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Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109
h ps://doi.o g/10.5852/ej .2025.1025.3101
eu opeanjou nalo axonomy.eu
ISSN 2118-9773
2025 · Cons an J. & Pham H.T.
This wo k is licensed unde a C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (CC BY 4.0)
Recei ed: 10 Ma ch 2025 • Accep ed: 26 Augus 2025 • Published: 6 No embe 2025
Topic edi o : Tony Robilla d • Sec ion edi o : Ch is ophe Die ich • Desk edi o : E a-Ma ia Le e mann
Monog aph
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:pub:CE878E69-7345-43E7-AB8F-1B99FC89F710
Issid plan hoppe s om Bach Ma and Phong Dien in Cen al Vie nam.
(III) T ibe Sa imini (Hemip e a: Fulgo omo pha: Issidae)
Jé ôme CONSTANT 1,* & Hong Thai PHAM 2,*
1 Royal Belgian Ins i u e o Na u al Sciences, O.D. Phylogeny and Taxonomy, En omology,
Vau ie s ee 29, B-1000 B ussels, Belgium.
2 Mien ung Ins i u e o Scien i ic Resea ch, Vie nam Na ional Museum o Na u e,
Vie nam Academy o Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Vie S ee , Hanoi, Vie nam.
2 G adua e School o Science and Technology, Vie nam Academsy o Science and Technology,
Hanoi, Vie nam.
* Co esponding au ho s: [email p o ec ed]; [email p o ec ed]
Abs ac . Six een species o Issidae (Hemip e a: Fulgo omo pha) belonging o he ibe Sa imini we e
collec ed in ecen yea s in Bach Ma Na ional Pa k and Phong Dien Dis ic in Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince
in Cen al Vie nam. Among hese, ou een a e new o science, and i e new gene a we e ecognized.
Th ee species belong o he new genus Bachma ima gen. no ., e ec ed o he new species Bachma ima
expansa gen. e sp. no . ( ype species) om Bach Ma and Phong Dien, B. ec a gen. e sp. no . om
Bach Ma, Phong Dien, and Da K ong Na u e Rese e (Quang T i P o ince), and B. alida gen. e sp. no .
om Bach Ma, Phong Dien, and Da K ong Na u e Rese e (Quang T i P o ince); h ee species belong o
he new genus Caimocus gen. no ., e ec ed o he new species Caimocus elephas gen. e sp. no . ( ype
species) om Bach Ma, and Hoang Hoa (Quang T i P o ince), C. obus us gen. e sp. no . om Bach
Ma, and C. sinua us gen. e sp. no . om Bach Ma; one species belongs o he new genus Ci e issus
gen. no ., e ec ed o he new species Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no . ( ype species) om Bach
Ma; one species belongs o he new genus Lobosa ima gen. no ., e ec ed o he new species Lobosa ima
loba a gen. e sp. no . ( ype species) om om Bach Ma, Phong Dien, and Ba Na-Nui Chua Na u e
Rese e (Da Nang P o ince); one species belongs o he new genus Re i ima gen. no ., e ec ed o he
new species Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no . ( ype species) om Bach Ma. The genus Eusa ima Yang,
1994 is eco ded om Vie nam o he i s ime, wi h h ee new species: Eusa ima bachmana sp. no .
om Bach Ma, E. boe ei sp. no . om Bach Ma and Eusa ima bou goini sp. no . om Bach Ma,
Phong Dien, and Ba Na-Nui Chua Na u e Rese e (Da Nang P o ince). The dis ibu ion o he genus
Longieusa ima Wang, Bou goin & Zhang, 2017 is g ea ly expanded o he sou h wi h one new species
Longieusa ima bachmana sp. no . om Bach Ma. The genus Mic osa imodes Chang & Chen, 2019 is
eco ded om Vie nam o he i s ime, wi h one new species: Mic osa imodes backeljaui sp. no . om
Bach Ma. The di e si y o he amily Issidae and ibe Sa imini in Vie nam, and he delimi a ion o he
species and gene a o Sa imini, a e b ie ly discussed. These ou een species add o he eigh species o
he ibe Hemisphae iini and o he eigh species o he ibe Pa ahi aciini p e iously eco ded / desc ibed
om Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, which now coun s 30 desc ibed species o Issidae. The Vie namese
auna now coun s 84 species in 42 gene a in his amily.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
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Keywo ds. Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, biodi e si y, Fulgo oidea, Indochina, Phong Dien Dis ic .
Cons an J. & Pham H.T. 2025. Issid plan hoppe s om Bach Ma and Phong Dien in Cen al Vie nam.
(III) T ibe Sa imini (Hemip e a: Fulgo omo pha: Issidae). Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5852/ej .2025.1025.3101
In oduc ion
The amily Issidae Spinola, 1839 is a la ge amily o plan hoppe s (Hemip e a: Fulgo omo pha), which
cu en ly con ains mo e han 1100 species in abou 230 gene a (Bou goin 2025), ep esen ing abou 8%
o he species o Fulgo omo pha. Al hough i has a wo ldwide dis ibu ion, he auna o some majo
egions such as opical A ica, New Guinea and Aus alia, emain e y poo ly documen ed (Gnezdilo &
Fle che 2010; Gnezdilo 2013b; Gnezdilo e al. 2022; Cons an & Seme a o 2023).
We ha e added one new genus and se en new species o he ibe Pa ahi aciini Cheng & Yang, 1991
(Cons an & Pham 2024b) and one new genus and se en new species o Hemisphae iini Melicha , 1906
(Cons an & Pham 2025a) wi hin he wo i s pa s o he p esen s udy ea ing he co esponding
ibes om Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince in Cen al Vie nam, as well as one new genus and species o
Sa imini Wang, Zhang & Bou goin, 2016 and wo new species o Pa ahi aciini (Cons an & Pham 2025b;
Cons an e al. 2025 ), o a comple e checklis o he Issidae auna o Vie nam ha we published ecen ly
(Cons an & Pham 2024a). Hence, he Issidae auna o Vie nam now coun s in o al 68 species in 35
gene a. The Vie namese issid plan hoppe s show a high le el o endemism, wi h he la ge majo i y o
he species ound only in his coun y.
Wi hin he Issidae, he ibe Sa imini Wang, Zhang & Bou goin, 2016 coun s 31 gene a and abou
140 species wo ldwide (Bou goin 2025; Cons an & Pham 2025b), and eigh species in se en gene a in
Vie nam (Cons an & Pham 2024a, 2025b). Howe e , he eco d o one genus and species in his coun y,
Sa ima illiba a Melicha , 1903, emains doub ul, as he species was o iginally desc ibed om S i Lanka,
and i s iden i ica ion was no based on he s udy o male geni alia (Melicha 1903; Pham & Ta 2009;
Cons an & Pham 2024a). We unde lined he ob ious need o mo e esea ch, as ⅔ o he p o inces
in he coun y emain undocumen ed in e ms o Issidae (Cons an & Pham 2024a). Fu he mo e, he
assessmen o he ac ual endemism is impeded by he poo knowledge o he auna o he neighbou ing
coun ies. Indeed, he auna o Laos is cu en ly comp ised o only six species (Gnezdilo 2014; Cons an
2021; Bou goin 2025) and ha o Cambodia o ou species (Cons an & Ba le 2019; Cons an & Pham
2025b).
Ou s udy o ecen ma e ial o Issidae collec ed du ing ieldwo k in Bach Ma Na ional Pa k and Phong
Dien Dis ic in Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince in Cen al Vie nam, e ealed a o al o six een species
belonging o he ibe Sa imini. Fou een o hem we e ound o be new o science, wi h nine species
ep esen ing i e new gene a. Two species a e only known om emale specimens, one in he genus
Te ica S ål, 1866 and one belonging o a p obably new genus. So a , six een species o Issidae, eigh in
he ibe Pa ahi aciini and eigh in he ibe Hemisphae iini, we e eco ded om his p o ince as a esul
om he same collec ing e o (Cons an & Pham 2024b, 2025a).
The p esen pape aims o desc ibe i e new gene a and ou een new species in he ibe Sa imini; i is
he hi d and las pa o a s udy o he Issidae om Bach Ma Na ional Pa k and Phong Dien Dis ic ,
he i s pa dealing wi h he Pa ahi aciini (Cons an & Pham 2024b), and he second pa wi h he
Hemisphae iini (Cons an & Pham 2025a), espec i ely.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
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Ma e ial and me hods
The specimens we e cap u ed by hand using small anspa en ials wi h which hey we e slowly co e ed
o by sweeping he lowe ege a ion, bushes and lowe b anches o ees in he o es , along ails, o
along he oad.
The pho og aphs o habi a s and li e specimens we e aken wi h an Olympus Tough 6 came a; some
specimens we e placed in a ine mesh cage when necessa y bu in his case, i is men ioned in he cap ion.
The collec ion specimens we e pho og aphed wi h a Leica EZ4W s e eo mic oscope wi h in eg a ed
came a, and he images we e s acked wi h CombineZ so wa e and op imized wi h Adobe Pho oshop
CS3; all pho og aphs we e aken by JC. The dis ibu ion maps we e p oduced wi h SimpleMapp
(Sho house 2010). The geni alia we e ex ac ed a e soaking he abdomen in a 10% solu ion o
po assium hyd oxide (KOH) a oom empe a u e o abou 12 hou s. Some d ops o sa u a ed alcoholic
Chlo azol black solu ion we e added o con as ing when necessa y (Ca ayon 1969). The pygo e was
sepa a ed om he abdomen and he aedeagus dissec ed wi h a needle blade o examina ion. The whole
was ho oughly insed in 70% e hanol, hen placed in glyce ine o p ese a ion in a ube a ached o
he pin o he co esponding specimen. The hind wings we e glued wi h whi e glue on a small whi e
ca dboa d ec angle a ached o he pin o he co esponding specimen.
The ex e nal mo phological e minology ollows O’B ien & Wilson (1985) and o he e minalia,
Bou goin & Huang (1990), Gnezdilo (2003) and Gnezdilo e al. (2014b). The me a ibio a sal o mula
gi es he numbe o spines on (side o me a ibia) apex o me a ibia / apex o i s me a a sus / apex o
second me a a sus. The e minology o he wing ena ion ollows Bou goin e al. (2015). The highe
classi ica ion ollows he mos ecen one as published by Gnezdilo e al. (2022).
