163
Mangi e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2020
RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS
Exp ession o he e o ic pe o mance in F1 c osses in B -lines
and non-B es e pa en s o upland co on (
Gossypium
hi su um
L.)
Naima ullah Mangi1,2*, Sam een Khanzada2, Acha Lasha i2, Sajjad Ali Sanwal2,
Za naz Jagi ani2, Munaiza Baloch2, Xiaoyan Wang1,3, Qi eng Ma1, Fan Shuli1
1S a e Key Labo a o y o Co on Biology, Ins i u e o Co on Resea ch o CAAS, Anyang 455000,
China
2Depa men o Plan B eeding and Gene ics Sindh Ag icul u e Uni e si y Tandojam Sindh,
Pakis an
3Anyang Ins i u e o Technology, College o Biology and Food Enginee ing, Anyang, 455000, China
Key wo ds: He e o ic, F1, B - lines, non-B - es e , Co on, Gossypium hi su umL.
h p://dx.doi.o g/10.12692/ijb/16.6.163-177
A icle published on June 29, 2020
Abs ac
The he e o ic pe o mance o pa en s es ima ed o de e mine he pe o mance o co on in line X es e
combina ions and o de e mine he e osis o iden i ica ion o po en ial geno ypes o hyb id c op de elopmen in
co on. Two ypes o he e osis a e es ima ed, he he e o ic e ec o he F1 hyb id upon mid pa en s and be e
pa en s ela i e he e osis and he e obel iosis. The analysis o x line es e was pe o med o obse e he
in luence o pa en s o e hyb id wi h a combina ion o co on. To al 7 pa en s including 4 lines wi h 3 es e and
hei 12 eplica ions in Kha i season we e g own a Shah La i expe imen al a eas Sindh Ag icul u e Uni e si y,
Tandojam in 2011. In his in es iga ion he ai s including he heigh o he plan , sympodial b anches pe plan ,
monopodialb anches pe plan , bolls numbe pe plan , yield o co on seed pe plan , ginning ou u n
pe cen age, sex index and s aple leng h.Rega ding he e o ic es ima es, c osses B . NIAB-777 x Sado iga e
maximum he e osis o plan heigh , sympodial b anches, seed index, lin index and B .CIM-595 x CIM-506
mani es ed maximum he e osis o G.O.T%, seed index and lin index. O he hyb ids, B .886 x CIM-506
demons a ed high he e osis o sympodial b anches, boll weigh and s aple leng h and B . NIAB-852 x sado i
o monopodial b anches, G.O.T% and S aple leng h. The high he e osis displaying hyb ids may be exploi ed o
hyb id igo o a ious cha ac e s.
* Co esponding Au ho : Naima ullah Mangi manginaima[email p o ec ed]
In e na ional Jou nal o Biosciences | IJB |
ISSN: 2220-6655 (P in ), 2222-5234 (Online)
h p://www.innspub.ne
Vol. 16, No. 6, p. 163-177, 2020
164
Mangi e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2020
In oduc ion
Co on c ops a e gene ally known as a cash c op in
he Wo ld. Co on h ead made om i s ibe is
u ilized o b ea hable and so ex ile, ha commonly
used in na u al ibe h ead clo h in ecen days
(Ramamoo hy e al., 2015; Sa az e al., 2020). Fo
he ul ilmen o hese equi emen , majo p oduc ion
gained h ough di e en co on upland a ie ies as
well as some equi ed is also ul illed h ough
Ame ican Egyp ian sea land co on commonly g own
in he Asia con inen . This c op is no only u ilized o
ibe bu also i is 2nd majo sou ce o plan p o ein
han soybean as well as 5 h maximum oil p oducing
c op a e soybean, sun lowe , colza and soybean
(Texie , 1993). I has been epo ed ha abou 7% o
he alue added in he ag icul u e, while 1.5% sha ed
in GDP o Pakis an by co on c op. In p e ious yea s
2013 co on was g own on 2879 housand hec o
a eas abou 1.6% highe as compa ed o o he
p e ious yea s which 2835 housand hec o a ea.
