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INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC FACTORS ON WHEAT VARIETIES AND
YIELD VARIABILITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Tajibaye G.A.,
Ins i u e o Gene ics and Expe imen al Biology o Plan s, Academy o Sciences o Uzbekis an
E-mail: [email p o ec ed]
Allambe geno T.D.,
Ka akalpaks an Ins i u e o Ag icul u e and Ag o echnologies
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17537985
Abs ac . This s udy analyzes he e ec s o abio ic ac o s on he yield a iabili y o b ead
whea (T i icum aes i um L.) g own in h ee dis ic s o Ka akalpaks an — Nukus, Be uniy, and
Kung ad. The esponse o he As , Da , and Gu a ie ies o clima ic condi ions, pa icula ly o
empe a u e luc ua ions and cold s ess, was in es iga ed. The esul s showed ha p olonged
win e cold signi ican ly educes yield, while sho ened wa m seasons a ec g ain quali y. The
s udy highligh s he necessi y o selec ing egionally adap ed and clima e- esilien whea a ie ies
o sus ainable p oduc ion.
Keywo ds: whea , abio ic s ess, yield, gene ic a iabili y, Ka akalpaks an, clima e
condi ions.
In oduc ion. Whea (T i icum aes i um L.) is one o he mos impo an
ce eal c ops ensu ing global ood secu i y, p o iding abou 23% o he wo ld’s
calo ic in ake and 21% o p o ein equi emen s [1]. In ecen decades, clima e
change — pa icula ly empe a u e ex emes and educed wa e a ailabili y — has
nega i ely impac ed whea p oduc i i y. Ka akalpaks an, loca ed in he A al Sea
basin, is cha ac e ized by cold win e s, d y summe s, and s ong winds, making i a
challenging ag oecological zone. The e o e, iden i ying whea geno ypes ha a e
ole an o abio ic s esses such as cold and d ough is c ucial [4].
The main objec i e o his esea ch is o assess he in luence o en i onmen al
ac o s on he yield pe o mance o di e en whea a ie ies unde he clima ic
condi ions o Ka akalpaks an.
Ma e ials and Me hods. The esea ch was conduc ed in 2023 ac oss h ee
dis ic s — Nukus, Be uniy, and Kung ad — o Ka akalpaks an. The whea a ie ies
As , Da , and Gu we e cul i a ed on i iga ed lands. Clima ic da a, including
a e age empe a u e, p ecipi a ion, and cold du a ion, we e ob ained om he
Ka akalpak Hyd ome eo ological Se ice. Yield ( /ha) was measu ed o each si e.
S a is ical analysis included calcula ion o means and a iance (ANOVA) o
de e mine he signi icance o en i onmen al e ec s.
Resul s. In 2023, he o al whea cul i a ion a ea in Ka akalpaks an was
53,000 ha, p oducing 253,120 ons o g ain.
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Be uniy dis ic – 4,950 ha, o al yield 28,880 , a e age p oduc i i y 52.3
c/ha;
Nukus dis ic – 5,200 ha, 23,685 , 45.5 c/ha;
Kung ad dis ic – 3,050 ha, 12,985 , 42.6 c/ha.
In Kung ad, a e age empe a u es d opped o –27°C in Janua y, las ing un il
Ap il, which educed yield by 10–15%. Many plan s we e damaged by os . In
con as , Be uniy dis ic had milde win e s and a mo e a o able sp ing, esul ing
in he highes yield le els.
Discussion. The ob ained esul s con i m ha abio ic s ess — especially cold
empe a u e — has a s ong in luence on he physiological and gene ic mechanisms
con olling whea yield. Acco ding o Wang e al. (2019) [2], cold- ole an
geno ypes ac i a e CBF and COR genes o enhance hei s ess esponse. The yield
educ ion obse ed in Kung ad suppo s hese indings.
Ka imo (2021) [3], epo ed ha a 1°C inc ease in empe a u e educes whea
yield by 3–5% in sou he n Uzbekis an, which aligns wi h ou esul s o he
Ka akalpaks an egion.The e o e, he selec ion o geno ypes esis an o cold,
d ough , and he mal luc ua ions, as well as he de elopmen o adap i e ag o-
echnologies, a e i al o s able and sus ainable whea p oduc ion [4].
Conclusion. Unde he clima ic condi ions o Ka akalpaks an, abio ic ac o s
— pa icula ly p olonged win e cold and empe a u e luc ua ions - signi ican ly
a ec whea yield.The highes a e age yield (52.3 c/ha) was eco ded in Be uniy
dis ic , whe e milde win e and su icien soil mois u e con ibu ed o s able yield
o ma ion. I is ecommended o selec cold- ole an gene ic lines, imp o e adap i e
ag o echnologies, and es ablish con inuous en i onmen al-yield moni o ing sys ems
o sus ainable whea p oduc ion in his egion.
Re e ences:
1. Smi h, J., Johnson, P., & Lee, R. (2020). Global clima e a iabili y and whea yield ends: An
in eg a ed analysis. Ag icul u al Sys ems, 183, 102881.
2. Wang, Y., Zhang, X., & Li, H. (2019). Molecula mechanisms o cold ole ance in b ead whea
(T i icum aes i um L.). F on ie s in Plan Science, 10, 1012.
3. Ka imo , B. (2021). In luence o empe a u e and humidi y on whea yield in Uzbekis an.
Uzbek Jou nal o Ag icul u al Science, 5(2), 45–49.
4. Aliye , M., To‘ aye a, D., & Naza o , A. (2022). Dynamics o whea yield and ecological
adap abili y in he A al Sea egion. Ka akalpak Jou nal o Ag a ian Sciences, 3(1), 21–27.
