BACHELOR-LEVEL INFORMATICS
EDUCATION IN EUROPE
Key Da a & T ends, 2018/19–2022/23
Bachelo -Le el In o ma ics Educa ion in Eu ope:
Key Da a & T ends, 2018/19–2022/23
Au ho s:
● Přemek B ada, Uni e si y o Wes Bohemia, Czech Republic
● Ana C.R. Pai a, Uni e si y o Po o, Po ugal
● S e lana Tikhonenko, In o ma ics Eu ope
Sep embe 2025
Published by:
In o ma ics Eu ope
Binzmühles asse 14/54
8050 Zu ich, Swi ze land
www.in o ma ics-eu ope.o g
adminis a ion@in o ma ics-eu ope.o g
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Con en s
Execu i e Summa y 1
1. In oduc ion 2
2. Me hodology and Sou ces o Da a 3
3. Bachelo ’s Le el S uden S a is ics 5
3.1 Fi s -yea s uden s 5
3.2 S uden s en olled in all semes e s 10
3.3 Deg ees awa ded 15
4. Findings and Obse a ions 20
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 1
Execu i e Summa y
This epo p o ides Key Da a on In o ma ics Highe Educa ion in Eu ope. I o e s a comp ehensi e
o e iew o ends in Bachelo ’s le el In o ma ics educa ion ac oss 24 Eu opean coun ies, co e ing 5
academic yea s om 2018/19 o 2022/23. The analysis ocuses on s uden en olmen — bo h i s -
yea and o al en olmen ac oss all semes e s — as well as deg ees awa ded, wi h a de ailed look a
gende dis ibu ion and he ole o di e en ypes o highe educa ion ins i u ions.
The da a comes mainly om o icial na ional s a is ics and has been alida ed by na ional expe s. I
is a ailable in he In o ma ics Eu ope Highe Educa ion (IEHE) Da a Po al: h ps://www.in o ma ics-
eu ope.o g/da a-po al. This epo includes only coun ies wi h e i ied, high-quali y da a. Being a
aluable esou ce o educa o s, policymake s, and indus y s akeholde s seeking o unde s and he
s a e and e olu ion o In o ma ics educa ion in Eu ope, he epo highligh s posi i e ends in
en olmen and g adua ion, while also d awing a en ion o pe sis en gende dispa i ies and he
a ying oles o di e en highe educa ion ins i u ion ypes.
Key Findings:
● Rising En olmen T ends: Mos coun ies expe ienced an inc ease in en olmen s in Bachelo ’s
In o ma ics p og ammes o e he pas i e yea s, e lec ing g owing in e es in he ield.
● Role o Uni e si ies o Applied Sciences (UAS): Al hough UAS a e no p esen in all coun ies,
hey play a signi ican ole in In o ma ics educa ion whe e hey exis , especially a he
Bachelo ’s le el. In coun ies like Finland, Ge many, I eland, he Ne he lands, and Swi ze land,
UAS o en su pass adi ional Resea ch Uni e si ies (RUs) in i s -yea en olmen s and make a
subs an ial con ibu ion o he o al numbe o deg ees awa ded.
● Gende Imbalance Pe sis s: Ac oss all coun ies, women emain unde ep esen ed in
In o ma ics, wi h pa icipa ion a ely exceeding 35%. Sweden shows he highes emale
s uden sha e, while Belgium (RUs) has he lowes . Howe e , mos coun ies a e seeing an
inc easing end in emale pa icipa ion, e lec ing he posi i e impac o gende balance
ini ia i es.
● G adua ion Ra es and Gende T ends: Mos coun ies ha e seen an inc ease in Bachelo ’s
deg ees awa ded. Howe e , only abou hal o he coun ies show an inc easing end in he
sha e o deg ees awa ded o women, wi h Bulga ia, Sweden, Tu key, and Romania leading in
emale g adua ion a es.
The indings highligh he ongoing need o da a collec ion, gende equi y e o s, and policy suppo
o s eng hen In o ma ics educa ion ac oss Eu ope. Building on his, In o ma ics Eu ope will con inue
i s da a collec ion ini ia i es, wi h plans o publish nex yea ’s epo including he ends a he
Mas e ’s and PhD le els. To suppo hese e o s, he In o ma ics Eu ope Wo king G oup on Da a
Analysis & Repo ing (h ps://www.in o ma ics-eu ope.o g/educa ion/highe -educa ion-da a.h ml)
wa mly welcomes new membe s who wish o con ibu e by adding o e ining hei coun y’s da a,
assis ing wi h epo w i ing, o p oducing addi ional epo s.
