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SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
PERSONALITY
U.U. Shuku o a
Gulis an S a e Uni e si y, Facul y o Psychology and Social Sciences, Depa men o Pedagogy
and Psychology, Associa e P o esso
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17540900
Abs ac . This a icle p o ides de ini ions o he socio-psychological cha ac e is ics o
pe sonali y and he scien i ic analysis o scien is s on he s uc u e o pe sonali y, as well as iews
on he ole o pe sonali y in social li e. Today, in he ield o psychology, he p oblema ic issues o
pe sonali y s uc u e and i s componen s a e o g ea ele ance. A numbe o s udies a e being
conduc ed in he ield o psychology o explo e his issue.
Keywo ds: s a ic s uc u e, uni e sal psychological cha ac e is ics, socially speci ic
ea u es, indi idual and unique quali ies, in e nal sys em, na ional, p o essional, economic,
poli ical, class uni y, psychological image, socially condi ioned o ien a ion, subs uc u e, dynamic
s uc u e.
In oduc ion. In s udying he socio-psychological cha ac e is ics o pe sonali y, i is
necessa y o ake in o accoun he opinions and scien i ic iews o bo h o eign schola s and hose
om he Commonweal h o Independen S a es (CIS).
A pe sonali y is an indi idual who is he p oduc o social and in e pe sonal ela ions and
he subjec o conscious ac i i y. The mos impo an cha ac e is ic o pe sonali y is i s di ec
connec ion wi h complex social ela ions and i s dual ole as bo h he objec and he subjec o
social ac i i y. One o he mos essen ial quali ies o pe sonali y is ha i pe cei es and in e nalizes
ex e nal social in luences h ough i s consciousness and cogni ion (as an objec ) and hen ac s upon
hem (as a subjec ). I is well known ha he issue o pe sonali y is s udied in gene al psychology,
de elopmen al and educa ional psychology, di e en ial psychology, legal psychology, and a
numbe o o he specialized b anches. Each b anch examines pe sonali y issues acco ding o i s
own subjec and objec i es. Fo ins ance, gene al psychology conside s pe sonali y as a p oduc
o psychological ac i i y and he bea e o indi idual men al p ocesses, while sociology iews i
as an objec o social ela ions.
Main Pa . The dis inc ea u e o he socio-psychological app oach o pe sonali y lies in
i s in e p e a ion o pe sonali y as he esul o a ious o ms o in e ac ion wi h di e en g oups.
In o he wo ds, social psychology p ima ily s udies he laws go e ning he beha io o an
indi idual as a membe o a g oup and how social in e ac ions a e e lec ed in he indi idual’s
consciousness. Acco ding o B.D. Pa igin, he s a ic s uc u e o pe sonali y includes he
ollowing:
1. Uni e sal psychological cha ac e is ics;
2. Socially speci ic ea u es ela ed o na ionali y, p o ession, economy, poli ics, and class
uni y;
3. Indi idual and unique pe sonal ai s.
In ou opinion, each o hese cha ac e is ics exis s wi hin he human psyche; hey do no
ep esen sepa a e o isola ed se s o ai s bu a he o m an in eg a ed sys em. Acco ding o he
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Ame ican psychologis G. Allpo , pe sonali y is an “in e nal sys em,” a “dynamic o ganiza ion,”
a “sel ,” o a kind o “me apsychological sel ” ha embodies p e-de e mined goals and
disposi ions, ha moniously shaping human hough and beha io . Fo his eason, he class-
his o ical assessmen o pe sonali y o en emains unde explo ed, and psychological in e p e a ion
akes he place o social analysis.
As B.D. Pa igin s ongly asse s, he leading ea u e o he dynamic s uc u e o
pe sonali y is i s close ela ion o ime and i s dependence on he s a e o he psyche o he ac i i y
o he indi idual. Pa igin iden i ies wo main aspec s o his s uc u e — men al s a es and
beha io . In his iew, a pe son’s mood o psychological eadiness plays a c ucial ole, se ing as
an indica o o enewal and ans o ma ion wi hin he pe sonali y.
The dynamic unc ional s uc u e o pe sonali y p oposed by K.K. Pla ono a ouses g ea
scien i ic in e es . The schola s i es o c ea e a mul i-le el model ha encompasses he ull
di e si y o pe sonali y ai s. Acco ding o Pla ono , he elemen s o pe sonali y s uc u e a e i s
p ope ies, cha ac e is ics, and image. He dis inguishes ou in e ela ed subs uc u es o
pe sonali y, each e lec ing di e en aspec s o he indi idual.
