S udies Managemen and Finance Economics, o Jou nal
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JEFMS, Volume 08 Issue 11 No embe 2025 www.ije m.co.in Page 7215
S a egies Fo Human Resou ce De elopmen o Enhance Communi y-Based
Tou ism in Bonje uk Village, Jongga Sub-Dis ic , Cen al Lombok Regency
Senja Ki ana Mayang Zach ie1, Iwan Ha sono2, Sah i3
1,2,3 Facul y o Economic and Business, Uni e si y o Ma a am, Indonesia
ABSTRACT: This s udy aims o iden i y aining needs, de elopmen s a egies, and challenges aced by he communi y in
managing communi y-based ou ism in Bonje uk Village. The esea ch employed a quali a i e app oach using in-dep h
in e iews, pa icipa o y obse a ion, and documen a ion. The indings e eal ha he communi y equi es aining in guiding,
local cul u al s o y elling, homes ay managemen , digi al ma ke ing, mic o, small, and medium en e p ise (MSME)
en ep eneu ship, as well as basic English p o iciency. Human esou ce de elopmen s a egies we e ca ied ou h ough
ou ism awa eness campaigns, p oduc i e skill aining, culina y aining, and illage e alua ion o ums. Howe e , hese e o s
s ill ace obs acles such as low communi y sel -con idence, limi ed aining acili ies, and weak in e -ins i u ional coo dina ion.
This s udy ecommends he design o con ex ual, sus ainable, and pa icipa o y aining p og ams, along wi h he in eg a ion o
human esou ce de elopmen in o he illage’s Medium-Te m De elopmen Plan (RPJMDes). The indings a e expec ed o se e
as a ounda ion o o mula ing e ec i e and sus ainable human esou ce capaci y-building policies in s eng hening ou ism
illages.
KEYWORDS: Human Resou ces, Tou ism Village, Communi y Empowe men , Communi y-Based Tou ism.
I. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is an a chipelagic coun y ich in cul u al, e hnic, and linguis ic di e si y, whe e each egion possesses unique local
cha ac e is ics in e ms o cul u e, language, cus oms, and his o ical he i age. This ichness no only shapes na ional iden i y bu
also se es as a key po en ial o he de elopmen o sus ainable ou ism. F om he pe spec i e o he c ea i e economy,
ou ism is no me ely a se ice sec o bu also a medium o social ans o ma ion ha can imp o e communi y wel a e,
pa icula ly in u al a eas endowed wi h cul u al and na u al weal h. Th ough a communi y-based app oach, ou ism can
s imula e local economic g ow h, p ese e cul u al he i age, and op imize local esou ces. The e o e, human esou ce
de elopmen s a egies play a c ucial ole in accele a ing he ad ancemen o communi y-based ou ism, such as in Bonje uk
Village, Cen al Lombok Regency. This is ele an since he ou ism sec o con ibu es app oxima ely 4.1% o he na ional G oss
Domes ic P oduc (GDP) and gene a es mo e han 12 million jobs (Rahma, 2020), unde sco ing i s s a egic ole in na ional
de elopmen as well as in expanding access o in as uc u e, educa ion, and communi y empowe men (Ramdhan Ku niawan
e al., 2024).
In ecen yea s, he concep o illage ou ism o communi y-based ou ism (CBT) has gained popula i y as an al e na i e
model o mo e inclusi e and equi able ou ism de elopmen . This model emphasizes he ac i e pa icipa ion o local
communi ies as he main ac o s in managing ou is des ina ions, wi h he p inciple ha he economic, social, and cul u al
bene i s o ou ism should e u n o he communi y i sel . Mo eo e , CBT p io i izes en i onmen al p ese a ion, he
s eng hening o cul u al alues, and he de elopmen o local economies based on illage po en ial (Nadhi a u Ri dah &
Kusdiwanggo, 2024). Along wi h he g owing awa eness o sus ainabili y and au hen ic expe iences among ou is s, CBT-based
illage ou ism has become inc easingly a ac i e in he global ma ke , pa icula ly a e he COVID-19 pandemic, when
a ele s sough expe iences close o local communi ies and na u al en i onmen s (Ku niasa i e al., 2023). The e o e,
de eloping CBT-based illage ou ism is becoming inc easingly ele an o c ea e ou ism ha is inclusi e, pa icipa o y, and
sus ainable.
S a egies o Human Resou ce De elopmen o Enhance Communi y-Based Tou ism in Bonje uk Village, Jongga
Sub-Dis ic , Cen al Lombok Regency
JEFMS, Volume 08 Issue 11 No embe 2025 www.ije m.co.in Page 7216
The de elopmen o ou ism illages in Indonesia s ill aces signi ican challenges, pa icula ly ega ding human esou ce (HR)
eadiness. Ou o 74,953 illages in Indonesia, only a ound 1,734 ha e de eloped in o ou ism illages, despi e many possessing
conside able po en ial. Limi ed communi y capaci y in ou ism managemen emains a majo obs acle, while illage ins i u ions
such as Village-Owned En e p ises ac ually hold a s a egic ole in d i ing he local economy. By 2022, he e we e 45,223 ac i e
as Village-Owned En e p ises abso bing mo e han 20 million wo ke s and con ibu ing IDR 4.6 illion o he illage economy.
Howe e , only abou 10% ha e legal en i y s a us, e lec ing ins i u ional weaknesses a he local le el. In e ms o educa ion,
mos ou ism wo ke s, especially in u al a eas, lack o mal academic backg ounds in ou ism and he e o e equi e p ac ical
aining ailo ed o local needs. The Minis y o Tou ism and C ea i e Economy’s a ge o p oducing 2,200 oca ional ou ism
g adua es annually by 2024 is an impo an s ep, ye i emains insu icien o mee he ac ual demand in on line ou ism
illages such as Bonje uk.
