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PREVENTION OF ALLERGIC DISEASES IN CHILDREN BORN
TO MOTHERS WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES
M.B. De o o a1, S.A. Bu ashye a2, Sh.Sh. Qulmu odo a3, A.D. Bol ako a4
PhD, Associa e P o esso o he Depa men o Family Doc o No. 1, Physical Educa ion and
Ci il De ense a Tashken S a e Medical Uni e si y1,2,3,4
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17538764
Abs ac . Alle gy occupies a special place in medicine, and he e o e his wo k e lec s
aspec s o he p e en ion o alle gic diseases in child en bo n o mo he s wi h alle gic diseases,
based on a li e a u e e iew.
Keywo ds: child en, aspec , diseases, complica ions, anamnesis.
In oduc ion
Alle gic diseases emain one o he mos u gen p oblems in pedia ics and clinical
medicine as a whole. Acco ding o li e a u e sou ces, a amily his o y bu dened by alle gy is
cu en ly ecognized as a majo isk ac o and p edic o o alle gy. Howe e , sensi iza ion does
no always ha e clinical mani es a ions o alle gy. Mo eo e , he absence o a amily his o y o
alle gy o low le els o sensi iza ion does no exclude he diagnosis o alle gic disease. Cases ha e
been desc ibed whe e heal hy child en we e bo n o alle gic pa en s, and a he same ime, alle gy
was obse ed in child en wi h no alle gic amily his o y. This phenomenon dic a es he need o
analyze mul iple an e-, in a-, and pos na al ac o s o de e mine he mos signi ican ones
in luencing no only he de elopmen o clinical mani es a ions o alle gy bu also he
co esponding changes in cellula and humo al immune esponses.
In ecen decades is one o he mos u gen p oblems o pulmonology, wi h a cons an
inc ease in he numbe o pa ien s, among adul s and child en. The da a o epidemiological s udies
in ecen yea s indica e an inc ease in he p e alence o AD in p egnan women, he equency o
which anges om 1 o 13.8%. In he condi ions o mode n socie y, p egnancy is o med agains
he backg ound o en i onmen al and socio-economic ins abili y, wes e nisa ion o li e, which is
u he agg a a ed by he p esence o b onchial as hma in pa ien s, in connec ion wi h which he
peculia i ies o i s cou se in p egnan women a he p esen s age a e obse ed. Acco ding o he
da a o e ospec i e s udies, in one hi d o pa ien s he cou se o BA in he ges a ional pe iod
wo sens, in one hi d - becomes less se e e, in one hi d - does no change. And al hough some
esea che s ha e no ed a p edominan imp o emen in he cou se o AD du ing p egnancy, mos
au ho s conside p egnancy and AD as mu ually in luen ial condi ions, wi h un a ou able cou se
o which he e is a mu ual agg a a ion.
ANS plays an in eg a ing ole in he implemen a ion o adap a ion mechanisms o he
ges a ional pe iod, c ea ing condi ions o he no mal cou se o p egnancy and oe us ca ying. I
is known ha nonspeci ic eac ions o sho - e m adap a ion, eplaced by long- e m changes in he
espi a o y, ca dio ascula and o he sys ems o he mo he 's body, as well as in he o ming
oe oplacen al complex, occu al eady in he i s 3 imes e s o p egnancy, a ec ing he
de elopmen o he oe us, he s a e o heal h o he newbo n. A icious ci cle is c ea ed: sick
mo he - sick child - sick adolescen - sick mo he . Pa hology o he oe us and newbo n
p ede e mines bo h he pos na al de elopmen o he child and adul heal h.