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 2
1. In oduc ion
The quali y o highe educa ion in In o ma ics
1
is c i ical o he u u e o Eu ope. Sa egua ding and
imp o ing his quali y is o pa amoun conce n o he In o ma ics communi y; i is pa o he manda e
o In o ma ics Eu ope, as he ep esen a i e o he Eu opean In o ma ics academic and esea ch
communi y, o help achie e his goal.
Any cohe en a emp a imp o emen mus begin wi h a clea unde s anding o he cu en si ua ion,
suppo ed by c edible quali a i e and quan i a i e da a
2
. Un il he publica ion o he i s In o ma ics
Eu ope Key Da a epo in 2013, eliable sou ces o aw ac s and igu es abou highe educa ion in
In o ma ics a a Eu ope-wide le el we e essen ially una ailable. Some na ional eposi o ies o da a
exis , bu hey do no eadily gi e a gene al Eu opean pe spec i e: hey can be ha d o ind; hey a e
a di e en le els o ad ancemen , some de ailed, o he s pa ial; hey do no necessa ily measu e
exac ly he same hings, some imes wi h sub le di e ences; hey a e based on di e en
me hodologies; and, na u ally enough in ligh o Eu ope’s di e si y, hey use di e en languages.
Key Da a on In o ma ics Highe Educa ion in Eu ope epo se ies published by In o ma ics Eu ope
be ween 2013 and 2019 (wi h da a om 2008 o 2018)
3
we e aimed a illing his gap and b ough
o wa d solid, accu a e ac s and igu es abou In o ma ics esea ch and educa ion in Eu ope. As a
u he s ep, in 2019 In o ma ics Eu ope in collabo a ion wi h he So wa e Ins i u e, Uni e si à della
Swizze a I aliana (USI), launched he In o ma ics Eu ope Highe Educa ion (IEHE) Da a Po al
(h ps://www.in o ma ics-eu ope.o g/da a-po al) o e ing acili ies o explo ing he s a e o
In o ma ics highe educa ion in Eu ope wi h a wide ange o indexing op ions ( o example, by coun y,
educa ional le el, yea ) as well as making a ailable da a mo e accessible using da a isualiza ion ools.
The cu en epo con inues he ongoing e o o p o ide he Eu opean In o ma ics communi y wi h
eliable insigh s in o he s a e o highe educa ion in he ield. I complemen s he da a a ailable in
he Da a Po al, p o ides a concise analy ical ou pu ocusing on a pa icula aspec o he da a, and
gi es a b ie demons a ion o he ypes o isualisa ions and analyses ha can be gene a ed using he
Da a Po al, highligh ing i s ele ance o academics, policymake s, indus y p o essionals, and o he
s akeholde s.
This 2025 edi ion ocuses on he Bachelo ’s le el o In o ma ics s udies, p esen ing key ends and
isualiza ions ela ed o s uden en olmen (in i s -yea and all semes e s) and deg ees awa ded —
including gende dis ibu ion — ac oss 24 coun ies, co e ing he 5-yea window o academic yea s
om 2018/19 o 2022/23 ( he las yea o which comple e da a is a ailable a he ime o w i ing his
epo ).
1
In line wi h he ACM and IEEE-CS Compu ing Cu icula 2020
(h ps://www.acm.o g/bina ies/con en /asse s/educa ion/cu icula- ecommenda ions/cc2020.pd ), he wo d
“in o ma ics” in his epo e e s o he o e a ching academic discipline encompassing compu e science,
so wa e enginee ing, in o ma ion sys ems, da a science, cybe secu i y, and o some deg ee also ICT and
compu e (ha dwa e) enginee ing. The ull lis o he subjec names ha we e used o iden i y In o ma ics
p og ams in he coun ies included in his epo can be ound on he “Subjec s” sec ion o he Da a Po al
(h ps://www.in o ma ics-eu ope.o g/da a-po al/?page=subjec s/index.h ml).
2
He e and in he es o his epo we ollow he p ac ice o using “da a” as a singula noun.
