*Co esponding au ho : Kad A ishka Su esh
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License 4.0.
P epa a ion and E alua ion o Simple Flo al F ag ance
A ishka Su esh Kad 1, *, P achi Nandkuma Padwal 2, P a ham Yogesh Banga 1, Jayesh Gangadha Jadha 1,
Sujal Anil Jagnade 1 and Ganesh Jay am Lamkhade 3
1 Sama h Ins i u e o Pha macy, Belhe, Pune, Maha ash a.
2 Depa men o Quali y Assu ance Technique, Sama h Ins i u e o Pha macy, Belhe, Pune, Maha ash a.
3 Depa men o Pha maceu ics, Sama h Ins i u e o Pha macy, Belhe, Pune, Maha ash a.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 118-124
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 26 Sep embe 2025; e ised on 02 No embe 2025; accep ed on 04 No embe 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.24.2.0981
Abs ac
The aim o his esea ch s udy was o o mula e and assess a lo al scen comp ised o jasmine and min essen ial oils,
wi h he in en ion o es ablishing a ligh , e eshing, and well-balanced lo al a oma. E hanol was u ilized as he p ima y
sol en o acili a e mixing and con olled ola ili y, and glyce in was inco po a ed as an e icien ixa i e o p omo e
ag ance pe sis ence and s abili y. The p opo ions o op, middle (hea ), and base no es was ca e ully op imized o
achie e a well-blended lo al-he bal ag ance [01]. The ag ance was assessed agains impo an cha ac e is ics o pH
measu emen , odo s abili y du ing s o age, and skin i i a ion es ing o con i m sa e y and quali y assu ance. The
ag ance demons a ed excellen s abili y, a pleasan a oma, and no skin i i a ion indica ing a high po en ial o u u e
use in a ious applica ions including pe umes, body sp ays, c eams and o he cosme ic o pe sonal ca e p oduc s [13].
Keywo ds: Flo al F ag ance; Essen ial Oils; Jasmine Oil; Min Oil; E hanol; Glyce in; Fixa i e; Fo mula ion; A oma
S abili y; Cosme ic P oduc ; Ph E alua ion; Odo S abili y; Skin I i a ion Tes ; Na u al F ag ance; Pe ume Fo mula ion
1. In oduc ion
Pe umes and ag ances ha e been an essen ial pa o humani y since an iqui y, synonymous wi h beau y, luxu y, and
emo ional exp ession. F ag ances can be mo e han an aes he ic p oposi ion; hey can also be ins umen al o pe sonal
hygiene and emo ional well-being, by p oducing pleasu able sensa ions and encou aging elaxa ion [11]. O he a ious
ca ego ies o a oma, lo al ag ances occupy a special place in he human expe ience, as hei ag ances a e na u ally
calming, elegan , and pleasing o all people.
In con empo a y d ug and cosme ic ields, ag ances a e o en included as pa o he composi ion o many p oduc s,
including c eams, lo ions, soaps, deodo an s, and hai ca e p oduc s [21]. F ag ances no only p o ide senso y appeal,
hey also enhance consume sa is ac ion and accep ance o he p oduc . The demand o na u al and sus ainable
ing edien s in cosme ics has isen emendously in he las decade, and mo e people a e in e es ed o know i hei
ag ances a e na u al and de i ed om plan -based essen ial oils a he han a syn he ic a oma ic componen .
Essen ial oils de i ed om lowe s such as jasmine, ose, la ende , and min ha e been popula ized o hei nice a oma
and o he he apeu ic e ec s. These plan -based ex ac s ea u e calming, s ess- educing, and mood-enhancing
bene i s in addi ion o usual hygiene e ec s o body and mind. Jasmine oil is a ich, swee lo al oil wi h elaxan and
aph odisiac p ope ies, while min oil has a e eshing and cooling op no e ha aids in enhancing lo al op no es in a
balanced a oma [17].
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119
Figu e 1 Flo al F ag ance
1.1. Uses
• Pe umes and Body Sp ays
o Ac as he p ima y applica ion o lo al ag ances.
o P o ide a long-las ing pleasan scen ha enhances mood and con idence.
o Jasmine o e s a wa m, oman ic lo al one, while min adds eshness and cooling e ec s.
o Sui able o bo h men’s and women’s ag ance blends.
• C eams and Lo ions
o Imp o e he senso y appeal and use accep ance o mois u izing and skinca e p oduc s.
o Mask unpleasan odo s om ac i e ing edien s.
o Jasmine oil con ibu es o skin nou ishmen and helps elie e d yness, while min oil p o ides a
soo hing, cooling sensa ion.