The p ecise map o he collec ing spo s in Bach Ma Na ional Pa k and he habi a s pho og aphs e e ed
o in he biology sec ions a e a ailable om he second pa o his s udy on Issidae, dealing wi h he
ibe Hemisphae iini (Cons an & Pham 2025a).
Ins i u ional abb e ia ions
RBINS = Royal Belgian Ins i u e o Na u al Sciences, B ussels, Belgium.
VNMN = Vie nam Na ional Museum o Na u e, Hanoi, Vie nam.
Abb e ia ions o measu emen s
The measu emen s we e aken as in Cons an (2004) and he ollowing abb e ia ions a e used:
BB = maximum b ead h o he body
BF = maximum b ead h o he ons
BTg = maximum b ead h o he egmen
BV = maximum b ead h o he e ex
BW = maximum b ead h o he hind wing
LF = leng h o he ons in median line
LT = o al leng h (apex o head o apex o egmina)
LTg = maximum leng h o he egmen
LV = leng h o he e ex in median line
LW = maximum leng h o he hind wing
Abb e ia ions o male e minalia
ae = aedeagus
An = anal ube
bl = basal lobe o he pe iand ium
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
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ca = capi ulum o he gonos ylus
co = connec i e o he aedeagus
dl = do sal lobe o he pe iand ium
dsp = do sal spinose p ocess o he pe iand ium
G = gonos ylus
ldp = la e odo sal p ocess o he pe iand ium
l l = lamina o he en al lobe
l p = la e o en al p ocess o he aedeagus
Py = pygo e
e = ec iduc us o he aedeagus
l = en al lobe o he pe iand ium
Resul s
Taxonomy
Class Insec a Linnaeus, 1758
O de Hemip e a Linnaeus, 1758
Subo de Aucheno hyncha Dumé il, 1806
In ao de Fulgo omo pha E ans, 1946
Supe amily Fulgo oidea La eille, 1807
Family Issidae Spinola, 1839
Sub amily Issinae Spinola, 1839
T ibe Sa imini Wang, Zhang & Bou goin, 2016
Type genus
Sa ima Melicha , 1903.
Diagnosis
The ibe Sa imini was de ined by Wang e al. (2016) based on a combina ion o cha ac e s o he hind
wings: h ee lobed, wi h Pcu-A1 lobe mo e o less as wide as ScP-R-MP-Cu lobe, and Pcu single o
b anched; Pcu and A1 anas omosing on a sho o longe dis ance; A2 non b anched.
Checklis o he Sa imini o Vie nam
Bachma ima expansa gen. e sp. no .
Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no .
Bachma ima alida gen. e sp. no .
Caimocus elephas gen. e sp. no .
Caimocus obus us gen. e sp. no .
Caimocus sinua us gen. e sp. no .
Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no .
Dac ylissus a milla ius Gnezdilo & Soulie -Pe kins, 2014
Da wallia ba ba a Gnezdilo & Bou goin, 2014
Eusa ima bachmana sp. no .
Eusa ima boe ei sp. no .
Eusa ima bou goini sp. no .
Keosa ima konkakinha Cons an & Pham, 2025
Lobosa ima loba a gen. e sp. no .
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
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Longieusa ima bachmana sp. no .
Longieusa ima lunulia Wang, Bou goin & Zhang, 2017
Mic osa imodes backeljaui sp. no .
Pa allelissus uscus Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020
Pseudoco uncanius nig i ons Gnezdilo , 2022
Pseudoco uncanius obliquus Cons an & Pham, 2024
Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no .
Sa ima illiba a Melicha , 1903 (doub ul eco d, see Cons an & Pham 2024a: 80)
Key o he gene a o Sa imini Wang, Zhang & Bou goin, 2016 o Vie nam
1. Vein ScP o he egmen a he sho , no ex ending beyond midleng h o egmen (Fig. 2A) ........... 2
– Vein ScP o he egmen long, ex ending well beyond midleng h o egmen (Fig. 14A) .................. 4
2. Tegmina s ongly elonga e, a leas 2.5 × as long as wide (Fig. 41A, C); e ex a he elonga e, abou
as long in midline, as wide (Fig. 41A) ...................Longieusa ima Wang, Bou goin & Zhang, 2017
– Tegmina mode a ely elonga e, a mos 2.3 × as long as wide (Figs 2A, 14A); e ex s ongly
ans e se, a leas wice as wide as long in midline (Fig. 1A) ........................................................ 3
3. Median ca ina on he ons comple e, ex ending om he do sal ma gin o he on oclypeal su u e
(Fig. 1E); anal ube mo e elonga e, abou 2.8 × as long as wide in do sal iew (Fig. 3C); capi ulum
o he gonos yli s ongly elonga e (Fig. 3A–B, D) ........................................ Bachma ima gen. no .
– Median ca ina on he ons incomple e, no eaching o he on oclypeal su u e (Gnezdilo
e al. 2014: igs 11, 28, 31); anal ube less elonga e, abou 2.5 × as long as wide in do sal iew
(Gnezdilo e al. 2014: ig. 21); capi ulum o he gonos yli a he sho (Gnezdilo e al. 2014:
ig. 18) ...............................................................................Dac ylissus Gnezdilo & Bou goin, 2014
4. Ve ex elonga e, a leas as long in midline, as b oad (Fig. 23A; Gnezdilo e al. 2014: ig. 3) ...... 5
– Ve ex ans e se, a leas 1.5 × as wide as long in midline (Fig. 28A) ........................................... 6
5. Head s ongly p ojec ing an e io ly in a poin ed p ocess (Fig. 23A); ons abou as long in midline,
as wide, wi hou median and pe idiscal ca inae (Fig. 23E); egmina elonga e, abou 2.4 × as long as
wide (Fig. 24A) ................................................................................................... Ci e issus gen. no .
– Head no p ojec ing an e io ly in a poin ed p ocess (Gnezdilo e al. 2014: ig. 3); ons abou 1.5 ×
as long in midline, as wide, wi h a dis inc median ca ina (Gnezdilo e al. 2014: ig. 4); egmina
mode a ely elonga e, abou 2.0 × as long as wide (Gnezdilo e al. 2014: ig. 6) .............................
..................................................................................................................Da wallia Gnezdilo , 2010
6. Median ca ina o ons incomple e, limi ed o uppe hal (Fig. 46E; Cons an & Pham 2024a:
ig. 35d) ............................................................................................................................................. 7
– Median ca ina o ons comple e, eaching o on oclypeal su u e (Fig. 13E) ................................ 9
7. F ons dis inc ly an e se, abou 1.5 × a wide a long in midline (Cons an & Pham 2024a: ig. 35d);
egmina elonga e, a leas 2.5 × as long as wide (Cons an & Pham 2024a: ig. 35a, c) ....................
.................................................................................. Pseudoco uncanius Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020
– F ons a he na ow, abou 1.1 × a wide a long in midline (Fig. 45E); egmina mode a ely elonga e,
abou 2.3 × as long as wide (Fig. 45A, C) ........................................................................................ 8
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
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8. Ve ex mode a ely an e se, a mos 1.7 × as wide as long in midline (Fig. 45A); gonos yli wi h a
massi e, sub iangula capi ulum wi hou dis inc neck (Fig. 46B) ...................................................
................................................................................................Mic osa imodes Chang & Chen, 2019
– Ve ex dis inc ly an e se, abou 2.0 × as wide as long in midline (Cons an & Pham 2024a:
ig. 33a); gonos yli wi h a dis inc ly elonga e capi ulum wi h dis inc neck (Cons an & Pham 2024a:
ig. 34a) ................................................................................Pa allelissus Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020
9. Median ca ina o e ex comple e, ex ending a leas along basal po ion o he clypeus (Fig. 37B,
E) ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
– Median ca ina o e ex comple e, bu no supassing on oclypeal su u e (Fig. 13B, E) ..............11
10. Tegmina wi h dis inc epipleu on (Cons an & Pham 2025b: ig. 2b); anal ube o male s ongly
elonga e, a leas 3.0 × as long as wide in do sal iew (Cons an & Pham 2025b: ig. 3c); la e odo sal
p ocess o he pe iand ium bea ing an apical hook di ec ed do sad, and an elonga e sha di ec ed
cephalad (Cons an & Pham 2025b: ig. 4a–d) ........................................ Keosa ima Cons an , 2025
– Tegmina wi hou epipleu on (Fig. 38B); anal ube o male subquad a e, abou 2.2 × as long as wide
in do sal iew (Fig. 39D); pe iand ium wi hou la e odo sal p ocess (Fig. 40A–D) .........................
.......................................................................................................................... Lobosa ima gen. no .
11. Tegmina wi h na ow bu dis inc epipleu on and wi h dense ne wo k o pale c oss- eins (Fig. 50A–
B); pe iand ium wi h a pai o s ong la e odo sal p ocesses a ising in p oximal po ion o he do sal
lobe (Fig. 52E–F), and he apex o he do sal lobe dis inc ly acumina e (Fig. 52B) ..........................
................................................................................................................................Re i ima gen. no .
– Tegmina wi hou dis inc epipleu on and wi hou dense ne wo k o pale c oss- eins (Fig. 14A–B);
pe iand ium wi hou a pai o s ong la e odo sal p ocesses a ising in p oximal po ion o he do sal
lobe, and he apex o he do sal lobe ounded (Fig. 16A–C) .......................................................... 12
12. La e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus wi h a pos e io hook (Fig. 16F); anal ube in do sal iew
obo al, widening owa ds he pos e io (Fig. 15D); an e odo sal ma gin o he gonos yli conca e
(Fig. 15A) ........................................................................................................... Caimocus gen. no .
– La e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus wi hou a pos e io hook (Fig. 30H); anal ube in do sal iew
elonga e and mo e o less pa allel-sided (Fig. 29D); an e odo sal ma gin o he gonos yli di inc ly
ounded (Fig. 29A) ..........................................................................................Eusa ima Yang, 1994
Rema k
The genus Sa ima Melicha , 1903 was excluded om he key un il i s p esence in Vie nam can be
con i med.
