1
Does Local Poli ics D i e T opical Land-Use Change?
P ope y-Le el E idence om he Amazon
E ik Ka o ich and Fanny Mo e e
The Economic Jou nal
Oc obe 2025
O e iew
The code in his eplica ion package cons uc s he analysis ile om 11 da a sou ces
(MapBiomas, CAR, Te al Legal, INCRA, TSE, IBAMA, FINBRA, PGU, Banco Cen al,
Census, Ipea) using S a a and R.
The mas e do- ile (MASTER_DOFILE.do) uns all o he do- iles equi ed o gene a e
he da a o eplica e he 81 igu es and 11 ables in he pape (main ex and
appendix). The eplica o should expec he code o un o abou 6 hou s.
Da a A ailabili y and P o enance S a emen s
S a emen abou Righ s
• I ce i y ha he au ho s o he manusc ip ha e legi ima e access o and
pe mission o use he da a used in his manusc ip .
• I ce i y ha he au ho s o he manusc ip ha e documen ed pe mission o
edis ibu e/publish some o he da a con ained wi hin his eplica ion package.
Please e e o Table 1 – Da ase s lis o de ails on which da ase s a e p o ided.
Da a A ailabili y S a a emen
• All da a a e publicly a ailable.
• Some da a canno be made publicly a ailable.
• No da a can be made publicly a ailable
Summa y o A ailabili y
As summa ized in Table 1 below, his pape uses a combina ion o publicly a ailable
and es ic ed da ase s. All publicly a ailable da a a e included in he Da a/Raw olde
o his eplica ion package.
Res ic ed da a on p ope y bounda ies wi h owne s’ pe sonal in o ma ion, as well
as da a on en i onmen al iola ions associa ed wi h speci ic p ope ies o p ope y
2
owne s, we e sha ed wi h he au ho s by he Gibbs Land Use and En i onmen Lab
(GLUE) a Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison. Ou da a use ag eemen wi h GLUE does
no allow us o make hese da a publicly a ailable. Fu he mo e, public sha ing o
hese da a is es ic ed unde B azilian law (Ins ução No ma i a nº 3/MMA o
Decembe 18 h, 2014, A icles 3 and 4).
We eques ed he ollowing da ase s om GLUE:
• IBAMA en i onmen al emba gos linked wi h landholde ID numbe s
(CPF/CNPJ), co e ing s a es in he B azilian Legal Amazon, om 2005-2020.
• P ope y bounda ies om he Cadas o Ambien al Ru al, Te a Legal, and
INCRA, including p ope y holde names and ID numbe s (CPF/CNPJ),
co e ing s a es in he B azilian Legal Amazon, in e sec ed wi h annual da a
om MapBiomas (Ve sion 5) o measu e land use in hec a es and land use
ansi ions a 30mx30m esolu ion on each p ope y be ween 2000-2020.
Access p ocedu es: Resea che s seeking o eplica e his analysis o pu sue ela ed
esea ch ques ions may con ac he GLUE Lab (h ps://gibbs-
lab.wisc.edu/index.h ml). Access eques s should include (1) a desc ip ion o he
esea ch p ojec and in ended use o he da a, (2) documen a ion o IRB app o al o
equi alen e hical e iew, i applicable, and (3) acknowledgemen o compliance wi h
ele an B azilian da a p o ec ion laws ega ding pe sonally iden i iable in o ma ion.
The da a in ol ed in his p ojec a e he esul o yea s o signi ican e o by he
GLUE Lab in collabo a ion wi h many pa ne ins i u ions and o ganiza ions in B azil.
The GLUE Lab e alua es da a eques s on a case-by-case basis and equi es a o mal
da a use ag eemen ha p ohibi s edis ibu ion and equi es secu e da a handling
p ac ices. App o al is no gua an eed, and he Lab's abili y o sha e da a depends on
ongoing ag eemen s wi h B azilian da a p o ide s and may be subjec o change.
