*Co esponding au ho : Dhanalakshmi Vino h
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License 4.0.
Clinical co ela es o iglyce ide le els and mul io gan dys unc ion in adul s
DHANALAKSHMI VINOTH.B *, SIVASHRI.K, SHINYCINDERELLA. B. R and NIVEDHITHA.S
Facul y o Allied Heal h Sciences, D . M.G.R. Educa ional and Resea ch Ins i u e, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 24(01), 097-105
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 22 Augus 2025; e ised on 03Oc obe 2025; accep ed on 06 Oc obe 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.24.1.0878
Abs ac
Backg ound: Mul i-o gan dys unc ion synd ome (MODS) is a li e- h ea ening condi ion whe e wo o mo e o gans in
he body ail o unc ion p ope ly. WHO classi ies iglyce ide le els as mild (<200 mg/dL), mode a e (200–500 mg/dL),
and se e e (>500 mg/dL).
Aim and objec i es: Aim: The Aim o he s udy is o s udy and access clinical co ela es o iglyce ide le els and mul i
o gan dys unc ion in adul s
Resul s: Among he 316pa icipan s, 55% o indi iduals had no mal iglyce ide le els, 23% had mild ele a ion, and
22% had mode a e ele a ion. Among he condi ions s udied, hype lipidemia, hype ension (HTN), hype hy oidism,
and me abolic-associa ed s ea o ic li e disease (MASLD) showed s a is ically signi ican associa ions wi h ele a ed
iglyce ide le els, wi h p- alues o 0.011, 0.037, 0.001, and 0.015, espec i ely. To al choles e ol ( = 0.4530), LDL ( =
0.377), VLDL ( = 0.48), and he choles e ol: HDL a io ( = 0.307), all wi h p- alues < 0.001 indica es signi ican posi i e
co ela ion o iglyce ides.
Conclusion: In conclusion, he s udy highligh s a signi ican associa ion be ween ele a ed iglyce ide le els and
condi ions such as obesi y, alcohol use, smoking, diabe es, hype ension, hype lipidemia, hype hy oidism, and MASLD.
Ele a ed iglyce ide le els a e closely linked o inc eased isk o mul i-o gan dys unc ion and ela ed como bidi ies.
Keywo ds: T iglyce ide; Mul io gan Dys unc ion; Hype iglyce idemia; Me abolic Associa ed S ea o ic Li e Disease
1. In oduc ion
Mul i-o gan dys unc ion (MOD) is a c i ical condi ion ma ked by he ailu e o wo o mo e o gan sys ems and is o en
associa ed wi h se e e me abolic dis u bances. One no able con ibu o is se e e hype iglyce idemia, de ined as
iglyce ide (TG) le els ≥500 mg/dL (≥5.7 mmol/L), which signi ican ly inc eases he isk o acu e panc ea i is and is
linked o ele a ed mo bidi y and mo ali y om a he oscle o ic ca dio ascula disease (ASCVD).Con en ional
managemen s a egies o hype iglyce idemia, including li es yle modi ica ion, ib a es, and omega-3 a y acids, o e
modes e icacy in educing TG le els and ca dio ascula isk. While ele a ed TG le els ha e long been associa ed wi h
ca dio ascula e en s, causali y has been di icul o es ablish due o con ounding me abolic in e ac ions. Howe e , a
s udy by Va bo e al., published in he Eu opean Hea Jou nal, u ilized Mendelian andomiza ion o examine gene ically
ele a ed non- as ing TG le els in o e 73,000 indi iduals. Thei indings demons a ed a causal ela ionship be ween
highe TG le els and inc eased isks o ischemic hea disease, ischemic s oke, and o he ascula diso de s, suppo ing
he po en ial alue o a ge ing TG in ca dio ascula p e en ion.
