Co esponding au ho : Jagnade Sujal Anil
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Fo mula ion and e alua ion o he bal bio-deodo an c eam o oo odou and ungal
con ol
Sujal Anil Jagnade 1, *, P achi Nandkuma Padwal 2, P a ham Yogesh Banga 1, Jayesh Gangadha Jadha 1 and
A ishka Su esh Kad 1
1 S uden o Sama h Ins i u e o Pha macy, Belhe, Pune, Maha ash a.
2 Assis an P o esso , Depa men o Quali y Assu ance Technique, Sama h Ins i u e o Pha macy, Belhe, Pune,
Maha ash a.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 036-042
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 24 Sep embe 2025; e ised on 01 No embe 2025; accep ed on 03 No embe 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.24.2.0976
Abs ac
Foo odo and ungal in ec ions, such as a hle e's oo , a e common skinca e condi ions due o excessi e swea ing
and/o he g ow h o mic obes associa ed wi h closed oo wea . Con en ional deodo an s and an i ungal c eams
con ain syn he ic ing edien s. Due o hei long- e m usage, hese agen s may lead o skin i i a ion and/o alle gic
eac ions. This s udy aims o o mula e and assess an he bal bio-deodo an c eam made om na u al opical
compounds ha ha e demons a ed an imic obial and deodo izing ac i i y. Neem lea ex ac and ea ee oil se ed as
ac i e an imic obial ing edien s o hei s ong an ibac e ial and an i ungal p ope ies. Complemen a y o neem and
ea ee oil, peppe min oil and campho c ea ed a cooling e ec o masking odo . Aloe e a gel and coconu oil se ed
as emollien s o mois u ize s ha help hyd a e skin and elie e i i a ion while alum se ed as a na u al as ingen and
deodo ize . The base o mula ion included s ea ic acid, ce os ea yl alcohol, glyce in, and ie hanolamine o achie e he
app op ia e ex u e, s abili y, and sp ead abili y.
The inal o mula ion was assessed o i s physical p ope ies, pH, iscosi y, sp eadabili y, homogenei y, washabili y,
s abili y, and an i ungal ac i i y. The c eam was con i med o possess a smoo h appea ance, pH o 6.5 ± 0.1, and excellen
sp eadabili y, wi h no phase sepa a ion o g i y appea ance.
Keywo ds: He bal Bio-Deodo an ; An i ungal C eam; Foo Odo ; Neem; Tea T ee Oil; Peppe min ; Na u al
Fo mula ion
1. In oduc ion
He bal cosme ics a e o mula ions ha combine na u al plan -based ing edien s wi h cosme ic bases o p o ec , heal,
and enhance he skin. In ecen yea s, a wide ange o he bal cosme ic and oile y p oduc s inspi ed by adi ional
Indian he bs ha e gained popula i y o hei sa e y and e ec i eness. Fee , being cons an ly exposed o ic ion and
en i onmen al s ess, equi e special ca e since hey lack oil glands and depend on swea glands o main ain mois u e.
The d yness o oo skin o en leads o p oblems like c acks, in ec ions, and odo , making oo ca e p oduc s such as
c eams and deodo an s essen ial.
He bal oo c eams possess e eshing, deodo izing, an isep ic, an i ungal, and wound-healing p ope ies ha help
p e en common oo diso de s like a hle e’s oo , nail ungus, and c acked heels. Among a ious medicinal plan s,
Mimosa pudica Linn., commonly known as ouch-me-no , is alued o i s an i-in lamma o y, an ibac e ial, wound-
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37
healing, and an ioxidan p ope ies. These quali ies make i a p omising ing edien o de eloping e ec i e he bal
o mula ions aimed a main aining oo hygiene and skin heal h.
He bal o mula ions ha e gained signi ican a en ion as sa e and eco- iendly al e na i es o syn he ic cosme ics. Plan s
con ain a wide ange o bioac i e compounds such as alkaloids, la onoids, e penoids, and phenolics ha exhibi
an imic obial, an i ungal, an ioxidan , and soo hing e ec s. These na u al cons i uen s’ help in p o ec ing he skin om
in ec ions, educing in lamma ion, and p omo ing issue epai [15]. Fo oo ca e applica ions, he bs like neem, ea
ee, peppe min , and aloe e a a e pa icula ly e ec i e due o hei s ong an imic obial and deodo izing p ope ies.
