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Home-based ae obic condi ioning p og am o well-popula ion adul s amids
COVID-19
Ma ia Ella A. Salaza *, Pa icia Nicole T. Dagum, Hannah Chelsea B. Dela To e, Ma ciano G. Lipana,
John Ad iane A. Na a, Sean Gab ielle M. Pinon, Ma izza Isabel C. Riego De Dios, Roland L. Sa dan
Physical The apy Depa men , School o Heal h Science P o essions, S . Dominic College o Asia,
Bacoo , Ca i e, Philippines
*Co esponding au ho
Abs ac
The main objec i e o his s udy is o de e mine he ele ance and impo ance o knowing
he p ope p esc ip ion o home-based ae obic exe cises o well-popula ed adul s amids
COVID-19 pandemic. This s udy aims o p o ide ecommenda ions o imp o emen s o
home-based ae obic exe cise as well as he de elopmen o he p og am’s s ong poin s. I
also aims o de e mine he s eng h, weaknesses, oppo uni ies, and h ea s o a home-
based ae obic condi ioning p og am o well-popula ed adul s du ing he COVID-19
pandemic. Pu posi e sampling design was used o selec ing he pa icipan s in his s udy.
This me hod was used because i is one o he mos ime- and cos -e ec i e sampling
me hods a ailable. The esea che s we e able o ga he 50 pa icipan s, who we e aged
16-30 yea s old, should ha e home-based wo k and school, and we e esiding in Bacoo
Ci y, Ca i e, Philippines. The esea che s di ided he exe cise ou ine in o h ee
componen s: In ensi y, F equency, and Du a ion. Based on he esul s, condi ioning
exe cise has signi ican e ec s in imp o ing he o e all heal h, immune sys em, and
cogni i e abili ies o well-popula ed adul s. Fu he mo e, p o iding an app op ia e dosage
o exe cise p esc ip ion, as well as de e mina ion o p ope in o ma ion on he cu en
condi ion o he clien s, is he key o ha ing he bes possible ou comes o a condi ioning
p og am. No only does his imp o e and maximize he physical capabili ies o clien s, bu
i also imp o es hei men al and cogni i e abili ies.
Keywo ds: Home-based ae obic condi ioning; Well-popula ion adul s; F equency;
In ensi y; Du a ion.
To ci e his a icle:
Salaza , M. E. A., Dagum, P. N. T., Dela To e, H. C. B., Lipana, M. G., Na a, J. A. A., Pino, S. G.
M., Riego de Dios, M. I. C., & Sa dan, R. L. (2022). Home-based ae obic condi ioning p og am o
well-popula ion adul s amids COVID-19. SDCA Jou nal o Physical The apy, 3, 23-31.
In oduc ion
People we e used o li ing hei no mal li es and doing ac i i ies wi hou limi a ions and
es ic ions in he pas , howe e all hese hings changed ab up ly. Las Decembe 1, 2019, he i s pe son
in ec ed wi h COVID-19 was de ec ed in Wuhan Ci y, Hubei P o ince in China. Un o una ely, i was no
un il la e Decembe 2019, ha Chinese doc o s s a ed o ealize he g a i y o he si ua ion and how hey
we e suddenly aced wi h an en i ely new and deadly i us. Wuhan was placed unde qua an ine as hospi als
began s uggling wi h many in ec ed pa ien s who we e mani es ing wi h unknown symp oms akin o ha
o pneumonia. In Ma ch 2020, he Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion (WHO) o icially decla ed he COVID-19
ou b eak a na ionwide pandemic because he i us kep sp eading ac oss he coun y. Fo mos people who
a e heal hy and ge in ec ed, he symp oms a e usually mild o mode a e, and hey o en eco e wi hou
needing any special medical ca e. Olde adul s and people who al eady ha e o he heal h p oblems, such
as hea disease, diabe es, ch onic lung disease, o cance , a e mo e likely o ace se ious symp oms i hey
ge sick (Cucino a & Vanelli, 2020).