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Figu e 1 Mul io gan Dys unc ion Synd ome(MODS)
In pa allel, non-alcoholic a y li e disease (NAFLD) has eme ged as a p e alen cause o ch onic li e disease globally,
closely linked wi h obesi y, ype 2 diabe es, and dyslipidemia. Despi e i s ising incidence, he me abolic pa hways
in ol ed in NAFLD de elopmen emain incomple ely unde s ood. A comp ehensi e me abolomic s udy published in
Cell Repo s Medicine iden i ied dis inc me abolic signa u es ha p ecede he onse o NAFLD, in eg a ing bo h
obse a ional and gene ic da a. These indings sugges he po en ial o ea ly me abolic bioma ke s o guide p e en i e
and he apeu ic s a egies o NAFLD.
Figu e 2 Mechanisms O In lamma ion And Hypoxia Leading To O gan Inju y And MODS
Addi ionally, iglyce ide- ich lipop o eins (TRLs) ha e gained a en ion as con ibu o s o esidual ca dio ascula isk,
e en in pa ien s achie ing op imal low-densi y lipop o ein choles e ol (LDL-C) le els. These no el he apies ha e
shown p omise in subs an ially lowe ing TG le els and may help mi iga e ca dio ascula isk in high- isk popula ions.
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Toge he , hese indings highligh he cen al ole o iglyce ides and ela ed me abolic pa hways in he de elopmen
o bo h ca dio ascula and hepa ic diseases. Add essing ele a ed TG le els h ough a ge ed he apies may o e
signi ican bene i s in educing mul i-o gan complica ions associa ed wi h me abolic dys unc ion. The Aim o he s udy
is o s udy and access clinical co ela es o iglyce ide le els and mul i o gan dys unc ion in adul s. The main objec i es
o his s udy is o e alua e he clinical co ela ion be ween iglyce ide le els and dys unc ion in mul iple o gan sys ems
(hepa ic, enal, ca dio ascula , and endoc ine), iden i y he demog aphic and li es yle ac o s (age, BMI,
alcohol/smoking his o y) associa ed wi h ele a ed iglyce ide le els, assess he p e alence o como bidi ies (e.g.,
diabe es, hype ension, hy oid diso de s) in pa ien s wi h hype iglyce idemia, de e mine he ela ionship be ween
iglyce ide le els and glycemic con ol (FBS, PPBS, HbA1c) and co ela e lipid sub ypes (LDL, HDL, VLDL) wi h o gan
unc ion ma ke s.
2. Ma e ials and me hods
• S udy design: C oss-sec ional , co ela ion s udy
• S udy popula ion: 316 adul s aged ≥ 25 yea s who a ended gene al medicine Ou -Pa ien Depa men and In-
Pa ien wa ds om ACS Medical College and Hospi al, Chennai we e included in he s udy.
• Sample size: 316
2.1. Inclusion c i e ia:
• Adul s aged be ween ≥ 25 yea s who we e a ended he Gene al medicine ou pa ien depa men and in-pa ien
wa ds in he A.C.S Medical College and Hospi al.
• A ailabili y o medical eco ds in he A.C.S Medical College and Hospi al
2.2. Exclusion c i e ia
• Adul s who e used o gi e consen .
• P egnancy (OR) lac a ion
• Known acu e illness
• Pa ien s wi h malignancy o unde going lipid lowe ing he apy
2.3. Da a collec ion
Da a is collec ed by in e iews by sel -adminis e ed ques ionnai es ha include demog aphic s a us ( age, sex, BMI ),
medical his o y (hype ension, diabe es, ca dio ascula disease, kidney disease, MASLD, Hype lipidemia,
hypo hy oidism, hype hy oidism e c.) Labo a o y es s ( blood glucose es , hba1c, u ine ou ine ) and o gan speci ic
assessmen s ( li e unc ion es , enal unc ion es , lipid p o ile ) a e examined om he pa ien ’s medical eco ds.
In o med consen was aken om adul s who we e a ended gene al medicine Ou pa ien Depa men , In-Pa ien wa ds
in ACS Medical College and Hospi al.
2.4. Da a analysis
Desc ip i e s a is ics o baseline a iables. Co ela ion analysis (Pea son o Spea man) be ween iglyce ide le els and
o gan-speci ic pa ame e s. ANOVA o - es o compa e mean iglyce ide le els ac oss diagnos ic g oups. p- alue < 0.05
conside ed s a is ically signi ican .