No e on Pe sonal Iden i ie s
This eplica ion package con ains B azilian axpaye iden i ica ion numbe s (CPFs)
o poli ical candida es and campaign dono s. These iden i ie s se e as he essen ial
link be ween elec o al da a and land egis ies. The CPFs in his package a e his o ical
public eco ds collec ed om B azil's Supe io Elec o al Cou (T ibunal Supe io
Elei o al - TSE) p io o 2022. A he ime o da a collec ion, all candida es and dono s
knowingly consen ed o public disclosu e o his in o ma ion. A ecen B azilian
judicial uling has es ic ed publica ion o candida e CPFs o cu en and u u e
elec ions, and he TSE has emo ed candida e CPFs om hei da a anspa ency
pla o m. Howe e , we a e no awa e o any legal equi emen o e oac i e
emo al o his o ical candida e CPFs, and B azilian public da a eposi o ies con inue
o make candida e CPFs a ailable o esea ch pu poses.
3
Fo GDPR-Complian Resea che s:
We acknowledge ha he p esence o hese iden i ie s may c ea e adminis a i e
cons ain s o esea che s ope a ing unde Eu opean da a p o ec ion egula ions.
Howe e , gi en ha hese his o ical da a emain publicly a ailable in open
eposi o ies, we e ob ained wi h he in o med consen o public igu es, and a e
impo an o eplicabili y and anspa ency, we ha e op ed o e ain hem in his
package. This decision has been e iewed and app o ed by he jou nal's Da a Edi o .
Resea che s who canno use da a con aining hese iden i ie s may con ac he
co esponding au ho o discuss al e na i e a angemen s, such as access o a
edac ed e sion o he package.
4
Table 1 Da ase s lis
Da a
Sou ce
Yea s
Raw &
Analysis Le el
Da a - name
P o ided
De o es a ion &
Land Use
MapBiomas
2000-2019
P ope y
da ase _Pa 1_Ka o ich_and_Mo e e_2021_07_09. x
No
da ase _Pa 3_Ka o ich_and_Mo e e_2021_07_26. x
No
da ase _Pa 4_Ka o ich_and_Mo e e_2021_07_29_ e ised. x
No
da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_mapbiomas8p 0_ a iables.cs
No
da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_na eg_ o_ a m_ a s.cs
No
Municipali y
MapBiomas_T ansi ions.cs
Yes
Municipal_De o es a ion_2000_ o_2020_PRODES.cs
Yes
Land Regis ies
CAR
2011-2020
P ope y
da ase _Pa 1_Ka o ich_and_Mo e e_2021_07_09. x
da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_p ope yha.cs
da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_owne ids_ 2.cs
No
Te al Legal
2014-2017
P ope y
INCRA
2016-2020
P ope y
Elec ions
(Candida es)
TSE
2000-2016
Indi idual
Elec ions_Candida es.d a
Yes
Elec ions (Dono s)
TSE
2004-2016
Indi idual
Recei aCandida o_2004.CSV
Yes
Recei aComi ê_2004.CSV
Yes
ecei as_candida os_2008_b asil.cs
Yes
ecei as_comi es_2008_b asil.cs
Yes
ecei as_candida os_2012_b asil. x
Yes
ecei as_comi es_2012_b asil. x
Yes
ecei as_pa idos_2012_b asil. x
Yes
ecei as_candida os_p es acao_con as_ inal_2016_b asil. x
Yes
ecei as_pa idos_p es acao_con as_ inal_2016_b asil. x
Yes
Candida es_Dona ions_Municipali yLe el_wi hMunicCodes.d a
Yes
5
En i onmen al
Viola ions
IBAMA
2005-2020
P ope y
da ase _Pa 2_Ka o ich_and_Mo e e_2021_07_22. x
No
da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_emba go_ a iables.cs
No
Municipali y
da ase _Pa 6_Ka o ich_and_Mo e e_2022_01_31. x
No
Public Finances
FINBRA
SICONFI
2000-2020
Municipali y
municipio_despesas_ uncao.cs
Yes
PublicFinances_1998_2017.d a
Yes
Fede al Ma ching
G an s
PGU
1996-2022
Municipali y
20220204_Con enios.cs
Yes
Ru al C edi
Banco Cen al
2004-2017
Municipali y
c edi .d a
Yes
Municipali y
Cha ac e is ics
IBGE
2000-2021
Municipali y
Popula ion_Comple e_Panel.d a
Yes
municipal_popula ion_ o2021.cs
Yes
Ipea
2000
Census_IPEA_ o Me ging.d a
Yes
O he da ase s
IBGE
-
Municipali y
b azil_geog aphical_codes.d a
Yes
IBGE
-
Municipali y
Legal_Amazon_Pe cen age.cs
Yes
IBGE
-
Municipali y
AmazoniaLegal_Ma anhao.cs
Yes
Mo e e e al.
