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The e icacy o elas ic bandage o a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling
o he pa ien wi h os eoa h i is
Ma. Fe M. Manguia *
Physical The apy Depa men , School o Heal h Science P o essions, S . Dominic College o Asia,
Bacoo , Ca i e, Philippines
*Co esponding au ho : ma e_mangu[email p o ec ed]
Abs ac
One common ch onic join disease ha causes pain and de e io a ion is knee os eoa h i is
(OA). One non-in asi e ea men op ion o OA is physio he apy, which includes di e en
echniques. Resea ch ega ding cu en physio he apy in e en ions is ga he ed in his
a icle. Pain can be dec eased by using knee aping wi h he goal o ealigning he pa ella
and alle ia ing so issue ension. The esea che used a desc ip i e me hod o esea ch.
The majo ool in da a ga he ing is a esea che -made checklis and ques ionnai e ha
showed he e ec s o elas ic bandages and a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o
he pa ien . Mos esponden s said ha i is esponsible o mino side e ec s, mos
commonly mild skin i i a ion. I also shows he ad an ages o an elas ic bandage o
a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o he pa ien wi h os eoa h i is. Mos o he
esponden s answe ed i imp o es he unc ional capaci y and pain o indi iduals wi h
os eoa h i is. I is unclea how bandages o aping could in luence he pa ello emo al
join 's alignmen and posi ion. The imp o emen in a Join Posi ion Sense (JPS) ask and
he success o pa ella aping may be explained by o he simple senso y mechanisms ha
in ol e s imula ion o he skin, endons, and muscles a he han physical ealignmen o
he join s.
Keywo ds: Muscle aping; Knee os eoa h i is (KOA); Join posi ion sense; Knee pain.
To ci e his a icle:
Manguia , M. F. M. (2022). The e icacy o elas ic bandage o a hle ic ape in educing pain and
swelling o he pa ien wi h os eoa h i is. SDCA Jou nal o Physical The apy, 3, 1-6.
In oduc ion
As he popula ion ages, knee os eoa h i is has become mo e p e alen and is one o he main causes
o ob aining medical and physical he apy se ices. Pain, join emo , swelling, and muscle weakness a e
among he common clinical signs and symp oms. These esul in a dec ease in physical unc ioning,
including s anding up om a sea ed posi ion, climbing s ai s, kneeling, and walking, as well as a highe
chance o alling. Al hough he e a e se e al KOA ea men op ions a ailable in he li e a u e, physical
he apy's non-pha macological and non-su gical app oaches a e seen o be he mos e ec i e and a e
ad ised as a i s line o ea men (Lim & Al-Dadah, 2022). Ae obic and muscle-s eng hening exe cises
a e pa o he ea men , and hey ha e been epo ed o cause imp o emen s in pain and pe o mance
among pa ien s wi h KOA (B yk e al., 2012). Howe e , he ecommended p ac ice o hese exe cises is
cons ained by echnical ba ie s due o he unc ional es ic ions c ea ed by pain and muscula weakness,
and occasionally hey become dull, uncom o able, and insu icien as a esul . O he o ms o he apy,
including neu omuscula elec o-s imula ion (NMES), a ious manual he apy echniques, he mo he apy
and c yo he apy p ocedu es, as well as he use o knee slee es and aping, ha e been ela ed o he ea men
o KOA o lessen discom o . All hese esou ces, excep o knee slee es, ely on he physical he apis 's
echnical p o iciency o be used. Knee slee es may he e o e be a simple sel -use ool o manage pain du ing
exe cise, inc easing i s e icacy. Rela ed s udies show ha using knee slee es helps people wi h KOA wi h
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hei join posi ion sensa ion, discom o , s i ness, and unc ioning (DeRoga is e al., 2019; Khos a i e al.,
2021; Schween e al., 2015).
