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УДК: 633.587.30 WAYASS TO INCREE SOIL FERTILITY
Ku limu a o a Dil uza Bal abae na,
Ins i u e o ag icul u al and ag o echnologies o Кa akalpaks an
Shnibae Tu sinbay, Reyimbae a Aqma al, Uzaqbe geno a Meh iban,
Imala dino a Umida,
3 d yea Ag onomy
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17537212
Anno a ion. In he saline lands o he Republic o Ka akalpaks an, c op o a ion is he
main biological means o inc ease c op yields, p ese e and ep oduce soil e ili y. A he same
ime, al al a and he applica ion o o ganic e ilize s mus be included in c op o a ions.
Keywo ds: c op o a ions, co on, yield, o ganic e ilize , e ili y.
Аннотация. На засоленных землях Республики Каракалпакстан для повышения
урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур, сохранения и воспроизводства плодородия
почвы севообороты является основным биологическим средством. При этом необходимо
включить в севообороты люцерну и внесение органических удобрений.
Ключевые слова: севообороты, хлопчатник, урожайность, органическое удоберние,
плодородие
In oduc ion. In ecen yea s, he ex eme condi ions caused by he d ying o
he A al Sea ha e con ibu ed o he o ma ion o sal and dus dese s. Wi h he
wind, hey a e ans e ed o popula ed a eas and i iga ed a eas whe e c ops a e
cul i a ed (annually om 0.6 o 7.0 ons pe hec a e). The sal and dus ae osols
ha ha e allen ha e a nega i e e ec on soil e ili y. Wi hou his, he i iga ed
soils o he A al Sea egion a e conside ed low- e ile. The lack o c op o a ion
has led o a dec ease in soil e ili y and c op yields. As a esul o all hese
nega i e ac o s, soil e ili y is dec easing annually.
Resea ch me hodology. The ield me hod has been adop ed o conduc ing
esea ch.
Cu en ly, he emo al o nu ien s om he ields wi h he ha es
signi ican ly exceeds hei e u n amoun . As a esul , i iga ed soils we e se e ely
deple ed, hei physico-chemical p ope ies de e io a ed sha ply, and he o e all
ecological balance was dis up ed. The e o e, one o he p ima y asks o scien i ic
ins i u ions is o de elop measu es o inc ease he p oduc i i y o cul i a ed c ops
o he le els ha ensu e he planned yields wi h he ep oduc ion o soil e ili y.
The o ganic ma e o he soil is in cons an mo ion. In na u al sel - egula ing soil,
whe e he e is no aliena ion o plan p oduc s, he e is a cons an accumula ion o
humus. As i s con en inc eases, i s losses in me abolic p ocesses inc ease.
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An equilib ium is es ablished a a ce ain le el co esponding o he speci ic
condi ions o he zone. I he law o “ e u n” is no obse ed, he nu ien s eleased
du ing he decomposi ion o humus a e emo ed wi h he ha es , while soil
deple ion in a iably occu s and c op yields dec ease.
I is known ha he en i e i iga ed land und o he Republic o
Ka akalpaks an is ep esen ed by saline soils. In o de o ob ain high yields o
co on and o he c ops on saline lands, i is necessa y o emo e ha m ul sal s om
he soil, he main measu e is he washing o saline lands agains he backg ound o
collec o and d ainage ne wo ks.
Long- e m esea ch has p o ed ha c op o a ion is a necessa y measu e o
he ag icul u al sys em in inc easing soil e ili y and high-pe o mance use o
i iga ed land.
C op o a ions in condi ions o i iga ed ag icul u e a e impo an , which a e
as ollows:
- he main sou ces o inc eased c op yields and in ensi ica ion o he a ming
sys em;
- he bes means o p ese ing, es o ing and ep oducing soil e ili y by
en iching hem wi h o ganic ma e ;
-a powe ul biological ac o in c op weed con ol and soil p o ec ion om
o he nega i e phenomena.
I has been es ablished ha in case o a lack o o ganic e ilize s,
eplenishmen o he soil wi h humus due o plan esidues o cul i a ed c ops is a
e y impo an echnique. F om an economic poin o iew, plan esidues a e also
bene icial because hey do no equi e addi ional cos s, since hey a e al eady in he
soil. Ano he ad an age o plan esidues is ha hey a e mo e o less e enly
dis ibu ed in he soil.
C op o a ions on saline soils a e also signi ican because hey ha e a
eclama ion ole.
On melio a i ely a o able c op o a ion ields, cul i a ed c ops show hei
po en ial, and a he same ime soil e ili y inc eases.
Conclusions. The saline lands o he lowe eaches o he Amu Da ya ha e
hei own speci ic ea u es. They di e om he soils o o he zones o Uzbekis an
in ha hey ha e a low humus con en (0.4-0.8%), a e compac ed, and a e
cons an ly subjec ed o seconda y saliniza ion due o he p oximi y o g oundwa e
(1-3 m). The e o e, in o de o ep oduce soil e ili y, al al a and o ganic e ilize s
mus be included in c op o a ions.
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Li e a u e:
1. Ismailo U.E. «Scien i ic ounda ions o inc easing soil e ili y». Nukus. Bilim. 2004
2. Ismailo U.E., Sadiko E., Saipnaza o D. «The e ec o sho - o a ion c op o a ions on
he wa e -physical p ope ies o he soil». Bulle in o Ag icul u al Science o Uzbekis an.
2017 No. 2