(2021)
-
Municipali y
Complemen a y da ase .d a
Yes
Region_Municipali y_Lis .d a
Yes
6
So wa e Requi emen s
• S a a SE ( e sion 18)
– All equi ed packages a e s o ed locally in 3- eplica ion-
package/Code/ado, unless o he wise no ed.
– g ools and col space equi e ins alla ion e e y ime om SSC.
– Csdid2 and csdid equi e mo ema a o be unins alled and eins alled
e e y ime, ollowed by ne ins all csdid and csdid2 om
“h ps:// aw.gi hubuse con en .com/ iosa ila/s packages/main”
– ools ( e sion 2.49.1 08aug2023)
– eghd e ( e sion 6.12.3 08aug2023)
– coe plo ( e sion 1.8.8 22aug2025 Ben Jann)
– g s yle ( e sion 1.1.1 15sep2020 Ben Jann)
– csdid ( 1.81 by ped o San 'Anna. Compa ibili y checks *! 1.8 by FRA.
T im)
– d did (Ve 1.71 bug wi h weigh s)
– g ools ( e sion 1.10.1 05Dec2022 Mau icio Cace es B a o)
– colo pale e ( e sion 1.2.7 23may2024 Ben Jann)
– linepalle e ( e sion 1.0.1 27dec2018 Ben Jann)
– g c1leg2 ( e sion 2.26 (4No 2023), by Mead O e *! Enhanced e sion
o -g c1leg- e sion 1.0.5 02jun2010, by Vince Wiggins)
– es ou ( e sion 3.31 26ap 2022 Ben Jann)
– csdid2 ( 1.3 Allows o Reg2 and d imp2: hdid eg ess compa ible *!
1.21 Allows o ea a *! 1.2 Allows o An icipa ion *! 1.13 Clus e
Co ec ions o RCS and RC *! 1.12 Adds Op ion o CSname *! 1.11
Co ec s Fo missing in clus e *! 1.1 adds Rolling *! 1 W appe o
CSDID2-Ma a e sion)
• R 3.4.3
– geob ( e sion 1.9.1)
– ggplo 2 ( e sion 3.5.1)
– s ( e sion 1.0-17)
– sp ( e sion 2.1-4)
– dply ( e sion 1.1.1)
– io ( e sion 1.2.3)
– geosphe e ( e sion 1.5-20)
– o eign ( e sion 0.8-84)
– spDa a ( e sion 2.3.4)
– p inpoly ( e sion 2.8)
– da a. able( e sion 1.14.8)
– i idis ( e sion 0.6.5)
– g idEx a ( e sion 2.3)
– he ile “Mapping_De o es a ion_CloseElec ions.R” will ins all all
dependencies (la es e sion).
7
Con olled Randomness
• Seed is se a line 17 o p og am MASTER_DOFILE.do
• So seed is se a line 18 o p og am MASTER_DOFILE.do
• Since “clea all” is used in each do- ile, he seed is dele ed om memo y. The
same seed and so seed a e ese in all subsequen do- iles o allow esul s o
be ep oduced.
Memo y and Run ime Requi emen s
App oxima e ime needed o ep oduce he analyses on a s anda d 2025 desk op
machine wi h 16GB compu e memo y:
• <10 minu es
• 10-60 minu es
• 1-2 hou s
• 2-8 hou s
• 8-24 hou s
• 1-3 days
• 3-14 days
• > 14 days
• No easible o un on a desk op machine, as desc ibed below.
De ails
The code was las un on a 12 h Gen In el-based lap op (i7-1255U, 1.70 GHz) wi h
Windows 11 OS.
Docke es ing was pe o med using Docke Desk op wi h he
da aedi o s/s a a18_5-se:2025-02-26 con aine image.