3
Full se ies o Key Da a epo s a e a ailable o In o ma ics Eu ope membe s on he IE Repo s webpage:
h ps://www.in o ma ics-eu ope.o g/se ices/publica ions/ epo s.h ml
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 3
Follow-up epo s, scheduled o he upcoming yea s, will co e o he le els o In o ma ics highe
educa ion in Eu ope, as well as addi ional aspec s o he HE sys em. We also hope o con inue
expanding he coun y scope in he ollowing yea s, wi h he ule ha coun ies can only be included
unde he condi ion ha p ecise, e i ied da a is a ailable. We welcome con ibu o s willing o wo k
on p o iding such da a as well as subsequen analyses.
2. Me hodology and Sou ces o Da a
The sou ce o he s a is ics o he coun ies included in his epo can be ound on he Da a Po al
sec ion “Da a Sou ces”: h ps://www.in o ma ics-eu ope.o g/da a-po al/?page=da a-sou ces.h ml.
The da ase , cu a ed by In o ma ics Eu ope, is unique in p o iding de ailed da a on in o ma ics highe
educa ion, including he dimensions o gende , s age (en y/en olled/g adua e) and le el
(Bachelo /Mas e /Doc o al) o s udy, and ins i u ion kind. A p esen , i co e s in o ma ics highe
educa ion da a o 24 Eu opean coun ies (co e ing app oxima ely. 80 % o he con inen ’s
popula ion
4
, omi ing hose o which eliable da a ha e so a been una ailable) and 13 academic
yea s om 2010/2011 o 2022/2023 ( he las yea o which comple e da a could be ob ained o mos
coun ies).
While o icial sou ces such as na ional s a is ics o ices, educa ional agencies o minis ies, as well as
he Eu os a , p o ide agg ega e da a simila o ou s, de ailed spli by dimensions impo an o
in o ma ics HE educa ion s akeholde s is gene ally no a ailable wi hin hese sou ces. Mo eo e , he
me hodologies o da a collec ion, analysis and epo ing (documen ed on he websi es o he
o ganisa ions) used by hese sou ces a y. Finally, mos o en, he coun y-le el da a is p o ided in
he na ional o egional languages(s).
The de ini ion o he In o ma ics ield also a ies om coun y o coun y. Some na ional s a is ics
o ices use he In e na ional S anda d Classi ica ion o Educa ion (ISCED-F) o s uc u e he ields o
HE (i.e. Bulga ia, Finland, I eland, Li huania, Poland, Romania, Spain), in some coun ies a speci ic
classi ica ion scheme is used (i.e. Belgium, Denma k, Ge many, F ance, Sweden, UK), and in he hi d
se o coun ies da a is a ailable pe s udy p og amme, and no o icial nomencla u e is used (i.e.
Aus ia, Czech Republic, Es onia, I aly, La ia, he Ne he lands, No way, Po ugal, Swi ze land, Tu key,
e c.). In he las case, we elied on expe classi ica ion o he da a be o e including hem in he
da ase . E en o he coun ies which do use ISCED-F, assignmen o indi idual s udy p og ammes o
he app op ia e class may be done by di e en me hodologies in di e en coun ies.
These aspec s equi e us o ca e ully e iew he in o ma ion a ailable om each o hese sou ces, o
alida e i , and o wha deg ee, we can align he s uden and deg ee numbe s be ween indi idual
coun ies. Ou p ocess, he e o e, includes he in ol emen o na ional expe s o help wi h
ansla ions as well as o deal wi h he di e en de ini ions and pa icula i ies o he In o ma ics ield
in each coun y.
4
Coun ing all Eu opean con inen al coun ies excep Russia.
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 4
Building on ou da ase , his epo includes s a is ics no only on adi ional “Resea ch Uni e si ies”
(abb e ia ed as RUs) bu also om “Uni e si ies o Applied Sciences” (abb e ia ed as UAS). Wi h
espec o he la e :
1. These ins i u ions a e known by di e en names in di e en coun ies: Fachhochschulen
(Aus ia, Ge many and Swi ze land), Hau es Écoles (Belgium and Swiss F ench communi y),
Hogescholen (Belgium Flemish communi y and he Ne he lands), Högskolo (Sweden),
Колежи (Bulga ia), Rakenduskõ gkoolid (Es onia), Amma iko keakoulujen (Finland),
P o essionshøjskole ne (Denma k), Ins i u es o Technology (I eland), Kolegija (Li huania),
Høyskole (No way), Poli écnico (Po ugal).