In 2013 he 14.5 million a ge s we e manda ed by he
go e nmen o Pakis an which we e ied o achie e
abou 13.0 million bales in he same yea , ha showed
10.3 educ ions in a ge wi h eeduca ion in 4.2% in
du ing nex yea was 13.6 million numbe o bales
(GOP, 2013). Co on p oduc ion has been epo ed
abou 4.2% educed du ing he yea o 2013, i may be
due o di e en pes a ack du ing he ea ly ime o
c op(GOP, 2013). The wo ld co on b eede s ha e
aken his ask, bu could no p oceed beyond he
p elimina y s age due o i s sel -pollina ed na u e ha
showed ew a ia ion in luences o he seed
p oduc ion o hyb id as compa ed o c oss pollina ed,
while he p esence o male s e ili y sou ce has opened
a way o comme cial exploi a ion o hyb idiza ion in
co on c op; hence, he impo ance o he s udy o he
pe o mance o hyb ids needs a en ion o he
b eede s (Ashokkuma e al., 2014). He e osis
exploi a ion is one o he e ec i e ools o imp o e
plan yields and di e en he e osis alues ha e been
epo ed o yield and ibe quali y p ope ies by he
b eede s in hei s udies. In s udies, 26% and 24.5%
he e osis and he e obel iosis in ibe yield ha e been
epo ed by(Rau e al., 2005) who also ob ained he
highes he e osis and he e obel iosis o lin yield. Fo
ibe quali y p ope ies no signi ican he e o ic e ec s
we e ob ained o miconai e and s eng h. (Me edi h
J & B own, 1998) ound ha signi ican he e osis o
lin yield, lin pe cen age and ibe leng h sugges a
leas one pa en should ha e abo e a e age ibe
quali y. S agnan co on yields ha e been epo ed in
ecen yea s and by exploi ing he e osis. Co on yields
can be inc eased. Signi ican He e osis o 1s
ha es ed p oduc ion, weigh o bolls, and pe cen age
o lin and leng h o 50 pe cen age li e span obse ed
in in es iga ions.
Ma e ial and me hods
The p esen expe imen was pe o med a La i Fa m,
Sindh Ag icul u e Uni e si y, Tandojam, du ing
Kha i 2013, o assess he pe o mance o co on in
line x es e combina ions and o de e mine he e osis
o iden i ica ion o po en ial geno ypes o hyb id
c op de elopmen in co on.
The expe imen al ma e ial has consis ed o F1 c osses
and hei pa en s belonging o Gossypiumhi su umL.
he seeds we e sown in a Randomized Comple e Block
Design (RCBD) wi h wo eplica ions. The e we e
se en pa en s, ou o which 4 we e lines/ emales and
3 we e es e s/pollina o s and hei 12 F1 hyb ids.
Thus o al 23 geno ypes we e e alua ed o plan
heigh (cm), monopodial b anches plan -1, sympodial
b anches plan -1, boll weigh (g), numbe o bolls
plan -1, co on seed yield plan -1 (g), ginning ou u n
pe cen age (GOT %), seed index (g), lin index (g) and
s aple leng h (mm).
S a is ical analysis
Analysis o a iance was applied o he da a and da a
Analysis S a is ics’ 8.1 acco ding o he me hod
sugges ed by Gomez and Gomez (1984).
Numbe
Females
1
CIM-595
2
NIAB-852
3
NIAB-777
4
B -886
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In . J. Biosci.
2020
Numbe
Tes e s/Pollina o s/males
1
CIM-506
2
CIM-554
2
Sado i
Numbe
C osses/F1 hyb ids
1
B -CIM-595 × CIM-506
2
B -CIM-595 × CIM-554
3
B -CIM-595 × Sado i
4
B -NIAB-852 × CIM-506
5
B -NIAB-852 × CIM-554
6
B -NIAB-852 × Sado i
7
B -NIAB-777 × CIM-506
8
B -NIAB-777 × CIM-554
9
B -NIAB-777 × Sado i
10
B -886 × CIM-506
11
B -886 × CIM-554
12
B -886 × Sado i
No
Pa en s = 07/Lines/Females = 04
1
CIM-595
2
NIAB-852
3
NIAB-777
4
B -886
No
Tes e s/Pollina o s/males = 03
1
CIM-506
2
CIM-554
3
Sado i
NO
C osses/F1 hyb ids = 12
1
B -CIM-595 × CIM-506
2
B -CIM-595 × CIM-554
3
B -CIM-595 × Sado i
4
B -NIAB-852 × CIM-506
5
B -NIAB-852 × CIM-554
6
B -NIAB-852 × Sado i
7
B -NIAB-777 × CIM-506
8
B -NIAB-777 × CIM-554
9
B -NIAB-777 × Sado i
10
B -886 × CIM-506
11
B -886 × CIM-554
12
B -886 × Sado i
Fo collec ing he da a, o al o 5 plan s we e
andomly selec ed om each eplica ion. The dis ance
be ween plan s o plan was kep a 30 cm whe eas
he dis ance be ween ows o ow was 75 cm. all he
ecommended ag onomic and cul u al p ac ices we e
ca ied ou p ope ly. A ma u i y, he da a o
di e en cha ac e s we e eco ded as unde .