8
Ins uc ions o Replica o s
Da a Se up
Download he da a iles e e enced abo e. Each should be s o ed in Da a/Raw, in he
o ma ha you download hem in.
C i ical s ep: all con iden ial da a iles s o ed in Folde 4-con iden ial-da a-no - o -
publica ion/Raw mus be copied and pas ed in o 3- eplica ion-package/Da a/Raw
o he package o un.
Running he Code
The eplica ion package uns in a Docke con aine o ensu e ep oducibili y ac oss
di e en compu ing en i onmen s.
P e equisi es:
Docke Desk op ins alled (download a h ps://www.docke .com/p oduc s/docke -
desk op)
Valid S a a SE 18 license ile (s a a.lic)
Powe Shell (Windows), Te minal (Mac/Linux), o equi alen command-line
in e ace
S eps:
1. Edi he Docke execu ion sc ip :
• Open Docke File. x in he main eplica ion package olde
• Modi y line 1 o poin o whe e you' e sa ed he eplica ion package
• Modi y he $STATALIC pa h o poin o you S a a license ile loca ion
2. Run he con aine :
• Open Powe Shell (Windows) o Te minal (Mac/Linux)
• Copy and pas e he en i e con en s o Docke File. x in o you e minal
• P ess En e o execu e
3. Re iew esul s:
• Ou pu log: Code/MASTER_DOFILE.log
• Resul s (Figu es, Tables, e c.) a e s o ed in sub olde s wi hin Resul s
9
No e: The con aine au oma ically ins alls pla o m-speci ic dependencies (g ools,
col space, csdid, csdid2) om SSC and Gi hub. An ac i e in e ne connec ion is
equi ed du ing he ini ial un.
S uc u e o Folde
Manual edi s o Tables and Figu es
• TB6 + TB7: manually emo ed digi s a e he decimal poin o wo coe icien s
• Table 1: manually emo ed ze os and eplaced wi h missing alues o dono s
o hei pe sonal cha ac e is ics.
• Table B2 – b ing da a om Table 1 o columns 1 and 2.
• Table B4 – Sample sizes in bo om ow o able a e compu ed in
Municipal_Desc ip i es_Table_B4.do (lines 120-136) and manually added o
able.
• Figu e 5, 6, and A3 ha e manual edi s o aes he ics.
MASTER_DOFILE.do
ado
16
Da a_Cleaning Municipal_MapBiomas_Cleaning.do
Inpu :
- Raw MapBiomas_T ansi ions.cs
- In e media e Legal_Amazon_Municipali ies_Lis .d a
Ou pu :
- In e media e MapBiomas_Na Veg3.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_Pas u e.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_soy.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_De o es a ion_ o_Pas u e.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_De o es a ion_ o_Soy.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_Pas u e_ o_Soy.d a
Da a_Cleaning Municipal_Ru alC edi _Cleaning.do
Inpu :
- Raw c edi .d a
Ou pu :
- In e media e Ru al_C edi _Panel_2004_2017.d a
Da a_Cleaning Municipal_Con enios_Cleaning.do
Inpu :
- Raw 20220204_Con enios.cs
- Raw b azil_geog aphical_codes.d a
- In e media e Legal_Amazon_Municipali ies_Lis .d a
Ou pu :
- In e media e Municipal_G an s_Panel_LegalAmazon.d a
17
Da a_Cleaning Municipal_Da aP ep_Re ised.do
Inpu :
- Raw municipio_despesas_ uncao.cs
- Raw PublicFinances_1998_2017.d a
- Raw b azil_geog aphical_codes.d a
- Raw Complemen a y da ase .d a
- Raw da ase _Pa 6_Ka o ich_and_Mo e e_2022_01_31. x
- Raw municipal_popula ion_ o2021.cs
- In e media e Municipal_G an s_Panel_LegalAmazon.d a
- In e media e Ru al_C edi _Panel_2004_2017.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_Na Veg3.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_Pas u e.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_soy.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_De o es a ion_ o_Pas u e.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_De o es a ion_ o_Soy.d a
- In e media e MapBiomas_Pas u e_ o_Soy.d a
- In e media e Census_IPEA_2000Desc ip i es.d a