2. They ha e a common p o ile, in ha hey do o e p o ession- (o oca ion-) o ien ed highe
educa ion s udies. In a ew coun ies, UAS o e deg ees only a he Bachelo 's le el, bu in
mos , s udies a Bachelo 's and Mas e 's le els. In Es onia, mos Uni e si ies o Applied
Sciences a e pa o Resea ch Uni e si ies and ha e common p o esso s and eaching s a . I
is impo an o no e ha in he UK, “poly echnics”, o me ly he equi alen o Uni e si ies o
Applied Sciences, no longe exis as a sepa a e ca ego y, ha ing, as a esul o he Fu he and
Highe Educa ion Ac 1992, been ei he u ned in o uni e si ies o inco po a ed in o exis ing
ones.
This epo has chosen p ecision and exac ness o e gene ali y as much as he da a makes his
possible. We ha e limi ed ou sel es o coun ies and pa ame e s o which eliable o icial da a was
a ailable, and ha e high con idence in he quali y o he esul s p esen ed he e, ye a e also awa e o
he inhe en di icul ies en ailed in c ea ing he da ase .
We he e o e ask he eade o be ca e ul when eading he epo ed obse a ions, especially i some
esul s do no immedia ely seem co ec o belie able. Please emembe he ollowing:
● Do no jump o conclusions a e obse ing he g aphs o eading he esul s wi hou
consul ing he oo no es on he “S a is ics” pages o he Da a Po al.
● S uden and deg ee numbe s’ compa isons mus ake in o accoun he di e ing de ini ions o
he ield o in o ma ics and o he ypes o uni e si ies, in pa icula he no ion o “Uni e si y
o Applied Sciences” as i exis s in he coun ies men ioned abo e.
● All nume ical in o ma ion comes om o icial go e nmen al sou ces o om public da a
ca e ully e ed by senio membe s o he In o ma ics Eu ope academic communi y in he
espec i e coun ies. In some cases, colleagues old us ha hey had doub s abou some o
he esul ing igu es. Ou iew has been ha , wha e e hei possible limi a ions, we a e
be e o us ing go e nmen s a is ical o ices han elying on p i a e sou ces.
● Eu ope’s di e si y and he ichness o na ional educa ion sys ems a e pa o Eu ope’s
s eng hs, bu hey also complica e he c oss-coun y analysis. The Da a Po al sec ion “Highe
Educa ion Sys ems”
5
p o ides some backg ound on he speci ics o highe educa ion among
he coun ies p esen ed in his epo .
Genuine e o s may, o cou se, ha e c ep in, and we will be g a e ul o ecei e co ec ions.
5
h ps://www.in o ma ics-eu ope.o g/da a-po al/?page=highe -educa ion-sys ems/index.h ml
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 5
3. Bachelo ’s Le el S uden S a is ics
This sec ion p esen s da a on s uden en olmen in In o ma ics Bachelo ’s p og ammes: i s -yea
en olmen s (Sec ion 3.1), o al en olmen s ac oss all semes e s (Sec ion 3.2), and he numbe o
Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded (Sec ion 3.3). I co e s 24 Eu opean coun ies and a 5-yea window o he
academic yea s 2018/2019 — 2022/2023. To enable a ai compa ison ac oss coun ies wi h di e en
popula ion sizes, he numbe s ha e been no malised by calcula ing he numbe o s uden s/deg ees
awa ded pe 1,000,000 inhabi an s o each yea . In addi ion o he o e all numbe s, he da a also
includes gende dis ibu ion, highligh ing ends in emale pa icipa ion and g adua ion. The key
ends obse ed can be ound in Sec ion 4. Findings and Obse a ions.
The de ini ions o Bachelo ’s p og ammes a e explained in he oo no es on he “S a is ics” pages o
he Da a Po al using he URL links wi h QR codes p o ided below.
No es on he g aphs:
● whe e a da a poin is missing in he g aph(s) o a coun y, i is due o he una ailabili y o
da a om o icial sou ces: e.g. mos ecen da a poin s o Belgium (RU&UAS), F ance (RU),
i s -yea en olmen s o Li huania (RU&UAS), and all da a o Denma k (UAS);
● o Sweden and Poland, he igu es include bo h RUs and UAS, as sepa a e da a o each ype
was no a ailable om o icial sou ces.
3.1 Fi s -yea s uden s
The gene al en olmen ends a e illus a ed in G aphs 1.1–1.6, ollowed by he emale sha e o i s -
yea Bachelo ’s s uden s shown in G aphs 1.7–1.9.