Genus Bachma ima gen. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :3024D107-2683-4A52-A534-5115F7FD7004
Type species
Bachma ima expansa gen. e sp. no . by p esen designa ion.
Diagnosis
The genus Bachma ima gen. no . can be di e en ia ed om he o he gene a o Sa imini by he ollowing
combina ion o cha ac e s: (1) he e ex mo e han wice as wide as long in do sal iew; (2) he ons
wi h comple e median ca ina and obsole e pe idiscal ca inae, weakly dis inc only in do sal po ion o
ons; (3) he egmina elonga e, abou 2.2 × as long as wide, wi h dis inc la e al hump sligh ly be o e
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
7
basal ⅓ hiding cos al ma gin in do sal aspec , and wi h a he na ow bu dis inc epipleu on; (4) he
ein ScP o he egmen a he sho , cu ed and no ex ending beyond midleng h o egmen; (5) he
i s o k o MP and he i s o k o CuA a abou he same le el, sligh ly beyond hal leng h o egmen;
(6) he anal ube elonga e, do so en ally la ened, and sublanceola e, a he na ow in do sal iew;
(7) he massi e gonos yli, wi h capi ulum elonga e, s ongly p ojec ing do sad and wi h poo ly dis inc
neck, and wi h an e odo sal ma gin dis inc ly ounded; (8) he aedeagus wi h a single pai o elonga e,
subapical, la e o en al p ocesses, and wi h he do sal lobe o he pe iand ium expanded la e o en ally
in basal po ion.
Di e en ial diagnosis
The mos simila gene a a e Dac ylissus Gnezdilo & Bou goin, 2014, Neosa ima Yang, 1994,
Sa imissus Wang, Zhang & Bou goin, 2019, Sa imi es Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020, Sinesa ima Yang, 1994
and Yangissus Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014. Howe e , Bachma ima gen. no . can be sepa a ed om all
o hese gene a by showing a comple e median ca ina on he ons, ex ending om he do sal ma gin o
he on oclypeal su u e, while i does no each he la e in he o he gene a.
Addi ionally, Bachma ima gen. no . can be sepa a ed (1) om Dac ylissus (see illus a ions in Gnezdilo
e al. 2014a: igs 18–21) by he mo e elonga e anal ube, abou 2.8 × as long as wide in do sal iew
(2.5 × in Dac ylissus) and he s ongly elonga e capi ulum o he gonos yli ( a he sho in Dac ylissus);
(2) om Neosa ima (see illus a ions in Chan & Yang 1994: igs 43–44) by he less elonga e egmina,
abou 2.2 × as long as wide (2.5 × in Neosa ima), he mo e elonga e anal ube, abou 2.8 × as long as
wide in do sal iew (2.5 × in Neosa ima) and he s ongly elonga e capi ulum o he gonos yli ( a he
sho in Neosa ima); (3) om Sa imissus (see illus a ions in Wang e al. 2019: igs 1–11) by he ons
nea ly 1.2 × as wide as long in midline (1.0 ime in Sa imissus), he ein ScP+RA o egmen a he sho ,
cu ed owa ds RP (longe and subpa allel o RP in Sa imissus) and he capi ulum o he gonos yli in
la e al iew ape ing owa ds poin ed apex (pa allel-sided wi h ounded apex in Sa imissus); (4) om
Sa imi es (see illus a ions in Zhang e al. 2020: igs 173–174) by he s ongly elonga e capi ulum o he
gonos yli (sho in Sa imi es) and by he la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus a ising subapically (in
middle po ion o aedaegus in Sa imi es); (5) om Sinesa ima (see illus a ions in Chan & Yang 1994:
igs 40–42) by he less elonga e egmina, abou 2.2 × as long as wide (2.5 × in Sinesa ima), he mo e
ans e se e ex, abou 2.2 × as wide as long in midline (1.7 × in Sinesa ima), by he s ongly elonga e
capi ulum o he gonos yli (sho and somewha olia e in Sinesa ima) and by he la e o en al p ocesses
o he aedeagus a ising subapically (in middle po ion o aedaegus in Sinesa ima); (6) om Yangissus
(see illus a ions in Chen e al. 2014: igs 2–82) by he less elonga e egmina, abou 2.2 × as long as
wide (2.9 × in Yangissus), he mo e elonga e anal ube, abou 2.8 × as long as wide in do sal iew (2.4 ×
in Yangissus), he s ongly elonga e capi ulum o he gonos yli (sho in Yangissus) and he pe iand ium
wi hou p ocesses (do sal lobe o pe iand ium wi h elabo a e p ocesses in Yangissus).
E ymology
The genus name is o med by he combina ion o ‘Bach Ma’, he na ional pa k whe e he genus was i s
disco e ed, and ‘Sa ima’, he ype genus o he ibe Sa imini. Gende eminine.
Desc ip ion
Medium sized (a ound 5.0–6.0 mm), e y con ex, mode a ely elonga e, a he obus -bodied.
C
olou
. Mos ly b own wi h pale ma kings on ons, o en wi h symme ical, zigzaged ma kings o
whi e wax on egmina.
H
ead
. Ve ex dis inc ly b oade han long in midline (abou 2.2 ×), weakly conca e wi h obsole e median
ca ina; an e io ma gin o ming a widely ob use angle, pos e io one a he deeply conca e; all ma gins
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
8
mode a ely ca ina e. F ons weakly con ex, na owly isible om abo e, nea ly 1.2 × as wide as long in
midline, smoo h wi h dis inc comple e median ca ina, and obsole e pe idiscal ca ina ma ked by pale
colou ; maximum b ead h sligh ly unde le el o an ennae; do sal ma gin weakly conca e. An e o en al
angle o genae sligh ly p ojec ing an e iad. Ocelli p esen , unde eye. Clypeus iangula , con ex, smoo h,
no keeled o ca ina e. Labium wi h las segmen longe han b oad, sho e han penul ima e. An ennae
wi h scape sho , ing-shaped, and bulbous pedicel.
THo ax. P ono um sub iangula , p ojec ing an e io ly in a blun s aigh angle, abou ⅔ as long in
midline, as mesono um; smoo h wi h an e io ma gin ca ina e and pai o imp essed poin s on each side
o pale median line; la e al ields e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al lobes wi hou ube cles / ca inae,
and wi h pos e o en al angle ounded. Mesono um sub iangula wi h pos e ola e al ma gins sligh ly
incu ed, smoo h, weakly con ex wi h shallow dep ession be o e scu ellum; incomple e, a he dis inc ,
subla e al ca inae.
Tegmina. Dis inc ly con ex, elonga e, abou 2.2 × as long as wide, wi h longi udinal eins ele a ed;
cos al ma gin o ming a b oadly ounded angle a basal
4
/
5
; apical ma gin ounded; dis inc la e al hump
including ein ScP+RA sligh ly be o e basal ⅓, hiding cos al ma gin in do sal aspec ; cos al ma gin
hidden by ein RP in dis al
2
/
5
, in do sal iew; a he na ow bu dis inc epipleu on; cla us closed,
eaching 4/5 o egmen leng h. Vena ion: ScP+R a he sho ; ScP+RA a he sho , cu ed owa ds RP
bu no used, and no ex ending beyond midleng h o egmen; RP un o ked, long and sinua e; i s o k
o MP a ound midleng h o egmen, MP1 wi h h ee e minales; i s o k o CuA a abou same le el,
sligh ly beyond hal leng h o egmen; Pcu and A1 used a abou ⅔ o cla us leng h, Pcu+A1 eaching
apex o cla us; c oss- eins mo e nume ous and mo e s ongly ma ked along cos al ma gin and in dis al
hal o egmen.
H
ind
wings
. Well de eloped, wi h h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h; mos ly
b own. Vena ion: ScP+R and CuA u ca e; MP simple, sinua e; second b anch o CuA used dis ally wi h
CuP; Pcu and A1 used on basal hal , Pcu un o ked and A2 simple; one ans e se ein be ween second
b anch o ScP+R and MP, and be ween MP and i s b anch o CuA.
legs. Mode a ely elonga e and slende , wi h p o- and meso emo a and p o- and meso ibiae sligh ly
la ened do so en ally, ibiae mo e slende han co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o-
and meso emo a wi h ow o minu e ee h in dis al po ion; p o- and meso a si a he elonga e. Me a ibiae
wi h wo la e al spines in dis al hal and se en apical spines. Me a a si a he sho wi h i s segmen
abou as long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and
7 in e media e spines a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 7 / 9 / 2.
Male e minalia
Pygo e sho , abou 2.4 × as high as long a midheigh in la e al iew, wi h pos e io ma gin b oadly
ounded in la e al iew; in caudal iew subo al, 1.3 × as high as wide. Gonos yli massi e, mode a ely
con ex, wi h pos e io ma gin oundly p ojec ing caudad in la e al iew, and an e odo sal ma gin
dis inc ly ounded; capi ulum elonga e, s ongly p ojec ing do sad and wi h poo ly dis inc neck, cu ed
an e odo sad and e enly ape ing owa ds apex in la e al iew, wi h basila e al lamina e p ocess di ec ed
la e o en ad in caudal iew. Anal ube elonga e, do so en ally la ened, and sublanceola e, a he
na ow, abou 2.8 × as long as wide in do sal iew and wi h anal opening in basal ¼; in la e al iew,
weakly downcu ed. Aedeagus symme ical, cu ed pos e odo sad in la e al iew. Ven al lobe o
pe iand ium lamina e, spa ula e. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium wide, ab up ly ape ing in dis al po ion
owa ds mo e o less unca e apex, and expanded la e o en ally in basal po ion, o ming lamina
some imes mo e o less co e ing dis al po ion o la e o en al p ocesses o aedeagus; la e odo sal
p ocesses o pe iand ium a ising en ally om basal po ion o do sal lobe, poin ed and cu ed owa ds
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
9
he pos e io and wi h la e al oo h. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o) su passing do sal and en al lobes o
pe iand ium, bi id, and wi h obus la e o en al p ocess a ising subapically and cu ed en ocephalad.