Plan heigh cm
Plan heigh was measu ed om he base o ee soil
le el o op o ee highes poin When apical g ow h
o he main s em had ceased, he inal heigh o he
plan s was measu ed om he i s co yledona ynode
o apical bud in cen ime e susing measu ing od. The
a e ages o hese measu emen s we e hen calcula ed.
Monopodial b anches plan -1
A he ime o ma u i y, monopodial b anches we e
coun ed manually om all selec ed plan s in each
eplica ion. Then a e age monopodial b anches o
each geno ype we e calcula ed.
Sympodial b anches plan -1
Sympodial b anches a e di ec ui bea ing b anches.
A ma u i y, numbe o sympodial b anches o all
selec ed plan s was coun ed manually. These a e
ege a i e b anches usually p esen a he base o he
plan . These a e also called indi ec ui bea ing
b anches.
Boll weigh g
Boll weigh pe plan was eco ded h ough di iding
he yield o co on seed pe plan h ough numbe o
bolls pe plan , he e o e he a e age o boll weigh
pe plan was eco ded wi h he ollowing o mula.
Numbe o bolls pe plan
Comple e open bolls we e collec ed and coun ed as a
o al numbe o p oduc i e bolls pe plan .
Co onseed yield pe plan g
The Co on seed o each index pe plan om all
geno ypes was collec ed and weigh ed sepa a ely o
166
Mangi e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2020
eco d da a o co on seed yield pe plan in g ams.
Ginning ou u n% (GOT)
Co on seed o all andomly selec ed plan was
cleaned, and gained, while lin was weigh ed in
g ams. The ou u n o ginning was eco ded wi h he
o mula o
Seed Index g
To al o 100 seeds we e andomly selec ed om each
plan and weigh ed in g ams.
Lin index g
This is he weigh o lin pe 100 seeds weigh ed in
g ams. The lin index was obse ed h ough ollowing
o mula.
S aple leng h (mm)
The mos impo an ibe quali y o co on is he ibe
leng h. The ep esen a i e numbe s o samples o lin
om each plan we e measu ed o s aple leng h wi h
he help o digi al ib o g aph model 330, de eloped
by spin labo a o y. The mean sample s aple leng h
was ob ained by aking he a e age o he eadings o
each sample.
Classi ica ion o ibe leng h
Numbe
Fibe leng h (mm)
G oup
1
20.5 and below
sho ibe
2
21.0 o 25.5
medium ine
3
26.0 o 27.5
medium- long ibe
4
28.5 o 33.5
Long ibe
5
34.0 and abo e
Ex a - long ibe
Classi ica ion
No
Fibe leng h (mm)
G oup
1
20.5 and below
sho ibe
2
21.0 o 25.5
medium ibe
3
26.0 o 27.5
medium-long ibe
4
28.5 o 33.5
long ibe
5
34.0 and abo e
ex a-long ibe
A e eco ding he all pa ame e s o s udy ai s, he
analysis o a iance o showed di e ence be ween
geno ypes pa en s and F1 pe o med h ough he
me hod o Gomez and Gomez, (1984).
The he e osis was eco ded in he e m o inc ease
pe cen age (+) o dec ease (-) F1 hyb ids agains he
mid o pa en s and be e pa en dec ease was
eco ded as o mula sugges ed by(Memon e al.,
2017).
The he e obel iosis was es ima ed in e ms o pe cen
inc ease o dec ease o he F1 hyb id o e i s be e
pa en acco ding o (Z. Soom o e al., 2006).
Da a we e u he subjec ed o ( ) es ha i can be
de e mined ha F1 hyb id means a e s a is ically
di e ed om mid pa en and be e pa en alues.
While he - es alues will be eco ded wi h he below
men ioned o mula o (Wynne e al., 1970).
Whe e
F1ij = Mean o ij h F1 c oss
MPij = Mid pa en s alue o ij h c oss
BPij = Be e pa en s alues o ij h c oss
EMS E o s mean squa e.
Resul s
Analysis o a iances
In his expe imen analysis o a iance o all F1
hyb id geno ypes we e obse ed highe and
signi ican di e ence (P≤0.01) abou all he ai s
(Table 1).
167
Mangi e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2020
Table 1. The mean squa e o line × es e analysis o di e en ai s o he upland co on c op.