When combined wi h a sui able c eam base, hese ing edien s no only help in con olling odo and ungal g ow h bu
also nou ish and so en d y, c acked skin. Thus, he bal oo c eams se e a dual pu pose—main aining hygiene and
imp o ing he o e all heal h and appea ance o he ee .
Figu e 1 Va ious Foo P oblems
1.1. Uses
1.1.1. Con ol o Foo Odo and In ec ion
The o mula ion is designed o p e en and con ol oo odo and ungal in ec ions caused by excessi e pe spi a ion and
mic obial g ow h in enclosed oo wea en i onmen s.
1.1.2. Na u al and Skin-F iendly App oach
Unlike syn he ic deodo an s ha may cause d yness, i i a ion, o alle gies wi h p olonged use, his he bal bio-
deodo an c eam p o ides a sa e and mo e biocompa ible al e na i e.
1.1.3. An imic obial and An i ungal Ac ion
Neem ex ac , ea ee oil, and alum ac as na u al an imic obials, e ec i ely educing he bac e ial and ungal
popula ions esponsible o odo and in ec ions.
1.1.4. Deodo izing and Cooling E ec
Peppe min oil and campho impa a cooling, e eshing, and deodo izing sensa ion, helping elie e discom o and
mask unpleasan odo s.
1.1.5. Mois u izing and Skin-Repai ing P ope ies
Aloe e a gel and coconu oil se e as emollien and hyd a ing agen s, es o ing skin mois u e, p e en ing c acking, and
main aining he na u al so ness o he oo .
1.1.6. Fo mula ion S abili y and Tex u e
S ea ic acid, ce os ea yl alcohol, glyce in, and ie hanolamine unc ion as emulsi ie s, s abilize s, and humec an s,
ensu ing smoo h ex u e, good sp eadabili y, and physical s abili y o he c eam.
1.1.7. En i onmen ally Sus ainable and Sa e
The he bal base makes he o mula ion eco- iendly, biodeg adable, and ee om syn he ic chemicals, aligning wi h
he g owing p e e ence o sus ainable cosme ic p oduc s.
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1.1.8. O e all Bene i
The combined e ec o all ing edien s esul s in a sa e, e ec i e, and na u ally de i ed opical p epa a ion o
main aining oo hygiene, p e en ing odo , and con olling ungal in ec ions while keeping he skin nou ished and
com o able.
2. Ma e ials and Me hods
2.1. Ing edien s
Table 1 Lis o Ing edien s
Ing edien
Quan i y
Reason o Selec ion / Func ion
Neem lea ex ac
0.5 g
S ong an ibac e ial, an i ungal, and an i-in lamma o y p ope ies help con ol
odou -causing mic obes and oo in ec ions.
Peppe min oil
0.5 mL
P o ides cooling, e eshing, and deodo izing e ec s; also exhibi s mild
an imic obial ac ion.
Campho
0.3 g
Ac s as a na u al deodo an and mild an isep ic, educes i ching and gi es a
cooling sensa ion.
Aloe e a gel
10 g
Se es as a soo hing, mois u izing base; enhances skin healing and educes
i i a ion.
Alum (Po assium
alum)
0.5 g
Na u al as ingen and an imic obial; helps minimize swea and con ol odo by
educing bac e ial g ow h.
Tea ee oil
0.3 mL
Powe ul an i ungal and an ibac e ial agen e ec i e agains Tinea pedis
(a hle e’s oo ).
Coconu oil
1 g
Ac s as emollien and ca ie , imp o es sp ead abili y, and has addi ional
an i ungal bene i s.
S ea ic acid
0.8 g
Func ions as an emulsi ying and hickening agen , p o iding c eam consis ency.
Ce o s ea yl alcohol
0.4 g
Wo ks as emulsi ie and s abilize , enhances c eam ex u e and smoo hness.
Glyce ine
0.8 g
Ac s as humec an , main ains skin mois u e and p e en s d yness.