To de e mine he he apeu ic signi icance o elas ic knee slee es as a complemen du ing an
exe cise-based ea men , his s udy seeks o e alua e he immedia e e ec i eness o hese slee es on he
pain and unc ional abili y o indi iduals wi h KOA. In his way, knee slee es can mi iga e discom o and
enhance unc ional abili y du ing he sugges ed es s. The human knee wi hs ands amoun s o ex eme
weigh -bea ing s ess when we walk o un. Os eoa h i is is a degene a i e p ocess cha ac e ized by a
a iable deg ee o join pain, ende ness, dec eased ange o mo ion (ROM), c epi us, occasional e usions,
and in lamma ion. This a ec s he unc ional s a us o an indi idual wi h os eoa h i is knee. All his leads
o an inc ease in he s ess o ces on he p op iocep o s. P op iocep o s p o ide in o ma ion abou he a e
o mo emen and deg ee o join angula ion. Thus, p op iocep i e aining is an impo an componen o
os eoa h i is knee ehabili a ion. P op iocep ion inc eases he s a e o eadiness o he join , dec easing he
chance o e-inju y on e u n o daily ac i i ies. E e y mo emen o he elas ic bandage on he skin a ec s
p op iocep i e acui y and op imizes cu aneous eeling a ound he knee join , which in u n imp o es
p op iocep ion and sel -e icacy when doing daily asks. Elas ic bandages also gi e ac ile impulses o skin
ecep o s (Oli a e al., 2015).
One common ch onic join disease ha causes pain and de e io a ion is knee os eoa h i is (OA).
One non-in asi e ea men op ion o OA is physio he apy, which includes di e en modali ies. While he
ype o physical ac i i y appea s o ha e no impac on he ou come o ea men , he e is subs an ial e idence
ha exe cise has sho - e m posi i e e ec s on pain and unc ion. All deli e y me hods—indi idual, g oup,
and a -home exe cises—a e success ul; howe e , implica ions may be expanded by he apis in e ac ion.
To op imize esul s o e a leng hy pe iod, a en ion mus be paid owa ds imp o ing exe cise adhe ence.
Pain can be dec eased by using knee aping wi h he goal o ealigning he pa ella and elie ing so issue
ension. The implemen a ion o knee b aces in pa ien s wi h knee OA is also suppo ed by in o ma ion
(Callaghan e al., 2012).
Al hough clinical ials ha e no ound symp oma ic bene i s, biomechanical in es iga ions
demons a e ha la e al wedge shoe insoles p e en knee s ain. Indi idual shoe cha ac e is ics could
in luence knee load, and so he impac o al e ed shoe designs is cu en ly o in e es (Hoi z e al., 2020;
Pa e son e al., 2017; Shaw e al., 2018). Manual he apy may be help ul, bu i should no se e as a
ea men in and o i sel . As a esul , he e is enough da a o sugges ha physio he apy he apies help
lessen pain and enhance unc ion in people wi h knee OA, e en hough he s udy is no conclusi e (Page e
al., 2011).
The goal o applying s apping o s ong adhesi e ape is o s aigh en he pa ella and alle ia e so e
so issue. In addi ion o helping wi h pa icipa ion in o he highly ad ised he apies, such as esis ance and
ca dio ascula land-based and aqua ic wo kou s, aping is an e icien pain- elie ing echnique o knee
os eoa h i is. P io o uncom o able ac i i ies like exe cise, ape is applied; ne e heless, depending on
he du abili y o he adhesi e, he ape may emain a ached o days o weeks. I migh be essen ial o sha e
he skin be o e pu ing on ape, which should be conduc ed 12 hou s be o ehand. Be o e pu ing he ape
on, i is o make su e he skin is well cleansed and d ied. To ee alua e he pa ien ’s le el o pain once he
ape is applied, a he apis should ask hem o unde ake a symp om-p o oking ac i i y, such as s epping
down, be o e applying he ape. Using ape o educe discom o immedia ely can yield be e esul s by
si ing o es ing on he edge o a chai wi h he leg ele a ed and he high muscles elaxed. The combina ion
o ea men s may educe he pa ien ’s pain depending on he choice. The pa ella and he medial and la e al
knee egions should be co e ed by applying many s ips o hypoalle genic ape ac oss he knee a ea
(Handbook o Non-D ug In e en ion (HANDI) P ojec Team, 2013).