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Du ing he ime whe ein all was no mal, mos people exe cised. May i be a simple jog, walking,
and o he means o making ou bodies swea . Ge ing su icien physical ac i i y can p e en one in en
p ema u e dea hs, ye only hal o olde adul s engage in he le el o physical ac i i y needed o educe and
p e en ch onic diseases. Bu because o he pandemic, many o he hings ha people do no mally be o e
ha e changed. Due o he ongoing pandemic, a lo o es ablishmen s including gyms ha e been closed o
a e es ic ed, making i mo e challenging o people o engage in physical i ness ac i i ies (Kau e al.,
2020). None heless, inding a way o adap o hese new condi ions is i al o main aining ou heal h and
imp o ing ou o e all well-being. Since mos people a e o ced o s ay inside hei homes, i is bene icial
ha hey con inue o exe cise and p e en hemsel es om ha ing a seden a y li es yle.
Regula exe cise and physical ac i i y o e many bene i s. These include helping o manage
weigh , making he hea , bones, and muscles s onge , imp o ing blood low, lowe ing he isk o hea
disease, boos ing men al heal h and mood, lowe ing he chances o ce ain cance s like colon, b eas ,
u e ine, and lung cance , educing he isk o alls in olde people, imp o ing sleep and sexual heal h, and
dec easing he isk o ea ly dea h om majo causes such as hea disease and cance (Mille e al., 2016;
Nys o iak & Bha naga , 2018).
One way o keep he b ain as sha p as i can is doing physical ac i i y. Physical ac i i ies o
exe cises aid in keeping he b ain sha p and engaged as i inc eases oxygen in ake; he e o e, i also helps
in dec easing isks o de eloping condi ions such as diabe es and ca dio ascula illnesses. Exe cise also
imp o es g ow h ac o s and helps in s imula ing new neu onal connec ions, he e o e plays a signi ican
ole in e ms o neu oplas ici y and dec eases he elease o s ess ho mones. Wha is good o he hea is
also good o he b ain and ou o e all well-being and immuni y (De Sousa e al., 2021). Ae obic exe cise
is a ype o condi ioning exe cise ha aims o a ge he ca dio ascula sys em. Ac i i ies such as unning,
walking o cycling a e examples o exe cises ha ge ou ca dio ascula sys em going by equi ing
oxygena ed blood om he hea o ci cula e h ough ou bodies and deli e said oxygena ed blood o he
a ge ed muscles used du ing exe cise (Rome o e al., 2017).
A s udy concluded ha Tae Bo exe cise speci ically imp o es a pe son’s cogni i e abili y while
pe o ming ae obic exe cise (Ca los e al., 2013). While his s udy ound ha ae obic exe cise imp o es a
pe son’s ca dio ascula heal h, egional CBF, and memo y, i is also ound ha i has nega i e e ec s. As
a esul , sho - e m ae obic exe cise inc eases b ain unc ion and cogni ion (Chapman e al., 2013).
Acco ding o Mackay-Lyons e al., (2020), he p ima y goal o ae obic exe cise is no jus o inc ease he
hea a e o he pe son pe o ming ae obic exe cise, bu also o a ge ha pe son’s hea a e and main ain
ha le el o a leas a minimum o 20 minu es o he body o eel an ae obic e ec .
