne wo k ope a o i sel ;
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- In he “ex ended p oduce ma ke ”, mo eo e , he basic wo king p inciple is he same as
in he single buye model, wi h a highe deg ee o egula ion and anspa ency o all he
ac o s in ol ed in he DH ma ke .
Fu he mo e, egula ion o g id access o independen p oduce s cu en ly p o ides o he ollowing
possibili ies:
- Nego ia ed TPA, whe e he DH ne wo k owne is equi ed o nego ia e wi h he hea
p oduce s abou access o he ne wo k. In he nego ia ed olun a y ne wo k access model,
he hea dispa ch o de o he DH ne wo k is de e mined eely, while in he nego ia ed
manda o y ne wo k access model, he DH ne wo k owne mus egula e he access o he
ne wo k by means o manda o y equi emen s and cons ic ions o hea p oduce s ha
a e ag eed be ween he pa ies.
- Regula ed TPA, whe e he equi emen s o hea p oduce s a e p ede ined and ha e o be
me : in his case, he DH owne is obliged o p o ide he access o he g id.
Anyway, he exis ing egula ion (RED II) does no p o ide a clea amewo k o g id access, since in
he cu en si ua ion DH ope a o s can s ill deny a eed-in eques om independen hea p oduce s
i echnical o economic condi ions canno be me .
4.1.6 Suppo measu es and ca bon axes
Many EU coun ies implemen ed suppo measu es o incen i ize and speed-up he sp ead o DH
ne wo ks based on e icien and enewable gene a ion. Usually, suppo schemes p o ide inancial
suppo o g id in as uc u e, enewable ene gy gene a ion, R&D ac i i ies o inno a i e sys ems
as well as o connec ing inal cus ome s o he ne wo ks. F om a ac ual poin o iew, he main
inancial measu es consis o inancing g an s, p emiums, low-in e es loans o ax exemp ions, and
ew examples o suppo ing schemes o R&D opics and connec ion o inal use s can be ound.
In Ge many, o example, he p og am “Hea ing Ne wo k Sys ems 4.0” aims o sus ain DH ne wo ks
wi h a high sha e o enewables om a inancial poin o iew.
Mo eo e , ca bon emissions gene a ed om plan s cha ac e ized by a nominal he mal powe
g ea e han 20 kW a e egula ed by he Eu opean Emission T ading Sys em, bu some coun ies ha e
addi ional local ca bon axes which gene ally inc ease he penaliza ion ela ed o he use o ossil
uels o hea gene a ion in DH ne wo ks.
4.2 Impac o di e en HYPERGRYD ele an echnologies on DHNs
4.2.1 ER1: So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age [CNR, SOR]
ER1 co e ed he ac i i ies ca ied ou by SOR and CNR ela ed o he se -up o a seasonal s o age
based on so p ion echnology: a ma e ial le el, hey e alua ed di e en composi e ma e ials, hen
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 21
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
he manu ac u ing o he s o age was pe o med a e a p elimina y shape op imiza ion and sizing o
he s o age essel and he e apo a o /condense .
F om an impac pe spec i e, he deploymen o his ene gy s o age should educe he p ima y ene gy
need o he DHN, imp o ing he e iciency and usage pa e ns. Also, i will educe he peak demand
ha should be co e ed by he DHN, and i will enhance he syne gy wi h RESs by decoupling
gene a ion om load. On he o he hand, gi en he ac ha his ene gy s o age is based on a new
echnology no well known in he ma ke and o he ins alle s, i may inc ease he complexi y o he
sys em and in es men cos in he ansi ional ime o be a ma ke p oduc .
Fu he possible impac s on DHN gi en by his s o age a e cu en ly in es iga ed by KEZO-IMP in hei
Li e-in Lab acili ies, and mo e insigh s on he es s ca ied ou o he so p ion-based he mal ene gy
s o age and inal esul s will be a ailable in a dedica ed deli e able by he end o he p ojec .
4.2.2 ER2: Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age [OCHSNER]
ER2 is ela ed o he de elopmen o a modula hea pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age, and
OCHSNER was in cha ge o his Exploi able Resul .
A model-based design ac i i y o a PCM hea exchange wi h he op imum PCM ma e ial and
geome y selec ed based on nume ical simula ions was ca ied ou , in he amewo k o 5 h
gene a ion DHCN. The modula i y o his echnology is gi en by he ac ha , i he apa men is
e u bished and he hea load diminishes, he exceeding modules can be emo ed and e-used
elsewhe e. In case he modula HP is connec ed o a 5 h gene a ion DHC g id, i can p o ide hea ing
and cooling simul aneously hanks o i s modula i y, hus p o iding wha o he wise would be
p o ided by a uel- i ed boile and a chille .
Also, i compa ed o a adi ional DHW s o age loca ed in o he apa men s, his solu ion consis ing
o a space sa ing ins an aneous wa e hea e based on PCM ma e ials p o ides a mo e compac
solu ion and allows as e hea ing a es. This aspec should p omo e he 4 h and 5 h gene a ion o
DHNs by ensu ing he in eg a ion wi h low empe a u es.
4.2.3 ER3: WPW (Wa e -PCM-Wa e ) Hea exchange [AIT]
ER3 consis ed o he design and de elopmen o a Wa e -PCM-Wa e Hea Exchange , as a h ee-
media hea exchange wi h Domes ic Ho Wa e , PCM and wa e passages. This esul is s ic ly linked
o ER2, since his HEX was in eg a ed in o he modula hea pump de eloped by OCHSNER.
The wo king p inciple is based on he PCM’s capaci y o s o e and elease hea . The PCM is cha ged
wi h ho wa e p o ided by he wa e cycle o he HP h ough he wa e passages. Du ing discha ging,
esh wa e a abou 15°C will be ha ed up o abou 50-60°C on demand o p o ide DHW o he
apa men occupan s.

D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 22
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
The main posi i e impac o his echnology is linked o ER2, hus p o iding a space sa ing wa e
hea e based on PCM ma e ials and WPW HEX ha ensu es a mo e compac solu ion and allows
as e hea ing a es.
4.2.4 ER4: Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e [RANO]
ER4 is ela ed o he e e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e p o ided by
RANOTOR.
The e e sible s eam engine gene a es s eam by consump ion o mechanical o elec ical powe .