Connec i e well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, egula ly cu ed in la e al iew, ec iduc us well
de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and wide an e io o amen.
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế and Quang T i p o inces.
Species included
Bachma ima expansa gen. e sp. no .
Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no .
Bachma ima alida gen. e sp. no .
Bachma ima expansa gen. e sp. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :6636409E-B07E-492A-9FAF-C7BF5836C1EA
Figs 1–5
Diagnosis
Bachma ima expansa gen. e sp. no . can be ecognized by (1) he mode a ely elonga e la e o en al
p ocesses o he aedeagus, eaching midleng h o he aedeagus (l p – Figs 3E–L, 4D–F); (2) he do sal
lobe o he pe iand ium s ongly expanded in o a lamina la e o en ally and wi h la e al ma gins ounded
in basal po ion in do sal iew (dl – Figs 3E–L, 4A).
Di e en ial diagnosis
The new species is close o Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no . and Bachma ima alida gen. e sp. no .
bu B. ec a shows much longe la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus (l p – Fig. 8D–F), eaching nea
base o he aedeagus sensu s ic o (only eaching midleng h in B. expansa: l p – Fig. 4D–F), while in
B. alida, he p ocess eaches only he dis al ⅓ o aedeagus (l p – Fig. 12D–F).
E ymology
The species epi he ‘expansa’ is a La in adjec i e meaning ‘expanded’; i e e s o he do sal lobe o he
pe iand ium dis inc ly, oundly expanded la e o en ally in his species.
Type ma e ial
Holo ype
VIETNAM • ♂; Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E; 500–
600 m a.s.l.; 10–20 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; pheasan ail; VNMN.
Pa a ypes
VIETNAM – Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince • 4 ♂♂; same da a as o holo ype; VNMN • 8 ♂♂; same
da a as o holo ype; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 3 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E;
350–600 m a.s.l.; 18 Oc . 2024; J. Cons an , L. Seme a o and T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; pheasan ail; I.G.:
34.893; RBINS • 4 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; [16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E]; 289 m a.s.l.; 29 May
2023; pheasan ail; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; VNMN • 6 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, nea ange s a ion;
16°08′37″ N, 107°49′36″ E; 300–600 m a.s.l.; 18 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; I.G.:
34.640; RBINS • 5 ♂♂; same da a as o p eceding; VNMN • 5 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, Nam
Dong Dis ic , ange s a ion; 16°08′37″ N, 107°49′36″ E; 150–500 m a.s.l.; 19 Oc . 2024; J. Cons an ,
L. Seme a o and T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 4 ♂♂; same da a as o p eceding; VNMN
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
16
male Te minalia (Figs 3–4). Pygo e (Py – Fig. 3A–D) sho , abou 2.4 × as high as long a midheigh
in la e al iew, wi h pos e io ma gin b oadly ounded in la e al iew; in caudal iew subo al, 1.3 × as
high as wide; do sally ab up ly, deeply no ched. Gonos yli (G – Fig. 3A–D) massi e, mode a ely con ex,
wi h an e odo sal ma gin ounded, hen ab up ly sinua e a base o capi ulum; en al ma gin ounded;
pos e io ma gin oundly p ojec ing caudad in la e al iew and sinua e owa ds base o capi ulum;
capi ulum (ca – Fig. 3A–B, D) elonga e, digi i o m, s ongly p ojec ing do sad and wi h poo ly dis inc
neck, cu ed an e odo sad and e enly ape ing owa ds apex in la e al iew, in caudal iew sligh ly
di ec ed mesad and wi h basila e al lamina e p ocess di ec ed la e o en ad. Anal ube (An – Fig. 3A–D)
elonga e, do so en ally la ened, and sublanceola e, weakly g oo ed medially beyond anal opening (in
basal ¼), a he na ow, abou 2.8 × as long as wide in do sal iew; in la e al iew ab up ly na owing a
anal opening, hen weakly downcu ed. Aedeagus (ae – Figs 3E–L, 4) symme ical, cu ed pos e odo sad
in la e al iew. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium ( l – Figs 3G–I, K–L, 4A–C) lamina e, spa ula e wi h apical
ma gin ounded, sho e and much na owe han do sal lobe. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium (dl – Figs 3E–
L, 4A–C, G) s ongly expanded in o lamina la e o en ally, wi h sides ounded in do sal iew in p oximal
po ion, hen sinua ely, s ongly ape ing owa ds unca e apex, lamina co e ing dis al po ion o
la e o en al p ocesses o aedeagus; la e odo sal p ocesses o pe iand ium (ldp – Figs 3E–F, I, 4A–C, G)
poin ed and cu ed owa ds he pos e io and wi h la e al oo h. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o, ae – Figs 3E–L,
4D–F) su passing do sal and en al lobes o pe iand ium, bi id, each sha widening dis ally o obliquely
unca e apex; obus la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 3E–L, 4D–F) a ising subapically, weakly cu ed
en ocephalad and (in caudal iew) sligh ly sinua e, eaching o midleng h o aedeagus. Connec i e
(co – Fig. 3G) well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, egula ly cu ed in la e al iew, ec iduc us ( e –
Fig. 3G) well de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and wide an e io o amen.
Biology
Bachma ima expansa gen. e sp. no . was collec ed in he mon hs o Ma ch, May, Sep embe and
Oc obe a al i udes be ween 150 and 1325 m a.s.l., in mois e e g een opical o es . The specimens
we e si ing on small b anches and lea es, on lowe ege a ion, bushes and ees. In Bach Ma Na ional
Pa k, i was ound a he ollowing collec ing si e/habi a s (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a): “Yes Hue
Eco” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a(1), b), “pheasan ail” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(2), 3a),
“ oadside” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(4), 4a), “summi ” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(5), 4b)
and “ ange s a ion” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(6), 5a), and in Phong Dien dis ic (Cons an &
Pham 2025a: ig. 5b).
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k and Phong Dien Dis ic (Fig. 4H).
Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :1C982F02-EB8C-461F-98FE-6D55EB3E9C2C
Figs 6–9
Diagnosis
Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no . can be ecognized by (1) he s ongly elonga e la e o en al p ocesses
o he aedeagus, eaching nea base o he aedeagus (l p – Figs 7G–L, 8D–F); (2) he do sal lobe o
he pe iand ium s ongly expanded in o a lamina la e o en ally and wi h la e al ma gins mo e o less
s aigh in basal po ion in do sal iew (dl – Figs 7E–L, 8A).
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
17
Di e en ial diagnosis
The new species is close o Bachma ima expansa gen. e sp. no . bu he la e shows much sho e
la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus (l p – Fig. 4D–F), only eaching midleng h o he aedeagus s. s .
( eaching nea base o aedeagus in B. ec a: l p – Fig. 8D–F).
E ymology
The species epi he ‘ ec a’ is a La in adjec i e meaning ‘s aigh ’; i e e s o he do sal lobe o he
pe iand ium wi h sides s aigh , subpa allel in p oximal po ion in his species.
Type ma e ial
Holo ype
VIETNAM • ♂; Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, nea ange s a ion; 16°08′37″ N, 107°49′36″ E; 300–600 m
a.s.l.; 18 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; VNMN.
Pa a ypes
VIETNAM – Quang T i P o ince • 1 ♂; Da K ong Na u e Rese e; 16°37′ N, 106°47′ E; 5–10 Jul.
2011; J. Cons an and J. B esseel leg.; I.G.: 31.933; RBINS • 1 ♂; same da a as o p eceding; VNMN.
– Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince • 2 ♂♂; same da a as o holo ype; VNMN • 3 ♂♂; same da a as o
holo ype; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, Yes Hue Eco; 16°13′05″ N, 107°43′27″ E;
200–300 m a.s.l.; 17 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; same
da a as o p eceding; VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, Yes Hue Eco; 16°13′05″ N, 107°43′27″ E;
152 m a.s.l.; 1 Jun. 2023; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°12′ N, 107°52′E;
15–16 Jul. 2011; J. Cons an and J. B esseel leg.; summi ; day [ ime] collec ing; I.G.: 31.933; RBINS
• 1 ♂; Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°11′18″ N, 107°50′56″ E; 1300–1400 m
a.s.l.; 11–21 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; summi ; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; Bach Ma
Na ional Pa k; 30 May 2023; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; summi ail; ligh ap; VNMN • 1 ♂; same da a as o
p eceding; [by] ne ; VNMN • 6 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E; 500–600 m
a.s.l.; 10–20 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; pheasan ail; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 2 ♂♂;
same da a as o p eceding; VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E; 350–
600 m a.s.l.; 18 Oc . 2024; J. Cons an , L. Seme a o and T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; pheasan ail; I.G.: 34.893;
RBINS • 2 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; [16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E]; 289 m a.s.l.; 29 May 2023; T.T.H.
Nguyen leg.; pheasan ail; VNMN • 2 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°13′41.18″ N, 107°51′16.82″ E;
344 m a.s.l.; 15 Sep. 2024; Hoai leg.; pheasan ail, [by] ne ; AU00493 and AU00495; VNMN • 1 ♂;
Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, Do Quyen Wa e all; 16°11′28.83″ N, 107°50′54.94″ E; 1141 m a.s.l.; May
2023; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; [by] ne ; AU00659; VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°11′44″ N,
107°50′44″ E; 1200–1300 m a.s.l.; 22 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; oadside; I.G.:
34.640; RBINS • 6 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, Nam Dong Dis ic , ange s a ion; 16°08′37″ N,
107°49′36″ E; 150–500 m a.s.l.; 19 Oc . 2024; J. Cons an , L. Seme a o and T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; I.G.:
34.640; RBINS • 5 ♂♂; same da a as o p eceding; VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 600 m
a.s.l.; 8 May 2003; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 7 ♂♂; Phong Dien Dis ic ; 16°30′27″ N, 107°16′05″ E;
350–400 m a.s.l.; 23 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 7 ♂♂; same
da a as o p eceding; VNMN.
Desc ip ion
measu emenTs and aTios. LT: ♂ (n = 10): 5.6 mm (5.3–5.9); LT/BB = 1.97; LTg/BTg = 2.20; LW/BW =
1.19; BV/LV = 2.23; LF/BF = 0.86.