This s udy aims o de e mine he elas ic bandage o a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o
pa ien s. Speci ically, i seeks o answe he ollowing:
1. Wha is he demog aphic p o ile o he esponden s (age and gende )?
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2. Wha is he e ec o elas ic bandage o a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o
pa ien s?
3. Wha is he ad an age o elas ic bandage o a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o
pa ien s wi h os eoa h i is?
Me hodology
The p esen s udy u ilized a quan i a i e non-expe imen al esea ch design ha included he
desc ip ion, eco ding, analysis, and in e p e a ion o exis ing condi ions, as well as he analysis o da a
collec ed and eco ded. The desc ip i e me hod o s udy was employed by a esea che . The desc ip i e
me hod’s objec i e is o collec , assess, classi y, and abula e da a ega ding he si ua ion, p ac ices, belie s,
p ocedu es, ends, and cause-and-e ec ela ionships. An app op ia e and use ul in e p e a ion o he da a
is hen made using s a is ical echniques.
Based on hei use ulness and ele ance o he cu en s udy, he collec ed da a and in o ma ion
we e examined and assessed. Ques ionnai es we e he main ool he esea che used o collec da a. In line
wi h his, Gline e al. (2016) s a ed ha he goal o he desc ip i e esea ch is o explain he cu en
ci cums ances o pa e ns o beha io o he indi iduals, g oups, o o ganiza ions ha a e ypically he
subjec o he s udy. Addi ionally, i is ocused on he exis ing s a e and ela ionships, as well as p esen
beha io s, belie s, poin s o iew, a i udes, p ocedu es ha ha e an impac , and eme ging ends.
Sampling and Pa icipan s
Taking se e al sepa a e obse a ions om a simila p obabili y dis ibu ion wi hou in ol ing any
ac ual popula ion is e e ed o as andom sampling. E e y i em in a p obabili y sample has a known chance
o being included in he sample. Fi y (50) a hle es om selec ed schools we e iden i ied as esponden s o
answe he ques ionnai e based on hei knowledge, ideas, and obse a ion.
Da a Analysis
The ollowing p ocedu es we e implemen ed in ga he ing necessa y da a o in o ma ion. The
esea che s sea ched o and aced he con ac in o ma ion o he esponden s. A e sea ching and acing,
he esea che s asked a a o om he esponden s o answe he se s o ques ionnai es needed o he s udy.
A e he dis ibu ion, he answe ed ques ionnai es by he esponden s we e e ie ed immedia ely a e he
esponden s answe ed he ques ionnai es. Then he da a om he answe ed ques ionnai e we e ans e ed
o a shee o pape so ha a comple e se o esponses om each i em can be allied.
The da a ga he ed we e abula ed and we e in e p e ed h ough equencies and pe cen ages o
analysis and compa ison pu poses o ind ou how e ec i e he elas ic bandage and a hle ic ape we e in
educing pain and swelling o he pa ien s wi h os eoa h i is.
E hical Conside a ion
The au ho s ob ained in o med consen om he pa icipan s ha is inco po a ed on a su ey
ques ionnai e. The esea che s ensu ed ha olun a y pa icipa ion is encou aged by he esponden s in his
esea ch. Fu he mo e, he p o ec ion o p i acy and espec o he digni y o esea ch pa icipan s was
p io i ized in his ma e .
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Resul s and Discussion
Table 1. Demog aphic P o ile o he Responden s in e ms o Age (n = 50)
Age
F equency
Pe cen age
15-17 yea s old
10
20%
18-20 yea s old
35
70%
21 yea s old and abo e
5
10%
In Table 1 which is he demog aphic p o ile o he esponden s in e ms o age, mos esponden s
(70%) answe ed 18-20 yea s old, ollowed by 20% o he esponden s who answe ed 15-17 yea s old, and
he emaining 10% o he esponden s answe ed 21 yea s old and abo e.