Sou ce o
a ia ion
D.F
Heigh o
plan
Monopodial
b anches
Sympodial
b anches
Boll weigh
No o bolls
plan -1
Co on seed
yield
GOT%
Seed index
Lin index
S aple leng h
Replica ion
2
24.596
0.011
0.170
0.009
2.362
64.986
0.689
0.053
0.055
0.155
Geno ypes
18
65.35**
1.20**
10.15**
1.88**
18.34**
45.68**
10.56**
5.10**
6.89**
28.38**
Lines (L)
3
58.920**
0.028**
1.989**
0.043**
8.765**
15.765**
0.454**
0.045**
0.050**
0.075**
Tes e s (T)
2
23.00**
2.30**
1.89**
4.45**
6.78**
9.87**
0.89**
0.67**
0.13**
0.87**
L × T
11
11.78**
5.89**
12.78**
7.90**
5.67**
8.78**
4.70**
3.67**
2.87**
1.30**
E o
36
1.535
0.003
1.989
0.001
1.082
9.844
0.010
0.007
0.002
0.004
**= signi ican a 1% p obabili y le el.
Mean pe o mance
The eco ded da a abou mean pe o mance o F1 12
hyb ids wi h 7 pa en s' lines we e in e p e ed o ind
ou majo quan i a i e cha ac e is ics in c op o
co on. The esul s ha e been desc ibed in Tabel 2 he
F1 hyb id p oduced a maximum amoun as compa e
o i s pa en lines o all unde in es iga ion ai s.
While Sado iX F1B - CIM- 95 showed highes heigh
o plan 131.35 and con ains 35.25 numbe s o bolls
pe plan and p oduced highes co on seed yield pe
plan . (115.42), and B -NIAB-852 x CIM-554 ga e
minimum monopodial b anches plan -1 (1.25), was
nex anke in boll weigh (3.56g) and seed index
(7.37) among he wel e hyb ids. While B -NIAB-852
x Sado i ga e highes seed index (7.56) and lin index
(4.38), ga e nex maximum sympodial b anches
plan -1 (22.42) and GOT% (36.67), among he
hyb ids. The F1 hyb id B -NIAB-777 x CIM-506 ga e
lowes plan heigh (119.39), lowes seed co on yield
(100.87), ginned lowes (35.32) lin and lowes seed
index (6.88), minimum lin index (3.76). While B -
NIAB-777 x Sado i ga e maximum sympodial
b anches plan -1(22.59), and was nex anke in
numbe o bolls plan -1 (34.54), ga e smalle bolls
(3.28g); howe e , B -886 x CIM-506 ga e maximum
monopodial b anches plan -1 (1.59) and was nex
anke in seed co on yield plan -1 (113.75), and ibe
leng h ( 28.10), B -886 x Sado i ga e highes GOT%
(37.10), and ibe leng h (28.20), was nex anke in
lin index (4.25), and plan heigh (130.79) among he
hyb ids. Among he pa en s, line NIAB-852 ga e
maximum pe o mance o sympodial b anches plan -
1 (21.2), seed index (7.80), and lin index (4.43).
Among he es e s, Sado i ga e maximum p oduc ion
ega ding leng h o ibe 28.18 and bolls numbe pe
plan 30.5 while in 2nd posi ion ginning ou u n%
co on seed yield and sympodial b anches pe plan .
Table 2. Mean pe o mance o 12 hyb ids and hei 7 pa en s o di e en quan i a i e ai s o upland co on.
F1 Hyb ids
Heigh o
plan cm
Monopodial
b anches pe plan
Sympodial
b anches pe plan
Boll
Wigh g
No. o bolls
pe plan
Co on seed yield
pe plan (g)
Go %
Seed index
(g)
Lin index
(g)
S aple leng h
(mm)
B .CIM-595 x CIM-506
122.25
1.52
21.50
3.42
34.33
113.32
35.70
7.22
4.01
27.50
B .CIM-595 x CIM-554
128.13
1.43
20.78
3.60
32.54
112.91
35.66
7.31
4.05
27.45
B .CIM-595 x Sado i
131.35
1.31
22.34
3.39
35.25
115.42
36.27
7.30
4.15
27.75
B .NIAB-852 x CIM-506
119.43
1.46
21.87
3.34
32.29
103.88
35.98
7.23
4.06
27.72
B .NIAB-852 x CIM-554
121.52
1.25
21.26
3.56
29.72
101.38
36.17
7.37
4.18
27.66
B .NIAB-852 x Sado i
124.36
1.34
22.42
3.31
34.45
109.89
36.67
7.56
4.38
28.00
B . NIAB-777 x CIM-506
119.39
1.46
21.96
3.35
31.29
100.87
35.32
6.88
3.76
27.52
B . NIAB-777 x CIM-554
123.56
1.43
21.48
3.49
30.85
103.28
35.48
7.10
3.90
27.62
B . NIAB-777 x Sado i
127.38
1.27
22.59
3.28
34.54
109.34
35.91
7.23
4.05
27.73
B -886 x CIM-506
122.46
1.59
21.67
3.50
33.78
113.75
36.57
7.12
4.11
28.10
B -886 x CIM-554
129.52
1.42
20.55
3.55
32.45
111.21
36.35
7.27
4.15
27.92
B -886 x Sado i
130.79
1.47
22.36
3.42
33.16
109.15
37.10
7.18
4.25
28.20
PARENTS
Female line
CIM-595
121.4
1.1
20.4
3.39
28.6
92.98
35.47
7.27
4.00
27.10
NIAB-852
111.5
0.9
21.2
3.25
27.5
85.98
36.24
7.80
4.43
27.55
NIAB-777
112.4
1.0
20.5
3.20
28.2
86.37
34.84
7.05
3.77
27.41
B -886
118.7
1.5
19.5
3.47
28.0
93.11
37.09
7.20
4.24
28.02
Tes e
CIM-506
108.4
1.6
18.9
3.30
30.0
95.00
35.50
6.41
3.53
27.77
CIM-554
117.7
1.3
18.1
3.67
25.4
90.03
35.67
6.58
3.65
27.64
Sado i
120.1
1.2
20.7
3.26
30.5
94.70
36.45
6.71
3.85
28.18
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Mangi e al.