- In e media e Legal_Amazon_Municipali ies_Lis .d a
- In e media e Candida es_GLUE_PRODES_Emba gos_MapBiomas_Legal_Amz.d a
- In e media e Dono s_wi hCandida eOu comes_CPFs_I e a ion3_Legal_Amz.d a
- In e media e Dono s_wi hCandida eOu comes_Names_I e a ion3_Legal_Amz.d a
- In e media e Candida e_Yea _Dona ions_Comple eIndi idualDa a.d a
- In e media e Landowning_Mayo al_Candida es_Lis _Amazon_only.d a
18
Ou pu :
- In e media e Ag icul u e_and_En i onmen _Spending_2004_ o_2020.d a
- In e media e Ag icul u e_and_En i onmen _Spending_2000_ o_2003.d a
- In e media e Ag icul u e_and_En i onmen _Spending_2000_ o_2020.d a
- In e media e AmazonBiome_Lis .d a
- In e media e AmazonBiome_Lis _nume ic.d a
- In e media e Municipali y_Le el_Emba go_Coun s.d a
- In e media e Municipali y_Ou comes_Panel3a.d a
- In e media e Municipali y_Le el_AnnualOu comes_P ocessed3a.d a
- In e media e Municipali y_Manda eLe el_Ou comes_P ocessed3a.d a
- In e media e Landowning_Mayo al_Candida es_Lis _Amazon_only.d a
- In e media e Candida e_Dona ions_Landowne s_CPFs.d a
- Clean Municipali y_Da a_Clean.d a
Da a_Cleaning Municipal_Da aP ep_Yea ly.do
Inpu :
- In e media e Municipali y_Ou comes_Panel3a.d a
- In e media e Legal_Amazon_Municipali ies_Lis .d a
- In e media e Candida e_Yea _Dona ions_Comple eIndi idualDa a.d a
- Raw b azil_geog aphical_codes.d a
- In e media e Landowning_Mayo al_Candida es_Lis _Amazon_only.d a
- In e media e Candida e_Dona ions_Landowne s_CPFs.d a
Ou pu :
- In e media e Municipali y_Le el_AnnualOu comes_P ocessed.d a
- In e media e Municipali y_Manda eLe el_Ou comes_P ocessed_Yea ly.d a
- Clean Municipali y_Panel_Ou comes_and_LandowningCandida es_Yea ly.d a
19
Desc ip i es Landowne _Sha e_o _Poli icians.do
Inpu :
- In e media e Candida e_Yea _Dona ions_Comple eIndi idualDa a.d a
- Raw b azil_geog aphical_codes.d a
- In e media e GLUE_PRODES_CPFLe el_I e a ion3.d a
- In e media e Legal_Amazon_Municipali ies_Lis .d a
Ou pu :
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2000.cs
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2004.cs
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2008.cs
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2012.cs
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2016.cs
Mapping_De o es a ion_CloseElec ions.R
Inpu :
- Raw AmazoniaLegal_Ma anhao.cs
- In e media e Close_Elec ions_Pe _Municipali y.cs
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2000.cs
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2004.cs
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2008.cs
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2012.cs
- In e media e Landowne _Poli icianSha e_2016.cs
Ou pu :
- Figu es Landowne _In ensi y_2000_Map.png
- Figu es Landowne _In ensi y_2004_Map.png
- Figu es Landowne _In ensi y_2008_Map.png
- Figu es Landowne _In ensi y_2012_Map.png
- Figu es Landowne _In ensi y_2016_Map.png
- Figu es Close_Elec ions_Map.png (Figu e A1)
20
Da a_Cleaning All_P ope ies_Da aP ep_and_
Desc ip i es.do
Inpu :
- In e media e Candida es_GLUE_PRODES_Emba gos_MapBiomas_Amazon_only.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2016.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2004.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2008.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2012.d a
- Raw b azil_geog aphical_codes.d a
- In e media e AmazonBiome_Lis _nume ic.d a
- In e media e GLUE_PRODES_Emba gos_MapBiomas_CPFLe el_Amazon_only.d a
- Raw da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_p ope yha.cs