• Soaps and Body Washes
o Add a e eshing and luxu ious a oma ha enhances ba hing expe ience.
o Na u al essen ial oils ac as mild an isep ics and e esh he skin.
o Jasmine helps in elaxa ion du ing ba hing, and min e i alizes he senses.
• Deodo an s and An ipe spi an s
o P o ide long-las ing eshness and mask body odo .
o Min oil con ibu es an ibac e ial p ope ies ha help educe odo -causing bac e ia.
o Sui able o bo h ae osol and oll-on o mula ions.
• Hai Ca e P oduc s (Shampoos, Condi ione s, Hai Oils)
o Add a pleasan ag ance ha imp o es he senso y p o ile o hai p oduc s.
o Jasmine oil s eng hens hai oo s and enhances shine.
o Min oil p o ides a cooling, scalp-soo hing e ec and can help educe dand u .
• A oma he apy and S ess Relie P oduc s
o Used in di use s, candles, and massage oils o hei calming and mood-enhancing e ec s.
o Jasmine helps educe anxie y and p omo es elaxa ion.
o Min e eshes he mind, enhances ale ness, and elie es a igue.
• Pha maceu ical and The apeu ic P epa a ions
o Inco po a ed in o opical o mula ions (oin men s, balms, gels) o imp o e a oma and pa ien
compliance.
o Min oil p o ides analgesic and cooling e ec s, bene icial in pain- elie balms.
o Jasmine oil suppo s skin healing and may aid in mild an i-in lamma o y e ec s
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2. Ma e ials and Me hods
Table 1 Ing edien s lis
S .
No.
Ing edien
Quan i y (%
w/ )
Func ion / Reason o Use
1
Jasmine
Essen ial Oil
2%
P o ides a swee , lo al ag ance wi h calming and soo hing e ec s;
se es as he p ima y a oma componen .
2
Min Essen ial
Oil
1%
Adds a esh, cooling no e ha balances he lo al one o jasmine; o e s
mild an imic obial and e eshing p ope ies.
3
E hanol
(Sol en )
90%
Ac s as a sol en o dissol e essen ial oils uni o mly; helps in ag ance
dispe sion and quick d ying when applied.
4
Glyce in
(Fixa i e)
5%
Se es as a ixa i e o slow down e apo a ion o ola ile oils, enhancing
a oma longe i y and smoo hness.
5
Dis illed Wa e
2%
Used o adjus he concen a ion and cla i y o he o mula ion; ensu es
pu i y and s abili y.
Table 2 Appa a us Lis
S . No.
Appa a us
Pu pose / Reason o Use
1
Beake
Used o mixing and blending he essen ial oils, sol en , and ixa i e du ing
o mula ion.
2
Measu ing
Cylinde
Fo accu a ely measu ing he equi ed olume o liquids such as e hanol, glyce in,
and dis illed wa e .
3
Funnel
Helps in ans e ing he p epa ed ag ance solu ion in o s o age bo les wi hou
spillage.
4
Glass Rod
Used o gen le s i ing o ensu e uni o m mixing o all ing edien s.
5
D oppe
Allows p ecise addi ion o essen ial oils d opwise o con ol ag ance in ensi y.
6
Ai igh Pe ume
Bo les
Used o s o e he inal ag ance o mula ion, p e en ing e apo a ion and
con amina ion.
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121
2.1.1. Me hod o P epa a ion
2.2. E alua ion Pa ame e s o Flo al F ag ance Fo mula ion
Table 3 E alua ion Table
S.No.
Pa ame e
Me hod
Pu pose
1
Odo E alua ion
Senso y es ing by a ained panel o
e alua o s.
To assess he in ensi y, pleasan ness,
and lo al ha mony o he ag ance.
2
pH Measu emen
Using a calib a ed digi al pH me e a
oom empe a u e.
Ensu es o mula ion is wi hin he skin-
compa ible ange and p e en s
i i a ion.
3
S abili y Tes ing
S o e a di e en condi ions ( oom
empe a u e, 40°C, and sunligh ) o a
ixed du a ion.
To check o changes in colo , odo , o
phase sepa a ion indica ing ins abili y.
4
Vola ili y Tes
Samples kep in open con aine s;
e apo a ion a e moni o ed o e ime.
To de e mine ag ance longe i y and
ixa i e e iciency.
5
I i a ion Tes (Pa ch
Tes )
Apply a small amoun on he o ea m and
obse e o 24–48 hou s.
To assess skin compa ibili y and de ec
i i a ion o sensi iza ion.
6
Colo and
Appea ance
Visual inspec ion unde dayligh .
To ensu e uni o mi y, cla i y, and
absence o pa icula e ma e .
7
Viscosi y
Measu emen
Using a B ook ield iscome e a 25°C.