T ie hanolamine
0.1 mL
Used as emulsi ie and pH adjus e , helps o m s able oil-in-wa e c eam.
Dis illed wa e
qas . 100
g
Se es as sol en and dispe sion medium o he o mula ion.
2.2. P epa a ion o He bal Ex ac
• Collec he esh neem lea es and wash he lea es ho oughly using dis illed wa e .
• D y he lea es in shade and hen g ind he lea es in o ine powde .
• Ex ac using sui able sol en .
• Fil e he ex ac and s o e in an ai igh con aine .
2.3. P epa a ion o Oil Phase (1s Beake )
• In a beake ake s ea ic acid, Ce o s ea yl alcohol, campho and coconu oil.
• Hea on a wa e ba h, a 70 °C, un il all ing edien s mel .
• S i gen ly o ob ain a uni o m phase.
2.4. P epa a ion o Aqueous Phase (2nd Beake )
• In he second beake ake glyce in, ie hanolamine (TEA) and dis illed wa e .
• Hea he aqueous phase o 70 °C ( he same empe a u e as o oil phase).
• S i con inuously and dissol e he alum and aloe e a in he aqueous phase.
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2.5. Fo ma ion o Emulsion
• Slowly add he aqueous phase in o he oil phase, and s i con inuously (magne ic s i ing).
• Lea e s i ing un il c eam becomes semi-solid.
• Lea e cool o oom empe a u e.
2.6. Addi ion o Hea -Sensi i e Ing edien s
• Once cool o below 40 °C; add he neem ex ac , ea ee and peppe min oil.
• S i well o ensu e ha all he bal ac i es a e uni o mly dis ibu ed h oughou c eam.
• Check and adjus pH om 6–7 (skin-compa ible ange
3. E alua ion o He bal Bio-Deodo an C eam
• Physical appea ance: The c eam p epa ed had a uni o m consis ency, smoo h ex u e, ligh g eenish-whi e
colo , and pleasan he bal a oma. The ex u e was so and did no lea e a g easy esidue on he skin
• De e mina ion o pH: The pH o he c eam was ound o be 6.5 ± 0.1, which is wi hin an ideal skin- iendly pH
ange and de e mined o ha e good compa ibili y wi h skin.
• Viscosi y: The iscosi y was good and p oduced he desi ed consis ency o an easy applica ion and wi h
su icien adhe ence o he skin su ace.
• Sp ead abili y: The c eam was no ed o ha e excellen sp ead abili y and when applied, he e was a hin and
uni o m laye o c eam ollowing applica ion, wi hou addi ional p essu e on he applica o .
• Homogenei y: The c eam demons a ed uni o mi y in pa ial size, phase sepa a ion, no g i iness, and
p esence o lumps, indica ing good s abili y o he o mula ion.
• Washabili y: The c eam had good washabili y wi h plain wa e , wi h no obse able’s emnan s o g easy/ hick
o s icky ma e ial adhe ing o he skin a e i s emo al.
• S abili y s udies: The o mula ion emained s able in bo h physical appea ance and chemical balance a e
a ia ions in empe a u e o 30 days, wi h no a ia ions in a oma, ex u e o colo . An i ungal ac i i y (zone
o inhibi ion): The c eam p oduced an i ungal ac i i y wi h a zone o inhibi ion o 18 mm agains Candida
albicans and Aspe gillus Nige , indica ing signi ican an i ungal ac i i y.
