*Co esponding au ho : De angkuma Mahend akuma Pa ma .
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License 4.0.
E ec i eness o Homoeopa hic T ea men in he Managemen o Musculoskele al
Diso de s: A S udy o 30 Cases
De angkuma Mahend akuma Pa ma 1, * and Komal P akashbhai Pa ma 2
1 Depa men o Su ge y, Go e nmen Homoeopa hic Medical College and Hospi al, A : De hali, Taluka: Siddhpu , Dis ic :
Pa an, S a e: Guja a , India.
2 Go e nmen Homoeopa hic Medical College and Hospi al, A : De hali, Taluka: Siddhpu , Dis ic : Pa an, S a e: Guja a ,
India.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 24(01), 180-185
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 01 Sep embe 2025; e ised on 06 Oc obe 2025; accep ed on 09 Oc obe 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.24.1.0894
Abs ac
Musculoskele al diso de s (MSDs) ep esen a majo public heal h challenge, signi ican ly impai ing quali y o li e and
unc ional mobili y, pa icula ly in middle-aged and elde ly popula ions. This clinical obse a ional s udy was
conduc ed o e alua e he e ec i eness o indi idualized homoeopa hic ea men in managing pain associa ed wi h
musculoskele al diso de s, including os eoa h i is, ce ical spondylosis, and calcaneal spu s. The in es iga ion was
ca ied ou a he Go e nmen Homoeopa hic Medical College and Hospi al, De hali, on 30 pa ien s selec ed h ough
con enience pu posi e sampling. Each pa ien ecei ed indi idualized emedies based on o ali y o symp oms and
miasma ic backg ound. T ea men ou comes we e assessed using he Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) o e alua e pain
in ensi y be o e and a e he in e en ion. S a is ical analysis o he da a e ealed a signi ican educ ion in pain sco es,
demons a ing imp o emen in mobili y and unc ional com o . Among he p esc ibed medicines, Rhus oxicodend on
eme ged as he mos equen ly indica ed emedy. The indings sugges ha indi idualized homoeopa hic managemen
o e s a sa e, e ec i e, and holis ic he apeu ic app oach o he ea men o musculoskele al diso de s.
Keywo ds: Homoeopa hy; musculoskele al diso de s; Visual Analogue Scale; indi idualized ea men ; Rhus
oxicodend on
1. In oduc ion
Musculoskele al diso de s (MSDs) cons i u e one o he leading causes o ch onic pain, disabili y, and educed wo k
pe o mance wo ldwide. They encompass a b oad spec um o condi ions a ec ing muscles, endons, ligamen s, join s,
and bones, wi h os eoa h i is, spondylosis, and so - issue heuma ism being among he mos p e alen o ms. The
global bu den o MSDs has s eadily inc eased, pa icula ly among middle-aged and elde ly popula ions, due o li es yle
changes, epe i i e s ain, and occupa ional haza ds (Wol a h e al., 2022; Ka ada e al., 2019).
In India, MSDs a e equen ly obse ed among indi iduals engaged in epe i i e manual wo k o p olonged pos u al
s ess, such as ga men ac o y wo ke s and ag icul u al labou e s (Deshmukh and Suni ha, 2021). Con en ional
managemen ypically in ol es non-s e oidal an i-in lamma o y d ugs (NSAIDs), co icos e oids, physio he apy, and
su gical in e en ions. Al hough hese he apies may p o ide symp oma ic elie , hey a e o en associa ed wi h ad e se
e ec s and ail o add ess unde lying sys emic imbalances (Na h e al., 2019; Danno e al., 2014).
Homoeopa hy o e s a complemen a y and holis ic he apeu ic al e na i e based on he p inciple o indi idualiza ion.
I conside s he o ali y o symp oms and he pa ien ’s cons i u ional and miasma ic backg ound, aiming o s imula e
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 24(01), 180-185
181
he body’s in insic healing mechanisms. Se e al clinical and obse a ional s udies ha e epo ed posi i e ou comes o
homoeopa hic medicines in musculoskele al condi ions, including os eoa h i is, low back pain, and pos - auma ic
s i ness (1-3). Remedies such as Rhus oxicodend on, B yonia alba, Ru a g a eolens, and A nica mon ana ha e shown
e icacy in educing pain, in lamma ion, and s i ness, while imp o ing join mobili y and o e all unc ion (4, 5).
Recen e idence also indica es ha indi idualized homoeopa hic he apy can achie e clinical ou comes compa able o
con en ional managemen in ch onic musculoskele al pain wi hou p oducing ad e se e ec s (6, 7). In eg a ing such
app oaches wi hin heal hca e sys ems has been associa ed wi h imp o ed pa ien sa is ac ion, cos -e ec i eness, and
sa e y (8).