In . J. Biosci.
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Plan heigh
Among wel e-line X es e c osses, esul s in
(Table3) showed ha en F1 hyb ids exceeded in plan
heigh o e hei espec i e mid pa en s as well as
be e pa en s. The ela i e he e osis o his cha ac e
anged om 6.03% o 9.57% and 0.70% o 8.90% was
he e obel iosis whe eas only wo F1 hyb ids ga e
nega i e he e osis o e hei only be e pa en s. The
highes he e osis (9.57%) was mani es ed by B -866 x
CIM-554 and B - NIAB-777 x sado i o e hei mid
pa en s ollowed by he c oss B -CIM-595 x
sado i ha showed he 8.77% o he e osis upon he
mid pa en s, while maximum he e osiso 8.90% o e
be e pa en .
Table 3. The F1hyb ids he e o ic in luence upon he mid pa en s and hei he e obel iosis be e pa en ’s
o plan heigh cm.
F1 hyb ids
Pa en seed
Pa en pollen
F1 hyb ids
Mid pa en s
Pe cen age + inc ease o dec ease - o e
Mid pa en
Be e pa en
B .CIM-595 x CIM-506
121.4
108.4
122.25
114.90
6.39
0.69
B .CIM-595 x CIM-554
121.4
117.7
128.13
119.55
7.17
5.54
B .CIM-595 x Sado i
121.4
120.1
131.35
120.75
8.77
8.19
B .NIAB-852 x CIM-506
111.5
108.4
119.43
109.95
8.62
7.11
B .NIAB-852 x CIM-554
111.5
117.7
121.52
114.60
6.03
3.24
B .NIAB-852 x Sado i
111.5
120.1
124.36
115.80
7.39
3.54
B . NIAB-777 x CIM-506
112.4
108.4
119.39
110.40
8.14
6.21
B . NIAB-777 x CIM-554
112.4
117.7
123.56
115.05
7.39
4.97
B . NIAB-777 x Sado i
112.4
120.1
127.38
116.25
9.57
6.06
B -886 x CIM-506
118.7
108.4
122.46
113.55
7.84
3.16
B -886 x CIM-554
118.7
117.7
129.52
118.20
9.57
9.11
B -886 x Sado i
118.7
120.1
130.79
119.40
9.53
8.90
Monopodial b anch pe plan
The esul s om he e osis (Table-4) showed ha he
c oss B .NIAB-852 x Sado i ga e maximum (27.61%)
ela i e he e osis whe eas B .NIAB-777 x CIM-506
eco ded highes (30.00%) he e obel iosis while he
c oss B -886 x CIM-554 anked minimum he e osis
o e bo h mid pa en and be e pa en . Ou indings
con o m wi h hose o (Aslam, 2004; Muhammad e
al., 2014) who also epo ed signi ican alues o
cha ac e monopodial b anches. P esen esul s,
howe e , sugges ed ha hyb ids B . NIAB-852 x
Sado i and B . NIAB-777 x CIM-506 may be u ilized
o hyb id c op de elopmen o imp o e yield.
Table 4. The he e o ic in luence on hyb ids upon he mid pa en s wi h be e pa en ’s he e obel iosis o
monopodial b anch pe plan ai .