The exac numbe s o i s -yea Bachelo ’s s uden s o all yea s s a ing om 2010/11, along wi h
de ini ions used, enhanced da a isualisa ions and explana ions o changes in na ional ends, can
be ound on he In o ma ics Eu ope Highe Educa ion Da a Po al unde he ollowing links, o by
scanning he QR codes below.
Absolu e numbe o s uden s
Ra io pe 1,000,000
inhabi an s
Female pe cen age
h ps://www.in o ma ics-
eu ope.o g/da a-
po al/?page=s a is ics/bach
elo _ i s _yea _ o al.h ml
h ps://www.in o ma ics-
eu ope.o g/da a-
po al/?page=s a is ics/bachel
o _ i s _yea _ a io.h ml
h ps://www.in o ma ics-
eu ope.o g/da a-
po al/?page=s a is ics/bachelo
_ i s _yea _pe cen age.h ml
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 6
G aph 1.1 – S uden s in In o ma ics Bachelo ’s p og ammes ( i s -yea ) pe 1,000,000 inhabi an s a
RU plus UAS in 2022/23
G aph 1.2 – S uden s in In o ma ics Bachelo ’s p og ammes ( i s -yea ) pe 1,000,000 inhabi an s a
RU plus UAS – 5-yea end
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 13
G aph 2.5 – Ra io be ween he numbe o s uden s in In o ma ics Bachelo ’s P og ammes (all
semes e s) a UAS s RU – 5-yea end
G aph 2.6 – Pe cen age change in he numbe o s uden s in In o ma ics Bachelo ’s P og ammes (all
semes e s) om 2018/19 o 2022/23
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 14
G aph 2.7 – Pe cen age o emale s uden s in In o ma ics Bachelo ’s p og ammes (all semes e s) a
RU plus UAS – 5-yea end
G aph 2.8 – Pe cen age o emale s uden s in In o ma ics Bachelo ’s p og ammes (all semes e s) a
RU – 5-yea end
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 15
G aph 2.9 – Pe cen age o emale s uden s in In o ma ics Bachelo ’s p og ammes (all semes e s) a
UAS – 5-yea end
3.3 Deg ees awa ded
The gene al g adua ion ends a e illus a ed in G aphs 3.1–3.6, ollowed by he pe cen age o
Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded o emale s uden s shown in G aphs 3.7–3.8.
The exac numbe s o Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded o all yea s s a ing om 2010/11, along wi h
de ini ions used, enhanced da a isualiza ions and explana ions o changes in na ional ends, can
be ound on he In o ma ics Eu ope Highe Educa ion Da a Po al unde he ollowing links, o by
scanning he QR codes below.
Absolu e numbe o deg ees
awa ded
Ra io pe 1,000,000
inhabi an s
Female pe cen age
h ps://www.in o ma ics-
eu ope.o g/da a-
po al/?page=s a is ics/bache
lo _deg ees_awa ded_ o al.h
ml
h ps://www.in o ma ics-
eu ope.o g/da a-
po al/?page=s a is ics/bachel
o _deg ees_awa ded_ a io.h
ml
h ps://www.in o ma ics-
eu ope.o g/da a-
po al/?page=s a is ics/bachelo
_deg ees_awa ded_pe cen age.
h ml
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 16
G aph 3.1. – In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded pe 1,000,000 inhabi an s a RU plus UAS in
2022/23
G aph 3.2 – In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded pe 1,000,000 inhabi an s a RU plus UAS – 5-
yea end
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 17
G aph 3.3 – In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded pe 1,000,000 inhabi an s a RU – 5-yea end
G aph 3.4 – In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded pe 1,000,000 inhabi an s a UAS – 5-yea end
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 18
G aph 3.5 – Ra io be ween he numbe In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded a UAS s RU – 5-
yea end
G aph 3.6 – Pe cen age change in he numbe o In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded om
2018/19 o 2022/23
A signi ican change in Bachelo 's deg ees awa ded a Bulga ian UAS can be be e unde s ood gi en he small
numbe o Bachelo ’s deg ees, whe e sligh changes in absolu e numbe s cause la ge pe cen age shi s.