Table 2. Demog aphic P o ile o he Responden s in e ms o Gende (n = 50)
Gende
F equency
Pe cen age
Male
30
60%
Female
20
40%
Table 2 de e mines he demog aphic p o ile o he esponden s in e ms o gende . Six y pe cen
(60%) o he esponden s a e males, and he emaining esponden s (40%) a e emales.
Table 3. E ec s o elas ic bandage o a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o pa ien (n = 50)
E ec s
F equency
Pe cen age
Pa icipan ’s inhe en knee p op iocep i e abili y
15
30%
Assis ing in pa icipa ion in o he s ongly
ecommended he apies
10
20%
Associa ed wi h negligible ad e se e ec s which
gene ally include mino skin i i a ion
25
50%
Table 3 shows he e ec s o elas ic bandage o a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o
pa ien s. App oxima ely hal (50%) o he esponden s said ha i has been associa ed o insigni ican side
e ec s, mos commonly mild skin i i a ion. This is ollowed by 30% o he esponden s answe ed
pa icipan s’ inhe en knee p op iocep i e abili y, and he emaining 20% o he esponden s answe ed
assis ed pa icipa ion in o he s ongly ecommended he apies.
Table 4. The ad an ages o elas ic bandage o a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o he pa ien
wi h os eoa h i is (n = 50)
E ec s
F equency
Pe cen age
I can aid in he p ac ice o he apeu ic exe cises.
5
10%
I can imp o e he unc ional capaci y and pain o
indi iduals wi h os eoa h i is.
40
80%
I s clinical impo ance as an adju an du ing an
exe cise-based ea men .
5
10%
Table 4 shows he ad an ages o elas ic bandage o a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o
he pa ien wi h os eoa h i is. Eigh y pe cen (80%) o he esponden s answe ed ha i imp o es he
unc ional capaci y and pain o indi iduals wi h os eoa h i is. Bo h i s clinical signi icance as an addi ion
du ing an ac i i y-based ea men and i s abili y o suppo he apeu ic exe cise p ac ice we e indica ed by
10% o he esponden s each.
I is unclea how bandages o aping could in luence he pa ello emo al join 's alignmen and
posi ion. The imp o emen in a Join Posi ion Sense (JPS) ask and he success o pa ella aping may be
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explained by o he simple senso y mechanisms ha in ol e s imula ion o he skin, endons, and muscles
a he han physical ealignmen o he join s (Oli a e al., 2015). Thus a , e e y p op iocep ion s udy has
ei he assessed he ul ima e esul o skele al muscle ac i a ion and join mo ion using me hods like JPS o
i has analyzed a iables along he e e en and a e en pa hways. Bandage s yle and i ing a e equen ly
e alua ed based on pa ien sa is ac ion a he han e ec i eness and p op iocep ion. Hassan e al. (2002)
e alua ed wo elas ica ed bandage i ings o de e mine whe he a igh e elas ica ed bandage would ha e a
mo e ad e se e ec han a loose one.
Conclusion and Recommenda ions
The s udy inds ha elas ic bandages may ha e a ew modes side e ec s, mos commonly mild
skin i i a ion among o he skin condi ions such as insec bi es and sc apes. I is also shown ha people wi h
os eoa h i is may ha e less pain and mo e unc ional abili y wi h elas ic bandages made o a hle ic ape,
hus dec easing join s ess.
The ollowing ecommenda ions a e conside ed ele an and necessa y o he s udy:
1. The a hle es should de e mine he knowledge and a i ude owa d he use o elas ic
bandages and a hle ic ape.
2. The nu ses should ha e insigh s o ideas on how he e ec i eness o elas ic bandages
compa ed o a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o he pa ien wi h os eoa h i is.
3. This s udy will se e as a guide o he go e nmen o hem o use he elas ic bandage as
a hle ic ape in educing pain and swelling o he pa ien wi h os eoa h i is.
4. This s udy will se e as a guide o e e ence o u u e esea che s in conduc ing a s udy
ela ed o his opic.
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