F1 hyb ids
Pa en seed
Pa en pollen
F1
Mid pa en
Pe cen age + inc ease and dec ease – o e
F1 hyb ids
Mid pa en s
Be e pa en s
B .CIM-595X CIM-506
1.1
1.6
1.52
1.35
12.59
-5.00
B .CIM-595X CIM-554
1.1
1.3
1.43
1.20
19.16
10.00
B .CIM-595X Sado i
1.1
1.2
1.31
1.15
13.91
9.16
B .NIAB-852X CIM-506
0.9
1.6
1.46
1.25
16.8
-8.75
B .NIAB-852X CIM-554
0.9
1.3
1.25
1.10
13.63
-3.84
B .NIAB-852X Sado i
0.9
1.2
1.34
1.05
27.61
11.66
B . NIAB-777X CIM-506
1.0
1.6
1.46
1.30
12.30
-8.75
B . NIAB-777X CIM-554
1.0
1.3
1.43
1.15
24.34
10
B . NIAB-777X Sado i
1.0
1.2
1.27
1.10
15.45
5.83
B -886X CIM-506
1.5
1.6
1.59
1.55
2.58
-0.625
B -886X CIM-554
1.5
1.3
1.42
1.40
1.42
-5.33
B -886X Sado i
1.5
1.2
1.47
1.35
8.88
-2
169
Mangi e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2020
Sympodial b anches pe plan
Rega ding he e osis (Table-5), c oss B -886 x CIM-
506 ga e maximum (12.86%) ela i e he e osis,
howe e , c oss B . NIAB-777 x Sado i ga e maximum
he e obel iosis. O he hyb ids also show he ai
amoun o he e osis o sympodial b anches. O he
esea che s like (Ab o e al., 2009; Aslam, 2004;
Muhammad e al., 2014), desc ibed a su icien
amoun o he e osis o he sympodial b anch. The
indings o he e o ic sugges ed hyb ids, B -886 x
CIM-506 and B . NIAB-777 x Sado i is he bes
c osses o exploi ing hyb id igo in co on c op.
Table 5. The he e o ic in luence o F1 hyb ids upon mid pa en and be e pa en ’s he e obel iosis o sympodial
b anches pe plan ai .
F1 hyb ids
Pa en seed
Pa en pollen
F1 hyb ids
Mid pa en
Pe cen age + inc ease o dec ease – o e
F1 hyb ids
Mid pa en s
Be e pa en s
B .CIM-595X CIM-506
20.4
18.9
21.5
19.65
9.42
5.39
B .CIM-595X CIM-554
20.4
18.1
20.78
19.25
7.948
1.86
B .CIM-595X Sado i
20.4
20.7
22.34
20.55
8.71
7.92
B .NIAB-852X CIM-506
21.2
18.9
21.87
20.05
9.07
3.16
B .NIAB-852X CIM-554
21.2
18.1
21.26
19.65
8.19
0.28
B .NIAB-852X Sado i
21.2
20.7
22.42
20.95
-7.01
5.75
B . NIAB-777X CIM-506
20.5
18.9
21.96
19.70
11.47
7.12
B . NIAB-777X CIM-554
20.5
18.1
21.48
19.30
11.29
4.78
B . NIAB-777X Sado i
20.5
20.7
22.59
20.60
9.66
9.13
B -886X CIM-506
19.5
18.9
21.67
19.20
12.86
11.12
B -886X CIM-554
19.5
18.1
20.55
18.80
9.30
5.38
B -886X Sado i
19.5
20.7
22.36
20.10
11.24
8.019
Boll weigh
The esul s o he e o ic and he e obel io ic
in luenced o boll weigh (Table 6) showed 11 F1
hyb ids showed posi i e he e osis, mid pa en , ha
change 1.46 o 3.24% wi h 7 posi i e c osses showed
be e pa en s he e osis 0.00 o 1.535 be ween 12
hyb ids. The highes (3.24%) ela i e he e osis was
p oduced by B -886 x CIM-506. While hyb id B -
NIAB-852 x Sado i which displayed maximum
(1.53%) he e obel iosis o he cha ac e o boll
weigh .
Table 6. The he e o ic in luence o F1 hyb ids upon mid pa en s and be e pa en ’s (he e obel iosis) o he
cha ac e boll weigh (g).