Figu e 2 E alua ion o C eam
4. Resul s
The he bal-based bio-deodo an c eam ha was de eloped had a smoo h consis ency and e en ex u e, was ligh
g eenish-whi e in colo , and had an appealing he bal scen . I had a pH o 6.5 ± 0.1, indica ing ha he c eam is
compa ible wi h human skin and will no i i a e i . The bio-deodo an c eam showed app op ia e iscosi y, he abili y
o sp ead easily ac oss he skin, and had homogenous ex u e wi h no physical sepa a ion o p oduc phases o
g i iness no ed. The bio-deodo an c eam was easy o wash o and e ained i s colo , scen , and consis ency a e 30
days o s abili y assessmen , indica ing good physicochemical s abili y. In e ms o an i ungal ac i i y, he bio-
deodo an c eam was assessed using he aga well di usion echnique and showed a zone o inhibi ion measu ing 18
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 036-042
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± 0.5 mm agains Candida albicans and 16 ± 0.7 mm agains Aspe gillus nige u he con i ming ha he de eloped
bio-deodo an c eam exhibi s s ong an i ungal p ope ies.In conclusion, he bio-deodo an c eam exhibi ed excellen
s abili y, an i ungal ac i i y, and deodo izing capaci y, p o iding e idence ha his bio-deodo izing c eam is a sa e and
e ec i e he bal al e na i e wi h he po en ial o con ol oo odo and oo ungus.
5. Discussion
The he bal deodo an c eam ha was p epa ed has desi able quali ies such as a uni o m, smoo h consis ency wi h a
pleasan he bal a oma, and made i easy o sp ead on he skin. The inclusion o he neem ex ac and ea ee oil
con ibu ed s ong an i ungal and an ibac e ial ac i i y as hey a e known o be e ec i e agains mic oo ganisms ha
cause odo (21-23). The peppe min oil p o ided a esh scen while enhancing he o mula's cooling and deodo an
e ec s. Aloe e a gel and glyce in added mois u izing p ope ies and soo hing e ec s o he skin. O e all, he
combina ion o hese he bal componen s demons a es he po en ial o eplace chemical based deodo an c eams as i
p o ided e icacy in enhancing oo hygiene while na u ally add essing odo and inhibi ing he g ow h o ungi.
6. Conclusion
The o mula ed he bal bio-deodo an c eam demons a ed good physical cha ac e is ics, such as smoo h ex u e,
homogenous consis ency, pleasan he bal ag ance, and good sp ead abili y and s abili y. The ac i e he bal ing edien s
including neem oil, ea ee oil, peppe min oil, and aloe e a con ibu ed signi ican ly o an imic obial, an i- ungal,
deodo izing, and skin soo hing e ec s. These cha ac e is ics indica e ha he o mula could be a po en ial na u al skin-
iendly choice o oo hygiene, malodo , and ungal p e en ion. I s low i i ancy and easy wash o cha ac e is ics
would inc ease he accep abili y and ease o use o consume s. O e all, u he in es iga ion and long- e m s abili y
s udies as well as clinical e icacy s udies would be use ul o ensu e i s p ac ical applica ion o consume sa e y, e icacy,
and scalabili y o la ge scale p oduc ion.
Fu u e Scope
The p esen esea ch explo es he e icacy o a na u ally de i ed bio-deodo an c eam as a p omising ea men o
exe ing con ol o unpleasan odo s and ungal in ec ions on he skin. Fu u e s udies could include op imizing he
o mula ion wi h enhanced deli e y sys ems like nano emulsions o liposomal c eams, enhancing skin pene a ion and
epea applica ion. In addi ion o, comp ehensi e clinical ials will examine he sa e y, e icacy, and accep ance o he
o mula ion ac oss a spec um o skin ypes. The o mula ion i sel will also need longi udinal s udies o s abili y, shel
li e, and in e ac ion wi h packaging o ad ance he o mula ion o a comme cial-g ade p oduc . Fu u e wo k could also
examine sus ainable sou cing and g een ex ac ion me hods.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Acknowledgmen s
The au ho exp esses his since e g a i ude o he Depa men o Pha maceu ics, Sama h Ins i u e O Pha macy, o
p o iding he necessa y labo a o y acili ies and ma e ials o accomplish his esea ch wo k. Special hanks o Ms.P achi
Nandkuma Padwal, Depa men o Quali y Assu ance, o he aluable guidance, mo i a ion and con inuous suppo
du ing he p ojec . The au ho is g a e ul o acul y membe s and labo a o y assis an s o he Depa men o
Pha macognosy o hei help du ing he bal ex ac ion and o mula ion s udies. Finally, he au ho wishes o hank
iends and amily membe s o hei con inuous encou agemen and mo al suppo du ing he p ojec .
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
No con lic o in e es o be disclosed.
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