- Raw da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_emba go_ a iables.cs
- Raw da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_na eg_ o_ a m_ a s.cs
- Raw da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_owne ids_ 2.cs
- Raw da ase _all_amazon_biome_p ope ies_mapbiomas8p 0_ a iables.cs
Ou pu :
- In e media e Candida e_P ope yIDs_Lis .d a
- In e media e Dono s_P ope yIDs_Lis 2.d a
- In e media e All_P ope ies_P ope yA ea.d a
- In e media e All_P ope ies_Emba goes.d a
- In e media e All_P ope ies_Na Veg_ o_Fa ming.d a
- In e media e All_P ope ies_Owne IDs.d a
- Clean All_P ope ies_and_Mayo s_P ope yA ea_ o _Figu e_1.d a
- Clean All_P ope ies_and_Mayo s_De o es a ion_ o _Figu e_2.d a
- In e media e AllP ope ies_ o _Table_B2.d a
- Clean All_P ope ies_and_Dono s_P ope yA ea_ o _Figu e_1.d a
- Clean All_P ope ies_and_Dono s_De o es a ion_ o _Figu e_2.d a
21
Da a_Cleaning Da aP ep_ o _Table1.do
Inpu :
Clean Elec ions_and_De o _Dono s_Da abase_I e a ion3_Amazon_only.d a
- In e media e AmazonBiome_Lis _nume ic.d a
- Raw Elec ions_Candida es.d a
- In e media e Candida e_Yea _Dona ions_Comple eIndi idualDa a.d a
- Raw b azil_geog aphical_codes.d a
- In e media e Candida es_GLUE_PRODES_Emba gos_MapBiomas_Legal_Amz.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2016.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2004.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2008.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2012.d a
- In e media e GLUE_PRODES_Emba gos_MapBiomas_CPFLe el_Amazon_only.d a
- In e media e Elec ions_Candida es_Mayo s_Unique.d a
- In e media e Success ul_Dono s_Lis _2004_2016_Replica ion.d a
22
Ou pu :
- In e media e Success ul_Dono s_Lis _2004_2016_Replica ion.d a
- In e media e Dono s_ o_Success ul_Candida es_To al_2004_ o_2016_Replica ion.d a
- In e media e Elec ions_Candida es_Mayo s_Unique.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_all_candida es_ o al.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_all_candida es_land.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_winning_candida es_ o al.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_winning_candida es_land.d a
- In e media e Runne _Up_Lis _V3.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_ unne up_candida es_ o al.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_ unne up_candida es_land.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_Candida es_Combined.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_all_dono s_ o al.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_all_dono s_land.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_ unne up_dono s_ o al.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_ unne up_dono s_land.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_winning_dono s_ o al.d a
- In e media e Desc ip i e_S a is ics_winning_dono s_land.d a
23
Desc ip i es All_Candida es_and_Dono s_
Landholding.do
Inpu :
- In e media e Candida e_Yea _Dona ions_Comple eIndi idualDa a.d a
- Raw b azil_geog aphical_codes.d a
- In e media e Candida e_P ope yIDs_Lis .d a
- In e media e AmazonBiome_Lis _nume ic.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2016.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2004.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2008.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2012.d a
- In e media e Dono s_P ope yIDs_Lis 2.d a
Ou pu :
- In e media e Landholding_Candida es_ o _TableB3.d a
- In e media e Landholding_Dono s_ o _TableB3.d a
- In e media e Pa ies_Landholding_Dona ions.d a
