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UDC: 581.1:577.15:633.358
SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF HIGHLY BIOACTIVE AMINOPURINE
DERIVATIVES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO HALOPHYTIC AND
AGRICULTURAL PLANTS USING HYDROGEL TECHNOLOGY
Pi niyazo a Gulsanem Adilbay qizi
Tashken Scien i ic Resea ch Ins i u e o Chemis y and Technology, Uzbekis an
Sai kulo Foziljon E gashe ich
Tashken s a e ag a ian uni e si y, Tashken
Email: [email p o ec ed]
Baki o a Miyi gu’l Bekmu za qizi., Tu imbe o Mu a bay Shamshe o ich
Ka akalpaks an ins i u e o ag icul u e and ag o echnology
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17537285
Abs ac : This s udy ocuses on he selec i e syn hesis o highly bioac i e aminopu ine
de i a i es and hei p ac ical applica ion o halophy ic and ag icul u al plan s using hyd ogel
echnology. Aminopu ine compounds, known o hei cy okinin-like ac i i y, we e modi ied o
enhance s abili y, solubili y, and in e ac ion wi h plan cell ecep o s. The syn hesized
de i a i es we e inco po a ed in o hyd ogels designed o ac as slow- elease sys ems o
deli e ing bioac i e subs ances di ec ly o he oo zone. Physicochemical cha ac e iza ion
con i med he s uc u al in eg i y and swelling beha io o he modi ied hyd ogels. Field and
labo a o y expe imen s on halophy ic species (Haloxylon aphyllum) and c op plan s
demons a ed imp o ed seed ge mina ion, chlo ophyll syn hesis, and d ough ole ance. The
esul s highligh he po en ial o aminopu ine-based hyd ogels as mul i unc ional ma e ials o
enhancing plan p oduc i i y and ecological sus ainabili y unde salini y and a id s ess
condi ions.
Keywo ds: aminopu ine de i a i es, hyd ogel, cy okinin ac i i y, halophy es, ag icul u al
plan s, d ough ole ance, plan g ow h egula ion
In oduc ion. Aminopu ine de i a i es a e among he mos p omising classes
o ni ogen-con aining he e ocyclic compounds ha play an essen ial ole in
egula ing plan g ow h and de elopmen . These compounds belong o he amily
o pu ine de i a i es, s uc u ally ela ed o adenine and o he na u al cy okinins.
They a e known o p omo e cell di ision, s imula e chlo ophyll biosyn hesis, and
enhance nu ien up ake and pho osyn he ic e iciency. Because o hei biological
simila i y o plan ho mones, aminopu ines ha e a ac ed conside able a en ion in
plan physiology, bio echnology, and sus ainable ag icul u e. In ecen decades, he
modi ica ion o aminopu ine molecules has opened new oppo uni ies o ob aining
de i a i es wi h imp o ed s abili y, solubili y, and bioa ailabili y unde a ious
en i onmen al condi ions.
In a id and semi-a id egions, such as he Cen al Asian dese s, ag icul u al
p oduc i i y is se e ely limi ed by wa e sca ci y, soil saliniza ion, and high
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empe a u e s ess. These en i onmen al challenges demand inno a i e
echnologies o imp o e he esilience and p oduc i i y o plan s. The use o
bioac i e hyd ogels ep esen s one o he mos e ec i e mode n app oaches o
o e coming hese cons ain s. Hyd ogels a e c osslinked polyme ic ne wo ks
capable o abso bing and e aining la ge amoun s o wa e while main aining
s uc u al in eg i y. When inco po a ed in o he soil, hyd ogels se e as mois u e
ese oi s, ensu ing he g adual elease o wa e and nu ien s o plan oo s. The
in oduc ion o biologically ac i e compounds in o hyd ogels enables con olled
and p olonged deli e y o plan g ow h egula o s di ec ly o he hizosphe e.