No being ac i e o leading a seden a y li es yle can ha m heal h, well-being, and o e all quali y
o li e. S aying in sel -qua an ine can cause mo e s ess and wo sen men al heal h. Physical and elaxa ion
exe cises can be use ul s a egies o help main ain elaxa ion and heal h du ing his pe iod. Du ing his cycle
o c isis and beha io al isk educ ion, i is impo an o p io i ize wellbeing, which equi es egula
exe cise. Mos adul s know abou physical and men al heal h ad an ages o exe cise, and how impo an i
is o be ac i e egula ly. E en when hings ge ough, public heal h expe s say ha exe cise is s ill essen ial
o s aying heal hy and eeling good men ally. Du ing he COVID-19 pandemic, egula exe cise emains
essen ial unde no mal ci cums ances. Exe cise is pa icula ly help ul o olde adul s who a e mo e likely
o ge sick and o people wi h long- e m condi ions like diabe es, a h i is, o hea disease. Doing egula
exe cise can imp o e balance, lexibili y, s eng h, mobili y, and hea heal h, and also make people boos
ene gy le els and imp o e hei gene al well-being. The Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion ecommends 150
minu es o mode a e-in ensi y o 75 minu es o igo ous-in ensi y ac i i y each week, o a mix o bo h,
which can be done a home wi hou special equipmen (WHO-Eu ope, 2020). Humans a e pe ec ly
designed o mo e and unc ion wi hou limi a ions, no o engage in a seden a y li es yle.
The g ea es isk o COVID-19 in ec ions is exposu e. I is impo an o people o ind c ea i e
ways o s ay ac i e while keeping sa e by ollowing social dis ancing ules, good hygiene p ac ices, and
go e nmen guidelines (Simpson & Ka sanis, 2020). While exe cise may no p e en in ec ion i exposed,
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i is likely ha s aying ac i e can boos he immune sys em, helping o minimize he nega i e e ec s o he
i us, alle ia e symp oms, speed up eco e y imes, and educe he likelihood o ansmission among hose
in con ac .
Exe cise is an inno a i e use o physical mo emen s ha imp o es o e all heal h and wellness,
including cogni i e skills and s eng hens he immune sys em. Ae obic exe cise can be u ilized o enhance
o e all quali y o li e. I has been shown ha his o m o exe cise is one o he mos p e e ed exe cises by
he people, especially popula among pa ien s wi h high-g ade glioma due o i s ela i ely low in ensi y,
which allows heal hy and sicke popula ion o pe o m a ious physical ac i i ies wi hou exe ing much
e o as compa ed o anae obic o ms such as s eng hening exe cises. In ae obic exe cise, la ge muscles
a e used con inuously and hy hmically, which also causes he hea and lungs o wo k ha de (Culos-Reed
e al., 2017).
S udies show ha egula ae obic exe cise can imp o e he immune sys em and b ain unc ion,
e en in heal hy people. The s uc u e o he b ain, which suppo s cogni i e abili ies, can be s eng hened
h ough exe cise. The e is s ong e idence showing ha ae obic exe cise is closely linked o imp o emen s
in key a eas o b ain unc ion, such as swi ching asks, ocusing a en ion, con olling impulses, and
emembe ing in o ma ion (Guiney & Machado, 2013).
VO2max is he key ac o in de e mining success in ae obic exe cise. Peak oxygen up ake a ies
depending on he in ensi y o he ac i i y. A s udy by Helge ud e al. (2007) compa ed he imp o emen o
VO2max be ween high-in ensi y in e al aining and mode a e aining in ol ing long slow dis ance,
lac a e h eshold, 15/15 in e al unning, and 4x4 minu e in e al unning. Findings showed ha high-
in ensi y ae obic endu ance in e al aining (15/15 and 4x4 minu e aining g oups) was mo e e ec i e
a e eigh weeks (Helge ud e al., 2007).
This s udy is c ucial as i can posi i ely impac he o e all heal h and ca dio ascula endu ance.
I se es as a ool o enhance heal h, po en ial, and unde s anding o exe cise p esc ip ion, especially in
p e en ing inju y du ing physical ac i i ies. They may use he knowledge gained wi hin his esea ch as a
guide whene e hey pe o m ae obic exe cise o boos hei immune sys em and o nu u e hei heal h,
which is imely and necessa y du ing his ongoing onslaugh o he cu en COVID-19 pandemic.
Objec i es o he S udy
This s udy aims o de e mine he ele ance and impo ance o knowing he p ope p esc ip ion
o home based ae obic exe cises o well popula ed adul s. Speci ically, i aims:
1. To de e mine he impo ance o p ope exe cise p esc ip ion o home-based ae obic
condi ioning p og ams o well-popula ed adul s du ing COVID-19.
