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FAMILY VALUES AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
K.G. Ham akulo a
Gulis an S a e Uni e si y, Facul y o Psychology and Social Sciences, Depa men o Pedagogy
and Psychology, Ac ing Associa e P o esso
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17540743
Abs ac . This a icle empi ically analyzes he socio-psychological causes o iolence in
Uzbek amilies. Using he me hodology o he Russian psychologis A.N. Volko a "De e mining
oles in he amily and he claim o ma iage", he compa ibili y o amily alues o spouses is
s udied om he pe spec i e o he woman and he husband. Ou s udy ocuses on he ac ha he
amily oles o women subjec ed o domes ic iolence, amily s abili y, in e pe sonal ela ionships,
and amily alues o he husband and wi e a e he mos impo an ac o s causing iolence.
Keywo ds: amily, physical and psychological iolence, emo ional-psycho he apeu ic,
ex e nal a ac i eness, alues and oles, na ional alues.
In oduc ion. In ecen yea s, nume ous scien i ic s udies ha e been conduc ed by schola s
a ound he wo ld o examine he p oblem o domes ic iolence in amily ela ionships, ocusing
on i s gende , legal, and communica i e aspec s, as well as on de eloping e ec i e ways o p e en
such iolence. Howe e , despi e hese e o s, many un esol ed issues emain in his ield.
Ob aining eliable da a on his opic is o en di icul , as amily p oblems a e usually kep p i a e
and no disclosed o ou side s. Mos indi iduals expe iencing domes ic iolence do no epo i o
he ele an au ho i ies. This c ea es di icul ies o esea che s s udying he p oblem, al hough
conside able scien i ic esea ch has been and con inues o be ca ied ou in Wes e n coun ies and
in Russia. The indings o hese s udies demons a e ha posi i e ou comes can only be achie ed
when comp ehensi e wo k is conduc ed wi h indi iduals who ha e su e ed om domes ic
iolence.
Main Pa . We conside ed i impo an o s udy how domes ic iolence a ec s he alue
sys em o spouses and he indica o s o in e pe sonal ela ionships wi hin he amily. The s udy
examined he psychological cha ac e is ics o women’s sel -es eem and hei ela ionships wi h
o he s unde he in luence o physical, psychological, sexual, and economic iolence. The
imbalance and inconsis ency in he alue o ien a ions o spouses ine i ably lead o amily
con lic s, ensions, and ac s o iolence. When a husband ails o app ecia e his wi e’s wo h,
igno es he in e es s and needs, and does no ecognize he as an indi idual, he amily a mosphe e
becomes unjus i iable and oxic.
In ou esea ch, o s udy he a i udes o women who ha e expe ienced domes ic iolence
owa d amily alues, we used he me hodology o Russian psychologis A. N. Volko a i led
“De e mining Family Roles and Ma i al Expec a ions.” This ques ionnai e asks esponden s—
women who ha e su e ed om iolence— o assess he compa ibili y o amily alues om bo h
hei own and hei husband’s pe spec i es. Spouses’ amily alues we e assessed ac oss se e al
scales: sexual, pe sonal compa ibili y o pa ne s, domes ic-household, educa ional, social ac i i y,
emo ional-psycho he apeu ic, and ex e nal a ac i eness. Based on he mean sco es ob ained om
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he applica ion o his me hod, he deg ee o compa ibili y be ween he spouses’ amily alues was
de e mined.
Ou indings e ealed ha in amilies a ec ed by domes ic iolence, incompa ibili y
be ween he husband’s and wi e’s amily alues was one o he key ac o s leading o iolence.
Analysis o he amily alues o abused women showed disc epancies be ween he wo pa ne s’
indica o s, wi h signi ican misma ches in how each iewed hei amily alues. Acco ding o he
no ma i e indica o s o he me hod, hese disc epancies clea ly e lec he disbalance caused by
iolence. Speci ically, he alues ela ed o sexual ela ions be ween spouses showed an index o
3.53, indica ing ha unde he in luence o domes ic iolence, pa ne s ail o ecognize each o he
as sexual pa ne s— his endency was e en mo e p onounced among ic ims o sexual iolence.