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3. Resul
Figu e 3 Dis ibu ion O Age Among S udy Popula ion
This dis ibu ion indica es ha middle-aged and elde ly indi iduals o med he bulk o he s udy g oup. Since age is an
impo an ac o in luencing lipid me abolism.
Figu e 4 Dis ibu ion O BMI Among S udy Popula ion
The abo e Figu e shows ha 42% o pa icipan s we e classi ied as obese, and 31% as o e weigh , indica ing ha a
signi ican p opo ion (73%) we e abo e he no mal weigh ange. Only24% had no mal BMI, and 3% we e unde
weigh . This high p e alence o o e weigh and obesi y highligh s a popula ion a ele a ed isk o me abolic diso de s,
including hype iglyce idemia. I ein o ces he ele ance o assessing BMI in ela ion o lipid p o iles.
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101
Figu e 5 Dis ibu ion o T iglyce ide Le els
Table 1 Compa ison O T iglyce ide Le els S a i ied By Pe sonal His o y
Pe sonal his o y
T iglyce ides
P alue
Mean
Sd
ALCOHOL
209.4
90.82
0.005
SMOKING
164.6
82.39
0.724
BOTH
206.5
79.8
0.019
NIL
147.76
74.947
0.097
In his able 1, he e ec o pe sonal habi s like alcohol and smoking on iglyce ide le els is analyzed. Alcohol use s and
indi iduals wi h bo h alcohol and smoking his o y had signi ican ly highe iglyce ide le els(p=0.005and0.019,
espec i ely). Those wi h no his o y had compa a i ely lowe le els, hough he di e ence was no signi ican (p =
0.097). This indica es ha alcohol consump ion is a s ong con ibu o o aised iglyce ide le els in his coho .
Table 2 Co ela ion be ween T iglyce ides Le els And Como bidi ies
Como bidi ies
T iglyce ides
P alue
Mean
SD
DM
157.86
80.23
0.932
HTN
133.18
66.99
0.037
DM&HTN
158.10
74.72
0.949
HYPOTHYROIDISM
156
51.53
0.904
HYPERTHYROIDISM
135
2.82
0.001
DM&HYPOTHYROIDISM
124.57
46.68
0.109
HYPERLIPIDEMIA
200.5
65.15
0.011
BA
166.34
85.22
0.662
CAD
154.7
71.16
0.871
CKD
199
116.88
0.154
CVA
151.25
68.36
0.842
MASLD
297.42
108.7
0.015
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NIL
134.68
52.77
0.119
The s a is ical analysis p esen ed in he able 2.2e alua es he associa ion be ween a ious clinical diagnoses and
iglyce ide le els. Among he condi ions s udied, hype lipidemia, hype ension (HTN), hype hy oidism, and
me abolic-associa ed s ea o ic li e disease (MASLD) showed s a is ically signi ican associa ions wi h ele a ed
iglyce ide le els, wi h p- alueso 0.011,0.037,0.001,and0.015, espec i ely
Figu e 6 Co ela ion Analysis Be ween Blood Glucose Pa ame e s and T iglyce ide Le els
A s a is ically signi ican posi i e co ela ion was obse ed wi h pos p andial blood
suga (PPBS)( =0.254,p<0.001),indica ing ha highe iglyce idele elsa eassocia edwi h ele a ed PPBS alues. Fas ing
blood suga (FBS) showed a weak, non-signi ican co ela ion ( = 0.0973, p = 0.085), and HbA1c had no signi ican
co ela ion ( = 0.027, p = 0.629)
Table 3 Co ela ion Analysis Be ween LFT Pa ame e s and T iglyce ide Le els
G oup
Co ela ion( )
P alue
TOTAL BILIRUBIN
0.1921
0.0006
DIRECTBILIRUBIN
0.2497
<0.001
INDIRECTBILIRUBIN
0.1861
0.0009
AST
0.2755
0.001
ALT
0.4347
<0.001
ALKALINEPHOSPHATASE
0.2798
<0.001
TOTALPROTEIN
0.0142
0.8014
ALBUMIN
0.0167
0.7669
These indingsugges a s ong associa ion be ween ele a ed iglyce ides and impai ed li e unc ion.