This limi a ion in human esou ces is inc easingly c i ical as u al ou ism g ows in o a p ima y al e na i e o mee ou is
demand o unique, educa ional, and sus ainable expe iences. Tou ism illages o e dis inc i e a ac ions such as se ene u al
se ings, clean ai , and di ec in e ac ion wi h he social and cul u al li e o local communi ies. They also p o ide na u e- and
cul u e-based ac i i ies, including o ganic a ming, handic a s, adi ional cuisine, and p ese ed local ce emonies. Thus,
ou ism illages possess no only s ong economic po en ial bu also se e as a means o p ese ing adi ional alues amid apid
mode niza ion. The key ac o s in luencing hei de elopmen include unique na u al and cul u al esou ces, a clean and anquil
en i onmen , and he communi y’s need o imp o e li elihoods h ough economic di e si ica ion. Ne e heless, he success o
ou ism illages s ongly depends on human esou ce p epa edness, ins i u ional suppo , and e ec i e p omo ional s a egies.
The e o e, planning and implemen ing ou ism illage de elopmen mus be based on local needs and ca ied ou
collabo a i ely among go e nmen , communi ies, and s akeholde s o ensu e sus ainable bene i s.
Cen al Lombok Regency holds signi ican po en ial o he de elopmen o communi y-based ou ism, en iched by he
cul u al he i age o he Sasak people, na u al beau y, and local p oduc s such as wo en ika ex iles, oas ed co ee, and jamu
se ba . Bonje uk Village, loca ed in Jongga Dis ic , is one o he illages wi h dis inc i e ou ism appeal h ough i s ice ield
landscapes, hills, cul u al a s, and adi ional culina y expe iences. Howe e , his po en ial has no been ully op imized due o
he communi y’s low awa eness o he economic alue o ou ism, limi ed li e acy and skills in hospi ali y and ma ke ing, as well
as inadequa e suppo ing in as uc u e. These condi ions call o a human esou ce de elopmen s a egy ha can enhance
ac i e communi y pa icipa ion in he managemen o he ou ism illage.
This s udy ocuses on o mula ing human esou ce de elopmen s a egies in Bonje uk Village h ough a pa icipa o y
app oach based on he communi y’s eal needs. The no el y o his esea ch lies in he in eg a ion o compe ency mapping, gap
analysis, and he SWOT amewo k in designing ele an in e en ions, including aspec s o local en ep eneu ship and digi al
p omo ion. Thus, he communi y is posi ioned no me ely as an objec , bu as he p ima y subjec in inclusi e and sus ainable
ou ism managemen . The indings a e expec ed o s eng hen he capaci y o Bonje uk Village esiden s in managing ou ism
po en ial p o essionally and o se e as a e e ence o local go e nmen , educa ional ins i u ions, and s akeholde s in designing
empowe men p og ams ha di ec ly con ibu e o imp o ing communi y wel a e.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Human Resou ce De elopmen S a egy
Acco ding o Yulianah (2021), s a egy can be de ined as a p og am o de e mine and achie e o ganiza ional goals and o
ca y ou i s mission—in o he wo ds, an o ganiza ion’s esponse o i s en i onmen o e ime o a ool o ansla e
o ganiza ional goals, ision, and mission in o o ganized and sys ema ic ope a ional ac i i ies. In line wi h his, Zakiyah Zul a
Rahmah, Yus iyah Rahmah, Chamdan Pu nama, and Dinda Fa mah (2022) desc ibe s a egy as a p ocess o de e mining plans by
op leade s ha emphasizes he o ganiza ion’s long- e m objec i es, accompanied by he o mula ion o ways o e o s o
achie e hose goals. Fu he mo e, Budio (2019), Juliansyah (2017), and Mus o a (2021) de ine s a egy as a o m o plan ha
in eg a es he main objec i es, policies, and cou ses o ac ion wi hin an o ganiza ion in o a uni ied whole.
Kusumawa i (2022), P a iwi e al. (2022), and Syuk on e al. (2022) a gue ha human esou ce de elopmen is an e o o
imp o e he echnical, heo e ical, concep ual, and mo al capabili ies o employees in acco dance wi h job equi emen s o
posi ions. Simila ly, Ba iqi (2020) and Tau ik & Muhamad Bada (2023) de ine human esou ce de elopmen as a p ocess o
p epa ing indi iduals o assume di e en o highe esponsibili ies wi hin an o ganiza ion, usually ela ed o enhancing
in ellec ual abili ies o ca y ou mo e complex asks. Rohman & Hidayah (2022) u he explain ha human esou ce
de elopmen is an ac i i y ha mus be ca ied ou by o ganiza ions o ensu e ha employees’ knowledge, abili ies, and skills
mee he demands o hei wo k. Human esou ce de elopmen plays a cen al ole in he success o any ini ia i e, including
S a egies o Human Resou ce De elopmen o Enhance Communi y-Based Tou ism in Bonje uk Village, Jongga
Sub-Dis ic , Cen al Lombok Regency
JEFMS, Volume 08 Issue 11 No embe 2025 www.ije m.co.in Page 7217
communi y-based ou ism. Concep ually, human esou ces encompass indi iduals who se e as d i e s, planne s, and
implemen e s o o ganiza ional ac i i ies.
Acco ding o Maulyan (2019), he de ini ion o human esou ces is dis inguished be ween, a he mic o le el, he wo k o ce
employed wi hin an o ganiza ion, and a he mac o le el, he en i e wo king-age popula ion, bo h employed and unemployed.
Thus, human esou ce de elopmen does no only ocus on enhancing echnical capabili ies bu also on shaping wo k e hic and
adap i e capaci y o suppo he achie emen o sha ed goals.
B. Communi y-Based Tou ism
Expe s de ine ou ism om a ious pe spec i es, ye essen ially sha e simila meanings. Acco ding o Ta i Ha ya i and A.