When he s eam engine is in e e se ope a ion, s eam is ed o he expande ’s cylinde s du ing he
pis on e u n s oke. The s eam is hen comp essed. This inc eases he o al ene gy con ained in he
sys em by means o con e ing ou side mechanical ene gy o in e nal he mal ene gy. Wa e is
injec ed in o he cylinde hus lowe ing he empe a u e wi h a esul ing phase ansi ion om liquid
wa e o s eam. The newly gene a ed s eam hea s up he he mal bu e .
The CHP is able o o e lexibili y se ices such as peak sha ing: i means ha his echnology can
educe he peak he mal gene a ion o be p o ided by he DHN, also decoupling he gene a ion o
he DHN om he luc ua ing hea demand. Howe e , CHP owne could no ha e any bene i om
pa icipa ing in a he mal/ene gy ne wo k: i he CHP is able o p o ide he equi ed he mal and
elec ical demand o he owne , and i he owne is no in e es ed in selling he su plus o ene gy,
he DHN would no be necessa y anymo e.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 23
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
5 Main de elopmen and implemen a ion p oblems
In his chap e , he main implemen a ion p oblems o he de elopmen o 4GDHN and 5GDHN ha e
been s udied s a ing om he in o ma ion which has been p o ided di ec ly om HYPERGRYD
p ojec pa ne s: he main implemen a ion p oblems ha e been iden i ied o each o he ele an
DHN’s echnologies, bo h physical (e.g., hea pumps, he mal s o ages, e c.) and digi al (e.g.,
managemen and con ol sys ems, simula ion ools, e c.) ones.
In his chap e , he main de elopmen and implemen a ion p oblems o physical echnologies ha e
been desc ibed, while o digi al echnologies will be desc ibed in nex chap e “DHNs’ “.
The analysis ocused on he echnologies de eloped wi hin he HYPERGRYD p ojec , as hese a e he
main componen s o u u e dis ic hea ing ne wo ks and he e o e se e as an excellen indica o .
In ac , HYPERGRYD p ojec aims o inno a e and imp o e he e iciency, sus ainabili y, and
in eg a ion capabili ies o DHNs by le e aging ad anced physical and digi al echnologies. By
examining he de elopmen and implemen a ion challenges aced by hese echnologies, we can
be e unde s and he po en ial hu dles and oppo uni ies ha lie ahead o he widesp ead adop ion
o nex -gene a ion dis ic hea ing solu ions. By ocusing on hese c i ical componen s, he p ojec
aims o se a benchma k o u u e de elopmen s in he ield, bo h echnical and egula o y, pa ing
he way o mo e sus ainable and e icien hea ing solu ions.
5.1 De elopmen p oblems
Fi s o all, he analysis ocuses on he de elopmen p oblems o he new echnologies de eloped
du ing HYPERGRYD. I is c ucial o iden i y his kind o p oblems because i helps o ensu e i s
success ul implemen a ion and ope a ion. Unde s anding hese challenges, i is possible o help
esea che s and de elope s o de ise e ec i e s a egies o o e come obs acles, alloca e esou ces
e icien ly, and mi iga e isks, bo h echnical and economic ones, enhancing eliabili y and scalabili y
o he echnologies, which a e he cha ac e is ics ha help he adop ion by o he s akeholde s and
he ma ke .
Acco ding o he p ojec pa ne s, which p o ided hei con ibu ions h ough speci ic ques ionnai es
and in e iews, he main de elopmen p oblems a e ela ed o he ollowing a eas:
• The echnology, pa icula ly in e ms o p ocu ing essen ial componen s and managing
manu ac u ing/de elopmen challenges. I is complex because dedica ed esou ces a e
needed o o e come hese p oblems and could be complica ed mee ing ma ke demands.
• Economic ac o s, including cos luc ua ions, supplie eliabili y, and a ailabili y. These play
a c ucial ole in he sus ainabili y and e iciency o business ope a ions due o he la ge
impac on companies and de elopmen ac i i ies.
• Lack o pe sonnel, bo h skilled esea che s o de elop he p ojec esul s, bu also
managemen and ma ke ing pe sonnel o o ganise and ca y ou u he exploi a ion
ac i i ies.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 24
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
5.2 Implemen a ion p oblems
Fu he mo e, he in eg a ion o ad anced echnologies in 4GDHNs and 5GDHNs p esen s se e al
implemen a ion challenges. These include he need o subs an ial in as uc u e upg ades o
accommoda e lowe empe a u e ope a ions, ensu ing compa ibili y wi h exis ing sys ems, and
secu ing eliable sou ces o enewable ene gy. Addi ionally, he e a e conce ns ega ding he
scalabili y o hese ne wo ks in u ban en i onmen s, as well as he economic easibili y gi en he high
ini ial in es men cos s. E ec i e managemen o sys em complexi y and main aining op imal
e iciency ac oss di e se geog aphic and clima ic condi ions also pose signi ican hu dles. Add essing
hese issues equi es coo dina ed e o s be ween s akeholde s, inno a i e enginee ing solu ions,
and obus egula o y amewo ks o o e come hese challenges and p o ide e ec i e s a egies and
solu ions o he ma ke .
Th ough ques ionnai es and in e iews, p ojec pa ne s p o ided hei commen s abou he main
implemen a ion p oblems hey a e encoun e ing, which a e ela ed o he ollowing a eas:
• High cos s o he inal de elopmen o he echnologies in ope a ional en i onmen s, also
o he de elopmen o connec ions wi h exis ing ne wo ks.
• O he echno-economic aspec s, such as di icul ies in ob aining e ec i e and good business
ag eemen s wi h ne wo ks’ owne s due o complex equi emen s needed (e.g., i is equi ed
a ce ain amoun o ene gy o be aded, o en ela ed o he peak demand).
• Technical lexibili y o he sys ems; how he sys ems can manage hea o ene gy luc ua ions
and peaks caused by RES and o he enewable sou ces.
• Technical limi a ions caused by adop ed ma e ials (e.g., aluminium needs speci ic coa ings o
wo k wi h ho wa e ), ins alled sys ems, o by he ne wo k i sel , such as he consis ency o
hea / empe a u e anges. In pa icula , hese ne wo ks and sys ems can ope a e only in a
speci ic ange o empe a u es; ou o hese bounda ies, he sys ems do no wo k p ope ly
and should be s opped, causing s ong ine iciencies o he ela i e DHN.
• Legal and egula o y obs acles ela ed o he possibili y o adop ion o he echnologies
hemsel es.
Please e e o ables epo ed in chap e 10 “Appendices“ o he de ailed pa ne s’ answe s abou
de elopmen and implemen a ion p oblems o all he di e en de ices encoun e ed du ing
HYPERGRYD p ojec .
