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UDC: 633.15:577.175
PURIN ASOSIDAGI BIOFAOL BIRIKMALARNING MAKKAJO‘XORI
O‘SISHIGA VA DON HOSILDORLIGIGA TA’SIRI HAMDA SELEKSION
AFZALLIKLARINI BAHOLASH
Toshpo’la o a Aziza Olimjon qizi., Mi aliye Zoid Zohido ich
Tashken s a e ag a ian uni e si y, Tashken
Email: [email p o ec ed]
Ib aximo a Oybibi Maqsud qizi
Ka akalpaks an ins i u e o ag icul u e and ag o echnology
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17536680
Abs ac : This s udy in es iga es he in luence o bioac i e compounds based on pu ine
de i a i es on he g ow h, de elopmen , and g ain p oduc i i y o maize (Zea mays L.).
Expe imen al esul s showed ha he applica ion o pu ine-based compounds in op imal
concen a ions signi ican ly s imula ed seed ge mina ion, imp o ed chlo ophyll syn hesis, and
enhanced pho osyn he ic ac i i y. Mo eo e , ea ed maize plan s exhibi ed be e esis ance o
abio ic s ess ac o s such as d ough and empe a u e luc ua ions. G ain yield inc eased by
12–18% compa ed o he con ol, con i ming he g ow h-p omo ing and adap i e po en ial o
pu ine de i a i es. The indings sugges ha hese bioac i e compounds can be e ec i ely used
in maize b eeding p og ams o de elop high-yielding, s ess- esis an cul i a s sui able o
sus ainable ag icul u e.
Key wo ds: pu ine de i a i es, maize, bioac i e compounds, g ow h s imula ion,
p oduc i i y, selec ion, adap a ion.
In oduc ion. In mode n ag icul u e, one o he mos impo an di ec ions is
he de elopmen o biologically ac i e subs ances ha can egula e plan g ow h,
imp o e p oduc i i y, and enhance esis ance o en i onmen al s ess ac o s.
Among such compounds, pu ine-based de i a i es a e o pa icula in e es due o
hei close s uc u al ela ionship wi h na u al plan g ow h egula o s such as
cy okinins, adenine, and guanine. These ni ogen-con aining he e ocyclic
compounds play a c ucial ole in a ious biochemical and physiological p ocesses,
including cell di ision, nucleic acid syn hesis, and enzyma ic ac i i y egula ion.
Recen s udies ha e shown ha syn he ic pu ine de i a i es can exhibi high
biological ac i i y, p omo ing seed ge mina ion, oo de elopmen , and chlo ophyll
o ma ion, he eby imp o ing plan adap abili y o un a o able condi ions[1-5].
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one o he wo ld’s mos impo an ce eal c ops and
se es as a i al sou ce o ood, eed, and indus ial aw ma e ials. In Uzbekis an,
maize cul i a ion is expanding, bu i s p oduc i i y is o en limi ed by abio ic
s esses such as d ough , salini y, and nu ien de iciency. These challenges
necessi a e he de elopmen o inno a i e and en i onmen ally sa e me hods o
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imp o ing plan g ow h and yield po en ial. One p omising app oach is he use o
pu ine-based bioac i e compounds ha can ac as plan g ow h s imula o s and
p o ec i e agen s agains en i onmen al s ess.
The applica ion o pu ine de i a i es in plan g ow h egula ion is based on
hei abili y o in luence cellula me abolism. Fo ins ance, compounds such as 6-
benzylaminopu ine (BAP), adenine, and hei halogena ed o alkyla ed analogues
ha e been widely s udied o hei cy okinin-like ac i i y. These molecules
pa icipa e in he egula ion o pho osyn he ic pigmen s, p o ein me abolism, and
ho monal balance in plan s. Fu he mo e, hey can modula e an ioxidan enzyme
ac i i y, which is c ucial o p o ec ing plan s agains oxida i e s ess induced by
d ough and empe a u e luc ua ions.