24
Desc ip i es Figu e_A3.do
Inpu :
- In e media e Candida e_Yea _Dona ions_Comple eIndi idualDa a.d a
- Raw b azil_geog aphical_codes.d a
- In e media e Candida e_P ope yIDs_Lis .d a
- Raw Region_Municipali y_Lis
- In e media e Dona ions_2016.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2004.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2008.d a
- In e media e Dona ions_2012.d a
- In e media e Dono s_P ope yIDs_Lis 2.d a
Ou pu :
- In e media e Pa ies_Landholding_Candida es.d a
- Figu es FA4.gph
Desc ip i es Table_B3.do
Inpu :
-In e media e Landholding_Candida es_ o _TableB3.d a
Ou pu :
- Tables TB3. ex
Desc ip i es Municipal_Desc ip i es_Table_B4.do
Inpu :
- Raw Candida es_Dona ions_Municipali yLe el_wi hMunicCodes.d a
- In e media e Census_IPEA_2000Desc ip i es.d a
- In e media e Popula ion_Comple e_2000.d a
- In e media e Legal_Amazon_Pe cen age_Municipali ies.d a
- In e media e Close_Elec ions_Panel_2000_ o_2016.d a
- In e media e Municipal_De o es a ion_2000_ o_2020_PRODES.d a
- In e media e Legal_Amazon_Municipali ies_Lis
- In e media e AmazonBiome_Lis _nume ic.d a
Ou pu :
- Tables TB4. ex
25
Desc ip i es All_P ope ies_Desc ip i es_Table_B2.do
Inpu :
- In e media e AllP ope ies_ o _Table_B2.d a
Ou pu :
- Tables TB2. ex
Desc ip i es Mean_Ou come_G aphs.do
Inpu :
- Clean Elec ions_and_De o _Dono s_Da abase_I e a ion3_Amazon_only.d a
- In e media e AmazonBiome_Lis _nume ic.d a
Ou pu :
- Figu es FA4.png
- Figu es FA5.png
Desc ip i es P e_Pos _Dona ions_
Desc ip i eS a is ics.do
Inpu :
- Clean Elec ions_and_De o _Dono s_Da abase_I e a ion3_Amazon_only.d a
- Raw Region_Municipali y_Lis .d a
Ou pu :
- Log P e_Pos _Dona ions_desc ip i es.smcl
32
Ou pu :
- Tables TB6. ex
- Numbe s Coe Es Pas u eT0. ex
- Numbe s Coe Es Pas u eT6. ex
- Numbe s BaselineDVMeanPas u e. ex
- Numbe s BaselineDVMeanSoy. ex
- Numbe s Coe Es SoyT3. ex
- Numbe s E ec SoyHa. ex
- Numbe s Coe Es SoyT5. ex
- Numbe s Pe cInc SoyManda e. ex
- Numbe s To HaSoyInc ease6yea s. ex
- Numbe s Coe Es De o T3. ex
- Tables TB7. ex
- Numbe s Candida eBaselineDVMeanD4. ex
- Tables TB8. ex
- Tables TB9. ex
- Tables TB10. ex
- Numbe s MunCoe Es AgP omoMo eThan25pe c. ex
- Numbe s MunCoe Es C edi Mo eThan50pe c. ex
- Numbe s MunCoe Es C edi Mo eThan25pe c. ex
- Numbe s MunCoe Es SoyMo eThan25pe c. ex
- Numbe s MunCoe Es SoyHaMo eThan25pe c. ex
- Numbe s MunCoe Es De o Mo eThan25pe c. ex
- Numbe s MunCoe Es D4HaMo eThan25pe c. ex
- Numbe s MunCoe Es Emba goMo eThan25pe c. ex
33
Analysis Resul s_Figu es_C41_ o_C61.do
Inpu :
- Clean Municipali y_Da a_Clean.d a
- In e media e AmazonBiome_Lis _nume ic.d a
- Clean Municipali y_Panel_Ou comes_and_LandowningCandida es_Yea ly.d a
Ou pu :
- Figu es FC41.pd o Figu es FC61.pd
34
Da a Re e ences
Banco Cen al do B asil, Ma iz de Dados do C édi o Ru al - C édi o Concedido.
Accessed in Augus 2021, URL:
h ps://www.bcb.go .b /es abilidade inancei a/mic u al
Base dos Dados, municipio_despesas_po _ uncao, Sis ema de In o mações Con ábeis e
Fiscais do Se o Público B asilei o (SICONFI). Accessed in No embe 2020,
URL: h ps://basedosdados.o g/da ase /5a3dec52-8740-460e-b31d-
0e0347979da0? able=ee51 2d3-c5 b-4 3-a6e2- e4bbdcc46c8
B azilian Minis y o he En i onmen (Ibama), Emba goes and In ac ions, Accessed
in No embe 2020. Accessed in June 2021, URL:
h ps://se icos.ibama.go .b /c /publico/a easemba gadas/Consul aPublica
A easEmba gadas.php
Gibbs Land Use and En i onmen Lab, Ha monized Iden i ied P ope y Reco ds wi h
Land-Use and En i onmen al Viola ions (2000-2020), P op ie a y Da ase .