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When de eloping p e en i e measu es o educe he isk o alle gy de elopmen in
o sp ing, i is necessa y o know he peculia i ies o he cou se o AD in he mo he du ing
p egnancy. Clinical cou se o AD in pa ien s du ing p egnancy Acco ding o ou da a, in 62.1% o
he examined p egnan women, mild AD (BALT) p e ailed, in 30.6% - mode a e (BAST), in 8.3%
- se e e (BATT), which e lec s he gene al s uc u e o he dis ibu ion o AD by se e i y in he
popula ion. He edi a y agg a a ion by alle gic diseases was aced in 40.7% o pa ien s, wi h
b onchial as hma in 35.5%, including 59.2% on he ma e nal side. Since AD is a mul i ac o ial
disease, he ealisa ion o clinical symp oms may occu a any age pe iod. The occu ence o he
i s a acks o su oca ion in childhood was no ed by 33.4% o p egnan women, in he p e- and
pube al pe iod (11-19 yea s) - 30.7% o pa ien s, in he pe iod o ep oduc i e ac i i y (20-30
yea s) - 20.7% o women, o e 30 yea s - 2.1% o pa ien s.
Alle gic o m o AD was diagnosed in 62.4% o pa ien s, 10.4% - non-alle gic, 27.2% -
mixed. The p edominan causa i e alle gens we e: household alle gens - in 52.8% o pa ien s,
pollen alle gens - in 43.1%, ood alle gens - in 21.4%, epide mal alle gens - in 19.3%. A high
pe cen age o d ug alle gy was no ed in 41.7%, in he s uc u e o which an ibac e ial d ugs and
i amins occupied he leading places. Poly alen sensi isa ion o se e al g oups o alle gens was
de ec ed in he majo i y o pa ien s (74.1%). Un a ou able en i onmen al condi ions, in ec ious-
i al diseases, passi e smoking and many o he p o oking ac o s undoub edly con ibu e o he
inc ease in he incidence o a opic diseases, bu canno de ini i ely explain he causes o his
phenomenon. The esul s o nume ous gene ic s udies explain he ole o ce ain genes and
he edi a y p edisposi ion in he de elopmen o a opicp ocess.
Howe e , he sho ime pe iod o e which he spike in alle gic mo bidi y has occu ed
indica es he cen al ole o a complex in e ac ion be ween en i onmen al ac o s and he edi a y
p edisposi ion. Mo eo e , mos en i onmen al ac o s de e mine he de elopmen o a opy in he
p ena al and ea ly childhood pe iod. The au ho s no e ha , o da e, he a ian s o immune esponse
du ing he o ma ion o alle gic (a opic) s a us in he neona al pe iod emain poo ly s udied—when
po en ially e e sible changes become i e e sible.
The agmen ed co e age o he p oblem o ea ly de elopmen o alle gic (a opic) s a us in
publica ions, o i s conside a ion mainly om he s andpoin o la e childhood, lea es he onse
and dynamics o a opy in he neona al pe iod insu icien ly explo ed. Consequen ly, mode n
ecommenda ions o he p ima y p e en ion o alle gy emain a he nonspeci ic. The dynamics
o alle gic p ocesses du ing he i s yea o a child’s li e a e insu icien ly s udied, which is c ucial
o subs an ia ing he s a egy and ac ics o seconda y p e en ion o a opy aimed a p e en ing he
clinical mani es a ion o a opic p ocesses a e sensi iza ion has occu ed. Cu en ly, in domes ic
pedia ics, he e a e no unc ional p ognos ic ma ke s o he isk o de eloping b onchial as hma
in in an s, including hose wi h skin mani es a ions o alle gy.
Fo eign and domes ic esea che s ha e poin ed ou ha he sea ch o solu ions o p ese e
he heal h o he mo he and unbo n child, educe he isk o he edi a y p edisposi ion o alle gy
in he child, and p o ec he child’s li e and heal h s a ing om he an ena al pe iod co esponds
o he mode n ini ia i es o a new medical ield — an ena al pedia ics. This ield was ounded by
leading Russian and in e na ional pedia ic scien is s.