5.3 In eg a ion o low hea sou ces
Acco ding o he p ojec pa ne s, which p o ided hei con ibu ions o speci ic ques ionnai es and
in e iews, a speci ic ocus on he in eg a ion o low hea sou ces has been ca ied ou o unde s and
how much his implemen a ion p oblem is ele an o hem.
This in-dep h analysis was ca ied ou because he in eg a ion o low- empe a u e hea sou ces is
one o he key a eas o ocus wi hin he HYPERGRYD p ojec because i can p o ide signi ican ene gy
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 25
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
sa ings and en i onmen al bene i s. The p ojec pa ne s ha e con ibu ed aluable insigh s h ough
ques ionnai es and in e iews, shedding ligh on he p ac ical aspec s o inco po a ing hese
inno a i e echnologies in o exis ing sys ems. Addi ionally, he p ojec add esses he need o obus
managemen and con ol sys ems, as well as simula ion ools o op imize he pe o mance and
eliabili y o dis ic hea ing ne wo ks: an analysis o he adop ion o hese digi al ools is epo ed in
nex chap e “DHNs’ “.
Th ough he analysis ca ied ou oge he wi h he p ojec pa ne s, i eme ged ha he in eg a ion
wi h low (o also high) hea sou ces a e p oblema ic because i p ima y caused he s op o he
ope a ions o he sys ems.
In ac , hese sys ems ha e a de ined wo king empe a u e ange o en caused by ma e ials’ limi s.
Fo example, hea exchange s o he mal s o ages can only wo k (o can wo k wi h good e iciency)
in he hea ange accep ed by he hea so p ion ma e ials used; ou o his, i is no e icien and
canno p o ide good pe o mances.
Due o his aspec , he echnologies de eloped in he p ojec (bu , mo e gene ally, he echnologies
ha could be used in DHNs) ha e o be aligned wi h DHNs’ empe a u e anges: his is he i s and
mos impo an ac o o he implemen a ion o echnologies like hese de eloped in HYPERGRYD.
Mo eo e , he absence o a s ong and de ined egula o y amewo k (as highligh ed in p e ious
chap e “Conside a ions on he egula o y amewo k and impac o di e en HYPERGRYD ele an
echnologies on DHNs“) does no help companies in de eloping sys ems which can be la gely adop ed
p ecisely because no ules o echnical anges/bounda ies ha e been in place.
Howe e , some sys ems could e en bene i om low hea sou ces in he DHNs, o could no be
a ec ed by hese, bu i is a cha ac e is ic s ic ly ela ed o he sys ems hemsel es.
In conclusion, his aspec is an impo an esea ch opic because i could be e y help ul in he
de elopmen o 4G and 5GDHNs wi h dis ibu ed hea sou ces (e.g., in e y dense ci ies o wi hou
la ge hea sou ces as indus ial plan s), as obse ed in (5) and (7).
Please e e o ables epo ed in chap e 10 “Appendices“ o he de ailed pa ne s’ answe s abou
he in eg a ion p oblems wi h low hea sou ces o all he di e en de ices encoun e ed du ing
HYPERGRYD p ojec .
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 32
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
9 Re e ences
1. Powe , Eu ohea &. DHC Ma ke Ou look Insigh s & T ends. 2023.
2. Dis ic Hea ing & Cooling in he u u e ene gy sys em. s.l. : Sus ainable Places, 2023.
3. S. Bu a, M. D'An oni, M. Cozzini, R. Fed izzi. 5 h gene a ion dis ic hea ing and cooling sys ems:
A e iew o exis ing cases in Eu ope. 2019.
4. M.A. Ancona, F. Baldi, L. B anchini, A. De Pascale, F. Giana oli, F. Melino, M. Ricci. Compa a i e
Analysis o Renewabl Ene gy Communi y Designs o Dis ic Hea ing Ne wo ks: Case S udy o
Co icella (I aly). s.l. : Ene gies, 2022.
5. A. Volko a, S. Reu e , S. Puschnigg, H. Kauko, R.R. Schmid , B. Lei ne , S. Mose . Cascade sub-
lowe empe a u e dis ic hea ing ne wo ks in exis ing dis ic hea ing sys ems. s.l. : Sma Ene gy,
2022.
6. Al., A. Bille beck e . Policy amewo ks o dis ic hea ing: A comp ehensi e o e iew and
analysis o egula ions and suppo measu es ac oss Eu ope. s.l. : Ene gy Policy 173, 2023.
7. L. Socci, A. Rocche i, A. Ve zino, A. Zini, L. Tallu i. Enhancing hi d-gene a ion dis ic hea ing
ne wo ks wi h da a cen e was e hea eco e y: analysis o a case s udy in I aly. s.l. : Ene gy Volume
313, 2024.
8. S. Kun ua o a, T. Licklede e , T. Huynh, D. Zinsmeis e , T. Hamache , V. Pe ic. Design and
simula ion o dis ic hea ing ne wo ks: A e iew o modelling app oaches and ools. s.l. : Ene gy,
2024.
9. A. Volko a, I. Pake e, L. Mu auskai e, P. Huang, K. Lepiksaa , X. Zhang. 5 h gene a ion hea ing
and cooling (5GDHCN) implemen a ion po en ial in u ban a eas wi h exis ing dis ic hea ing
sys ems. s.l. : Ene gy Repo s, 2022.

D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 33
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10 Appendices
10.1 Appendix 1: DHN oad-mapping ques ionnai es
ER 2: Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age – OCHS
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 2: Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age – OCHS
Which echnologies o DHNs a e you de eloping in he HYPERGRYD p ojec ? Please lis all o he
ele an ones and p o ide hei name and a b ie desc ip ion o he main de ails and in o ma ion.
Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age.
Model-based design o a PCM hea exchange wi h he op imum PCM ma e ial and geome y
selec ed based on nume ical simula ions. Connec ed e.g. o 5 h gene a ion DHC. I he apa men is
e u bished and he hea load diminishes, exceeding modules can be emo ed and e-used
elsewhe e. This is pa icula ly ele an o eal es a e o ganisa ions managing la ge amoun s o la s.
Each modula HP is con olled by i sel , he sys em as a whole elies on a 2nd le el con olle .
In case he modula HP is connec ed o a 5 h gene a ion DHC g id, i can p o ide hea ing and cooling
simul aneously hanks o i s modula i y. In his case, he HP p o ides wha o he wise would be
p o ided by a boile and a chille .