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 19
G aph 3.7 – Pe cen age o In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded o emale s uden s a RU plus
UAS – 5-yea end
G aph 3.8 – Pe cen age o In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded o emale s uden s a RU – 5-yea
end
© In o ma ics Eu ope, 2025, CC BY-SA 4.0 | Page 20
G aph 3.9 – Pe cen age o In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded o emale s uden s a UAS – 5-yea
end
4. Findings and Obse a ions
F om he da a and g aphs p esen ed abo e, we can d aw he ollowing obse a ions.
S uden s ( i s -yea and all semes e s)
● In mos coun ies, excep Bulga ia and Es onia (UAS), Poland (RU & UAS), he numbe o
Bachelo ’s s uden s en olled in In o ma ics p og ammes inc eased om 2018/19 o 2022/23
(see G aph 2.6). The same happened wi h he numbe o i s -yea Bachelo ’s s uden s
en olled in In o ma ics p og ammes wi h a ew excep ions o Es onia, he Ne he lands and
Swi ze land (UAS), Ge many (RU), Poland (RU & UAS) (see G aph 1.6). This inc easing end
e lec s a posi i e de elopmen , indica ing g owing in e es owa ds he In o ma ics
p og ammes among Bachelo ’s s uden s.
● Uni e si ies o Applied Sciences (UAS) play a key ole in Bachelo 's In o ma ics educa ion by
o e ing p o ession- o oca ion-o ien ed s udies. O e he pas i e yea s, hey ha e a ac ed
mo e i s -yea Bachelo 's s uden s han adi ional esea ch uni e si ies (RUs) in coun ies
such as Finland, Ge many, I eland, he Ne he lands, and Swi ze land (see G aph 1.5). In
Belgium, Finland, he Ne he lands, and Swi ze land, he o e all numbe o Bachelo 's s uden s
en olled in all semes e s in UAS was signi ican ly highe han in RUs (see G aph 2.5). In he
Ne he lands, his di e ence was pa ly due o UAS p og ammes las ing ou yea s, compa ed
o he ypical h ee-yea RUs’ p og ammes. In Ge many and I eland, he numbe o Bachelo 's
s uden s en olled in all semes e s was oughly equal be ween he wo ypes o ins i u ions. In
con as , in coun ies like Bulga ia, Czech Republic, Es onia, Li huania, and No way UAS
ins i u ions ep esen ed only a small mino i y o Bachelo 's s uden s.
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S uden s pe million inhabi an s ( i s -yea and all semes e s)
● Finland and La ia had he highes a io o i s -yea Bachelo ’s s uden s pe million
inhabi an s (see G aph 1.2), while Sweden and Finland had he highes a io o Bachelo ’s
s uden s en olled in all semes e s pe million inhabi an s (see G aph 2.2). F ance had he
lowes a io in bo h cases.
● No e ha numbe s o bo h Sweden and F ance should be in e p e ed conside ing he
peculia i ies o hei highe educa ion sys ems and da a a ailabili y om o icial sou ces:
○ In F ance, he numbe s o Bachelo 's s uden s (bo h i s -yea and o al) a e
unde es ima ed due o he s uc u e o i s highe educa ion sys em and da a
a ailabili y om o icial sou ces. The s a is ics exclude s uden s in wo-yea
p epa a o y p og ams (classes p épa a oi es) and hose pu suing ad anced echnical
ce i ica es (BTS), who may en e uni e si y in he hi d yea . Addi ionally, s uden s
pu suing a Diplôme uni e si ai e de Technologie (DUT) in non-In o ma ics ields and
s uden s om p i a e highe educa ion ins i u ions and hose o e seen by minis ies
o he han he Minis y o Highe Educa ion, Resea ch and Inno a ion (e.g., EPITA,
École Poly echnique), ep esen ing abou 10% o epu able In o ma ics ins i u ions,
we e no included.
○ In Sweden, da a includes bo h s uden s egis e ed o ull s udy p og ammes aimed
a i s -cycle deg ees as well as hose aking indi idual cou ses wi hin i s -cycle
deg ee p og ammes. This b oade inclusion explains he compa a i ely highe
numbe o Bachelo ’s s uden s en olled in all semes e s.
Female s uden s ( i s -yea and all semes e s)
● In all coun ies, he sha e o emale s uden s emained well below pa i y wi h hei male
coun e pa s, no exceeding 35%. The highes emale pa icipa ion was obse ed in Sweden
( anging om 31% o 34%), while he lowes was epo ed in Belgium RUs ( anging be ween
9–13% o i s -yea s uden s and 8–11% o s uden s en olled ac oss all semes e s).