1. The socially condi ioned subs uc u e, which uni es a pe son’s mo al image, a i udes, and
o ien a ion. The ai s ela ed o his subs uc u e a e no di ec ly connec ed wi h na u al
inclina ions and a e o med h ough educa ion and upb inging.
2. The subs uc u e o expe ience, which includes knowledge, skills, habi s, and
compe encies acqui ed h ough lea ning. Howe e , as Pla ono emphasizes, his p ocess
occu s unde he in luence o he biologically condi ioned ai s o an indi idual. Th ough
his subs uc u e, a pe son assimila es he his o ical expe ience o humankind.
3. The subs uc u e o indi idual cha ac e is ics, which de e mines ce ain psychological
p ocesses such as ypes o memo y, s abili y o emo ional eac ions, and modes o lea ning.
He e, he in luence o biologically condi ioned cha ac e is ics is e en mo e e iden .
4. The biologically condi ioned subs uc u e, which combines biopsychic ea u es,
empe amen ( ypological ai s), gende and age cha ac e is ics, and also includes possible
pa hological changes in he indi idual. This subs uc u e de elops h ough aining and
depends on he mo phological and physiological cha ac e is ics o he b ain. Acco ding o
Pla ono , his subs uc u e o ms he ounda ion o he pe sonali y’s image and essen ial
ai s.
The psychologis V.S. Me lin also paid special a en ion o he s uc u e o pe sonali y.
He belie ed ha one o i s essen ial componen s, which canno be di ided in o smalle pa s, is a
pe son’s ai s. Each ai e lec s a speci ic di ec ion o o ien a ion and embodies he indi idual’s
a i udes. Based on his, Me lin de ined he s uc u e o pe sonali y as a “symp om complex” —
an o ganized and in e ela ed sys em o pe sonali y ai s ha exp ess a pe son’s a i ude owa d
hemsel es, o he s, and labo .
Unlike o he heo is s, R. Ca ell did no imme se himsel in excessi e obse a ion o ely
solely on in ui i e unde s anding o human na u e. Ins ead, his app oach was based on p ecise
empi ical me hods and obse a ion. The s uc u e o Ca ell’s scien i ic model is guided by a single
leading goal: o iden i y he undamen al ai s o pe sonali y using he me hod o ac o analysis.
Simila o Allpo , Ca ell belie ed ha pe sonali y ai s o m co e s uc u es esponsible o
human beha io . Howe e , unlike Allpo , he ejec ed he no ion ha ai s exis only wi hin a
pe son’s in e nal wo ld. In his iew, ai s ha e no conc e e neu ophysiological s a us, ye hey can
be obse ed h ough beha io al pa e ns.
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Ca ell’s objec i e and s a is ically g ounded analysis o beha io al cha ac e is ics
dese es ecogni ion. His heo y ep esen s a comp ehensi e and well-de eloped amewo k in
mode n psychology. Despi e i s complexi y, i emains a c ucial concep o anyone aiming o
s udy pe sonali y sys ema ically. Ca ell’s heo y a emp s o explain he complex in e ela ion
be ween he pe sonali y sys em and he socio-cul u al ma ix in which i unc ions. He emphasizes
ha any adequa e model o pe sonali y mus ake in o accoun he se o ai s, pe sonali y- o ming
ac o s, gene ic peculia i ies, he in luence o en i onmen , and he in e ac ion be ween he edi y
and en i onmen — all o which a ec human beha io . Acco ding o Ca ell, he heo y o p ope
unc ioning and de elopmen o pe sonali y mus ely on igo ous esea ch me hods and p ecise
measu emen s.
Conclusion. In conclusion, when s udying he socio-psychological cha ac e is ics o a
pe son, analyzing he opinions o a ious schola s shows ha B. D. Pa igin emphasized he
uni e sal psychological ai s inhe en in a pe son, as well as he social cha ac e is ics ela ed o
na ional, p o essional, economic, poli ical, and class a ilia ions, along wi h he indi idual and
unique quali ies o he pe sonali y. Acco ding o he Ame ican psychologis G. Allpo , a pe son
is an “inne sys em,” a “dynamic s uc u e,” a “sel ,” o a “me apsychological sel ” ha e lec s
p ede e mined goals and disposi ions, shaping human hough and beha io in ha mony. K. K.
Pla ono ’s heo y o he s uc u e o pe sonali y also a ouses g ea in e es . Thus, o
comp ehensi ely esol e he issue o he s uc u e o pe sonali y, i is necessa y o adhe e o ce ain
essen ial condi ions.
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