Which a e he main posi i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? In e ms o imp o emen s o
o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and he ne wo k.
Modula solu ion is adjus able o di e en la sizes and hea ing demands. In addi ion, i allows o
use mass -p oduced componen s and o ocus on he design o one e ige an cycle only. Modula i y
is he main added alue. Adjus men s can be made by he ins alle : Modules can be easily emo ed
and hyd aulics adjus ed.
F om he pe spec i e o he end-use , he ad an age is ha he HP can be connec ed o a ne wo k,
bu only i he cooling unc ion is also in place. In his case, he HP p o ides wha o he wise would
be p o ided by a boile and a chille .
Which a e he main nega i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? Please lis and desc ibe hem
in e ms o c i icali ies o o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and
he ne wo k.
As o oday, no nega i e impac s on DHNs a e known.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 34
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 2: Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age – OCHS
Which a e he main de elopmen p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
Unce ain y, i 5GDHN a e going o be connec ed o al eady exis ing mul i- amily-homes on a la ge
scale. This leads o limi a ion o R&D esou ces o be spen on his opic.
A ailabili y o componen s and a lack o human esou ces has been an ongoing opic du ing he
HYPERGRYD p ojec .
Which a e he main implemen a ion p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
High ini ial cos and he a ailabili y o 5GDHN hinde he ease o access o his ER. F om a legal poin
o iew enan s can’ o ce hei landlo d o ansi ion o a sus ainable solu ion and la owne s
depend on he app o al o hei neighbou ing la owne s.
How do you echnologies wo k in a dis ibu ed gene a ion DHN? A e hey a ec ed by he
in eg a ion wi h low hea sou ces? Please desc ibe which a e he main obs acles, impac s, and
(possible) mi iga ion ac ions.
The echnology allows o ex ac hea in he win e and, op ionally o supply hea in he summe .
Thus, he modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age is sui ed well o in e ac wi h low
empe a u e hea sou ces.
How do you echnologies impac on he en i onmen al a ge s o DHNs? Please desc ibe he main
esul s in e ms o emissions, sa ings, e c.
The echnology doesn’ lead o di ec emissions o GHG and in ope a ion he GHG emissions can be
educed o a minimum by u ilizing elec ici y gene a ed by enewables. Typical sa ings o he
ansi ion om gas boile s o hea pumps can be assumed.
How do you echnologies impac DHNs inancially and in e ms o business plans? Please desc ibe
he main ad an ages and disad an ages ela ed o he deploymen o you echnologies in DHNs
om a inancial poin o iew.
High ini ial cos can be expec ed o impac he DHN implemen a ion o his echnology. Howe e ,
he supply o hea o he ne wo k du ing summe allows o se o some o hese cos s. Coupling his
echnology wi h he elec ici y ma ke , would allow o ake ad an age o he hea capaci y o he
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 35
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 2: Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age – OCHS
la /building and he s o ed ene gy in he sho - e m PCM s o age. Thus, his would minimize he
cos o he ope a ion o he sys em.
Tha ’s because du ing win e , you consume ene gy om he ne wo k, while du ing summe you
p oduce hea and can dump his hea o he ne wo k. No income du ing win e because he hea
pump owne uses hea , while du ing summe he owne has income because hea pump owne uses
hea pump o cooling and hen p oduce hea o DHN.
The e a e no egula ions o his aspec ye . In case he DHN owne is a municipali y, his is he one
ha pu ene gy in, bu ew egula ions. In nex u u e, p obably i will.
Please p o ide any o he use ul in o ma ion abou he causes, he e ec s, and he impac s o you
echnologies which a e no co e ed by p e ious ques ions, such as main issues, di icul ies, o
bene i s.
No applicable.
ER 3: WPW (wa e -PCM-Wa e ) hea exchange – AIT
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 3: WPW (wa e -PCM-Wa e ) hea exchange – AIT
Which echnologies o DHNs a e you de eloping in he HYPERGRYD p ojec ? Please lis all o he
ele an ones and p o ide hei name and a b ie desc ip ion o he main de ails and in o ma ion.
WPW (wa e -PCM-Wa e ) hea exchange .
The design is based on he WPW (Wa e -PCM-Wa e )-hea exchange design de eloped in he
HYBUILD and CHALLENGE EU- unded p ojec s and will be a h ee media HEX wi h Domes ic Ho
Wa e , PCM and wa e passages (DPW-HEX). The PCM is cha ged wi h ho wa e p o ided by he
wa e cycle o he HP h ough he wa e passages. Du ing discha ging, esh wa e a abou 15°C will
be hea ed up o abou 50-60°C on demand o p o ide DHW o he apa men occupan s.
Which a e he main posi i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? In e ms o imp o emen s o
o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and he ne wo k.
Ins ead o a s a e-o - he-a DHW s o age loca ed in he apa men s, a space sa ing ins an aneous
wa e hea e based on PCM ma e ials p o ides a mo e compac solu ion and allows as e wa e
hea ing a es.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 36
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 3: WPW (wa e -PCM-Wa e ) hea exchange – AIT
Which a e he main nega i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? Please lis and desc ibe hem
in e ms o c i icali ies o o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and
he ne wo k.
As o oday, no nega i e impac s on DHNs a e known.
Which a e he main de elopmen p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
A ailabili y o componen s and a lack o human esou ces has been an ongoing opic du ing he
HYPERGRYD p ojec . Manu ac u ing he WPW HEX using aluminium mul ipo ex usion echnology
based on inalized designs has u ned ou o be mo e complex han ini ially expec ed. Fo una ely,
AKG was able o deli e he componen in a subcon ac .
Lack o HR is now, because hey had p oblems du ing Co id pandemic, plus di icul ies in he
de ini ion o ag eemen s wi h subcon ac o s.
Which a e he main implemen a ion p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
High ini ial cos and he a ailabili y o 5GDHN hinde he ease o access o his ER. F om a legal poin
o iew enan s can’ o ce hei landlo d o ansi ion o a sus ainable solu ion and la owne s
depend on he app o al o hei neighbou ing la owne s.
Wa e wi hou addi i es canno be b ough in con ac o an ex ended pe iod o ime o uncoa ed
aluminium. As in he cu en design, he WPW HEX is manu ac u ed ou o aluminium, an addi ional
hyd aulic ci cui is necessa y educing e iciency, adding con ol complexi y and nega i ely e ec ing
hea ing a es.