Ins i u o B asilei o de Geog a ia e Es a ís ica, Códigos dos municípios IBGE. Accessed
in No embe 2019, URL: h ps://www.ibge.go .b /explica/codigos-dos-
municipios.php
Ins i u o B asilei o de Geog a ia e Es a ís ica, Es ima i as da População. Accessed in
May 2020, URL:
h ps://www.ibge.go .b /es a is icas/sociais/populacao/9103-es ima i as-
de-populacao.h ml
Ins i u o B asilei o de Geog a ia e Es a ís ica, Municípios da Amazônia Legal – XLSX.
Accessed in No embe 2019, URL:
h ps://www.ibge.go .b /geociencias/ca as-e-mapas/mapas-
egionais/15819-amazonia-legal.h ml
Ins i u o de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Finanças Publicas - Despesas po unção,
IPEAda a. Accessed in No embe 2020, URL:
h p://www.ipeada a.go .b /De aul .aspx
Ins i u o Nacional de Colonização e Re o ma Ag á ia (INCRA), Ce i icado de
Cadas o do Imó el Ru al (CCIR). Accessed in June 2021, URL:
h ps://www.go .b /inc a/p -b /assun os/go e nanca- undia ia/cadas o-
imo el- u al
Ins i u o Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), PRODES: B azil Amazon Fo es
moni o ing - Municipal_De o es a ion_2000_ o_2020_PRODES.cs . Accessed in
No embe 2019, URL: h p://www.ob .inpe.b /p odes/dashboa d/p odes-
a es.h ml
35
MapBiomas, S a is ics – Co e age and T ansi ions Legal Amazon, Collec ion 5,
B azilian Annual Land Use and Land Co e Mapping P ojec . Accessed in June
2021, URL: h ps://b asil.mapbiomas.o g/en/es a is icas/
Minis é io do Desen ol imen o Ag á io e Ag icul u a Familia (MDA), Te a Legal.
Accessed in June 2021, URL: h ps://www.go .b /mda/p -b
Mo e e, F., Skidmo e, M., & Gibbs, H. K., Complemen a y da ase .d a (2021).
En i onmen al policies ha shape p oduc i i y: E idence om ca le anching
in he Amazon. Jou nal o En i onmen al Economics and Managemen , 109,
102490. URL: h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102490
P ocu ado ia Ge al da Uniao, Sis ema de Ges ão de Con ênios e Con a os de Repasse
do Go e no Fede al (SICONV) – Con ênios, Consul a de Con ênios e Aco dos,
Po al da T anspa ência do Go e no Fede al. Accessed in Augus 2021, URL:
h ps://po alda anspa encia.go .b /con enios/consul a?o dena Po =o gao
&di ecao=desc
Sis ema de In o mações Con ábeis e Fiscais do Se o Público B asilei o (Sicon i),
FINBRA (Finanças Municipais) - Dados Con ábeis dos Municípios. Accessed in
No embe 2020, URL: h ps://www.go .b / esou onacional/p -b /es ados-e-
municipios/dados-consolidados/ inb a- inancas-municipais
Sis ema Nacional de Cadas o Ambien al Ru al (SICAR), SICAR, Base de Downloads.
Accessed in June 2021, URL: h p://www.ca .go .b /publico/imo eis/index
T ibunal Sup emo Elei o al, Candida os - 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, Po al de
Dados Abe os do TSE. Accessed in No embe 2019, URL:
h ps://dadosabe os. se.jus.b /da ase
T ibunal Sup emo Elei o al, P es ação de Con as Elei o ais – 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016,
Po al de Dados Abe os do TSE. Accessed in No embe 2019, URL:
h ps://dadosabe os. se.jus.b /da ase
T ibunal Sup emo Elei o al, Resul ados – 2000 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, Po al de
Dados Abe os do TSE. Accessed in No embe 2019, URL:
h ps://dadosabe os. se.jus.b /da ase
Vilhube , L., Connolly, M., Ko en, M., Llull, J., & Mo ow, P. (2020). A empla e
README o social science eplica ion packages. Zenodo. URL:
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.4319999