Ga a Hidaya (2019), ou ism e e s o a se ies o ac i i ies ha include he p o ision o se ices o suppo a el needs, such as
ou is a ac ions, anspo a ion, accommoda ion, and o he se ices aimed a ul illing he needs o a ele s, whe he
indi idually o in g oups. Such a el is empo a y in na u e and is unde aken o pu poses o leisu e, business, o o he speci ic
in e es s.
In p ac ice, he concep o Communi y-Based Tou ism (CBT) has been widely implemen ed in de eloped coun ies as a
s a egic app oach o ou ism de elopmen ha is communi y-o ien ed. One angible o m o CBT implemen a ion is he
es ablishmen o ou is illages, whe e local communi ies se e as he main ac o s in e e y s age o ou ism de elopmen , om
planning o e alua ion. Tamianingsih and Ep ilian o (2022) a gue ha ou is illages no only con ibu e o imp o ing he
communi y’s economic condi ions bu also se e as a medium o sel -ac ualiza ion and he enhancemen o local social quali y.
Beyond ha , CBT also unc ions as a means o s eng hening communi y o ganiza ions, posi ioning he local communi y as he
p ima y manage o all ou ism ac i i ies in hei a ea. The e o e, communi y empowe men h ough he CBT app oach
encompasses social, economic, and cul u al p ese a ion aspec s in an in eg a ed manne .
C. De elopmen S a egy Based on SWOT Analysis
One o he s a egic app oaches in o mula ing e ec i e human esou ce de elopmen is he use o SWOT analysis
(S eng hs, Weaknesses, Oppo uni ies, Th ea s). This analysis se es as a ool o iden i y in e nal and ex e nal condi ions ha
in luence a p og am o policy (Hadiya e al., 2024). In he con ex o his s udy, SWOT analysis is employed o unde s and he
dynamics o human esou ce de elopmen in he communi y-based ou ism sec o in Bonje uk Village.
As a concep ual ounda ion, SWOT analysis assis s esea che s in iden i ying key ac o s ha need o be conside ed be o e
o mula ing s a egies, wi h he aim o ensu ing ha he esul ing s a egies a e ealis ic, applicable, and aligned wi h ield
condi ions. The analysis e eals ha communi y-based ou ism de elopmen in Bonje uk Village possesses s eng hs in he o m
o au hen ic na u al, cul u al, and adi ional ou ism po en ial, suppo ed by communi y en husiasm and ini ial commi men
om he illage go e nmen . Howe e , he weaknesses include limi ed access o o mal aining, unde de eloped local
ins i u ions, and a lack o awa eness ega ding ou ism se ice s anda ds. On he o he hand, oppo uni ies a ise om he
g owing in e es in communi y-based and eco- ou ism, he suppo o go e nmen and non-go e nmen p og ams, and he
u iliza ion o in o ma ion echnology o p omo ion. The main h ea s, howe e , in ol e compe i ion wi h mo e es ablished
des ina ions, dependency on ex e nal policies, and he isk o en i onmen al and cul u al deg ada ion due o unsus ainable
ou ism managemen .
III. METHODOLOGY
This s udy employs a desc ip i e quali a i e app oach aimed a illus a ing he phenomenon o communi y-based ou ism
human esou ce (HR) de elopmen in a ac ual and con ex ual manne (Sugiyono, 2022). Da a we e collec ed h ough
pa icipa o y and non-pa icipa o y obse a ion, semi-s uc u ed in e iews, documen a ion s udies, and ocus g oup
discussions (FGDs). The esea ch in o man s we e selec ed using pu posi e sampling, consis ing o 13 indi iduals ca ego ized
in o h ee g oups: key in o man ( he Head o Bonje uk Village); main in o man s ( i e indi iduals, including he head o he
illage-owned en e p ise, mic o, small, and medium en e p ise [MSME] ac o s, homes ay manage s, local aine s, and
communi y leade s); and suppo ing in o man s ( i e indi iduals om he ou ism awa eness g oup, housewi es, illage you h,
and one local eache ). P ima y da a we e ob ained di ec ly om communi y ac i i ies, while seconda y da a we e de i ed om
o icial documen s, ou ism illage ac i i y epo s, illage p o iles, and ele an scien i ic e e ences.
Da a analysis was conduc ed in e ac i ely using he Miles, Hube man, and Saldaña model, which includes da a educ ion,
da a display, and conclusion d awing and e i ica ion. Da a alidi y was s eng hened h ough sou ce iangula ion, me hod
iangula ion, and membe checks, suppo ed by adequa e e e ences om ield da a and scien i ic li e a u e. To iden i y human
esou ce de elopmen needs, he s udy applied needs analysis h ough compe ency mapping, gap analysis, and aining
S a egies o Human Resou ce De elopmen o Enhance Communi y-Based Tou ism in Bonje uk Village, Jongga
Sub-Dis ic , Cen al Lombok Regency
JEFMS, Volume 08 Issue 11 No embe 2025 www.ije m.co.in Page 7218
p io i iza ion based on he local con ex . Fu he mo e, he indings we e examined using SWOT analysis o o mula e al e na i e
s a egies ele an o he s eng hs, weaknesses, oppo uni ies, and h ea s aced by Bonje uk Village in de eloping sus ainable
communi y-based ou ism.
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Human Resou ce De elopmen Needs in Communi y-Based Tou ism Sec o
The esea ch indings indica e ha he need o human esou ce de elopmen in Bonje uk Village is a undamen al aspec
ha mus be add essed immedia ely o suppo he sus ainable managemen o ou ism des ina ions. Based on in-dep h
in e iews wi h he illage head, he head o he Village-Owned En e p ise, local mic o, small, and medium en e p ises (MSMEs),
and you h leade s, a ious challenges we e iden i ied ega ding he communi y’s ole as he main ac o s in illage ou ism
de elopmen .