Table 4 Co ela ion Analysis Be ween Lipid p o iles and T iglyce ide Le els
GROUP
CORRELATION( )
PVALUE
TOTALCHOLESTEROL
0.4530
<0.001
HDL
0.044
0.434
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LDL
0.377
<0.001
VLDL
0.48
<0.001
CHOL:HDLRATIO
0.3070
<0.001
The abo e able 4 indica es signi ican posi i e co ela ions o iglyce ides wi h o al choles e ol ( = 0.4530), LDL ( =
0.377), VLDL ( = 0.48), and he choles e ol: HDL a io( =0.307), all wi h p alues<0.001. Howe e , HDL showed no
signi ican co ela ion ( =0.044, p=0.434). This implies ha high iglyce ide le els a e associa ed wi h an o e all
a he ogenic lipid p o ile, especially inc eased VLDL and LDL, bu no necessa ily wi h educed HDL.
4. Discussion
Acco ding o Chen Gu e i z e al. (2024) in he s udy among U.S Adul s, sHTG g oup - 70.3% had cen al obesi y, 32.7%
had diabe es, 21.6% had ch onic kidney disease (CKD), 67.0% had me abolic dys unc ion-associa ed s ea o ic li e
disease (MASLD) and 10.6% had a he oscle o ic ca dio ascula disease (ASCVD wi h se um iglyce ides mild,
mode a e and se e hype iglyce idemia, 11.5%, 25.9% and 29.3% had mul io gan disease, espec i ely.
Among he como bidi ies o ou s udy, diabe es melli us was he mos common condi ion (25%), ollowed closely by
combined diabe es and hype ension (24%). O he no able condi ions included BA (8%), CKD (6%), and hype lipidemia
(3%). A small po ion (11%) had no known diagnosis. Hype lipidemia, hype ension (h n), hype hy oidism and MASLD
showed s a is ically signi ican associa ions wi h ele a ed iglyce ide le els wi h p- alues o 0.011, 0.037, 0.001 and
0.015, espec i ely. MASLD had he highes mean iglyce ide le els (297.42 mg/dl) indica ing a s ong link be ween
his condi ion and hype iglyce idemia. This shows ha ele a ed iglyce ides le els inc ease he isk o mul i o gan
dys unc ion in adul s.
Ou s udy discussed abou he co ela ion wi h espec o iglyce ide le els and mul io gan dys unc ion in adul s.
O e all, no mal , mild and mode a e iglyce ide le els examined we e 55%, 23% and 22% espec i ely. The p e alence
o each como bidi y and mul i o gan dys unc ion we e highe among indi iduals wi h inc easing iglyce ide le el
Pa ho e KG e al. (2019) no ed ha app oxima ely 15% o 20% o pa ien s isi ing a medical p ac ice a e diagnosed
wi h hype iglyce idemia— equen ly as an inciden al inding in Ja oss W, Assmann G, Be gmann S, e al. (1994). Gi en
he inc eases in he p e alence o diabe es, me abolic synd ome, and obesi y, he p e alence o hype iglyce idemia is
likely o inc ease oo. Mo eo e , he se e i y o hype iglyce idemia a ies widely, and o da e no uni o m classi ica ion
o he condi ion has been es ablished. To u he complica e he ma e , iglyce ide (TG) le els can show in a
indi idual luc ua ion. Mos a ec ed pe sons (80–90%) ha e mode a ely inc eased TG le els, i.e., be ween 150 mg/dL
(1.7 mmol/L) and 400 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L). In a small p opo ion o pa ien s (app oxima ely 15%), TG le els ange
be ween 400 mg/dL and 1000 mg/dL (4.6–11.4 mmol/L); occasionally, signi ican ly highe le els a e ound (e1). In
e y a e cases, TG le els abo e 15 000 mg/dL (170 mmol/L) ha e been iden i ied. Hype iglyce idemia is causally
linked o ca dio ascula disease and panc ea i is.
