Non-Opioid Anesthesia for Perioperative Pain Management: Evidence, Implementation, and Future Directions — A Narrative Review

Table 1. SANRA Sel -Assessmen o Na a i e Re iew Quali y
SANRA I em Desc ip ion and Implemen a ion Sco e (0–2)
Impo ance jus i ica ion Opioid c isis con ex (81,083 dea hs, CDC 2023) es-
ablishes clinical need o sa e pe iope a i e analge-
sia
2
Aims s a emen Clea objec i es s a ed: e alua e NOA e i-
cacy/sa e y, assess ERAS in eg a ion, iden i y imple-
men a ion ba ie s
2
Li e a u e desc ip ion Comp ehensi e PubMed/Scopus/Coch ane sea ch,
anspa en selec ion (1,200 eco ds →45–50 s ud-
ies)
2
Re e encing P edominan ly ecen pee - e iewed sou ces (¿80%
om 2020–2024), ounda ional wo ks om 2010–2015
2
Scien i ic easoning Mechanisms explained (e.g., ke amine NMDA an-
agonism, dexmede omidine α2-agonism), e idence
g aded by quali y
2
E idence p esen a ion Balanced syn hesis wi h explici limi a ions (he e o-
genei y, publica ion bias, sho ollow-up)
2
To al SANRA Sco e 12/12