Head (Fig. 6A–E). Ve ex b own, o en wi h pale ma king on each side and a pos e io angles, and
obsole e median ca ina yellowish; 2.2 × as b oad as long in midline, sligh ly cons ic ed in middle; disc
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
18
Fig. 6. Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no ., dissec ed pa a ype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Habi us, do sal
iew. B. Habi us, en al iew. C. Habi us, la e al iew. D. Habi us, an e ola e al iew. E. Habi us,
pe pendicula iew o ons. F. Righ hind wing.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
19
Fig. 7. Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), e minalia. A–D. Pygo e , anal ube and
gonos yli. A. Le la e al iew. B. Pos e ola e al iew. C. Caudal iew. D. Do sal iew. E–L. Aedeagus.
E. Do sal iew. F. An e odo sal iew. G. Ven al iew. H. Le la e al iew. I. Pos e ola e al iew.
J. Pos e o en al iew. K. Le la e odo sal iew. L. Le la e o en al iew. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial
and me hods.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
20
Fig. 8. Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no . A–G. Pa a ype, ♂ (RBINS), aedeagus. A–C. Pe iand ium.
A. Do sal iew. B. Pos e o en al iew. C. Le la e al iew. D–F. Aedeagus s. s . D. Do sal iew.
E. Pos e o en al iew. F. Le la e al iew. G. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium, en al iew. H. Dis ibu ion
map. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
21
weakly conca e; an e io ma gin sligh ly, angula ly p ojec ing an e iad; pos e io ma gin a he deeply
conca e; all ma gins mode a ely ca ina e. F ons b own, weakly con ex, smoo h wi h dis inc , s ongly
cu ed yellow ma king on each side o comple e median ca ina, some imes mo e o less me ging oge he
on ca ina, and obsole e pe idiscal ca ina ma ked wi h yellowish (mos ly in do sal po ion o ons);
yellow ma king along on o-clypeal su u e, wide in middle, usually in e up ed by median ca ina.
Genae yellowish b own wi h an e o en al angle sligh ly p ojec ing an e iad. Clypeus iangula , con ex,
smoo h, no keeled o ca ina e; an eclypeus b own wi h sides yellowish; pos clypeus da ke b own.
Labium b own wi h las segmen longe han b oad, sho e han penul ima e. An ennae wi h scape sho ,
ing-shaped, yellowish, and pedicel bulbous, yellowish wi h basal ⅓ b own.
THo ax (Fig. 6A, C–E). P ono um b own wi h pale , yellowish median line, mo e isible in an e io
po ion; sub iangula , p ojec ing an e io ly; smoo h wi h an e io ma gin ca ina e and pai o imp essed
poin s on each side o midline; la e al ields e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al lobes b own, pale
yellowish unde eye and wi h black ma king along en al ma gin; pos e o en al angle ounded.
Mesono um b own, o en wi h ca inae and la e al angles ma ked wi h yellowish, smoo h, weakly con ex
wi h shallow dep ession be o e scu ellum some imes con aining obsole e median ca ina; subla e al
(pe idiscal) ca inae incomple e bu a he dis inc . Tegulae yellowish b own.
Tegmina (Figs 6a–d, 9). B own wi h main eins sligh ly da ke , ele a ed, and c oss- eins weakly
aised and da ke , o pale along cos al ma gin; o en wi h zigzaged ma king o whi e wax mo e o less
ollowing cla al join wi h pos e io b anch eaching MP ein, and ans e se ma king subapically;
dis inc ly con ex, and abou 2.2 × as long as wide, wi h dis inc la e al hump including ein ScP+RA
sligh ly be o e basal ⅓; a he na ow bu dis inc , yellowish epipleu on; cla us closed, eaching 4/5 o
egmen leng h. Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
Hind wings (Fig. 6F). Blackish b own; eins gene ally da ke han backg ound; well de eloped, wi h
h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h; inden a ion be ween ScP-R-MP-Cu and
Pcu-A1 lobes mode a ely deep. Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
legs (Fig. 6A–E). Yellowish b own, pale han egmina; dis al po ion o me a emo a and basal po ion
o me a ibiae da ke ; all spines o pos e io legs black apically. An e io and median legs sligh ly
la ened do so en ally, ibiae mo e slende han co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o-
and meso emo a wi h ow o minu e ee h in dis al po ion; p o- and meso a si a he elonga e. Me a ibiae
wi h wo la e al spines in dis al hal , and se en apical spines. Me a a si a he sho wi h i s segmen
abou as long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and
7 in e media e spines a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 7 / 9 / 2.
aBdomen (Fig. 6B). B own wi h median a ea da ke .
male Te minalia (Figs 7–8). Pygo e (Py – Fig. 7A–D) sho , abou 2.4 × as high as long a midheigh
in la e al iew, wi h pos e io ma gin b oadly ounded in la e al iew; in caudal iew subo al, 1.3 × as
high as wide; do sally ab up ly, deeply no ched. Gonos yli (G – Fig. 7A–D) massi e, mode a ely con ex,
wi h an e odo sal ma gin ounded, hen ab up ly sinua e a base o capi ulum; en al ma gin ounded;
pos e io ma gin oundly p ojec ing caudad in la e al iew and angula a base o capi ulum; capi ulum
(ca – Fig. 7A–B, D) elonga e, digi i o m, s ongly p ojec ing do sad and wi h poo ly dis inc neck,
cu ed an e odo sad and e enly ape ing owa ds apex in la e al iew, in caudal iew sligh ly di ec ed
mesad and wi h basila e al lamina e p ocess di ec ed la e o en ad. Anal ube (An – Fig. 7A–D) elonga e,
do so en ally la ened, and sublanceola e, weakly g oo ed medially beyond anal opening (in basal
¼), a he na ow, abou 2.8 × as long as wide in do sal iew; in la e al iew ab up ly na owing a anal
opening, hen weakly downcu ed. Aedeagus (ae – Figs 7E–L, 8) symme ical, cu ed pos e odo sad
in la e al iew. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium ( l – Figs 7G, I–J, L, 8A–C) lamina e, spa ula e wi h apical
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
22
ma gin sho ly no ched, sho e and much na owe han do sal lobe. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium (dl –
Figs 7E–L, 8A–C, G) s ongly expanded in o lamina la e o en ally, wi h sides s aigh , subpa allel in
do sal iew in p oximal po ion, hen sinua ely, s ongly ape ing owa ds pa allel-sided dis al po ion
and unca e apex, lamina pa ly co e ing la e o en al p ocesses o aedeagus; la e odo sal p ocesses
o pe iand ium (ldp – Figs 7E–F, H, K, 8A–C, G) poin ed and cu ed owa ds he pos e io and wi h
la e al oo h. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o, ae – Figs 7E–L, 8D–F) su passing do sal and en al lobes o
pe iand ium, bi id, each sha widening dis ally o obliquely unca e apex; obus , s ongly elonga e
la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 7E–L, 8D–F) a ising subapically, weakly cu ed en ocephalad and
(in en al iew) cu ed mesad in dis al po ion and eaching basal ¼ o aedeagus leng h. Connec i e
(co – Fig. 7G) well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, egula ly cu ed in la e al iew, ec iduc us ( e –
Fig. 7G) well de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and wide an e io o amen.
Fig. 9. Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no . A–D. Li e specimen in Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, pheasan ail,
18 Oc . 2024 (pho og aphed in cage).
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
23
Biology
Bachma ima ec a gen. e sp. no . was collec ed in he mon hs o May, June, July, Sep embe and
Oc obe a al i udes be ween 200 and 1400 m a.s.l., in mois e e g een opical o es . The specimens
we e si ing on small b anches and lea es, on lowe ege a ion, bushes and ees. In Bach Ma Na ional
Pa k, i was ound a he ollowing collec ing si e/habi a s (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a): “Yes Hue
Eco” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a(1), b), “pheasan ail” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(2), 3a),
“ oadside” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(4), 4a), “summi ” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(5), 4b)
and “ ange s a ion” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(6), 5a), and in Phong Dien dis ic (Cons an &
Pham 2025a: ig. 5b).
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k and Phong Dien Dis ic , and Quang T i
P o ince, Da K ong Na u e Rese e (Fig. 8H).
Bachma ima alida gen. e sp. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :244E01AB-E1A1-4D6B-99C4-6608446190D4
Figs 10–12
Diagnosis
Bachma ima alida gen. e sp. no . can be ecognized by (1) he sho , obus la e o en al p ocesses
o he aedeagus, eaching o dis al ⅓ o he aedeagus sensu s ic o (l p – Figs 11E–L, 12D–F); (2) he
do sal lobe o he pe iand ium s ongly expanded in o a lamina la e o en ally and wi h la e al ma gins
mode a ely ounded in basal po ion in do sal iew (dl – Figs 11E–L, 12A).
Di e en ial diagnosis
The new species is close o Bachma ima expansa gen. e sp. no . bu he la e shows much longe
la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus (l p – Fig. 4D–F), eaching midleng h o he aedeagus sensu
s ic o ( eaching only o dis al ⅓ o aedeagus in B. alida: l p – Fig. 12D–F).
E ymology
The species epi he ‘ alida’ is a La in adjec i e meaning ‘ obus ’; i e e s o he sho and obus
la e o en al p ocess o he aedeagus in his species.
Type ma e ial
Holo ype
VIETNAM • ♂; Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E; 500–
600 m a.s.l.; 10–20 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; pheasan ail; VNMN.
Pa a ypes
VIETNAM – Quang T i P o ince • 1 ♂; Da K ong Na u e Rese e; 16°37′ N, 106°47′E; 5–10 Jul. 2011;
J. Cons an and J. B esseel leg.; I.G.: 31.933; RBINS. – Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince • 1 ♂; same da a as
o holo ype; VNMN • 3 ♂♂; same da a as o holo ype; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional
Pa k; 16°12′ N, 107°52′ E; [1400 m a.s.l.]; 15–16 Jul. 2011; J. Cons an and J. B esseel leg.; summi ;
day [ ime] collec ing; I.G.: 31.933; RBINS • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, s ai s going up o Hai Vong
Dai; 16°11′53.77″ N, 107°51′26.92″ E; 1272 m a.s.l.; May 2023; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; by ne ; AU 00483;
VNMN • 1 ♂; same da a as p eceding; 16 Sep . 2024; AU00778; VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k,
nea ange s a ion; 16°08′37″ N, 107°49′36″ E; 300–600 m a.s.l.; 18 May 2023; J. Cons an and L.