To ensu e uni o m consis ency and ease
o applica ion.
8
Mic obial S abili y
Tes
To al iable coun o sp ead pla e me hod.
To ensu e p oduc is ee om
mic obial con amina ion and sa e o
use.
9
Compa ibili y wi h
Packaging
S o e o mula ion in inal packaging o 1–
3 mon hs.
To e i y no in e ac ion o leaching
be ween p oduc and con aine
ma e ials.
10
Re en ion S udy
(Longe i y Tes )
E alua e ag ance in ensi y o e 6–8
hou s pos -applica ion.
To de e mine ag ance pe sis ence and
las ing e ec on skin o ab ic.
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3. Resul s
The a oma ic lo al scen de i ed om he oils o jasmine and min e ealed o be an ag eeable, esh scen wi h a
balanced and pleasan a oma. The odo assessmen om he panel membe s deno es ha he combina ion o swee
lo al no es o jasmine and cooling eshness o min oge he submi an ag eeable and calming scen . The inal pH o
he o mula ion ell in he skin compa ible ange (−6.2), indica ing sui abili y o opical/cosme ic use. Fo s abili y
conside a ion, he e we e no es imable changes in colo , cla i y, o odo a e a pe iod o obse a ion, which an
indica ion o good physical and chemical s abili y. The ola ili y es indica ed a mode a e e apo a ion a e, indica ing
he unc ioning o he glyce in as a ixa i e o enhance he longe i y o a oma. The i i a ion (pa ch es ) did no show
any signs o edness, i chiness, o i i a ion indica ing ha he o mula ion is sa e o he skin. O e all, he esul s
indica ed ha he lo al scen o mula ion was s able, no i i a ion, and pleasan a oma wi h he capaci y o making
pe umes, c eams, lo ions, soaps and cosme ic p oduc s e c.
4. Discussion
The o mula ion o a lo al ag ance using jasmine and min essen ial oils aimed o combine na u al a oma ic p ope ies
wi h s abili y, sa e y, and aes he ic appeal. The success ul blending o hese essen ial oils in e hanol, wi h glyce in as a
ixa i e, demons a ed an e ec i e and economical app oach o ag ance p epa a ion. The use o e hanol as a sol en
ensu ed uni o m dispe sion o oils and a quick-d ying e ec upon applica ion, which is desi able in pe umes and
cosme ic p oduc s. Glyce in, being a hyg oscopic compound, e ec i ely educed he ola ili y o he essen ial oils,
he eby enhancing he e en ion and pe sis ence o a oma o e ime.The odo e alua ion by senso y analysis e ealed
a ha monious balance be ween he lo al swee ness o jasmine and he esh, cooling sensa ion o min . This balance
p o ided a pleasan and soo hing ag ance p o ile, which aligns well wi h consume p e e ences o na u al and
e eshing scen s in cosme ic and oile y p oduc s. The pH measu emen con i med ha he o mula ion was wi hin
he skin-compa ible ange (a ound pH 6), indica ing ha i would no cause i i a ion o discom o hen applied
opically
5. Conclusion
The p esen s udy success ully demons a ed he o mula ion o a na u al lo al ag ance using jasmine and min
essen ial oils wi h e hanol as a sol en and glyce in as a ixa i e. The de eloped ag ance exhibi ed a pleasan ,
e eshing, and long-las ing a oma, e lec ing a balanced combina ion o lo al and he bal no es. E alua ion pa ame e s
such as pH, odo s abili y, ola ili y, and i i a ion es ing con i med ha he o mula ion was s able, skin- iendly, and
sa e o cosme ic use. The esul s indica ed ha glyce in e ec i ely enhanced he ixa ion and longe i y o he ag ance,
while e hanol ensu ed uni o m mixing and quick e apo a ion on applica ion. O e all, he s udy concludes ha a simple,
cos -e ec i e, and na u ally de i ed ag ance o mula ion can se e as a iable al e na i e o syn he ic pe umes,
sui able o inco po a ion in o cosme ic, oile y, and a oma he apy p oduc s.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Acknowledgmen s
The au ho exp esses his since e g a i ude o he Depa men o Pha maceu ics, Sama h Ins i u e o Pha macy, o
p o iding he necessa y labo a o y acili ies and ma e ials o accomplish his esea ch wo k. Special hanks o Ms.P achi
Nandkuma Padwal , Depa men o Quali y Assu ance, o he aluable guidance, mo i a ion and con inuous suppo
du ing he p ojec .
I am e y g a e ul o acul y membe s and labo a o y assis an s o he Depa men o Pha macognosy o hei help
du ing he bal ex ac ion and o mula ion s udies.
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
No con lic o in e es o be disclosed.
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