F1 hyb ids
Seed pa en
Pollen pa en
F1 hyb id
Mid pa en
Pe cen age inc ease + o dec ease – o e
F1 hyb ids
Mid pa en
Be e pa en
B .CIM-595X CIM-506
3.39
3.30
3.42
3.35
2.089
0.88
B .CIM-595X CIM-554
3.39
3.67
3.60
3.53
1.98
1.907
B .CIM-595X Sado i
3.39
3.26
3.39
3.33
1.80
0.00
B . NIAB-852X CIM-506
3.25
3.30
3.34
3.28
1.09
1.21
B .NIAB-852X CIM-554
3.25
3.67
3.56
3.46
2.89
-2.997
B . NIAB-852X Sado i
3.25
3.26
3.31
3.26
1.53
1.53
B . NIAB-777X CIM-506
3.2
3.30
3.35
3.25
3.016
1.52
B . NIAB-777X CIM-554
3.20
3.67
3.49
3.44
1.45
-4.90
B . NIAB-777X Sado i
3.20
3.26
3.28
3.23
1.547
0.61
B -886X CIM-506
3.47
3.30
3.50
3.39
3.24
0.86
B -886X CIM-554
3.47
3.67
3.55
3.57
0.56
-3.269
B -886X Sado i
3.47
3.26
3.42
3.37
1.48
-1.44
170
Mangi e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2020
Numbe o bolls plan -1
Among he wel e-line x es e c osses, esul s (Tabel
7) showed 11 F1 hyb ids posi i e he e osis as well as
he e obel iosis o numbe s o bolls pe plan ai o e
hei espec i e mid pa en s as well as be e pa en s.
Whe eas, only one F1 hyb ids ga e nega i e he e osis
o e i s be e pa en . Rela i e he e osis anging om
12.31 o 21.54% and he e obel iosis a ied om 1.15 o
15.57%. B -866 x CIM-554 showed highes he e osis
(21.54%) o e i s mid pa en and he highes
he e obel iosis 15.57% was mani es ed by CIM-595 x
Sado i.
Table 7. The he e o ic in luence o F1 upon mid pa en as well as be e pa en he e obel iosis o numbe o bolls
pe plan ai .
F1 hyb ids
Pa en seed
Pa en pollen
F1 hyb id
Mid pa en s
Pe cen age inc ease + o dec ease –
F1 hyb ids
Mid pa en
Be e pa en
B .CIM-595X CIM-506
28.6
30.0
34.33
29.30
17.17
14.43
B .CIM-595X CIM-554
28.6
25.4
32.54
27.00
20.52
13.78
B .CIM-595X Sado i
28.6
30.5
35.25
29.55
19.29
15.57
B . NIAB-852X CIM-506
27.5
30.0
32.29
28.75
12.31
7.63
B .NIAB-852X CIM-554
27.5
25.4
29.72
26.45
12.36
0.07
B . NIAB-852X Sado i
27.5
30.5
34.45
29.00
18.79
12.95
B . NIAB-777X CIM-506
28.2
30.0
31.29
29.10
7.53
4.3
B . NIAB-777X CIM-554
28.2
25.4
30.85
26.80
15.11
9.39
B . NIAB-777X Sado i
28.2
30.5
34.54
29.35
17.68
13.24
B -886X CIM-506
28.0
30.0
33.78
29.00
16.48
12.6
B -886X CIM-554
28.0
25.4
32.45
26.70
21.54
15.89
B -886X Sado i
28.0
30.5
33.16
29.25
13.37
8.72
Co on seed yield plan -1
Be ween 12 F1 hyb ids, o al hyb ids we e ound
posi i e esul s o he e osis and he e obel iosis o
co on seed yield ai (Tabel 8). The he e osis alues
a e be ween 11.23 o 23.39% and he e obel iosis
a ied om 12.61% o 21.88% in which B -CIM-595 x
CIM-554 showed highes he e osis (23.39%) o e i s
mid pa en and he highes he e osis (21.88%) o e
i s be e pa en s was mani es ed by CIM-595 x
Sado i.
Table 8. He e o ic e ec o F1 o e mid-pa en s ( ela i e he e osis) and be e pa en s (he e obel iosis) o he
cha ac e co on seed yield plan -1.