Seme a o leg.; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; Nam Dong Dis ic , Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, ange s a ion;
16°08′37″ N, 107°49′36″ E; 150–500 m; 19 Oc . 2024; J. Cons an , L. Seme a o and T.T.H. Nguyen leg.;
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
24
Fig. 10. Bachma ima alida gen. e sp. no ., dissec ed holo ype, ♂ (VNMN). A. Habi us, do sal
iew. B. Habi us, en al iew. C. Habi us, la e al iew. D. Habi us, an e ola e al iew. E. Habi us,
pe pendicula iew o ons. F. Righ hind wing.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
25
VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, Yes Hue Eco; 16°13′05″ N, 107°43′27″ E; 152 m a.s.l.; 1 Jun.
2023; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; VNMN • 1 ♂; Phong Dien Dis ic ; 16°30′27″ N, 107°16′05″ E; 350–400 m
a.s.l.; 23 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; VNMN.
Desc ip ion
measu emenTs and aTios. LT: ♂ (n = 10): 5.6 mm (5.3–5.8); LT/BB = 1.88; LTg/BTg = 2.20; LW/BW =
1.18; BV/LV = 2.23; LF/BF = 0.86.
Head (Fig. 10A–E). Ve ex b own, o en pale on sides and obsole e median ca ina yellowish b own;
2.2 × as b oad as long in midline, sligh ly cons ic ed in middle; disc weakly conca e; an e io ma gin
sligh ly, angula ly p ojec ing an e iad; pos e io ma gin a he deeply conca e; all ma gins mode a ely
ca ina e. F ons b own, weakly con ex, smoo h wi h gene ally well-de eloped, s ongly cu ed yellow
ma king on each side o comple e median ca ina, o en mo e o less me ging oge he on ca ina, and
weak pe idiscal ca ina ma ked wi h pale colou (mos ly in do sal po ion o ons); yellow ma king
along on o-clypeal su u e gene ally well de eloped, wide in middle. Genae yellowish b own wi h
an e o en al angle sligh ly p ojec ing an e iad. Clypeus iangula , con ex, smoo h, no keeled o
ca ina e; an eclypeus b own wi h sides yellowish; pos clypeus blackish b own. Labium b own wi h las
segmen longe han b oad, sho e han penul ima e. An ennae wi h scape sho , ing-shaped, yellowish,
and pedicel bulbous, yellowish wi h basal ⅓ b own.
T
Ho ax
(Fig. 10A, C–E). P ono um b own (gene ally da ke han e ex) wi h weak pale , yellowish
median line, mo e isible in an e io po ion; sub iangula , p ojec ing an e io ly; smoo h wi h an e io
ma gin ca ina e, some small ube cles, and pai o imp essed poin s on each side o midline; la e al ields
e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al lobes b own, pale yellowish unde eye and wi h s ong black ma king
along en al ma gin; pos e o en al angle ounded. Mesono um b own, o en wi h ca inae ma ked wi h
pale colou , smoo h, weakly con ex wi h shallow dep ession be o e scu ellum some imes con aining
obsole e median ca ina; subla e al (pe idiscal) ca inae incomple e bu a he dis inc . Tegulae yellowish
b own.
Tegmina (Fig. 10A–D). B own wi h main eins sligh ly da ke , ele a ed, and c oss- eins weakly aised
and usually pale han backg ound; o en wi h zigzaged ma king o whi e wax mo e o less ollowing
cla al join wi h pos e io b anch eaching MP ein, and ans e se ma king subapically; dis inc ly
con ex, and abou 2.2 × as long as wide, wi h dis inc la e al hump including ein ScP+RA sligh ly
be o e basal ⅓; a he na ow bu dis inc , yellowish epipleu on; cla us closed, eaching 4/5 o egmen
leng h. Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
Hind wings (Fig. 10F). Blackish b own; eins da ke han backg ound, gene ally black; well de eloped,
wi h h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h; inden a ion be ween ScP-R-MP-Cu
and Pcu-A1 lobes mode a ely deep. Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
legs (Fig. 10A–E). Yellowish b own, pale han egmina; dis al po ion o me a emo a and basal po ion
o me a ibiae da kened; all spines o pos e io legs black apically. An e io and median legs sligh ly
la ened do so en ally, ibiae mo e slende han co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o-
and meso emo a wi h ow o minu e ee h in dis al po ion; p o- and meso a si a he elonga e. Me a ibiae
wi h wo la e al spines in dis al hal , and se en apical spines. Me a a si a he sho wi h i s segmen
abou as long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and
7 in e media e spines a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 7 / 9 / 2.
aBdomen (Fig. 10B). B own wi h median a ea da ke .
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
32
Fig. 13. Caimocus elephas gen. e sp. no ., dissec ed pa a ype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Habi us, do sal
iew. B. Habi us, en al iew. C. Habi us, la e al iew. D. Habi us, an e ola e al iew. E. Habi us,
pe pendicula iew o ons. F. Righ hind wing.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
33
Desc ip ion
measu emenTs and aTios. LT: ♂ (n = 10): 5.7 mm (5.4–6.0); LT/BB = 2.02; LTg/BTg = 2.29; LW/BW =
1.20; BV/LV = 1.91; LF/BF = 0.85.
Head (Fig. 13A–E). Ve ex b own, o en pale in pos e io po ion, wi h weak median ca ina yellowish;
1.9 × as b oad as long in midline, sligh ly cons ic ed in middle; disc weakly conca e; an e io ma gin
angula ly p ojec ing an e iad (widely ob use angle); pos e io ma gin a he deeply conca e; all ma gins
mode a ely ca ina e. F ons a iega ed b own, wi h pale ans e se a ea in middle; dis inc ly da ke
do sally, be ween pe idiscal ca ina and do sal ma gin; weakly con ex, smoo h wi h dis inc , comple e
median ca ina; pe idiscal ca ina dis inc mos ly in do sal po ion o ons; some yellowish ube cles
along la e al ma gins. Genae yellowish b own wi h an e o en al angle sligh ly p ojec ing an e iad.
Clypeus iangula , con ex, smoo h, no keeled o ca ina e; an eclypeus da k b own wi h base yellowish;
pos clypeus black-b own. Labium yellow-b own wi h las segmen longe han b oad, sho e han
penul ima e. An ennae wi h scape sho , ing-shaped, yellowish b own, and pedicel bulbous, da k b own.
THo ax (Fig. 13A, C–E). P ono um b own, usually da ke han e ex and mesono um, wi h pale ,
yellowish median ca ina and yellowish ube cles in la e al ields; sub iangula , p ojec ing an e io ly;
gene ally smoo h wi h an e io ma gin ca ina e and pai o imp essed poin s on each side o midline;
la e al ields e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al lobes da k b own, pale yellowish along en al ma gin
and wi h yellowish ube cles along ex e nal ma gin; pos e o en al angle ounded. Mesono um b own,
o en wi h ca inae and some ube cles in la e al angles ma ked wi h yellowish, smoo h, weakly con ex
wi h shallow dep ession be o e scu ellum; median ca ina dis inc , subla e al (pe idiscal) ca inae dis inc .
Tegulae yellowish b own.
Tegmina (Figs 13a–d, 14a–B). B own wi h pale poo ly de ined median band and apical po ion;
main eins mo e o less concolou ous, ele a ed, and c oss- eins weakly aised and gene ally pale han
backg ound; dis inc ly con ex, and abou 2.3 × as long as wide, wi h dis inc la e al hump including
ein ScP+RA sligh ly be o e basal ⅓; wi hou dis inc epipleu on; cla us closed, su passing ¾ o egmen
leng h. Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
Hind wings (Fig. 13F). Blackish b own, u ning sligh ly da ke in dis al po ion; eins gene ally da ke
han backg ound; well de eloped, wi h h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h;
inden a ion be ween ScP-R-MP-Cu and Pcu-A1 lobes mode a ely deep. Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
legs (Figs 13a–e, 14C–d). Yellowish b own, pale han egmina; apex o p o- and meso ibiae, p o- and
meso emo a, dis al po ion o me a emo a and basal po ion o me a ibiae da ke ; all spines o pos e io
legs black apically. An e io and median legs sligh ly la ened do so en ally, ibiae mo e slende han
co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o- and meso emo a wi h ow o minu e ee h; p o-
and meso a si a he elonga e. Me a ibiae wi h wo la e al spines in dis al hal , and six apical spines.
Me a a si a he sho wi h i s segmen abou as long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s.
Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and six in e media e spines a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal
o mula: (2) 6 / 8 / 2.
aBdomen (Fig. 13B). B own wi h median a ea da ke .
male Te minalia (Figs 15–16). Pygo e (Py – Fig. 15A–D) sho , abou 2.1 × as high as long a midheigh
in la e al iew, wi h pos e io ma gin b oadly ounded in la e al iew; in caudal iew subo al, 1.3 × as
high as wide; do sally deeply no ched. Gonos yli (G – Fig. 15A–D) ela i ely massi e, mode a ely
con ex, wi h an e odo sal ma gin weakly conca e, hen upcu ed a base o capi ulum; en al ma gin
ounded; pos e io po ion oundly p ojec ing caudad in o a pos e io lobe in la e al iew, o ming
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
34
nea ly igh angle a base o capi ulum; capi ulum (ca – Fig. 15A–C) elonga e, digi i o m, s ongly
p ojec ing do sad and wi h a he long neck, cu ed an e odo sad and e enly ape ing owa ds apex
in la e al iew, in caudal iew sinua e, mode a ely la ened an e o-pos e io ly, and wi h basila e al
oo h di ec ed la e o en ad. Anal ube (An – Fig. 15A–D) mode a ely elonga e, do so en ally la ened,
obo al, e enly widening om base owa ds ounded apical ma gin in do sal iew, abou 1.7 × as long
as wide in do sal iew, anal opening in basal ⅓; in la e al iew ab up ly na owing a anal opening,
hen weakly downcu ed. Aedeagus (ae – Figs 15E–L, 16) symme ical, cu ed pos e odo sad in la e al
iew. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium ( l – Figs 15E–J, 16A–C) lamina e, spa ula e wi h apical ma gin
ound, sligh ly sho e han do sal lobe and aedeagus sensu s ic o. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium (dl –
Figs 15E–H, J–L, 16A–C, G) in p oximal ⅔, mode a ely expanded in o lamina la e o en ally, wi h
sides e enly ape ing in dis al po ion owa ds ounded apex, lamina pa ly co e ing la e o en al
Fig. 14. Caimocus elephas gen. e sp. no ., pa a ype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Righ egmen, pe pendicula iew.