2. To p o ide ecommenda ions o imp o emen s o he weak poin s o he home-based
ae obic exe cise and o he de elopmen o he s ong poin s o he p og am.
3. To de e mine he s eng h, weaknesses, oppo uni ies, and h ea s o home-based ae obic
condi ioning p og ams o well-popula ed adul s du ing he mids o COVID-19.
Resea ch ques ions we e made o his s udy:
1. Wha is he esponden s’ demog aphic p o ile in e ms o age and sex?
2. Wha is he esponden ’s exe cise p o ile in e ms o in ensi y, equency, and du a ion?
3. Is he e any associa ion be ween he esponden s’ pe cei ed exe cise among in ensi y,
equency, and du a ion?
3.1 F equency and In ensi y
3.2 F equency and Du a ion
3.3 In ensi y and Du a ion
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Hypo hesis
Null Hypo hesis
The in ensi y, equency, and du a ion as pe cei ed by he pa icipan s a e independen o each
o he .
Al e na i e Hypo hesis
The in ensi y, equency and du a ion as pe cei ed by he pa icipan s a e associa ed wi h each
o he .
Scope and Limi a ion o he S udy
The s udy will be conduc ed h ough online acili a ed su eys in he espec i e esidences o he
pa icipan s and esea che s. The esea che s will be ga he ing well-popula ed adul s (ages 16 o 30 yea s
old) in Bacoo Ci y, Ca i e. The pa icipan s will be andomized o answe he su ey ques ionnai e o he
impo ance o Ae obic exe cise amids COVID-19. This s udy is limi ed o 50 esponden s. O he ac o s
such as demog aphic p o ile as o hei men al and social ac i i ies and heal hy die a e no included in he
s udy. Each o he esponden s a e gi en he same se o ques ionnai es o answe . The s udy ocuses only
on he impo ance o a home-based ae obic condi ioning p og am o well-popula ed adul s.
Me hodology
Resea ch Design
The esea che s chose o use quan i a i e analysis o c ea e a good con olled and non- andomized
sample. Quan i a i e esea ch is a ype o social esea ch ha employs cohe en echniques and s a emen s.
Acco ding o Cohen e al. (2018), an empi ical s a emen illus a es a eal-wo ld case, a he han wha i is
mean o be. Ano he ea u e o quan i a i e analysis is he use o empi ical measu emen , whe e i is
de e mined how well a p og am o policy mee s a gi en s anda d o no m. C eswell and C eswell (2017)
desc ibe quan i a i e esea ch by explaining a phenomena by collec ing nume ical da a and analyzing i
using ma hema ical me hods, especially s a is ics. The s udy was no blinded, and bo h he esea che s and
he esponden s we e awa e o he su ey o p e en any misunde s andings abou hei expe ience o home-
based condi ioning p og ams.
Eligibili y C i e ia
Inclusion C i e ia
• Heal hy emale o male young adul s, wi hin ages 16-30 yea s old.
• Responden s should be esiding wi hin Bacoo Ci y, Ca i e.
• Responden s should be wo king om home o a ending online classes du ing he du a ion
o he esea ch.
• Responden s should be physically able.
• All answe s in he Pa -Q & Heal h In o ma ion pa o he su ey should be “No”.
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Exclusion C i e ia
• Responden s should no ha e any unde lying como bidi ies (e.g., hype ension, diabe es,
kidney p oblems, ca dio ascula and/o espi a o y illnesses) and should be s a ed as such in
he heal h ques ionnai e pa o he su ey.
• Responden s should no be aking any medica ions o any unde lying illness.
• Responden s who ha e been hospi alized o inju ed wi hin he pas h ee mon hs a e o be
excluded.
• Illi e a e o insu icien cogni i e abili ies o unde s and o comp ehend ques ions w i en in
he su ey.
• Se e e beha io al p oblems and/o psychological illnesses.