In his con ex , he p esen s udy was designed o assess he clinical e ec i eness o indi idualized homoeopa hic
ea men in he managemen o musculoskele al diso de s, ocusing on pain educ ion, unc ional imp o emen , and
o e all he apeu ic esponse among pa ien s a ending he Go e nmen Homoeopa hic Medical College and Hospi al,
De hali.
2. Ma e ials and Me hods
2.1. S udy Design
A clinical obse a ional s udy was conduc ed o e alua e he e ec i eness o indi idualized homoeopa hic ea men in
pa ien s su e ing om musculoskele al diso de s (MSDs). The s udy was ca ied ou a he Go e nmen Homoeopa hic
Medical College and Hospi al, De hali, unde supe ised ou pa ien se ings.
2.2. S udy Popula ion
A o al o 30 pa ien s p esen ing wi h symp oms o musculoskele al pain and unc ional limi a ion we e en olled using
con enience pu posi e sampling. The s udy popula ion included indi iduals diagnosed wi h os eoa h i is, ce ical
spondylosis, and calcaneal spu s.
2.3. Inclusion C i e ia
• Pa ien s aged be ween 30 and 75 yea s su e ing om musculoskele al pain o s i ness.
• Diagnosed cases o os eoa h i is, ce ical spondylosis, o calcaneal spu s con i med h ough clinical and
adiological assessmen .
• Willingness o pa icipa e and comply wi h ollow-up isi s.
2.4. Exclusion C i e ia
• Pa ien s wi h auma ic musculoskele al inju ies, ac u es, o au oimmune a h i is.
• Those unde going con en ional analgesic o s e oid he apy du ing he s udy pe iod.
• Pa ien s wi h se e e sys emic illnesses o me abolic diso de s in e e ing wi h musculoskele al unc ion.
All pa icipan s we e in o med abou he pu pose and p ocedu es o he s udy, and w i en consen was ob ained p io
o en olmen . Con iden iali y was main ained h oughou he s udy, no addi ional medicine o molecules we e gi en o
any pa ien apa om p esc ibed medicines.
2.5. In e en ion and T ea men P o ocol
Each pa ien unde wen de ailed case- aking, including cons i u ional, men al, and physical symp om e alua ion.
Analyses we e made on he basis o o ali y o symp oms and miasma ic backg ound. I was seen ha commonly
p esc ibed medicines included Rhus oxicodend on, B yonia alba, Ru a g a eolens, A nica mon ana, and Calca ea
luo ica. Among hese, Rhus oxicodend on was ound o be he mos equen ly indica ed emedy.
2.6. Follow-up and Assessmen
Pa ien s we e ollowed up a 15-day in e als o a pe iod o 12 weeks. Du ing each isi , changes in pain in ensi y,
ange o mo ion, and daily unc ional ac i i y we e eco ded. Pain assessmen was pe o med using he Visual Analogue
Scale (VAS), whe e 0 ep esen ed “no pain” and 10 deno ed “wo s possible pain.”
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182
2.7. Da a Analysis
All da a we e compiled and analyzed using desc ip i e s a is ical me hods. Mean pain sco es be o e and a e ea men
we e compa ed o e alua e clinical imp o emen . The pe cen age educ ion in pain and unc ional es ic ion was
calcula ed o de e mine ea men e ec i eness.
3. Resul s
A o al o 30 pa ien s diagnosed wi h a ious musculoskele al diso de s (MSDs) we e included in his clinical
obse a ional s udy conduc ed a he Go e nmen Homoeopa hic Hospi al and i s pe iphe al OPDs in De hali, Siddhpu .
The s udy popula ion comp ised 10 males (33.3%) and 20 emales (66.6%), gi ing a male- o- emale a io o 1:2 (Table
1). The mos a ec ed age g oup was 40–59 yea s (56.66%), ollowed by hose aged 60 yea s and abo e (26.66%), while
10% o cases ell wi hin he 20–39-yea ca ego y ( able 1). These da a indica e ha middle-aged and elde ly indi iduals
we e mo e commonly a ec ed by MSDs, e lec ing he degene a i e na u e o such diso de s.
Table 1 Gende -wise Dis ibu ion o Cases
Gende
Cases
Pe cen age
Male
10
33.33
Female
20
66.66
Table 2 Age-wise Dis ibu ion o Cases
Age G oup
Cases
Pe cen age
1-12
0
0.0
13-19
0
0.0
20-39
3
10.0
40-59
18
56.66
60+
9
26.66
The diagnosis-wise dis ibu ion e ealed ha os eoa h i is o he knee was he mos p e alen condi ion, eco ded in
17 ou o 30 cases (56.66%). O he condi ions included heuma oid a h i is (1 case, 3.33%), ce ical spondyli is (4
cases, 13.33%), calcaneal spu (3 cases, 10%), ch onic backache (1 case, 3.33%), ozen shoulde (1 case, 3.33%), pos -
auma ic pain (2 cases, 6.66%), and sp ain (1 case, 3.33%). These indings indica e ha degene a i e join diso de s,
pa icula ly os eoa h i is and ce ical spondylosis, cons i u ed he bulk o MSDs encoun e ed in he s udy ( able 3).