B. Righ egmen, en al iew. C. Righ ibia and a sus, en al iew. D. Dis al po ion o igh ibia and
a sus, en al iew. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
35
Fig. 15. Caimocus elephas gen. e sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), e minalia. A–D. Pygo e , anal ube and
gonos yli. A. Le la e al iew. B. Pos e ola e al iew. C. Caudal iew. D. Do sal iew. E–L. Aedeagus.
E. Do sal iew. F. An e odo sal iew. G. Le la e al iew. H. Ven al iew. I. Pos e o en al iew.
J. Pos e ola e al iew. K. Le la e odo sal iew. L. Le la e o en al iew. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial
and me hods.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
36
Fig. 16. Caimocus elephas gen. e sp. no . A–G. Holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), aedeagus. A–C. Pe iand ium.
A. Do sal iew. B. Pos e o en al iew. C. Le la e al iew. D–F. Aedeagus s. s . D. Do sal iew.
E. Pos e o en al iew. F. Le la e al iew. G. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium, en al iew. H. Dis ibu ion
map. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
37
p ocesses o aedeagus; la e odo sal p ocesses o pe iand ium (ldp – Figs 15E–G, I–L, 16A–C, G) a ising
en ally om basal po ion o do sal lobe, sha -shaped, cu ed pos e odo sad, hen poin ed and sligh ly
cu ed mesad apically. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o, ae – Figs 15E–G, I–K, 16D–F) sligh ly sho e han
la e odo sal p ocesses o pe iand ium, bi id, each sha mo e o less pa allel-sided o ounded apex;
la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 15E–L, 16D–F) a ising in dis al ⅓, di ec ed cephalad, gene ally obus
and elonga e ( a he slende ) and mode a ely, e enly cu ed mesad in en al iew, weakly cu ed in
la e al iew, in la ed a base and wi h pos e io hook cu ed pos e odo sad. Connec i e (co – Fig. 15G)
well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, weakly cu ed in la e al iew, ec iduc us ( e – Fig. 15G) well
de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and wide an e io o amen.
Biology
Caimocus elephas gen. e sp. no . was collec ed in he mon hs o Ma ch, May and June a al i udes
be ween 300 and 1400 m a.s.l., in mois e e g een opical o es . The specimens we e si ing on small
b anches and lea es, on lowe ege a ion, bushes and ees. In Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, i was ound a he
ollowing collec ing si e/habi a s (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a): “pheasan ail” (Cons an & Pham
2025a: igs 2a(2), 3a), “ oadside” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(4), 4a), and “summi ” (Cons an &
Pham 2025a: igs 2a(5), 4b).
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, and Quang T i P o ince, Deo Sa Mu
(Fig. 16H).
Caimocus obus us gen. e sp. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :EA4436A8-7DE5-487B-8726-F385152BD150
Figs 17–19
Diagnosis
Caimocus obus us gen. e sp. no . can be ecognized by he obus and s ongly cu ed mesad
la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus (l p – Figs 18G–L, 19E–G).
Di e en ial diagnosis
The new species is close o Caimocus elephas gen. e sp. no . and Caimocus sinua us gen. e sp. no . bu
i can be sepa a ed om bo h o he species by he shape o he la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus
(l p – Fig. 19E–G) obus and s ongly cu ed mesad while hey a e elonga e ( a he slende ) and
mode a ely, e enly cu ed in C. elephas (l p – Fig. 16D–F), and dis inc ly sinua e in dis al po ion in
C. sinua us (l p – Fig. 22E–H).
E ymology
The species epi he ‘ obus us’ is a La in adjec i e meaning ‘ obus ’. I e e s o he obus shape o he
la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus.
Type ma e ial
Holo ype
VIETNAM • ♂; Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°11′18″ N, 107°50′56″ E; 1300–
1400 m a.s.l.; 11–21 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; summi ; VNMN.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
38
Pa a ypes
VIETNAM – Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince • 1 ♂; same da a as o holo ype; VNMN • 3 ♂♂; same da a
as o holo ype; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS.
Desc ip ion
m
easu emenTs
and
aTios
. LT: ♂ (n = 5): 5.7 mm (5.6–5.7); LT/BB = 2.08; LTg/BTg = 2.40; LW/BW =
1.25; BV/LV = 2.14; LF/BF = 0.84.
Head (Fig. 17A–E). Ve ex pale b own, da ke in an e io po ion, wi h yellowish weak median ca ina;
2.1 × as b oad as long in midline, sligh ly cons ic ed in middle; disc weakly conca e; an e io ma gin
angula ly p ojec ing an e iad (widely ob use angle); pos e io ma gin a he deeply conca e; all ma gins
mode a ely ca ina e. F ons a iega ed b own, wi h pale ans e se a ea in middle; dis inc ly da ke
do sally, be ween pe idiscal ca ina and do sal ma gin; weakly con ex, smoo h wi h dis inc , comple e
median ca ina; pe idiscal ca ina dis inc mos ly in do sal po ion o ons; some yellowish ube cles
along la e al ma gins. Genae yellowish wi h an e o en al angle sligh ly p ojec ing an e iad. Clypeus
iangula , con ex, smoo h, no keeled o ca ina e; an eclypeus da k b own wi h base and (pa ly) sides
yellowish; pos clypeus black b own. Labium yellow-b own wi h las segmen longe han b oad, sho e
han penul ima e. An ennae wi h scape sho , ing-shaped, yellowish b own, and pedicel bulbous, da k
b own.
THo ax (Fig. 17A, C–E). P ono um da k b own, pale in an e io po ion, gene ally da ke han e ex,
wi h pale , yellowish median ca ina and yellowish ube cles mo e o less in ows, in la e al ields;
sub iangula , p ojec ing an e io ly; gene ally smoo h wi h an e io ma gin ca ina e and pai o imp essed
poin s on each side o midline; la e al ields e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al lobes da k b own, da ke
wi h yellowish ube cles in ex e nal side po ion, pale yellowish along en al ma gin; pos e o en al
angle ounded. Mesono um b own, o en wi h ca inae, apex o scu ellum and some ube cles in la e al
angles ma ked wi h yellowish, smoo h, weakly con ex wi h shallow dep ession be o e scu ellum; median
ca ina dis inc , subla e al (pe idiscal) ca inae dis inc . Tegulae yellowish b own.
Tegmina (Figs 17a–d). B own wi h pale poo ly de ined median band (o en la gely in e up ed do sally)
and apical po ion; CuP pale han backg ound, o he main eins mo e o less concolou ous, ele a ed;
c oss- eins weakly aised and gene ally pale han backg ound; dis inc ly con ex, and abou 2.4 × as
long as wide, wi h dis inc la e al hump including ein ScP+RA sligh ly be o e basal ⅓; wi hou dis inc
epipleu on; cla us closed, su passing ¾ o egmen leng h. Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
Hind wings (Fig. 17F). Blackish b own, u ning sligh ly da ke in dis al po ion; eins gene ally da ke
han backg ound; well de eloped, wi h h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h;
inden a ion be ween ScP-R-MP-Cu and Pcu-A1 lobes mode a ely deep. Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
legs (Fig. 17A–E). Yellowish b own, pale han egmina; apex o p o- and meso ibiae, p o- and
meso emo a, dis al and ex e nal po ions o me a emo a and basal po ion o me a ibiae da ke ; all spines
o pos e io legs black apically. An e io and median legs sligh ly la ened do so en ally, ibiae mo e
slende han co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o- and meso emo a wi h ow o minu e
ee h; p o- and meso a si a he elonga e. Me a ibiae wi h wo la e al spines in dis al hal , and six apical
spines. Me a a si a he sho wi h i s segmen abou as long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s.
Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and six in e media e spines a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal
o mula: (2) 6 / 8 / 2.
aBdomen (Fig. 17B). Pale b own on la e al po ion, median a ea da ke .
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
39
Fig. 17. Caimocus obus us gen. e sp. no ., dissec ed pa a ype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Habi us, do sal
iew. B. Habi us, en al iew. C. Habi us, la e al iew. D. Habi us, an e ola e al iew. E. Habi us,
pe pendicula iew o ons. F. Righ hind wing.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
40
Fig. 18. Caimocus obus us gen. e sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), e minalia. A–D. Pygo e , anal
ube and gonos yli. A. Le la e al iew. B. Pos e ola e al iew. C. Do sal iew. D. Caudal iew.
E–L. Aedeagus. E. Do sal iew. F. An e odo sal iew. G. Le la e al iew. H. Pos e ola e al
iew. I. Pos e o en al iew. J. Le la e o en al iew. K. Le la e odo sal iew. L. Ven al iew.
Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
41
Fig. 19. Caimocus obus us gen. e sp. no . A–G. Holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), aedeagus. A–D. Pe iand ium.
A. Do sal iew. B. Ven al iew. C. Pos e o en al iew. D. Le la e al iew. E–G. Aedeagus s. s .
E. Do sal iew. F. Pos e o en al iew. G. Le la e al iew. H. Dis ibu ion map. Abb e ia ions: see
Ma e ial and me hods.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
48
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k (Fig. 22I).
Genus Ci e issus gen. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :2A5D574F-4BAE-4BE2-8139-6A50BAEDC7C5
Type species
Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no . by p esen designa ion.