Sampling P ocedu es
Pu posi e sampling design was used o selec ing he pa icipan s in his s udy. This me hod was
used because i is one o he mos ime- and cos -e ec i e sampling me hods a ailable. Resea che s planned
o s ic ly ollow he exis ing eligibili y equi emen s o a mo e con olled sample. This was achie ed by
selec ing pa icipan s ha a e based on he equi ed c i e ia: physically able young adul s wi h no exis ing
como bidi ies and wi hin ages 16-30 yea s old who a e cu en ly s udying o wo king in a home-based
se ing and eside in Bacoo Ci y, Ca i e. The esea che s ga he ed 50 pa icipan s ha me he c i e ia o
answe he ques ionnai e. Since i is well sui ed o quan i a i e esea ch design, a non-p obabili y sampling
app oach was used because he esea che s did no ha e access o a lis o Bacoo popula ions.
Ins umen s
The esea che s used an online medium o adminis e a mul iple choice ques ionnai e o de e mine
he esponden ’s abili y o pe o m ae obic exe cises. This includes he ollowing:
1. In o med Consen . The in o med consen was u ilized o he esponden ’s p o ec ion ha
all he da a ga he ed will be on he p ope y o he s uden s and he uni e si y and will only
be seen in he eyes o he conce ned indi iduals ega ding he s udy. No ci ilian o ou side
people will ha e access o his in o ma ion and will be ully classi ied.
2. Physical Ac i i y Readiness Ques ionnai e (PAR-Q). S anda dized PAR-Q was u ilized
o assess whe he he esponden s we e physically eady.
3. Heal h In o ma ion. Heal h in o ma ion was used o assess whe he esponden s ha e p e-
exis ing symp oms and/o como bidi ies.
4. Gene al and Medical Ques ionnai e. Gene al and medical ques ionnai es we e u ilized
o in o m he esea che s o he esponden s basic in o ma ion ega ding hei occupa ion
ha will p obably be he mos a ec ed on he esponden s daily li e. I is also used o assess
he o e all heal h s a us o a esponden .
Da a Collec ion
The su eying p ocess was used by esea che s. This app oach en ails using an online medium o
collec esponses om people aged 16 o 25 in Bacoo , Ca i e (Google Fo ms). Pa icipan s we e equi ed
o ill ou hei heal h de ails i s , hen comple e he ollowing ques ionnai es: Physical Ac i i y Readiness
Ques ionnai e (PAR-Q), Gene al and Medical Ques ionnai e, In o med Consen , Pa icipan s Unde aking,
Inpu Type, and inally he assessmen su ey.
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The esea che s u ilized he Chi-Squa e Tes o Independence. I is a non-pa ame ic s a is ical
analysis ool used o es he independence o associa ion o wo ca ego ical da a ypes. As shown in he
esea ch, he da a ypes used we e all ca ego ical. As o he in ensi y, i was u he classi ied as ex emely
ligh , somewha ha d, and e y ha d; o he equency du a ion was classi ied as ne e , 1-2 days, 3-4 days,
5-6 days, and e e y day.
Resul s and Discussion
Table 1. Responden ’s P o ile (n=50)
P o ile
G oup
F equency
Pe cen age
Age
16
1
2%
17
1
2%
20
1
2%
21
9
18%
22
21
42%
23
11
22%
24
2
4%
25
2
4%
26
1
2%
NA
1
2%
Sex
Male
18
36%
Female
31
62%
NA
1
2%
Table 1 e eals he esponden ’s p o ile in e ms o age and sex. The esea che s ga he ed a o al
o 50 pa icipan s wi h he age g oup ha a ies om six een (16) o wen y-six (26). The e is one (1)
pa icipan o each age such as ages 16, 17, 20 and 26. Two (2) pa icipan s each o ages wen y- ou (24)
and wen y- i e (25), nine (9) o he age 21 and ele en (11) o age 23. The age wi h he mos esponden s
is om he age 23 which has wen y-one (21) pa icipan s, and one (1) pa icipan decided no o e eal
hei age. In e ms o sex, a o al o eigh een (18) pa icipan s wi h he pe cen age o hi y-six pe cen (36%)
a e males and hi y-one (31) pa icipan s wi h he pe cen age o six y- wo pe cen (62%) a e emales. A
single pa icipan did no speci y hei gende .