Ne e heless, in mos coun ies, excep Bulga ia, Es onia, Ge many, Po ugal, Romania, and
Tu key, he p opo ion o emale Bachelo ’s s uden s was inc easing (see G aph 2.7),
e lec ing he posi i e in luence o ini ia i es p omo ing gende balance in In o ma ics.
Fu he mo e, he majo i y o su eyed coun ies, excep Bulga ia, Ge many, G eece, Po ugal,
and Romania, showed he g ow h in he sha e o emale i s -yea Bachelo ’s s uden s (see
G aph 1.7), sugges ing ha e o s o a ac emale high school s uden s o pu sue
In o ma ics a e ha ing a measu able impac .
● In mos coun ies ha dis inguish be ween RUs and UAS, i.e. Bulga ia, Belgium, Ge many,
I eland, Li huania, he Ne he lands, No way, and Po ugal, RUs ha e consis en ly shown a
highe sha e o emale Bachelo ’s s uden s han UAS o e he 5 yea s. In con as , in Aus ia,
Finland, he Czech Republic, Es onia, and Swi ze land, he emale sha e was ei he nea ly
equal be ween he wo ypes o ins i u ions o a ied ac oss yea s, wi h some yea s showing
a highe sha e a RUs and o he s a UAS.
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Deg ees awa ded
● In mos coun ies, excep La ia, Belgium (UAS), Es onia (UAS), and I eland (UAS), he numbe
o In o ma ics Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded inc eased om 2018/19 o 2022/23 (see G aph
3.6).
● Each yea , Uni e si ies o Applied Sciences (UAS) g adua ed mo e and mo e Bachelo 's
s uden s. In Belgium, Finland, Ge many, he Ne he lands, and Swi ze land, he numbe o
In o ma ics Bachelo 's deg ees awa ded by UAS was signi ican ly highe han by esea ch
uni e si ies (RUs), while in Aus ia and I eland, he numbe s we e almos equal be ween he
wo ypes o ins i u ions. In con as , in Bulga ia, he Czech Republic, Es onia, Li huania, and
No way, he numbe o In o ma ics deg ees awa ded by UAS was e y low, and hese
ins i u ions ep esen only a small mino i y o s uden s (see G aph 3.5).
Deg ees awa ded pe million inhabi an s
● Finland had he highes a io o Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded pe million inhabi an s, while
F ance, I aly and Spain had he lowes (see G aph 3.2). No e ha numbe s o F ance should
be in e p e ed aking in o conside a ion he da a a ailabili y om o icial sou ces. F ench da a
do no co e p i a e highe educa ion ins i u ions and hose o e seen by minis ies o he han
he Minis y o Highe Educa ion, Resea ch and Inno a ion, ep esen ing abou 10% o
epu able In o ma ics ins i u ions.
Deg ees awa ded o emale s uden s
● Compa ed o he end obse ed among Bachelo ’s s uden s, he numbe o coun ies wi h a
consis en ly g owing sha e o emale Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded was no as high. In abou
hal o he coun ies obse ed – Belgium, Finland, F ance, Ge many, I eland, he Ne he lands,
No way, Spain, Sweden, Swi ze land, and he UK – he sha e o emale Bachelo ’s deg ees
awa ded was inc easing. In he o he hal , he end was ei he ela i ely s able (Aus ia,
Bulga ia, Czech Republic, G eece, I aly, La ia, Li huania, Poland, Po ugal, Romania) o e en
declining (Es onia, Tu key). In all cases, he sha e o Bachelo ’s deg ees awa ded did no
exceed 37% wi h he highes sha e obse ed in Sweden ( a ying be ween 32-37%), Tu key
(30-35%), Bulga ia (32-36%), and Romania (31-34%), and he lowes sha e obse ed in
Belgium ( a ying be ween 7-9%) (see G aph 3.7).
● In hal o he coun ies ha dis inguish be ween RUs and UAS (i.e. Belgium, Finland, I eland,
Li huania, he Ne he lands, No way, and Po ugal), RUs awa ded a highe sha e o emale
Bachelo ’s deg ees han UAS. In Bulga ia, he Czech Republic, Es onia and Swi ze land, he
emale sha e a ied ac oss yea s, wi h some yea s showing a highe sha e a RUs and o he s
a UAS. In con as , in Aus ia and Ge many, UAS awa ded a highe sha e o emale Bachelo ’s
deg ees han RUs.