The Village Head o Bonje uk s a ed ha al hough he communi y has begun o ecognize he economic po en ial o he
ou ism sec o , he e a e s ill limi a ions in knowledge and echnical skills. He ema ked,
"We ealize ha ou ism can become a new pa hway o imp o e he communi y’s economy, bu many
o ou esiden s s ill do no unde s and how o manage gues s and a e no con iden in ac ing as hos s."
This highligh s he need o basic aining in ou ism se ices and in ul illing he ole o hos . Simila ly, he Head o he Village-
Owned En e p ise emphasized he lack o access o ele an aining, s a ing,
"The e has ne e been aining ha uly equips he communi y wi h skills on how o manage
homes ays o how o p omo e illage ou ism h ough social media. We u gen ly need such aining."
This s a emen indica es ha homes ay managemen and digi al p omo ion a e p io i y needs. Local mic o, small, and medium
en e p ises ac o s also ace simila challenges. One en ep eneu explained,
"I p oduce oas ed co ee and adi ional he bal d inks. In he pas , I only sold hem o neighbo s. Now
hey a e being o e ed o ou is s, bu we do no ye know how o package hem p ope ly and we do no
unde s and digi al ma ke ing."
This sugges s he need o aining in p oduc packaging and digi al ma ke ing s a egies o suppo he in ol emen o mic o,
small, and medium en e p ises in he ou ism ecosys em. Meanwhile, a illage you h leade exp essed he eadiness o young
people o suppo ou ism p omo ion bu s essed he need o echnical suppo :
"The young people he e a e eady o help p omo e he illage h ough social media, bu we need
speci ic aining. I possible, he aining should be egula and adap ed o ou condi ions."
This emphasizes he impo ance o con inuous, locally o ien ed aining p og ams. F om in e iews wi h he Village Head, i
was also e ealed ha esiden s s ill ha e limi ed basic unde s anding o communi y-based ou ism. He ei e a ed,
"We ealize ha ou ism can become a new pa hway o imp o e he communi y’s economy, bu many
o ou esiden s s ill do no unde s and how o manage gues s and a e no con iden in ac ing as hos s.
This indica es ha he gene al communi y equi es basic ou ism awa eness aining and he Sap a Pesona (se en cha ms)
p og am, so ha hey can become mo e con iden in welcoming gues s and emb ace hei ole as hos s. An in e iew wi h a
oas ed co ee mic o, small, and medium en e p ises owne u he con i med limi a ions in ma ke ing, as he said,
"Now i is al eady being o e ed o ou is s, bu we do no ye know how o package i p ope ly and
we do no unde s and digi al ma ke ing."
This inding implies ha local mic o, small, and medium en e p ises equi e aining in p oduc packaging, b anding, digi al
ma ke ing, and access o online ma ke s so ha hei p oduc s can be be e accep ed by ou is s and b oade ma ke s.
Meanwhile, he illage you h leade ea i med he en husiasm o he younge gene a ion in suppo ing illage p omo ion,
s a ing,
"The young people he e a e eady o help p omo e he illage h ough social media, bu we need
speci ic aining. I possible, he aining should be egula and adap ed o ou condi ions."
This indica es he need o aining in guiding, cul u al s o y elling, digi al li e acy, and o eign languages. Wi h such suppo ,
illage you h can be posi ioned as he d i ing o ce o digi al p omo ion as well as local cul u al ou guides.
F om an ins i u ional pe spec i e, he Head o he Village-Owned En e p ise highligh ed he lack o echnical aining ele an
o ins i u ional needs. He explained,
"The e has ne e been aining ha uly equips he communi y wi h skills on how o manage
homes ays o how o p omo e illage ou ism h ough social media. We u gen ly need such aining."
S a egies o Human Resou ce De elopmen o Enhance Communi y-Based Tou ism in Bonje uk Village, Jongga
Sub-Dis ic , Cen al Lombok Regency
JEFMS, Volume 08 Issue 11 No embe 2025 www.ije m.co.in Page 7219
This poin s o he necessi y o aining in homes ay managemen , e en planning, ins i u ional go e nance, and c oss-sec o al
coo dina ion, enabling illage ins i u ions such as Pokda wis (Tou ism Awa eness G oups) and Village-Owned En e p ise o
pe o m mo e p o essionally.
O e all, he in e iews demons a e ha communi y-based illage ou ism de elopmen in Bonje uk s ill aces majo
challenges in human esou ces. The gene al communi y needs basic ou ism awa eness; MSME ac o s equi e suppo in
ma ke ing and b anding; illage you h a e eady o lead digi al p omo ion bu need con inuous aining; and local ins i u ions
equi e s eng hened manage ial and echnical capaci y. These indings unde line he need o a comp ehensi e, a ge ed, and
pa icipa o y human esou ce de elopmen s a egy o ensu e sus ainable illage ou ism de elopmen ha deli e s eal
bene i s o all laye s o he communi y.
The quali a i e indings a e ein o ced by quan i a i e da a showing ha guiding and local cul u al s o y elling aining is he
mos u gen need, wi h an u gency le el o 88%. This is ollowed by homes ay managemen aining (76%), hospi ali y aining
(68%), and digi al ma ke ing aining (64%). Figu e 1 below illus a es he dis ibu ion o communi y aining needs:
Figu e 1. P io i y T aining Needs o Human Resou ce De elopmen in Bonje uk Village
In addi ion o hese echnical skills, he communi y also exp essed he need o en ep eneu ship aining o u he de elop
local p oduc s such as oas ed co ee and adi ional he bal d inks (jamu se ba ). Al hough hese p oduc s a e al eady
ecognized wi hin he local a ea, limi a ions in packaging, p omo ion, and dis ibu ion emain majo obs acles in accessing he
ou ism ma ke .