In maize b eeding and cul i a ion, he use o pu ine-based compounds can
ha e se e al ad an ages. Fi s ly, hey can accele a e he ea ly s ages o seedling
de elopmen , leading o uni o m plan eme gence. Secondly, hey can inc ease
chlo ophyll con en and imp o e pho osyn he ic e iciency, which ul ima ely
enhances biomass accumula ion. Thi dly, he applica ion o such compounds
con ibu es o be e nu ien up ake, pa icula ly ni ogen and phospho us, which
a e essen ial o high g ain yield o ma ion. Finally, pu ine de i a i es may se e
as aluable ools in he selec ion o s ess- ole an and high-yielding maize
geno ypes.
The p esen s udy was conduc ed o assess he e ec s o selec ed pu ine-based
bioac i e compounds on he g ow h, physiological pa ame e s, and g ain
p oduc i i y o maize unde ield condi ions. The main objec i es we e:
1. To e alua e he in luence o pu ine de i a i es on seed ge mina ion
and ea ly plan de elopmen .
2. To de e mine hei impac on chlo ophyll syn hesis and pho osyn he ic
ac i i y.
3. To analyze changes in g ow h dynamics and g ain yield.
4. To iden i y selec ion ad an ages and po en ial applica ions in maize
b eeding p og ams.
The s udy con ibu es o he ongoing e o s o enhance c op p oduc i i y
h ough eco- iendly and scien i ically g ounded app oaches. The ob ained esul s
a e expec ed o suppo he de elopmen o pu ine-based bios imulan s o
sus ainable maize p oduc ion, pa icula ly in egions a ec ed by abio ic s ess
condi ions such as Uzbekis an.
Table 1. Mo phological pa ame e s o maize unde he in luence o pu ine-
based bioac i e compounds
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T ea men a ian
A e age
plan
heigh
(cm)
Roo leng h
(cm)
Numbe
o lea es
G ain yield
(g/plan )
Inc ease
compa ed
o con ol
(%)
Con ol (no ea men )
112 ± 2.4
21.6 ± 0.8
11
135 ± 4.2
—
6-Benzylaminopu ine
(0.01%)
125 ± 2.8
26.4 ± 0.9
13
152 ± 5.0
12.6
Adenine de i a i e
(0.02%)
128 ± 2.5
27.1 ± 1.0
13
156 ± 4.8
15.5
2-Me hylaminopu ine
(0.03%)
132 ± 3.0
28.3 ± 0.7
14
160 ± 4.5
18.1
Conclusions. The conduc ed esea ch p o ed ha pu ine-based bioac i e
compounds ha e a signi ican posi i e impac on he g ow h, physiological
de elopmen , and g ain p oduc i i y o maize (Zea mays L.). Expe imen al da a
e ealed ha he use o 2-me hylaminopu ine and 6-benzylaminopu ine led o a
no iceable inc ease in plan heigh , s onge oo de elopmen , and highe
chlo ophyll con en compa ed o he con ol plan s. The applica ion o pu ine
de i a i es inc eased maize g ain yield by 12–18%, con i ming hei po en ial as
e ec i e and eco- iendly plan g ow h egula o s.
Mo eo e , physiological obse a ions showed ha pu ine compounds
enhance pho osyn he ic ac i i y, imp o e nu ien up ake, and inc ease plan
ole ance o abio ic s ess ac o s such as d ough and nu ien de iciency. These
e ec s make pu ine-based subs ances highly aluable o in eg a ion in o maize
b eeding and selec ion p og ams, as hey can se e as eliable ools o iden i ying
s ess- ole an and high-yielding geno ypes.
F om an en i onmen al pe spec i e, pu ine de i a i es a e non- oxic,
biodeg adable, and ecologically sa e, which ensu es hei sui abili y o sus ainable
ag icul u al sys ems. In conclusion, he s udy ecommends he u he use o
pu ine-based compounds in maize cul i a ion o p omo e highe yields and
imp o ed s ess adap a ion, while also sugges ing addi ional esea ch o op imize
applica ion doses and unde s and hei biochemical mechanisms o ac ion in c op
plan s.
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