Table 1.1
Indica o s o Compa ibili y o Family Values Be ween Women Who Ha e Expe ienced
Domes ic Violence and Thei Spouses (Acco ding o he Women’s Assessmen )
№
Values and Roles
A a age a i hme ic alue (N=3.17)
The Deg ee o
Compa ibili y o
Spouses’ Family
Values
A Woman’s
A i ude Towa d
He Own Values
A Woman’s
A i ude Towa d
He Husband’s
Values
1.
Sexual Rela ions
6.72
3.19
3.53
2.
Spouses’ Compa ibili y
as Indi iduals
5.61
2.26
3.35
3.
Household and Domes ic
Sphe e
7.37
2.67
3.70
4.
Pa en al and Educa ional
Role
6.12
4.78
1.44
5.
Social Ac i i y
4.56
5.01
-0.45
6.
Emo ional and
Psycho he apeu ic Sphe e
6.82
2.44
4.38
7.
Physical A ac i eness
5.29
1.33
3,96
In ac , o some ex en , he e may be sa is ac ion and con en men be ween spouses as
sexual pa ne s. Howe e , he exis ence o iolence agains he woman makes i impossible o he
o accep he husband emo ionally and spi i ually. A he same ime, he compa ibili y index o
he spouses’ alues ega ding pe sonal compa ibili y was 3.35. Acco ding o he me hodology
s anda ds ( alues highe han 3 poin s indica e de ia ion om he no m), his index also di e s
om he no ma i e alue. The psychological in e p e a ion o his empi ical esul can be
exp essed as ollows: be o e he occu ence o iolence, he spouses undoub edly ecognized each
o he as indi iduals o some deg ee. Howe e , as he ela ionship de e io a ed, dis up ions in
mu ual ecogni ion o each o he as indi iduals eme ged.
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The compa ibili y o alues conce ning household managemen also showed a ela i ely
high index o 3.70, which exceeds he no ma i e h eshold o di e en ia ion be ween husband
and wi e’s alues. In his ega d, while he woman’s assessmen o he own le el o domes ic
managemen was wi hin he no mal ange, he husband did no hold posi i e socio-psychological
expec a ions owa d he in managing household a ai s.
Fu he mo e, he inconsis ency in he spouses’ alues was pa icula ly p onounced in he
emo ional-psycho he apeu ic dimension, wi h an index o 4.38, signi ican ly abo e he no m. This
alue indica es he absence o wa m and suppo i e ela ionships be ween he spouses— he
husband does no show complimen s, p aise, kind wo ds, o emo ional suppo owa d his wi e.
Na u ally, his si ua ion is especially emphasized in he e alua ions o women who ha e
expe ienced psychological iolence. As o ex e nal a ac i eness, he e was also a no iceable
de ia ion om he no m in he compa ibili y o alues be ween spouses. This shows ha men, o
some ex en , ail o accep hei wi es’ physical appea ance. The lack o alignmen in hese alues
ul ima ely leads women o s op expec ing since e and genuine a i udes om hei husbands.
Howe e , wo alue dimensions we e ound o be ee om disc epancies be ween he
amily alues o husbands and wi es. The i s was pa en al (educa ional) oles, wi h an index o
1.44, and he second was social ac i i y, wi h an index o –0.45—bo h below he no ma i e alue
(3). This sugges s ha , despi e domes ic iolence, many amilies emain oge he p ima ily o he
sake o hei child en. In Uzbek cul u e, many women endu e e en he mos in ole able beha io
o hei husbands o he well-being o hei child en. Simila ly, he e a e also a he s who, despi e
being emo ionally dis an om hei wi es, show lo e and ca e owa d hei child en. This
explana ion indica es ha he con inua ion o ma i al li e in such amilies is o en due o pa en al
oles. Con e sely, in amilies wi hou child en, he ma i al bond is much mo e likely o b eak as a
esul o domes ic iolence.