Rega ding aining me hods, he communi y p e e s a p ac ical, adap i e, and sus ainable app oach. They expec aining no
o be limi ed o one- ime sessions bu o ake he o m o ie ed p og ams wi h di ec men o ing om p ac i ione s o
compe en ins i u ions. This highligh s he impo ance o mul i-s akeholde collabo a ion among illage au ho i ies, he ou ism
o ice, highe educa ion ins i u ions, and ci il socie y o ganiza ions in designing and implemen ing con ex ual aining p og ams
ha a e o ien ed owa d s eng hening local capaci ies.
The e o e, he need o human esou ce de elopmen in Bonje uk Village no only encompasses imp o ing echnical
compe encies in ou ism bu also in ol es shaping he communi y’s mindse as he p ima y ac o s in communi y-based ou ism
de elopmen . This holis ic app oach is expec ed o es ablish a ou ism ecosys em ha is p o essional, inclusi e, and sus ainable,
while simul aneously empowe ing he local communi y economically, socially, and cul u ally.
To p o ide a comp ehensi e o e iew o he s eng hs, weaknesses, oppo uni ies, and h ea s ela ed o human esou ce
de elopmen needs in he con ex o communi y-based ou ism in Bonje uk Village, he ollowing SWOT analysis was p epa ed.
Table 1. SWOT Analysis
S eng hs
Weaknesses
G owing communi y awa eness o he impo ance o
ou ism aining.
Limi ed unde s anding o he basic concep o communi y-
based ou ism.
En husiasm o p ac ical aining such as guiding,
s o y elling, and local culina y skills.
Lack o sel -con idence, pa icula ly in se ing o eign ou is s.
Exis ence o MSME ac o s who al eady ha e po en ial
local p oduc s such as he bal d inks (jamu) and co ee.
Limi ed aining in as uc u e (lea ning spaces, in e ne ,
isual aids).
S ong suppo om communi y leade s and local
Lack o con inuous aining p og ams and absence o pos -
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ins i u ions (BUMDes, Pokda wis).
aining men o ing.
Oppo uni ies
Th ea s
Access o aining p og ams om local go e nmen ,
uni e si ies, and NGOs.
Dependence on ex e nal p og ams wi hou local ini ia i e may
weaken sel - eliance.
Po en ial o de eloping e-comme ce and digi al
ma ke ing o local p oduc s.
Compe i ion wi h o he ou is illages ha a e mo e
ad anced in e ms o human esou ces and p omo ion.
Inc easing end o communi y-based ou ism and local
cul u al ou ism (CBT).
Low digi al and o eign language li e acy, limi ing p omo ional
each and ou ism se ices.
Oppo uni ies o es ablish collabo a ions wi h
p o essional aining pa ne s.
F agmen a ion among local ins i u ions (BUMDes, Pokda wis,
illage au ho i ies) in p epa ing a cohe en aining oadmap.
The SWOT analysis illus a es ha he po en ial o Bonje uk Village’s communi y in de eloping human esou ces o ou ism is
qui e signi ican , ye i emains cons ained by s uc u al limi a ions and pe sonal capabili ies. S eng hs such as high in e es in
p ac ical aining and s ong communi y suppo can se e as an en y poin o human esou ce de elopmen . Howe e ,
undamen al weaknesses, including a lack o basic unde s anding, low sel -con idence, and inadequa e aining in as uc u e,
mus be add essed immedia ely o ensu e ha oppo uni ies can be u ilized op imally.
The wide- anging oppo uni ies, such as go e nmen suppo and he g owing end o local ou ism, can be le e aged o
design aining p og ams ha align wi h he communi y’s needs. Ne e heless, he success o his s a egy may be unde mined i
he e is no ins i u ional syne gy and i he communi y con inues o ely on ce emonial aining wi hou sus ainabili y and p ope
e alua ion.
B. Human Resou ce De elopmen S a egies o Enhance Communi y In ol emen in Communi y-Based Tou ism Managemen
Human esou ce de elopmen s a egies o suppo he in ol emen o Bonje uk Village’s communi y in managing
communi y-based ou ism equi e a sys ema ic, pa icipa o y, and needs-based app oach. Based on he esea ch indings,
a ious aining and communi y empowe men p og ams ha e been implemen ed, se ing as an impo an ounda ion o
designing u u e s a egies o s eng hen human esou ces. These p og ams include ou ism awa eness campaigns, c ea i i y
aining, aining o Mic o, Small, and Medium En e p ises (MSMEs), was e managemen , ou guiding, digi al p omo ion, and
culina y skills. Howe e , he e ec i eness o hese p og ams s ill aces se e al challenges, pa icula ly ega ding sus ainabili y,
b oade pa icipa ion, and impac e alua ion.
One o he ini ial s a egies applied is he ou ism awa eness p og am, aimed a os e ing communi y unde s anding o he
bene i s o ou ism as well as he elemen s o Sap a Pesona (se en cha ms o ou ism). Residen s who pa icipa ed in his
p og am we e expec ed o ecognize he impo ance o hospi ali y, cleanliness, and sa e y in c ea ing ou is a ac ions. Du ing
an in e iew, he head o Pokda wis (Tou ism Awa eness G oup) s a ed:
“This awa eness p og am helps esiden s ealize ha ou ism can be p o i able, bu hey mus s ill
p ese e he illage’s cul u al alues and en i onmen .”
The nex s a egy in ol es c ea i i y and p oduc i e skill aining, such as ba ik-making and emb oide y, which speci ically
a ge women and you h. These ainings no only enhance indi idual skills bu also open up oppo uni ies o local handic a
businesses. The head o Pokda wis explained:
“The c ea i i y aining in ol ed illage ou ism manage s and local esiden s, especially women and
you h. The aining was ca ied ou by eaching basic echniques o ba ik and emb oide y, as well as
p o iding knowledge on how o de elop handic a businesses. The ou comes o his aining include
imp o ed skills in making ba ik and emb oide y, as well as he eme gence o new business oppo uni ies
in he handic a indus y o Bonje uk Village.”