6-Aminopu ine, also known as adenine, se es as a undamen al molecule o
he syn hesis o many plan g ow h egula o s. I s de i a i es, such as 6-
benzylaminopu ine, kine in, and 2-me hylaminopu ine, exhibi high cy okinin-like
ac i i y, s imula ing plan g ow h e en unde un a o able en i onmen al
condi ions. Howe e , hei p ac ical applica ion is limi ed by apid deg ada ion,
poo solubili y, and loss o ac i i y due o pho ochemical and enzyma ic
decomposi ion. To o e come hese limi a ions, ecen esea ch has ocused on
modi ying he aminopu ine s uc u e h ough he in oduc ion o unc ional g oups
ha enhance chemical s abili y and acili a e in e ac ion wi h polyme ic ma ices.
The p esen esea ch aims o selec i ely syn hesize highly bioac i e
aminopu ine de i a i es and de elop an inno a i e sys em o hei applica ion o
halophy ic and ag icul u al plan s using hyd ogel echnology. This app oach
combines he ad an ages o o ganic syn hesis, polyme chemis y, and plan
bio echnology o c ea e an in eg a ed solu ion o sus ainable ag icul u e in a id
ecosys ems. The selec i e syn hesis in ol es con olled subs i u ion eac ions a
speci ic posi ions o he pu ine ing o ob ain de i a i es wi h imp o ed
hyd ophilici y and biological ac i i y. These de i a i es a e hen immobilized
wi hin hyd ogel ma ices, o ming bioac i e ma e ials capable o bo h wa e
e en ion and g adual elease o plan s imulan s [1-5]. Hyd ogels used in his
esea ch a e based on biocompa ible and biodeg adable polyme s, such as
polyac ylamide and sodium algina e, which a e u he modi ied o inc ease
swelling capaci y and ion-exchange abili y. The in e ac ion be ween he hyd ogel
and aminopu ine de i a i es ensu es slow and sus ained elease o he ac i e
componen s, main aining op imal concen a ions in he plan oo zone. Mo eo e ,
he hyd ogel ma ix p o ec s he bioac i e molecules om pho odeg ada ion and
oxida ion, hus p olonging hei physiological e ec i eness. Expe imen al s udies
ha e demons a ed ha he applica ion o 6-aminopu ine-modi ied hyd ogels
signi ican ly enhances he g ow h and su i al a e o halophy ic species such as
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Haloxylon aphyllum (saxaul) and a ious ag icul u al c ops, including whea ,
co on, and ba ley, cul i a ed unde saline and d ough -p one condi ions. T ea ed
plan s showed be e seed ge mina ion a es, imp o ed wa e e en ion capaci y,
highe chlo ophyll con en , and inc eased esis ance o oxida i e s ess. The esul s
indica e ha hese bioac i e hyd ogels can e ec i ely egula e he wa e –nu ien
balance and s imula e me abolic p ocesses essen ial o plan adap a ion. This
inno a i e echnology has g ea po en ial o use in phy omelio a ion— he
biological eclama ion o deg aded lands h ough he es ablishmen o ege a ion
co e . By combining he p inciples o g een chemis y and soil bio echnology,
aminopu ine-modi ied hyd ogels con ibu e no only o plan p oduc i i y bu also
o ecological es o a ion and dese ecosys em s abiliza ion. The selec i e syn hesis
o aminopu ine de i a i es p o ides an oppo uni y o ailo he molecula
p ope ies o g ow h egula o s acco ding o speci ic plan equi emen s, ensu ing
maximum biological e iciency.
In summa y, he in eg a ion o aminopu ine chemis y wi h hyd ogel-based
deli e y sys ems ep esen s a no el and sus ainable app oach o mode n
ag icul u e, especially o egions a ec ed by salini y and d ough . The s udy o
s uc u e–ac i i y ela ionships among aminopu ine de i a i es and hei
pe o mance in polyme ic ma ices will pa e he way o he de elopmen o nex -
gene a ion bioac i e ma e ials. These ma e ials will no only p omo e plan g ow h
and s ess ole ance bu also play an impo an ole in add essing global challenges
such as ood secu i y, dese i ica ion, and clima e esilience.