A e iew o he li e a u e has shown ha b onchial as hma is one o he mos common
diseases in mode n socie y. I is no only he mos p e alen disease among child en and adul s bu
also one whose incidence and se e i y con inue o inc ease. The i s mani es a ion o alle gy in
ea ly childhood is mos o en a opic de ma i is. In pedia ic de ma ology and gene al pedia ic
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p ac ice, a opic de ma i is is diagnosed in abou one- hi d o pa ien s du ing ou pa ien
consul a ions.
Clinicians ha e no ed ha when a opic de ma i is begins a an ea ly age, i apidly
p og esses o a ch onic cou se in child en. Child en wi h a opic de ma i is su e om such
mani es a ions o he disease as mul iple exco ia ions, i ching, and skin in lamma ion, which a e
he ca dinal symp oms o his condi ion. Family s ess associa ed wi h ca ing o a child wi h
mode a e a opic de ma i is signi ican ly exceeds he s ess expe ienced by amilies ca ing o a
child wi h ype 1 diabe es melli us.
In addi ion, he inancial bu den o his disease is conside able, as he ea men o a opic
de ma i is poses a se ious economic challenge o bo h amilies and heal hca e sys ems as a whole.
Gi en he global echnogenic changes in he en i onmen , he inc easing numbe o ac o s ha
induce alle gy and al e he clinical pic u e o he disease, as well as he pa allel g ow h in he
p e alence o alle gic diso de s, he main emphasis oday should be placed on p ima y p e en ion
o alle gy — ha is, measu es aimed a p e en ing he de elopmen o alle gic o a opic s a us.
This equi es deepening and expanding he sea ch o possible ools o in luence he
p ocess o o ma ion and/o modula ion o he alle gic ype o immune esponse du ing he ea ly
on ogenesis o he child — a he an e-, in a-, and possibly pos na al s ages. Mos esea che s
p edic a u he inc ease in he p e alence o alle gies, which necessi a es he sea ch o new
solu ions, in pa icula he implemen a ion o mode n p e en i e me hods.
The mos e ec i e app oach is p ima y p e en ion, aimed a p e en ing he onse o
alle gy, while seconda y and e ia y p e en ion ocus on alle ia ing he se e i y o educing he
isk o complica ions in al eady exis ing alle gic diseases. Since he immune sys em begins o o m
in u e o, sensi iza ion may occu e en du ing p egnancy, and he e o e p e en i e measu es should
be ini ia ed du ing his pe iod.
Nume ous s udies ha e shown ha when alle gens a ec he body o a p egnan woman,
T-cell immuni y is ac i a ed in he e us. This con ibu es o he ea lie mani es a ion o an a opic
immune esponse in he newbo n, especially in hose wi h a gene ic p edisposi ion o he
de elopmen o a opic diseases. The e o e, imely diagnosis and con ol o alle gic pa hology in
women a e essen ial o imp o ing p egnancy ou comes and minimizing he isk o alle gic
diseases in he child.
The au ho s con i m ha he g ea es in luence on he de elopmen o alle gic eac ions in
newbo ns and young child en is exe ed by ma e nal diseases and p egnancy complica ions.
Among espi a o y pa hologies in p egnan women, b onchial as hma occupies a leading place,
occu ing in 0.4–4.5% o p egnancies. A common complica ion o p egnancy in women wi h
b onchial as hma is he de elopmen o e oplacen al insu iciency, ges osis, and he h ea o
p e e m labo . The cause-and-e ec ela ionship be ween ma e nal mo bidi y and he heal h o
hei newbo ns is beyond doub .
Conclusion. A icious ci cle is o med: sick mo he – sick child – sick adolescen – sick
mo he . Fe al and neona al pa hology p ede e mines no only pos na al child de elopmen bu also
he heal h o he adul indi idual. Thus, an analysis o he li e a u e has demons a ed he
impo ance o s udying alle gic pa hologies in mo he s, as his p o ides he ounda ion o
implemen ing p e en i e measu es in he u u e.
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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 10 OCTOBER 2025
ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ
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