6. How do you echnologies wo k in a dis ibu ed gene a ion DHN? A e hey a ec ed by he
in eg a ion wi h low hea sou ces? Please desc ibe which a e he main obs acles, impac s,
and (possible) mi iga ion ac ions.
The combined ER 2 and ER 3 echnology allows o ex ac hea in he win e and, op ionally o supply
hea in he summe eeding he WPW HEX. The echnology is pe ec ly sui ed o he in eg a ion o
low empe a u e hea sou ces, while i would no be bene icial o high empe a u e hea sou ces.
Abou he in eg a ion o empe a u es, he HP in gene al can p o ide hea be ween 0-25°C, ha is
he ange o he 5GDHN.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 37
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 3: WPW (wa e -PCM-Wa e ) hea exchange – AIT
Fo he HP, he ope a ional limi s a e in line wi h he DHN empe a u e anges, so he e will no be
p oblems o his in eg a ion.
Ins ead, ER3 ac s as a ba e y, shi loads in he g id o a oid o e consump ion o local empe a u e
limi s o be excessi ely consumed. So, i will wo k as a limi e and he e will no be p oblems o his
oo.
How do you echnologies impac on he en i onmen al a ge s o DHNs? Please desc ibe he main
esul s in e ms o emissions, sa ings, e c.
The echnology doesn’ lead o di ec emissions o GHG and in ope a ion he GHG emissions can be
educed o a minimum by u ilizing elec ici y gene a ed by enewables. In compa ison wi h i s
compe i o , he con en ional wa e -based s o age ank, he space equi emen s a e much smalle
o his ER.
How do you echnologies impac DHNs inancially and in e ms o business plans? Please desc ibe
he main ad an ages and disad an ages ela ed o he deploymen o you echnologies in DHNs
om a inancial poin o iew.
Highe ini ial cos can be expec ed in compa ison o con en ional wa e -based s o age anks.
Coupling his echnology wi h he elec ici y ma ke , would allow o ake ad an age o he hea
capaci y o he la /building and he s o ed ene gy in he sho - e m PCM s o age. Thus, his would
minimize he cos o he ope a ion o he sys em.
Please p o ide any o he use ul in o ma ion abou he causes, he e ec s, and he impac s o you
echnologies which a e no co e ed by p e ious ques ions, such as main issues, di icul ies, o
bene i s.
No applicable.
ER 1: So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – SOR (CNR)
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 1: So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – SOR (CNR)
Which echnologies o DHNs a e you de eloping in he HYPERGRYD p ojec ? Please lis all o he
ele an ones and p o ide hei name and a b ie desc ip ion o he main de ails and in o ma ion.
SOR wi h CNR de eloped seasonal s o age based on so p ion echnology.
Rele an ac i i ies:

D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 38
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 1: So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – SOR (CNR)
• A ma e ial le el, wi h di e en composi e ma e ial.
• Op imiza ion o he s o age essel and he e apo a o /condense .
• Manu ac u ing o he s o age wi h he op ion o wo k as a chille and in hea ing/cooling
s o age mode.
Which a e he main posi i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? In e ms o imp o emen s o
o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and he ne wo k.
• Reduce he p ima y ene gy need o he DHN.
• Inc eased e iciency and usage, educing he peak o he DHN and in es iga e he possibili y
o connec ing RES o he seasonal s o age and he ne .
Which a e he main nega i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? Please lis and desc ibe hem
in e ms o c i icali ies o o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and
he ne wo k.
As a new echnology, no well known in he ma ke and o he ins alle s, i may inc ease he
complexi y o he sys em and in es men cos in he ansi ional ime o be a ma ke p oduc .
The es s on he DHN demo a e being done by IMP (Polish esea ch cen e), which es ed i in a LiL
(Li e-in-Lab). They had some issues abou empe a u e le els on which hey wo k, because i is
impo an o unde s and i hey each he equi ed empe a u e del a o no , bu hese could be an
implemen a ion p oblem. Ins ead, he e should be no p oblems abou p essu es and lows in he
pilo phase (possible o ha e p oblems in implemen a ion phase oo i he DHN is no wo king wi h
he same cha ac e is ics).
The only eal di icul y is ha i is an addi ional objec in he plan .
Which a e he main de elopmen p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
• Op imiza ion o he wo king mode: hey inally decided o wo di e en si ua ions:
o Chille mode (adap s o summe and win e condi ions).
o Cha ging/s o age phase in bo h summe and win e : “s o age phase” wo k
depending on he en i onmen al condi ions (summe s win e ).
• Inc ease o ma e ial/componen s’ cos .
• Op imiza ion o a liquid pump o wo k in acuum condi ions.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 39
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 1: So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – SOR (CNR)
Which a e he main implemen a ion p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
I will be answe mainly om he es and unning p ocess a he pilo . A e a long es s- unning,
new issues can be iden i y.
Howe e , he in eg a ion will always be possible, bu i is based on he wo king anges: i below, he
sys em does no s a ; i abo e, i swi ches o o sa e y easons. The e o e, mus be in line wi h he
DHN eques s.
No egula ions exis a he momen , we a e a he p o o ype le el.
How do you echnologies wo k in a dis ibu ed gene a ion DHN? A e hey a ec ed by he
in eg a ion wi h low hea sou ces? Please desc ibe which a e he main obs acles, impac s, and
(possible) mi iga ion ac ions.
Gene ally, no in he ou pu side. I could be an in eg a ion p oblem due o a low hea as a ailable
sou ce ( om he inpu side) o un he machine. I he sou ce o empe a u e is oo low, he
p o o ype canno p o ide p ope hea ing (o cooling).
How do you echnologies impac on he en i onmen al a ge s o DHNs? Please desc ibe he main
esul s in e ms o emissions, sa ings, e c.
De ails will explain om he pilo owne based on he es campaign. The S o age use “su plus hea ”
o s o e i , and elease when i is needed o he e is a peak om he DHN.
How do you echnologies impac DHNs inancially and in e ms o business plans? Please desc ibe
he main ad an ages and disad an ages ela ed o he deploymen o you echnologies in DHNs
om a inancial poin o iew.
I can wo k as a chille ( educe emission and elec ical needs om he ne ) because i uns hanks o
hea sou ce ins ead o elec ici y as he s anda d elec ical chille . I is a s o age, and i can educe
he uel expenses, because s o e he hea /cold when he e a e oo much a ailabili y and elease
when he e is a peak. O ins ead o bu ning o he uel o co e he cu e o demand.
Disad an ages, because o he ea ly s age i will be expensi e i compa ed wi h adi ional
echnology.