Ou s udy highligh s he abno mali ies in he lipid p o iles, indica ing p e alence o mul i o gan dys unc ion. 40% had
mildly ele a ed o al choles e ol le els and 35% had mode a e ele a ions. A o al o 75% had choles e ol alues abo e
he no mal h eshold (p- alue < 0.001. These indings sugges a s ong associa ion be ween ele a ed iglyce ides and
impai ed li e unc ion.
Bessembinde s, K e al.(2011) has concluded ha alcohol in ake as well as o he isk ac o s associa ed wi h HT we e
sea ched o in case eco ds o 300 pa ien s known o he labo a o y o ha e had a TG le el o e 11.3 mmol/l. Excessi e
alcohol in ake (o e 210 g/week o males; o e 140 g/week o emales) was eco ded o 24% o he o al, and o
43% in he highes TG qua ile. TG le els we e signi ican ly highe in he excessi e d inke s (P < 0.001) and in pa ien s
wi h acu e panc ea i is (P = 0.001). The incidence o panc ea i is in his coho was 4% and limi ed o e y high TG
le els. Excessi e alcohol consump ion was eco ded in a qua e o pa ien s wi h se e e hype iglyce idemia.
Alcohol use s and indi iduals wi h bo h alcohol and smoking his o y had signi ican ly highe iglyce ide le els (p =
0.005 and 0.019, espec i ely). Those wi h no his o y had compa a i ely lowe le els, hough he di e ence was no
signi ican (p = 0.097). This indica es ha alcohol consump ion is a s ong con ibu o o aised iglyce ide le els in
his coho .
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Ou s udy shows s a is ically signi ican posi i e co ela ion was obse ed wi h pos p andial blood suga (PPBS) ( =
0.254, p < 0.001), indica ing ha highe iglyce ide le els a e associa ed wi h ele a ed PPBS alues which ul ima ely
inc eases he isk o panc ea i is and o he mul i-o gan dys unc ions.
5. Conclusion
Ele a ed iglyce ide- ich lipop o eins (TRLs) a e c i ical he apeu ic a ge s o educing a he oscle o ic
ca dio ascula disease (ASCVD) isk, wi h eme ging inhibi o s showing g ea p omise. Ou s udy con i ms a signi ican
co ela ion be ween high iglyce ide le els and mul i-o gan dys unc ion, including ch onic kidney disease, MASLD,
ca dio ascula disease, diabe es, and hype ension, which is o en exace ba ed by subs ance use and seden a y
beha io s. This unde sco es he necessi y o p oac i e, mul idisciplina y s a egies ha in eg a e li es yle
modi ica ions, ea ly de ec ion, and pe sonalized managemen o p o ec o gan heal h, pa icula ly in high- isk
popula ions. As clinical ials ad ance, TRL-lowe ing he apies may p o ide an ac ionable pa hway no only o educe
ASCVD bu also o mi iga e sys emic o gan impai men bu dened by me abolic and li es yle- ela ed isks.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Acknowledgmen s
We ex end ou since e hanks o medical s a s o ACS MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL in Chennai o hei essen ial
suppo in my esea ch .special app ecia ion goes o DR.Kalpana de i o he suppo , as well as o my collegues .This
s udy was conduc ed wi hou ex e nal inding.The au ho s did no ecei e inancial suppo o g an s o his s udy.
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
NO Con lic s
S a emen o e hical app o al
E hical app o al o his esea ch was app o ed by E hical commi ee in ACS medical college and hospi al (Re
No.1366/2024/1EC/ACSMCH D .11.12.2.20). In o med consen was ob ained om all indi idual pa icipan s included in he
s udy.
S a emen o in o med consen
W i en in o med consen was ob ained om all pa icipan s p io o hei inclusion in he s udy
Au ho ’s con ibu ion
All au ho s made a signi ican con ibu ion o he wo k epo ed, whe he ha is in he concep ion, s udy design,
execu ion, acquisi ion o da a, analysis and in e p e a ion, o in all hese a eas; ook pa in d a ing, e ising, o c i ically
e iewing his pape ; ga e inal app o al o he e sion o be published; ha e ag eed on he jou nal o which his pape
has been submi ed; and ag ee o be accoun able o all aspec s o he wo k.
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