To enhance household economic capaci y, he nex s a egy is he de elopmen aining o Mic o, Small, and Medium
En e p ises, pa icula ly a ge ing housewi es. This aining co e s echniques o p ocessing liquid he bal d inks in o powde ,
packaging, and p oduc ma ke ing. As exp essed by a esou ce pe son om Pokda wis,
The implemen a ion o he mic o, small, and medium en e p ises de elopmen p og am in ol es a ious s akeholde s wi h
expe ise in he ield, including expe ienced aine s in mic oen e p ise de elopmen . In addi ion, he aining is suppo ed by
ins i u ions such as uni e si ies, he local Tou ism O ice, and he egional go e nmen , which play a s a egic ole in p o iding
suppo . The pa icipan s consis ed mainly o local communi ies, especially housewi es, who a e he p ima y a ge in capaci y
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building. The aining was conduc ed ace- o- ace, and he esul s indica ed an inc ease in pa icipan s’ knowledge, pa icula ly
in de eloping mo e inno a i e and ma ke able mic o, small, and medium en e p ises p oduc s.
The s a egy o s eng hening eco ou ism and en i onmen al cleanliness has also been ealized h ough was e managemen
aining, co e ing bo h o ganic and ino ganic was e p ocessing. T aining pa icipan s came om a ious age g oups and
backg ounds. Acco ding o in e iew esul s, he aining me hod was conduc ed di ec ly h ough a combina ion o lec u es,
discussions, and p ac ice. This aining e ec i ely aised communi y awa eness abou main aining he en i onmen as pa o
he ou ism a ac ion.
In e ms o ou ism se ices, ou guiding aining has been ca ied ou . This ac i i y p o ided local you h wi h knowledge o
basic guiding echniques, ou is se ice e hics, and ield p ac ice. Pa icipan s we e di ec ly guided by acili a o s o unde s and
he ole o a ou guide as he ace o he ou ism illage. As s a ed by he Chai man o Pokda wis,
“Rega ding he guiding aining held in Bonje uk Village, he pa ies in ol ed included ou ism illage
manage s, local communi ies, and Bonje uk you h. The aining was ca ied ou by in i ing pa icipan s,
gi ing hem an unde s anding o p ope guiding me hods, and engaging hem in di ec p ac ice. As a
esul , he aining helped pa icipan s become mo e skilled, and some you hs a e now pe manen guides
o isi ing ou is s.”
Fu he mo e, digi al p omo ion aining has become a key s a egy in he echnological e a. Residen s we e augh how o
c ea e digi al con en , design p omo ional plans, and use social media pla o ms o showcase he illage’s po en ial. An
in e iew wi h a manage e ealed,
“Young people had al eady s a ed making TikTok and Ins ag am ideos, bu wi h his aining, hei
wo k became mo e s uc u ed. They lea ned wha message hey wan ed o deli e .”
In he culina y sec o , aining on ood and be e age p oduc de elopmen was also ca ied ou . Pa icipan s we e di ec ly
ained by p o essional che s, co e ing opics such as be e age mixing, ood pla ing, and local menu inno a ion. Acco ding o
one pa icipan om Pasa Bambu Bonje uk,
“We we e augh how o make desse s and he bal d inks ha a ac ou is s. These ha e now become
a o i e menu i ems in ou ood s alls.”
Finally, o s eng hen coo dina ion and ensu e he sus ainabili y o human esou ce de elopmen s a egies, he illage holds
mon hly e alua ion mee ings o ou ism ac i i ies. These mee ings se e as a discussion o um among manage s, communi y
leade s, and ou ism en ep eneu s. The ou comes o hese o ums a e no only e lec i e bu also gene a e new s a egic ideas
sou ced di ec ly om he communi y. As s a ed by Ms. Rahmi, a ood s all owne :
“Al hough I am no di ec ly in ol ed in ou ism ac i i ies, I s ill had he oppo uni y o pa icipa e in
a ious aining p og ams, such as MSME de elopmen and o he p ac ical skills aining. Th ough hese
p og ams, I was able o open a ood s all ha p o ides bo h basic necessi ies o he locals and se ices
o isi ing ou is s.”
O e all, he human esou ce de elopmen s a egies in Bonje uk Village ha e p og essed in a posi i e di ec ion. Howe e , o
ensu e sus ainabili y, imp o emen s a e needed in pos - aining e alua ions, mo e egula scheduling, and sys emic suppo
om policymake s. Syne gy be ween illage go e nmen s, illage-owned en e p ises, Pokda wis, uni e si ies, and non-
go e nmen al o ganiza ions is c ucial o ensu e ha capaci y-building e o s a e no me ely ce emonial bu become he main
d i ing o ce in s eng hening compe i i e communi y-based ou ism illages.
The human esou ce (HR) de elopmen s a egies in Bonje uk Village a e di ec ed owa d inc easing he ac i e in ol emen o
he communi y in managing communi y-based ou ism. Va ious s a egies ha e been implemen ed, including ou ism awa eness
campaigns, p oduc i e skills aining, mic o, small, and medium en e p ises aining, ou guiding aining, digi al p omo ion
aining, and ins i u ional s eng hening h ough mon hly o ums. These s a egies ha e p o en e ec i e in enhancing he
capaci y o bo h indi iduals and he communi y o con ibu e di ec ly o illage ou ism ac i i ies.
Ne e heless, he implemen a ion o hese s a egies also aces se e al challenges, anging om unequal communi y
pa icipa ion, limi ed p o essional aine s, o subop imal in e -agency coo dina ion. On he o he hand, suppo om local
go e nmen s, he en husiasm o he younge gene a ion, and he g owing end o cul u e-based ou ism p esen signi ican
oppo uni ies o be maximized. The e o e, a SWOT analysis is equi ed o iden i y he s eng hs, weaknesses, oppo uni ies, and
h ea s o hese HR de elopmen s a egies in a mo e s uc u ed way.