9. Please p o ide any o he use ul in o ma ion abou he causes, he e ec s, and he impac s o
you echnologies which a e no co e ed by p e ious ques ions, such as main issues,
di icul ies, o bene i s.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 40
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 1: So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – SOR (CNR)
Fu he es and long unning wo k will gi e a be e o e iew ela ed o he lexibili y o he
echnologies and adap abili y in di e en wo king condi ions and RES.
Please e e o esul s in he Deli e able ha will be made by IMP a p ojec ’s end.
ER 4: Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – RANO
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 4: Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – RANO
Which echnologies o DHNs a e you de eloping in he HYPERGRYD p ojec ? Please lis all o he
ele an ones and p o ide hei name and a b ie desc ip ion o he main de ails and in o ma ion.
Mul i uel CHP (Combined Hea and Powe ).
Which a e he main posi i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? In e ms o imp o emen s o
o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and he ne wo k.
The local CHP o e peak sha ing, he DHN doesn’ ha e o ollow he hea luc ua ing.
Which a e he main nega i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? Please lis and desc ibe hem
in e ms o c i icali ies o o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and
he ne wo k.
I he end use is owning he CHP and p oduce elec ici y and hea i sel , he p o i o he DHN could
be educed when he CHP make he use less dependen om DHN. This is caused by he di icul ies
in ading wi h DHN companies and he di icul ies o in eg a e hea le els (DHN owne s make CHP
owne s pay o peak load).
Which a e he main de elopmen p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
The main p oblems a e p obably o ind a business ag eemen wi h he DHN ha bene i bo h pa ies.
Di icul o ha e business ag eemen s because CHP’s owne s do no ha e a ce ain amoun o ene gy
o be aded: ag eemen s a e o mula ed o ensu e he co e o he peak demand.
Mo eo e , luc ua ions and peaks caused by RES and o he enewable sou ces. Connec ing o he
g id could be e y expensi e due o dedica ed subs a ions.
Then, o he p oblems could be echnical in e ace, bo h ha dwa e and so wa e.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 41
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 4: Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – RANO
Which a e he main implemen a ion p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
See answe s abo e.
How do you echnologies wo k in a dis ibu ed gene a ion DHN? A e hey a ec ed by he
in eg a ion wi h low hea sou ces? Please desc ibe which a e he main obs acles, impac s, and
(possible) mi iga ion ac ions.
Yes, low hea sou ces bene i ou CHP uni because we ge highe elec ic e iciency wi h a lowe hea
sink.
They a e discussing abou he in eg a ion and he connec ion wi h DHNs bu no esul s o now.
How do you echnologies impac on he en i onmen al a ge s o DHNs? Please desc ibe he main
esul s in e ms o emissions, sa ings, e c.
The en i onmen al ad an ages a e ela ed o he uel used in he CHP. Hyd ogen will o e low
emissions. The CHP is also silen and hence low noise emissions is a eali y.
How do you echnologies impac DHNs inancially and in e ms o business plans? Please desc ibe
he main ad an ages and disad an ages ela ed o he deploymen o you echnologies in DHNs
om a inancial poin o iew.
The owne (DHN o a eal es a e owne ) o he CHP sys em will ge highe elec ic e iciency when
he dis ic hea is a lowe empe a u e, in analogy wi h elec ic ne wo ks (peak sha ing).
Please p o ide any o he use ul in o ma ion abou he causes, he e ec s, and he impac s o you
echnologies which a e no co e ed by p e ious ques ions, such as main issues, di icul ies, o
bene i s.
We a e p obably no awa e abou di icul ies ha can eme ge when we a e going o in eg a e he
CHP uni o DHN business possibili ies and possible egula ions ha causes p oblem.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 48
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER8: Exe goeconomic op imiza ion ool o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion o DHC – GET
olde in as uc u e o accommoda e 4 h o 5 h gene a ion echnologies may incu high ini ial
in es men cos s.
Which a e he main de elopmen p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
One o he main challenges in he de elopmen phase is he a ailabili y and quali y o da a om
exis ing DHNs, pa icula ly o olde ne wo ks. Inconsis en o incomple e his o ical da a makes i
di icul o simula e and op imize ne wo k pe o mance. Ano he issue is he in eg a ion o
enewable ene gy sou ces in o he sys em, as hei a ailabili y o en luc ua es. Addi ionally,
ensu ing compa ibili y be ween di e en so wa e componen s and da a o ma s is an ongoing
conce n in he de elopmen o he Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool.
Which a e he main implemen a ion p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
The in eg a ion o low- empe a u e hea sou ces and decen alized hea p oduce s in o DHNs
p esen s se e al challenges. Va ia ions in local p essu e g adien s can cause ope a ional
ine iciencies, especially in olde ne wo ks. Hea losses and leaks emain a signi ican p oblem,
pa icula ly in poo ly insula ed pipelines. Fu he mo e, he p ac ical placemen o new componen s
like bo ehole s o ages o pumps may be limi ed by geog aphic and u ban cons ain s, equi ing
ca e ul manual adjus men s in he ool.
How do you echnologies wo k in a dis ibu ed gene a ion DHN? A e hey a ec ed by he
in eg a ion wi h low hea sou ces? Please desc ibe which a e he main obs acles, impac s, and
(possible) mi iga ion ac ions.
In dis ibu ed gene a ion DHNs, he Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool suppo s he in eg a ion o
low- empe a u e sou ces such as was e hea and hea pumps. Howe e , he e iciency o such
in eg a ions depends on p ecise empe a u e con ol and low a e managemen . Issues such as
di e en ial p essu e luc ua ions and misma ched empe a u e le els can complica e ope a ions.
Mi iga ion measu es include he use o da a o dynamic adjus men s and ad anced con ol
algo i hms o ha monize supply and demand.
The op imiza ion ool wo ks wi h echnologies such as he CHP om RANO and he hea pump om
OCHS on he planning phase (no eal- ime, no senso s, no ope a ional phase up o now, p obably in
he u u e).

D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 49
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER8: Exe goeconomic op imiza ion ool o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion o DHC – GET
Implemen a ion is no a ec ed by exis ing DHN since he ool is based on his o ical da a and he
calcula ion a e done in an o line mode.
Abou egula ions, GET does no know i he e a e egula ions a EU le el.
The ool can calcula e was e hea used and hea pump wo king. Fo example, on indus ial si e, wi h
was e hea a 40 °C, hei ool can calcula e he amoun o use hea pump and pu hea a 60-65 °C
o be pu in he DHN. So, he ools helps in he in eg a ion o low hea sou ces because gi es he
empe a u e o was e hea ( he ool checks he di e ence be ween his and he empe a u e ha
DHN needs).