Table 3 Diagnosis-wise Dis ibu ion o Cases
Diagnosis
Cases
Os eoa h i is – Knee
17
Rheuma oid a h i is
1
Ce ical spondyli is
4
Calcaneal spu
3
Ch onic backache
1
F ozen shoulde
1
Pos auma ic pain
2
Sp ain
1
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183
Indi idualized p esc ip ions we e gi en as emedy on he basis o o ali y o symp oms, clinical modali ies, and
miasma ic backg ound. Among he medicines p esc ibed, Rhus oxicodend on was he mos equen ly indica ed emedy
and was adminis e ed o 17 pa ien s (56.6%). I showed pa icula ly a o able esul s in os eoa h i is, ce ical
spondylosis, and calcaneal spu cases cha ac e ized by s i ness and pain elie ed by mo emen . O he commonly used
medicines included A nica mon ana, Ru a g a eolens, Caus icum, Sanguina ia canadensis, and Calca ea phospho ica
(used as a suppo i e biochemic). Cons i u ional emedies such as Pulsa illa, Ca cinosinum, Lycopodium, and Nux omica
we e p esc ibed when indica ed by he pa ien ’s holis ic symp om p o ile.
Pain in ensi y was e alua ed using he Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) bo h be o e and a e ea men . The mean p e-
ea men VAS sco e was 5.90 ± 1.54, which dec eased signi ican ly o 3.55 ± 1.74 ollowing indi idualized
homoeopa hic in e en ion. S a is ical analysis using a pai ed - es yielded = 10.38 wi h p < 0.0001, con i ming ha
he educ ion in pain in ensi y was highly signi ican . The ma ked dec ease in pain sco es co obo a es he clinical
e icacy o indi idualized p esc ip ions in managing ch onic musculoskele al pain wi hou he use o con en ional
analgesics o NSAIDs.
E alua ion o o e all imp o emen e ealed ha 17 pa ien s (56.6%) showed ma ked imp o emen , 6 pa ien s (20%)
exhibi ed mode a e imp o emen , ano he 6 pa ien s (20%) demons a ed mild imp o emen , and 1 pa ien (3.3%)
epo ed no signi ican change. Al oge he , 96.6% o pa icipan s expe ienced measu able bene i s om homoeopa hic
ea men . G adual symp oma ic elie was obse ed h oughou he ollow-up pe iod, pa icula ly in pa ame e s such
as pain, s i ness, lexibili y, and mobili y. Impo an ly, no ad e se d ug eac ions o agg a a ions we e epo ed in any
o he pa icipan s du ing he cou se o ea men , highligh ing he sa e y and ole abili y o indi idualized
homoeopa hic p esc ip ions.
Figu e 1 VAS Pain Sco es Be o e and A e Homoeopa hic T ea men
4. Discussion
The esul s o he p esen s udy demons a e ha indi idualized homoeopa hic ea men was e ec i e in alle ia ing
pain and imp o ing unc ional ou comes among pa ien s su e ing om a ious musculoskele al diso de s (MSDs),
including os eoa h i is, ce ical spondylosis, and calcaneal spu s. The s a is ically signi ican educ ion in mean Visual
Analogue Scale (VAS) sco es om 5.90 ± 1.54 o 3.55 ± 1.74 (p < 0.0001) subs an ia es he he apeu ic ole o
homoeopa hy in managing ch onic musculoskele al pain. A majo i y o he pa ien s (96.6%) exhibi ed measu able
clinical imp o emen , and no ably, Rhus oxicodend on, which was p esc ibed o 17 pa ien s, eme ged as he mos
equen ly e ec i e emedy — pa icula ly in cases cha ac e ized by s i ness and pain amelio a ed by mo emen .
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 24(01), 180-185
184
These indings a e consis en wi h se e al p e ious clinical in es iga ions ha ha e highligh ed he e icacy o
indi idualized homoeopa hic he apy in musculoskele al and heuma ic condi ions. In a andomized con olled ial,
Khadim e al. (2023) obse ed signi ican pain educ ion and unc ional eco e y in pa ien s wi h knee and hip
os eoa h i is ecei ing indi idualized homoeopa hic p esc ip ions. Simila ly, Ve ma (2022) epo ed imp o emen in
lumba spondylosis ollowing indi idualized homoeopa hic in e en ion, whe e Rhus oxicodend on and B yonia alba
we e equen ly indica ed. Obse a ional s udies by Shah (2019) and Gup a e al. (2020) also suppo he bene icial
e ec o hese emedies in ch onic pain and degene a i e join condi ions, aligning closely wi h he cu en s udy’s
ou comes (1, 5).