Table 2. Exe cise P o ile (n=50)
P o ile
G oup
F equency
Pe cen age
In ensi y
Ex emely Ligh
23
46.0
Somewha Ha d
16
32.0
Ve y Ha d
2
4.0
No Applicable
9
18.0
F equency
Ne e
7
14.0
1-2 days
23
46.0
3-4 days
14
28.0
5-6 days
4
8.0
E e yday
2
4.0
Du a ion
Less han 15 minu es
15
30.0
20-30 minu es
13
26.0
30-45 minu es
6
12.0
1 hou
11
22.0
2 hou s
5
10.0
Table 1 shows he exe cise p o ile o he esponden s. In e ms o in ensi y, 23 o he esponden s
a e doing ex emely ligh exe cises, which accoun s o 46% o he o al samples, 16 pe o med exe cises
ha a e somewha ha d and only 2 a e doing e y ha d exe cises o 32% and 4% espec i ely based on hei
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pe cep ion o exe cises done. While 9 pa icipan s o 18% do no ha e ou ine exe cises done. The majo i y
o pa icipan s epo ed engaging in “ex emely ligh ” exe cises. In con as , ewe pa icipan s we e
engaged in “ e y ha d” exe cises. This suppo s he s udy by Jakicic e al. (2018) ha ligh -in ensi y
physical ac i i y (1.5–3.0 METs) a ec s weigh loss and weigh loss main enance. I can be no ed ha ligh
physical ac i i y would no ha e ex ensi e e ec s on body weigh ; howe e , i is sugges ed ha hey should
combine exe cise wi h die a y modi ica ion o con ol hei weigh .
In e ms o equency, only 7 pa icipan s answe ed ha hey ne e did exe cise in he su ey,
which accoun s o 14%. Meanwhile 23 o he pa icipan s a e doing ou ine exe cises a leas 1-2 days a
week, and 14 a e doing 3-4 days a week, o 46% and 28% espec i ely. While only 4 o 8% o he o al
esponden s a e doing exe cises 5-6 days a week, and only 2 o 4% do i on a day o day basis. I is implied
ha mos esponden s exe cised wice a week, whe ein doing limi ed exe cises can help hem main ain hei
weigh a a heal hy le el. Bakke e al. (2017) e ealed ha low amoun s o esis ance exe cise, o ins ance,
less han an hou sp ead o e 1 o 2 sessions each week, as seen in he “weekend wa io ” s yle, led o he
highes educ ion in he isk o ha ing a me abolic synd ome.
In e ms o du a ion, i shows ha ou o 50 pa icipan s, 15 do hei exe cise o less han 15
minu es, and 13 o 20-30 minu es. Only 6 o 12% do hei exe cises o 45 minu es. While only 11 o 22%
wen o an hou and 5 o 10% o mo e han an hou . I can be implied ha mo e esponden s ha e exe cised
o a leas 15 minu es o a mo e manageable and achie able goal. Wen e al. (2014) sugges ed ha
spending a leas 15 minu es pe day in dedica ed exe cise such as b isk walking o unning could dec ease
he isk o ca dio ascula diseases.
Table 3. Chi-Squa e Tes s o Va iables
Va iables
S a is ics
Value
d
Asymp o ic Signi icance
(2-sided)
F equency and In ensi y
Pea son Chi-Squa e
16.209
12
.182
Likelihood Ra io
18.717
12
.096
Linea -by-Linea Associa ion
.028
1
.868
F equency and Du a ion
Pea son Chi-Squa e
30.744
16
.015
Likelihood Ra io
30.500
16
.016
Linea -by-Linea Associa ion
10.979
1
.001
Du a ion and In ensi y
Pea son Chi-Squa e
18.537
12
.100
Likelihood Ra io
19.378
12
.080
Linea -by-Linea Associa ion
1.373
1
.241
Table 3 desc ibes he Chi-Squa e Tes s o h ee a iables: in ensi y, equency, and du a ion.