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Table 2. SWOT Analysis: Human Resou ce De elopmen S a egy o Communi y Engagemen
Aspec
Analysis Con en
S eng hs
• In eg a ed aining ini ia i es al eady implemen ed by Pokda wis and BUMDes
• S ong suppo om communi y leade s and he illage head
• Ac i e pa icipa ion o you h in digi al ma ke ing and guiding aining
• T aining p og ams a e based on local po en ial
Weaknesses
• Unequal communi y pa icipa ion (no e enly dis ibu ed)
• Limi ed p o essional aine s and aining esou ces
• Weak ollow-up a e aining sessions
• Subop imal coo dina ion among ins i u ions
Oppo uni ies
• Suppo om he local go e nmen and Tou ism O ice (Dispa )
• Po en ial collabo a ion wi h uni e si ies and non-go e nmen al o ganiza ions
• G owing ma ke demand o cul u e- and na u e-based ou ism
• A ailabili y o illage unds ha can be alloca ed o sus ainable aining
Th ea s
• Dependence on ex e nal p og ams wi hou s eng hening in e nal
empowe men
• Shi ing in e es o young gene a ions owa d non- ou ism sec o s
• Limi ed aining in as uc u e (in e ne access, aining acili ies)
• Risk o aining being ce emonial and unsus ainable
Based on he esul s o he SWOT analysis, i is e iden ha he human esou ce de elopmen s a egy in Bonje uk Village
possesses signi ican s eng hs, pa icula ly in e ms o ins i u ional commi men and communi y in ol emen , especially among
you h g oups. The exis ence o aining p og ams ha ocus on s eng hening capaci y based on local po en ial indica es ha he
illage is on he igh ack in building a pa icipa o y ounda ion o ou ism managemen .
Ne e heless, his s a egy s ill aces se e al s uc u al and echnical weaknesses. The lack o p o essional aine s, unequal
communi y pa icipa ion, and weak pos - aining e alua ions a e challenges ha mus be add essed immedia ely o ensu e
p og am sus ainabili y. In addi ion, he absence o c oss-ins i u ional in eg a ion has caused some p og ams o un pa ially and
lack coo dina ion.
On he o he hand, oppo uni ies o collabo a ion wi h ex e nal pa ies such as uni e si ies, non-go e nmen al o ganiza ions,
and suppo om local go e nmen c ea e subs an ial oom o imp o ing he quali y and ou each o aining. The g owing
demand o cul u e- and na u e-based ou ism also p o ides a s a egic incen i e o expand he bene i s o aining o he
communi y.
Meanwhile, h ea s such as dependency on ex e nal p og ams and he low in e es o younge gene a ions in he ou ism
sec o could unde mine he s a egies ha ha e al eady been designed. The e o e, an app oach ha is no only echnical bu
also ans o ma i e is equi ed—one ha can os e collec i e spi i and awa eness among he communi y o become ac i e
subjec s in illage ou ism managemen .
O e all, he human esou ce de elopmen s a egy in Bonje uk Village will be mo e e ec i e i implemen ed collabo a i ely,
sus ainably, and based on a genuine mapping o communi y needs. By le e aging exis ing s eng hs and oppo uni ies while
sys ema ically mi iga ing weaknesses and h ea s, he illage can es ablish a ou ism human esou ce ecosys em ha is esilien ,
independen , and highly compe i i e in he long e m.
C. Ba ie s o Human Resou ce De elopmen in Realizing Sus ainable Communi y-Based Tou ism Managemen
Al hough a ious human esou ce de elopmen s a egies ha e begun o be implemen ed in Bonje uk Village o suppo
communi y in ol emen in communi y-based ou ism managemen , hei execu ion s ill aces se e al signi ican obs acles.
These ba ie s a e s uc u al, cul u al, and echnical in na u e, di ec ly a ec ing he e ec i eness and sus ainabili y o he
empowe men p og ams ha ha e been ca ied ou .
One o he undamen al ba ie s is he communi y’s limi ed unde s anding o he concep o communi y-based ou ism.
Based on an in e iew wi h he Village Head o Bonje uk, i was e ealed ha mos esiden s ha e no ye ealized he
impo ance o hei ac i e ole in ensu ing he success o illage ou ism. He s a ed, “We unde s and ha ou ism can open new
oppo uni ies o imp o e he communi y’s economy, bu many o ou esiden s s ill do no know how o manage gues s and lack
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he con idence o ac as hos s.” Field obse a ions con i med ha communi y in ol emen emains passi e, especially du ing
ou is isi s. Many esiden s hesi a e o g ee o welcome ou is s because hey eel hey lack su icien knowledge and skills.
Ano he obs acle is he limi ed access o con inuous aining and men o ing. The head o he illage-owned en e p ise
explained ha he aining p o ided so a ends o be one-way, ce emonial, and no ailo ed o he eal needs o he illage s.
He no ed, “The e has no been any aining ha uly equips he communi y on how o manage homes ays o p omo e illage
ou ism h ough social media. We eally need ha kind o aining.” Obse a ions showed ha he aining sessions conduc ed
had no add essed p ac ical aspec s and we e no ollowed up wi h ield men o ing, which hinde ed pa icipan s om
de eloping hei skills o he ulles .
Ano he majo challenge is he communi y’s low le el o sel -con idence and lack o p o essionalism in se ing ou is s. A local
you h leade sha ed, “The young people he e a e eady o help p omo e he illage h ough social media, bu we need special
aining. I possible, he aining should be egula and adap ed o ou condi ions.” The lack o di ec expe ience has made
esiden s eel awkwa d and anxious abou making mis akes when in e ac ing wi h ou is s. This has weakened he illage’s
eadiness o p ojec i s image as a iendly and p o essional des ina ion.