In e ms o social ac i i y oles, compa ibili y be ween spouses can also be a ibu ed o
he wi e’s espec and ca e o he husband’s pa en s o ela i es, which in u n s eng hens he
pe cei ed alignmen in amily alues. The empi ical analysis o compa ibili y in amily alues was
u he p ocessed s a is ically acco ding o adi ional (nonpa ame ic) compa a i e c i e ia used
in such s udies. The in e p e a ion o hese indings is p esen ed below. The ini ial empi ical alues
a e ela ed o he amily ypes o domes ic iolence ic ims (see Table 1.2).
Table 1.2
Indica o s o Family Values o Women Expe iencing Domes ic Violence (Acco ding o
Family Type)
№
C i e ia
A a age colo
U
p*
Mul i-laye ed
amily (n=167)
Nuclea amily
(n=150)
1.
Sexual Rela ions
164.56
152.81
11596
0.248
2.
Spouses’ Compa ibili y as
Indi iduals
162.36
155.26
11964
0.487
3.
Household and Domes ic Sphe e
158.81
159.21
12494
0.969
4.
Pa en al and Educa ional
Func ion
159.56
158.38
12432
0.908
5.
Social Ac i i y
154.97
163.49
11852
0.405
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6.
Emo ional and
Psycho he apeu ic Sphe e
160.77
155.99
12073.5
0.639
7.
Physical A ac i eness
153.36
164.27
11582.5
0.285
No e: No signi ican di e ences we e obse ed be ween he indica o s.
Acco ding o he empi ical da a on he amily alues o women who ha e expe ienced
domes ic iolence, no s a is ically signi ican di e ences we e ound be ween ex ended and
nuclea amilies. The analysis o amily alues based on egional cha ac e is ics (see Table 3.3)
e ealed ce ain a ia ions in women’s amily alues unde he in luence o iolence. Empi ical
indings showed ha women’s alues ega ding sexual ela ions, ecogni ion o spouses as
indi iduals, household managemen , social ac i i y, and emo ional-psycho he apeu ic aspec s
we e ela i ely simila . This simila i y may indica e ha women who ha e expe ienced domes ic
iolence end o o m a common pa e n o alue o ien a ions as membe s o he same social g oup.
Howe e , di e ences we e obse ed in he emo ional-psycho he apeu ic alues o women
aged 18–20 yea s. Despi e being pa o young amilies, hei alue o ien a ions di e ed sha ply
om hose o women in o he age g oups. Young ma ied women expec a ec ion, kind wo ds,
mo al and emo ional suppo , and app ecia ion om hei pa ne s, seeking psychological com o
in hei ma i al ela ionships. Con e sely, unexpec ed and inapp op ia e beha io associa ed wi h
iolence leads o changes in hei alue sys ems.
Conclusion. The posi i e and nega i e aspec s o amily alues and in e pe sonal
ela ionships among women who ha e expe ienced iolence a e an in eg al pa o hei socio-
psychological p o ile. The indings o his s udy demons a ed ha , al hough he amily alues o
women subjec ed o iolence sha e simila social cha ac e is ics, hei a i udes—posi i e,
nega i e, o indi e en —do no eme ge spon aneously bu a e shaped by psychological and social
ac o s. The e o e, i is essen ial o es ablish an e ec i e psychological suppo sys em aimed a
helping ic ims o iolence o e come he psychological p essu es hey ace. O he wise,
indi e ence owa d women who expe ience domes ic iolence will ine i ably lead o he
deepening and wo sening o his social p oblem. Hence, based on bo h he heo e ical amewo k
and empi ical esea ch p esen ed in his s udy, i is c ucial and necessa y o de elop a
comp ehensi e psychological sys em o he p e en ion o domes ic iolence and he p o ec ion
o women’s men al well-being.
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