F1 hyb ids
Pa en seed
Pa en pollen
F1 hyb ids
Mid pa en
Pe cen age inc ease +
dec ease – upon F1 hyb ids
Mid pa en
Be e pa en
B .CIM-595X CIM-506
92.98
95.00
113.32
93.99
20.56
19.28
B .CIM-595X CIM-554
92.98
90.03
112.91
91.51
23.38
21.43
B .CIM-595X Sado i
92.98
94.70
115.42
93.84
22.9
21.88
B .NIAB-852X CIM-506
85.98
95.00
103.88
90.49
14.79
9.34
B .NIAB-852X CIM-554
85.98
90.03
101.38
88.01
15.19
12.60
B .NIAB-852X Sado i
85.98
94.70
109.89
90.34
21.64
16.04
B . NIAB-777X CIM-506
86.37
95.00
100.87
90.69
11.225
6.17
B . NIAB-777X CIM-554
86.37
90.03
103.28
88.20
17.09
14.7
B . NIAB-777X Sado i
86.37
94.70
109.34
90.54
20.76
15.45
B -886X CIM-506
93.11
95.00
113.75
94.06
20.93
19.73
B -886X CIM-554
93.11
90.03
111.21
91.57
21.45
19.43
B -886X Sado i
93.11
94.70
109.15
93.91
16.23
15.26
171
Mangi e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2020
GOT%
The esul s o he e osis and he e obel iosis o
GOT%(Table 9) e ealed ha ele en c osses showed
posi i e mid pa en he e osis a ied om 0.25 o
0.89% and only one c oss e ealed nega i e be e
pa en he e osis and only h ee hyb ids showed
posi i e be e pa en he e osis anging om 0.02 o
0.56%, whe eas all he es hyb ids showed nega i e
he he e osis be e pa en s. The maximum 0.89% o
he e osis showed B -886 x Sado i while hyb id B -
CIM-595 x CIM-506 which displayed maximum
(0.56%) he e obel iosis o he cha ac e o GOT%
espec i ely.
Seed index
The esul s o hyb ids mid pa en and be e pa en
he e osis and he e obel iosis ai o seed index
(Table 10) showed mid pa en he e osis a ied om
1.68 o 5.55% and only i e hyb ids showed posi i e
be e pa en he e osis anging om 0.41 o 2.55%,
whe eas all he es hyb ids showed nega i e o
he e osis o be e pa en .
While maximum 5.555 ela ed he e osis showed B -
CIM-595 x CIM-506 while hyb id B -NIAB-777 x
Sado i which displayed maximum (2.55%)
he e obel iosis o he cha ac e o seed index.
Table 9. The he e o ic in luence o F1 hyb id upon mid pa en and be e pa en ’s he e osis as well as
he e obel iosis o GOT% ai .
F1 hyb id
Seed index
Pa en pollen
F1 hyb ids
Mid pa en
Pe cen age inc ease + dec ease – upon
Mid pa en
Be e pa en
B .CIM-595X CIM-506
35.47
35.50
35.70
35.49
0.59
0.56
B .CIM-595X CIM-554
35.47
35.67
35.66
35.57
0.25
-0.02
B .CIM-595X Sado i
35.47
36.45
36.27
35.96
0.86
-0.49
B . NIAB-852X CIM-506
36.24
35.50
35.98
35.87
0.30
0.71
B .NIAB-852X CIM-554
36.24
35.67
36.17
35.96
0.58
-0.19
B . NIAB-852X Sado i
36.24
36.45
36.67
36.35
0.87
0.60
B . NIAB-777X CIM-506
34.84
35.50
35.32
35.17
0.42
-0.53
B . NIAB-777X CIM-554
34.84
35.67
35.48
35.26
0.62
-2.66
B . NIAB-777X Sado i
34.84
36.45
35.91
35.65
0.72
-1.48
B -886X CIM-506
37.09
35.50
36.57
36.30
0.74
-1.40
B -886X CIM-554
37.09
35.67
36.35
36.38
-0.08
-1.99
B -886X Sado i
37.09
36.45
37.10
36.77
0.89
0.02
Lin index
The in o ma ion abou he e o ic e ec o he
cha ac e lin index (Table 11) which exhibi ed ha all
he F1 hyb ids ga e posi i e ela i e he hyb id
he e osis and showed posi i ely and he e obel iosis
we e nega i e. The ela i i y o mid pa en he e osis,
a ied om 2.01 o 6.50% whe eas posi i e
he e obel iosis anged om 0.00% o 5.19%. The
highes (6.50%) ela i e he e osis was calcula ed om
c oss B -CIM-595 x CIM-506. While hyb id B -NIAB-
777 x Sado i which exhibi ed highes (5.19%)
he e obel iosis.
S aple leng h
The esul s o he e osis and he e obel iosis o he
cha ac e s aple leng h a e shown in (Table 12), ha
showed he e osis o mid pa en changed om -0.25
o 0.725 and single hyb id showed posi i e be e
pa en whe eas all he es hyb ids showed nega i e
be e pa en he e osis espec i ely among he wel e
hyb ids. The highes (0.72%) ela i e he e osis was
depic ed by B -886 x CIM-506 while hyb id B -886 x
Sado i which displayed maximum (0.07%)
he e obel iosis espec i ely.
Discussion
Plan heigh
Heigh ai in co on c op educed wi h he numbe
o b anches inc eased. Thus, he e is no oo much
close bu posi i e associa ion be ween plan heigh