Pha macological and clinical pe spec i es sugges ha he bene icial e ec o Rhus oxicodend on may s em om i s
an i-in lamma o y, analgesic, and issue-modula ing p ope ies, which ha e been demons a ed in expe imen al models
o muscle and join inju y (4, 9). Remedies such as A nica mon ana and Ru a g a eolens, also used in his s udy, a e
ecognized o hei oles in p omo ing eco e y om so - issue auma and ch onic musculoskele al in lamma ion (5,
10). The holis ic app oach o homoeopa hy — add essing no only localized pa hology bu also he pa ien ’s
cons i u ional and emo ional s a e — may con ibu e o he sus ained clinical imp o emen s obse ed he e.
The p edominance o emale pa ien s and he highes incidence in he 40–59-yea age g oup co espond wi h
es ablished epidemiological ends, whe e degene a i e and occupa ional s ain- ela ed diso de s a e mo e equen
among women in middle age (11, 12). Compa able demog aphic pa e ns we e also epo ed by Chandola e al. (1999)
in hei s udy on musculoskele al mo bidi y in epe i i e-mo ion wo ke s, suppo ing he ele ance o he cu en
coho (13).
The ma ked educ ion in pain obse ed in his s udy is u he co obo a ed by ea lie wo k demons a ing signi ican
bene i o homoeopa hic ea men in ch onic low-back pain and a h i is compa ed wi h placebo o con en ional
he apy (6, 7). In hese s udies, indi idualized p esc ip ions yielded highe pa ien sa is ac ion, ewe ad e se e ec s,
and compa able o supe io long- e m ou comes o s anda d ca e. Such e idence ein o ces he in eg a i e ole o
homoeopa hy in ch onic pain managemen , pa icula ly when con en ional pha maco he apy is limi ed by side e ec s
o con aindica ions.
The p esen indings also highligh he sa e y p o ile o homoeopa hic medicines. None o he pa ien s epo ed ad e se
e ec s o symp om agg a a ion du ing he s udy, which pa allels he obse a ions o Leemhuis and Sei e (2024), who
documen ed ex ensi e use o homoeopa hic p esc ip ions wi hin na ional heal hca e sys ems wi hou e idence o
ia ogenic ha m (8). This s eng hens he case o inco po a ing indi idualized homoeopa hic he apy in o
mul idisciplina y musculoskele al managemen p og ams as a cos -e ec i e and well- ole a ed op ion.
O e all, he consis ency o his s udy’s ou comes wi h p e iously published clinical and obse a ional da a unde sco es
he ep oducibili y and eliabili y o homoeopa hic ea men in musculoskele al diso de s. While he sample size was
limi ed, he s a is ically signi ican esul s, oge he wi h he absence o ad e se eac ions, sugges ha indi idualized
homoeopa hic he apy — pa icula ly wi h Rhus oxicodend on, B yonia alba, and Ru a g a eolens — can e ec i ely
educe pain, es o e unc ion, and enhance quali y o li e in pa ien s wi h ch onic MSDs.
5. Conclusion
The indings o his clinical obse a ional s udy con i m ha indi idualized homoeopa hic ea men is e ec i e in
educing pain and imp o ing unc ional abili y among pa ien s wi h musculoskele al diso de s. A s a is ically signi ican
educ ion in mean VAS sco es and high a es o clinical imp o emen (96.6%) we e achie ed wi hou any epo ed
ad e se e ec s. The emedy Rhus oxicodend on, p esc ibed in mo e han hal o he cases, eme ged as he mos
equen ly indica ed and clinically e ec i e medicine, pa icula ly in condi ions such as os eoa h i is, ce ical
spondylosis, and calcaneal spu .
The s udy demons a es ha homoeopa hy, when p esc ibed on he basis o o ali y o symp oms and miasma ic
backg ound, o e s a sa e, indi idualized, and holis ic he apeu ic op ion o he managemen o ch onic musculoskele al
pain. These esul s a e consis en wi h p e iously published clinical e idence suppo ing he ole o homoeopa hy in
musculoskele al ehabili a ion. B oade mul icen ic s udies wi h la ge sample sizes and longe ollow-up pe iods a e
ecommended o u he alida e and s anda dize homoeopa hic in e en ions o MSDs.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 24(01), 180-185
185
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
No con lic o in e es decla ed.
S a emen o in o med consen
In o med consen was ob ained om all indi idual pa icipan s included in he s udy.
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