Abou da a:
• The ool only needs his o ical da a and he s a e o he g id o hei calcula ions.
• In eg a ion migh be no e y di icul because now hey don' need senso s o IoT de ices.
• Maybe in he u u e hey will imp o e he ool o he eal- ime op imiza ion.
How do you echnologies impac on he en i onmen al a ge s o DHNs? Please desc ibe he main
esul s in e ms o emissions, sa ings, e c.
The echnologies de eloped in HYPERGRYD align wi h en i onmen al a ge s by educing g eenhouse
gas emissions and imp o ing ene gy e iciency. By op imizing empe a u e le els and educing hea
losses, he Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool minimizes he exe gy equi ed o hea ing, leading o
lowe emissions. Addi ionally, he in eg a ion o enewable ene gy sou ces and was e hea
con ibu es o a subs an ial educ ion in he ca bon oo p in o DHNs.
How do you echnologies impac DHNs inancially and in e ms o business plans? Please desc ibe
he main ad an ages and disad an ages ela ed o he deploymen o you echnologies in DHNs
om a inancial poin o iew.
F om a inancial pe spec i e, hese echnologies can educe ope a ional expenses by op imizing
pump ene gy consump ion and minimizing hea losses. The suppo o lexible elec ici y a i s
enables cos -e ec i e hea gene a ion, especially du ing low elec ici y p ice pe iods, e.g. a using
hea pumps. Howe e , he ini ial capi al expendi u e o upg ading olde g ids and ins alling new
senso s and con ol sys ems can be signi ican . The ool also o e s economic insigh s, helping
decision-make s plan in es men s and ope a ional s a egies e ec i ely.
Please p o ide any o he use ul in o ma ion abou he causes, he e ec s, and he impac s o you
echnologies which a e no co e ed by p e ious ques ions, such as main issues, di icul ies, o
bene i s.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 50
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER8: Exe goeconomic op imiza ion ool o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion o DHC – GET
The Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool is o e ed exclusi ely as a se ice a he han s andalone
so wa e, allowing us o ocus on deli e ing ailo ed solu ions o cus ome s. This app oach ensu es
ha use s bene i om ou expe ise in op imizing DHC sys ems wi hou he need o in-house
echnical capabili ies. By handling he ope a ional and echnical complexi ies ou sel es, we minimize
e o s and maximize sys em e iciency. O e ing he ool as a se ice also keeps cos s low o
cus ome s, as hey a oid high ini ial in es men s in so wa e o aining. This se ice-based model
allows us o p o ide eal- ime adjus men s, p ecise op imiza ions, and seamless in eg a ion o
enewable ene gy sou ces, ul ima ely enhancing he economic and en i onmen al pe o mance o
DHNs.
ER 7: SAIn - Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems – ENCO
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 7: SAIn - Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems – ENCO
Which echnologies o DHNs a e you de eloping in he HYPERGRYD p ojec ? Please lis all o he
ele an ones and p o ide hei name and a b ie desc ip ion o he main de ails and in o ma ion.
So wa e pla o m “Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems” (SAIn ): an in eg a ed and use -
iendly so wa e modelling pla o m de eloped by encoo d GmbH (h ps://encoo d.com) ha
enables coo dina ion ac oss planning p ocesses, helping sys ems planne s and ene gy manage s
na iga e he ene gy ansi ion. SAIn execu es op imiza ion models o sys em expansion,
ope a ions, and ma ke s, along wi h physical simula ions o elec ic, gas, and he mal ne wo ks, all
in one modelling en i onmen wi h a single and consis en da a s uc u e. Thanks o he ac i i ies
ca ied ou in he HYPERGRYD p ojec , which is suppo ed by he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020
p og amme, SAIn has expanded i s unc ionali ies o model dis ic hea ing ne wo ks physically and
o pe o m combined and in eg a ed simula ions wi h elec ic o na u al gas sys ems.
Which a e he main posi i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? In e ms o imp o emen s o
o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and he ne wo k.
As a planning and simula ion ool, SAIn allows o model DHNs and o assess echnical choices on
pipeline sizing, geome ic layou s, ne wo k losses o ne wo k managemen op ions o di e en load
demand scena ios. The in eg a ion wi h he p oduc ion cos module allows o assessing he
economic implica ions o di e en supply al e na i es and o dispa ching schemes. The possibili y o
easily modi ying he model (by ex ending he ne wo k wi h new lines, use s o supply poin s) allows
he assessmen o u u e de elopmen plans. The possibili y o linking he he mal ne wo k o models
o he gas ne wo k o o he elec ic dis ibu ion ne wo k allows o a be e -in eg a ed planning
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 51
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 7: SAIn - Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems – ENCO
assessmen and a mo e obus simula ion, which akes in o conside a ion he eedback and loops
among ene gy sys ems (possibly ope a ed by he same company).
Which a e he main nega i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? Please lis and desc ibe hem
in e ms o c i icali ies o o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and
he ne wo k.
As wi h any o he echnical so wa e ool, SAIn equi es a p ope ly ained use and a ew mon hs
o lea ning-by-doing o be applied e ec i ely o a speci ic p oblem.
Which a e he main de elopmen p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
• Da a exchange (p ima ily impo ) o da a/models om o he echnical so wa e.
• Iden i ica ion o unc ionali ies o be in eg a ed in o he modelling pla o m. Fo example,
he deg ee o sophis ica ion in modelling a hea pump, ype o p ope ies, and ype o
ou pu s.
• Design o he a chi ec u e o he p og am, which is also a ec ed by he ype o language
selec ed.
• Cla i y in he design o he unc ionali ies. The concep o “use - iendly” is e y much
dependen on he ype o use .
• A ailabili y o e e ence me hodologies (e.g., s anda ds) o he compu a ion o he mal-
ela ed p ope ies.
Which a e he main implemen a ion p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
Because his is a so wa e ool, p oblems ela ed o he implemen a ions a e ei he ela ed o he
echnical choices o he p og amming language used o o he a chi ec u al choices made du ing he
coding phase.