The limi a ion o aining suppo acili ies is also a echnical obs acle ha canno be o e looked. Du ing obse a ions a he
illage o ice and o he public acili ies, i was ound ha mee ing spaces a e e y limi ed and no equipped wi h lea ning aids
such as LCD p ojec o s, s able in e ne , o o he p ac ical ools. A illage o icial s a ed, “We don’ ha e a p ope aining enue,
especially when aining equi es compu e s o in e ne access.” This condi ion clea ly es ic s digi al-based aining and
echnical skill de elopmen ha equi es adequa e acili ies.
In addi ion, he lack o coo dina ion and syne gy among s akeholde s wo sens he si ua ion. The head o he illage-owned
en e p ise added, “Ex e nal p og ams come independen ly wi hou coo dina ion. Some imes he aining p o ided does no
ma ch ou needs.” Obse a ions e ealed ha he e has no ye been a collabo a i e o um ha b ings oge he he illage
go e nmen , ou ism o ice, uni e si ies, and communi y ins i u ions o join ly de elop a s uc u ed and in eg a ed oadmap o
ou ism human esou ce aining.
Finally, a c ucial obs acle lies in he communi y’s low le el o digi al li e acy and o eign language p o iciency, pa icula ly in
he con ex o digi al p omo ion and se ing in e na ional ou is s. A local mic o, small, and medium en e p ise (MSME) ac o
sha ed, “I p oduce oas ed co ee and he bal d inks. They a e now being o e ed o ou is s, bu we don’ know how o package
hem p ope ly, no do we unde s and digi al ma ke ing.” Meanwhile, illage you h also complained abou hei limi ed abili y o
c ea e engaging p omo ional con en , and nea ly all in o man s admi ed hey lacked e en basic English communica ion skills.
Obse a ions con i med ha illage p omo ion ac i i ies h ough social media we e s ill ca ied ou spo adically and lacked
e ec i e communica ion s a egies.
Thus, he ba ie s o human esou ce de elopmen in Bonje uk Village a e no only limi ed o he absence o aining, bu also
ex end o he quali y o aining, p og am sus ainabili y, esiden s’ men al eadiness, and weak suppo sys ems. O e coming
hese ba ie s is key o building a human esou ce de elopmen s a egy ha is mo e esponsi e, pa icipa o y, and sus ainable.
C oss-sec o al collabo a i e e o s a e needed o s eng hen syne gy among s akeholde s and o de elop a locally ailo ed
aining sys em ha no only ocuses on knowledge ans e , bu also on ans o ming communi y mindse s and cha ac e as he
main ac o s in communi y-based ou ism.
To gain a comp ehensi e unde s anding o he challenges aced in communi y-based ou ism human esou ce de elopmen in
Bonje uk Village, as well as he s a egies ha ha e been o could be implemen ed as solu ions, a mind mapping diag am has
been c ea ed. This diag am isually illus a es he wo key aspec s o human esou ce de elopmen : ba ie s (obs uc ing
ac o s) on one side and s a egies (solu ion e o s) on he o he . The isualiza ion is in ended o acili a e he iden i ica ion o
ela ionships be ween p oblems encoun e ed in he ield and he in e en ion s a egies needed in a mo e ocused and
in eg a ed manne .
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p o essional a i udes, and adap i e abili ies owa d echnological de elopmen s and ou is demands. The e o e, s eng hening
communi y capaci y h ough hema ic and con ex ual aining cons i u es a s a egic s ep in building compe en and compe i i e
ou ism human esou ces in he illage.
2. S a egies o Human Resou ce De elopmen o Enhance Communi y Engagemen
The human esou ce de elopmen s a egies implemen ed in Bonje uk Village encompass a ious app oaches, anging om
ou ism awa eness campaigns o echnical skill aining and p oduc i e economic ac i i ies. These s a egies e lec a
pa icipa o y pa e n ha in ol es di e se communi y g oups, including you h, women, and MSME ac o s. T aining in ou
guiding, digi al p omo ion, and local culina y p ocessing ha e become essen ial ins umen s in s eng hening communi y
engagemen . Fu he mo e, e alua ion o ums and coo dina ion among s akeholde s ha e se ed as suppo ing elemen s in
ensu ing p og am sus ainabili y. These s a egies demons a e ha con ex ual and locally-based app oaches a e e ec i e in
encou aging communi ies o ac i ely pa icipa e in illage ou ism de elopmen . The e o e, e o s o s eng hen human
esou ces mus con inue o be de eloped sys ema ically and inclusi ely.
3. Challenges in Human Resou ce De elopmen o Tou ism in Bonje uk Village
The de elopmen o human esou ces o ou ism in Bonje uk Village aces a ious challenges ha include psychological,
echnical, ins i u ional, and s uc u al aspec s. The main challenges consis o he communi y’s limi ed unde s anding o
communi y-based ou ism concep s, low sel -con idence, as well as limi ed acili ies and access o quali y aining. In addi ion,
low digi al li e acy and o eign language p o iciency u he hinde he communi y’s capaci y o in e ac wi h ou is s. These
challenges a e exace ba ed by weak ins i u ional coo dina ion and he absence o an in eg a ed aining oadmap. The e o e,
e ec i e human esou ce de elopmen equi es a comp ehensi e and collabo a i e app oach ha ocuses no only on
imp o ing echnical skills bu also on shaping mindse s, p o iding adequa e acili ies, and s eng hening illage ins i u ions.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Wi h g ea espec , he au ho would like o exp ess since e g a i ude o he supe iso s, M . Iwan Ha sono and M . Sah i, o
hei guidance, di ec ion, and suppo h oughou he p epa a ion o his hesis. G a i ude is also ex ended o amily, iends,
and all pa ies who ha e p o ided aluable suppo , mo i a ion, and eedback. The au ho also app ecia es he wo ks o
p e ious esea che s, which ha e se ed as he ounda ion and inspi a ion o his s udy.
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