When es ing equency and in ensi y, The p- alue o he Pea son Chi-Squa e es is 0.182, which is g ea e
han he alpha le el o 0.05. This shows ha indings ailed o ejec he null hypo hesis. F equency and
in ensi y a e independen o each o he , as he e is no signi ican associa ion be ween hese wo ac o s.
When es ing equency and du a ion, The p- alue o he Pea son Chi-Squa e es is 0.015, which
is less han he alpha le el o 0.05. This means ha he indings ejec ed he null hypo hesis, meaning ha
equency and du a ion a e associa ed wi h each o he . The linea -by-linea associa ion also has a e y low
p- alue (0.001), which u he suppo s his ela ionship. Ae obic exe cise is mainly based on he ime
elemen which is he equency and du a ion.
When es ing du a ion and in ensi y, The p- alue o he Pea son Chi-Squa e es is 0.100, which
is abo e 0.05. This means i ailed o ejec he null hypo hesis, whe ein du a ion and in ensi y a e
independen o each o he . The da a also sugges s he e is no signi ican associa ion be ween du a ion and
in ensi y. This analysis shows ha while equency and du a ion a e connec ed wi h each o he , in ensi y
does no appea o be closely ela ed o ei he equency o du a ion based on he da a.
SDCA Jou nal o Physical The apy, Volume 3, June 2022
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Conclusion and Recommenda ions
P o iding co ec p esc ip ions o well-popula ed adul s has no nega i e consequences. I is i al
o know and iden i y pa icipan s who a e physically capable and do no p esen wi h any o he heal h issues
ha can impede hei capaci y o pa icipa e in physical ac i i y. Condi ioning exe cise is an excellen
echnique o imp o e gene al heal h and wellness, as well as inc ease he immune sys em and imp o e
cogni i e abili ies. The impo ance o p o iding p ope p esc ip ion o condi ioning p og ams o well-
popula ed adul s aid in he p omo ion and imp o emen o balance, lexibili y, s eng h, mobili y, and
ca dio ascula heal h, all o which a e e y imely and ele an oday due o COVID-19.
Physical he apis s should ad oca e he u mos impo ance o ha ing a home-based ae obic
condi ioning p og am especially du ing he ime o he pandemic. Bo h he gene al popula ion and he well
popula ion mus also be in o med o he p ope p esc ip ion as o di e en exe cise pa ame e s such as
in ensi y, du a ion, and equency. In o ma ion abou p ecau iona y measu es, p ope echniques, and
ele ance o ha ing a home-based ae obic condi ioning p og am mus also be dissemina ed o p e en isk
o acqui ing an inju y while main aining and imp o ing o e all physical heal h.
A la ge sample size is necessa y o gene alize he esul s and ha e mo e de ini e indings among
he well popula ion. Randomized sampling should also be used in u u e esea ch o a oid bias wi h he
esul s. The esea che s also ecommend examining he e ec s o home ae obics on he well popula ion o
u he iden i y he impo ance o home-based ae obic condi ioning p og ams on physiological aspec s such
as in ca dio ascula , pulmona y, men al, and psychosocial e ms. The e ec i eness o p o iding home-
based ae obic condi ioning p og ams should also be explo ed o conside p ope p esc ip ion o he p og am
o he well popula ion. Speci ic ypes o ae obic exe cises should also be ocused on o de e mine he mos
app op ia e p esc ip ion o he a ge popula ion. Fu he mo e, u u e esea che s should also conside a
di e en a ge popula ion who can possibly bene i om home-based ae obic condi ioning p og ams
du ing he pandemic such as hose wi h unde lying illnesses and como bidi ies.
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