In pa icula , a p oblem aced is he pe o mance o he sol e , which is de e mined no only by he
size o he ne wo k and he numbe o modelled objec s bu also by he ma hema ical complexi y o
he p oblem and he sol ing algo i hm. This aspec ela es o he se o choices o using he CPU o
sol e he p oblem o delega e he calcula ions o he g aphic ca d.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 52
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 7: SAIn - Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems – ENCO
How do you echnologies wo k in a dis ibu ed gene a ion DHN? A e hey a ec ed by he
in eg a ion wi h low hea sou ces? Please desc ibe which a e he main obs acles, impac s, and
(possible) mi iga ion ac ions.
SAIn is no a ec ed by he ype o ne wo k as i o e s a lexible modelling scheme which allows o
encompass all exis ing and nex gene a ions o DHN.
How do you echnologies impac on he en i onmen al a ge s o DHNs? Please desc ibe he main
esul s in e ms o emissions, sa ings, e c.
The p oduc ion cos module o SAIn would allow o inco po a e in a he mal simula ion o a DHN
en i onmen al aspec s linked o he emissions o di e en gene a ion echnologies.
The he mal module allows he es ima e o losses on bo h he cold and ho ci cui s, along wi h
conside ing e iciency in a gene a ion.
How do you echnologies impac DHNs inancially and in e ms o business plans? Please desc ibe
he main ad an ages and disad an ages ela ed o he deploymen o you echnologies in DHNs
om a inancial poin o iew.
SAIn could be used o plan ne wo k expansions, eno a ion plans, o managemen s a egies (supply
op imiza ion in mul i-supply poin ne wo ks, luid empe a u e, hyd aulic low op imiza ion) unde
di e en load scena ios.
SAIn would suppo he ealiza ion o a cos /bene i analysis o expansion al e na i es o
managemen al e na i es, possible op imiza ion o uel us/expenses, educ ion o ope a ion cos s,
and assessmen o unse ed ene gy in case o sys em ailu e o pipeline dis up ions.
Please p o ide any o he use ul in o ma ion abou he causes, he e ec s, and he impac s o you
echnologies which a e no co e ed by p e ious ques ions, such as main issues, di icul ies, o
bene i s.
One key selling poin o ou clien s is he possibili y o ca ying ou in eg a ed planning (i.e.,
conside ing he in e ac ion and eedback wi h o he ene gy ne wo ks).
Ano he bene i ou clien s alue is he ex en and quali y o he documen a ion and u o ial
accompanying he so wa e. Such esou ces speed up he lea ning and use o he so wa e
subs an ially.
D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 53
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ER 9 & ER 10 – GSY
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 9: G id Singula i y simula ion ool enhancemen ( he mal digi al wins) – GSY
ER 10: So wa e enhancemen s o open-sou ce G id Singula i y Exchange ( he mal digi al wins
in eg a ion) – GSY
Which echnologies o DHNs a e you de eloping in he HYPERGRYD p ojec ? Please lis all o he
ele an ones and p o ide hei name and a b ie desc ip ion o he main de ails and in o ma ion.
G id Singula i y Exchange, ool s ack de eloped by GSY unde GPL .3 licence, and he applica ion
using his backend code, Singula i y Map (also e med GSY Local Ene gy Ma ke Simula ion Tool) ha e
bo h been enhanced in he amewo k o he HYPERGRYD p ojec wi h digi al wins o he hea pump
and he dis ic hea ing (modelled as a i ual hea pump) o assess sec o coupling in ene gy
communi ies, including po en ial eplacemen o DHN wi h hea pumps.
Which a e he main posi i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? In e ms o imp o emen s o
o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and he ne wo k.
We ha e demons a ed ha ac i a ing local pee - o-pee ading has impo an economic and
en i onmen al bene i s, while eplacemen o DHN wi h hea pumps may be easible only i he
hea ing p ice ises compa ed o he elec ici y p ice. GSY simula ion ool can also now accoun o
sec o coupling in simula ing mos op imal con igu a ions o ene gy communi ies, enabling ene gy
ci izens and ene gy communi y leade s o make mo e in o med decisions.
Please e e o D3.6 o mo e de ails abou he digi al solu ions de eloped by GSY du ing HYPERGRYD
p ojec .
Which a e he main nega i e impac s o you echnologies on DHNs? Please lis and desc ibe hem
in e ms o c i icali ies o o he aspec s which a e ele an o he e ec i eness o he echnology and
he ne wo k.
As o oday, no nega i e impac s a e known.
Which a e he main de elopmen p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.
Scaling o pee - o-pee ading equi es complex p og amming and le e aging no el blockchain
echnology, which is why i has been o e all a long and cos ly de elopmen .
Which a e he main implemen a ion p oblems ha you a e acing o ? Please lis and desc ibe which
a e he main obse able impac s and he (possible) causes on echnological and ne wo k
pe o mances.

D7.6 – Sma Hyb id G ids Technology Road-Mapping 54
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ROAD-MAPPING QUESTIONNAIRE:
ER 9: G id Singula i y simula ion ool enhancemen ( he mal digi al wins) – GSY
ER 10: So wa e enhancemen s o open-sou ce G id Singula i y Exchange ( he mal digi al wins
in eg a ion) – GSY
Implemen a ion o ad anced ools o local ene gy ading is challenged by low a ailabili y and
g anula i y o da a and di icul ies in da a in eg a ion, as well as bu eauc acy in ol ed wi h se ing
up ene gy communi ies and limi ed business models cu en ly allowed in EU membe s a es.
As an example om he EU di ec i e, ading among communi ies is possible, bu he local
egula ions and local ma ke s a e limi ing hese business models.
How do you echnologies wo k in a dis ibu ed gene a ion DHN? A e hey a ec ed by he
in eg a ion wi h low hea sou ces? Please desc ibe which a e he main obs acles, impac s, and
(possible) mi iga ion ac ions.
No p oblems iden i ied a he momen abou he in eg a ion wi h low hea sou ces.
How do you echnologies impac on he en i onmen al a ge s o DHNs? Please desc ibe he main
esul s in e ms o emissions, sa ings, e c.
We ha e demons a ed impo an inc eases in sel -consump ion and sel -su iciency a es and
economic sa ings wi h ac i a ion o pee - o-pee ading.
How do you echnologies impac DHNs inancially and in e ms o business plans? Please desc ibe
he main ad an ages and disad an ages ela ed o he deploymen o you echnologies in DHNs
om a inancial poin o iew.
GSY ools le e age enewable and lexible asse s and educe he need o DHN.
Please p o ide any o he use ul in o ma ion abou he causes, he e ec s, and he impac s o you
echnologies which a e no co e ed by p e ious ques ions, such as main issues, di icul ies, o
bene i s.
No applicable.