Diagnosis
The genus Ci e issus gen. no . can be di e en ia ed om he o he gene a o Sa imini by he ollowing
combina ion o cha ac e s: (1) he head s ongly p ojec ing an e io ly in a poin ed p ocess, wi h e ex
longe han wide; (2) he ons abou as long in midline, as wide, wi hou median and pe idiscal ca inae;
(3) he egmina elonga e, abou 2.4 × as long as wide, wi h dis inc la e al hump sligh ly a ound basal
¼ hiding cos al ma gin in do sal aspec , and wi h dis inc epipleu on; (4) he ein ScP o he egmen
long, weakly cu ed and eaching ma gin o egmen a ound dis al
1
/
5
o egmen leng h; (5) he i s
o k o MP a abou 2/5 o egmen leng h, mo e basal han he i s o k o CuA a abou 3/5; M1 o ked
a abou ¾ o egmen; (6) he anal ube elonga e, do so en ally la ened, widening om base owa ds
anal opening, and ape ing in dis al po ion in do sal iew; (7) he gonos yli wi h an e odo sal ma gin
angula ly ounded, and wi h capi ulum a he sho and cu ed an e odo sad; (8) he aedeagus (sensu
s ic o) wi h a single pai o elonga e, sha -like, la e o en al p ocesses a ising a abou dis al ⅓, and he
la e odo sal p ocess o he pe iand ium bea ing an elonga e sha di ec ed cephalad.
Di e en ial diagnosis
The mos simila genus is Pseudoco uncanius Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020. Howe e , Ci e issus gen. no .
can be sepa a ed by i s head s ongly p ojec ing an e io ly in a poin ed p ocess, wi h e ex longe
han wide, and ons abou as long in midline, as wide, while Pseudoco uncanius shows a b oadly
ounded an e io ma gin o he e ex / do sal ma gin o ons, a s ongly ans e se e ex, abou wice
as wide as long in midline, and a s ongly ans e se ons, abou 1.5 × as wide as long in midline (see
illus a ions in Cons an & Pham 2024a: ig. 35); he pe idiscal ca ina o he ons is weak bu dis inc
in Pseudoco uncanius, while i is obsole e in Ci e issus, and on he egmen, he o k o MP1 is e y
dis al in Pseudoco uncanius (5/6 o egmen leng h), while i is dis inc ly mo e basal in Ci e issus (¾ o
egmen leng h).
E ymology
The genus name is o med by he combina ion o ‘ci e e’ (F ench) meaning ‘ci e ’, and Issus B ullé,
1832, he ype genus o he amily Issidae. Se e al names we e de i ed om ‘ci e e’ like he genus
Ci e ic is Pocock, 1915 o he species C. ci e a (Sch ebe , 1776), as well he he common name ‘ci e ’,
used o he membe s o he amily Vi e idae (Mammalia, Ca ni o a). The new genus name e e s o
he poin ed head and ma kings which a e eminiscen o some membe s o he amily Vi e idae; he
gende is masculine.
Desc ip ion
Ra he la ge (6.3–7.5 mm), e y con ex, a he elonga e wi h poin ed head.
Colou . Mos ly b own o eddish b own wi h pale ma kings on head and ho ax, and black ings on
p o- and meso ibiae.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
49
Head. Ve ex dis inc ly p ojec ing an e iad, sligh ly longe in midline, han b oad, mo e o less la wi h
obsole e median ca ina; an e io ma gin angula wi h na owly ounded apex, pos e io one dis inc ly
conca e; all ma gins weakly ca ina e. F ons con ex, oblique in la e al iew, na owly isible om
abo e, sligh ly wide han long in midline, smoo h wi hou median ca ina and wi h pe idiscal ca ina
obsole e; maximum b ead h sligh ly abo e le el o an ennae; do sal ma gin s ongly p ojec ing an e iad
in sub iangula p ocess. An e o en al angle o genae dis inc ly p ojec ing an e iad, an e io ma gin
sligh ly ca ina e unde eye; na ow g oo e be ween eye and ma gin s opping unde ocellus. Clypeus
iangula , con ex, smoo h, no keeled o ca ina e. Labium wi h las segmen longe han b oad, sho e
han penul ima e. An ennae wi h scape sho , ing-shaped, and subcylind ical; ba el-shaped pedicel.
THo ax. P ono um ans e se wi h an e io ma gin ounded and pos e io ma gin sligh ly bisinua e,
abou 0.55 × as long in midline, as mesono um; smoo h wi h an e io ma gin inely ca ina e and pai o
imp essed poin s on each side o median line; la e al ields e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al lobes
wi hou ube cles / ca inae, and wi h pos e o en al angle angula ly ounded. Mesono um sub iangula
wi h pos e ola e al ma gins sligh ly incu ed, smoo h, weakly con ex wi h shallow dep ession be o e
scu ellum; no dis inc ca inae.
Tegmina. Con ex, elonga e, abou 2.4 × as long as wide, wi h longi udinal eins ele a ed and c oss- eins
weakly ele a ed; cos al ma gin o ming a b oadly ounded angle a basal 2/5; apical ma gin obliquely
ounded; dis inc la e al hump including ein ScP+RA a ound basal ¼, hiding cos al ma gin in do sal
aspec ; cos al ma gin mo e o less hidden by ein RP in dis al ¾, in do sal iew; dis inc epipleu on;
cla us closed, eaching abou ¾ o egmen leng h. Vena ion: ScP+R a he sho ; ScP+RA long, eaching
ex e nal ma gin o egmen a ound dis al
1
/
5
o egmen leng h; RP un o ked, long and weakly cu ed; i s
o k o MP a abou 2/5 o egmen leng h, mo e basal han he i s o k o CuA a abou 3/5; M1 wi h wo
e minales, o ked a abou ¾ o egmen; Pcu and A1 used sligh ly beyond hal leng h o cla us, Pcu+A1
eaching apex o cla us; c oss- eins mo e nume ous and mo e s ongly ma ked in dis al hal o egmen.
H
ind
wings
. Well de eloped, wi h h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h; mos ly
b own. Vena ion: ScP+R and CuA u ca e; MP simple, sinua e; second b anch o CuA used dis ally wi h
CuP; Pcu and A1 used on basal hal , Pcu un o ked and A2 simple; one ans e se ein be ween second
b anch o ScP+R and MP, and (mo e basally) be ween MP and i s b anch o CuA.
legs. Ra he sho , slende , wi h p o- and meso emo a and p o- and meso ibiae sligh ly la ened
do so en ally, ibiae mo e slende han co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o- and
meso emo a wi h ow o minu e ee h; p o- and meso a si elonga e and slende . Me a ibiae wi h wo
la e al spines in dis al hal and eigh apical spines. Me a a si mode a ely elonga e wi h i s segmen
abou as long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and
se en in e media e spines a anged in a c en ally. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 8 / 9 / 2.
male Te minalia. Pygo e sho , abou 2.8 × as high as long a midheigh in la e al iew; in caudal iew
subo al, 1.4 × as high as wide. Gonos yli a he la ge, mode a ely con ex, wi h pos e io ma gin oundly
p ojec ing caudad in la e al iew, and an e odo sal ma gin dis inc ly angula ly ounded; capi ulum a he
sho and cu ed an e odo sad in la e al iew, cu ed mesad in caudal iew, wi h dis inc neck and
la e al hook, dis ally lamina e an e o-pos e io ly. Anal ube elonga e, do so en ally la ened, widening
om base o a ound anal opening and ape ing in dis al po ion in do sal iew; in la e al iew, sligh ly
downcu ed. Aedeagus elonga e, symme ical, mode a ely cu ed pos e odo sad in la e al iew; base
o pe iand ium do sally wi h lamina e p ojec ion di ec ed caudad. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium lamina e,
cons ic ed in middle po ion, and spa ula e in dis al po ion. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium elonga e,
no ched apically and wi h s ong median ca ina ( in-shaped); elonga e sha a ising apically and s ongly
ecu ed cephalad in basal po ion. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o) bi id om basal po ion and mo e o less
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
50
unca e apically, wi h pai o elonga e, sha -like, la e o en al p ocesses a ising a abou dis al ⅔ o
leng h. Connec i e well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, s aigh in la e al iew, ec iduc us well
de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and wide an e io o amen.
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince.
Species included
Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no .
Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :497BDF2C-4594-4810-9EEF-DAC931ECF9CF
Figs 23–27
Diagnosis
Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no . is he only species in he genus Ci e issus gen. no . The con as ed
ma kings o he head and o he pa s o he body and he cha ac e s o he male e minalia, a e p obably
ele an diagnos ic ea u es o ecognize he species, e.g., he elonga e, ape ing anal ube in do sal
iew, he shape o he gonos yli, including he capi ulum in la e al iew, he sha s and do sal in-shaped
p ocess o he pe iand ium, and he size and shape (cu a u e) o he la e o en al p ocesses o he
aedeagus (Figs 23–26).
Di e en ial diagnosis
The mos simila species belong o he genus Pseudoco uncanius Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020, om which
C. pagumoides gen. e sp. no . can be sepa a ed by he cha ac e s gi en abo e o he genus.
E ymology
The species epi he ‘pagumoides’ is de i ed om o he ci e genus Paguma G ay, 1831 (Mammalia:
Ca ni o a: Vi e idae) and e e s o he colou a ion o he head o he plan hoppe (da k b own / black
wi h pale median line) which is eminiscen o he head o he masked palm-ci e , Paguma la a a
(Hamil on-smi h, 1827).
Type ma e ial
Holo ype
VIETNAM • ♂; Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince; 16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E; 500–600 m a.s.l.; 10–20 May
2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; pheasan ail; VNMN.
Pa a ypes
VIETNAM – Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same da a as o holo ype; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS
• 1 ♂; Nam Dong Dis ic , Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, ange s a ion; 16°08′37″ N, 107°49′36″ E; 150–
500 m; 19 Oc . 2024; J. Cons an , L. Seme a o, T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; I.G.: 34.893; RBINS • 2 ♀♀; Bach
Ma Na ional Pa k, YesHue Eco; 16°13′05″ N, 107°43′27″ E; 200–300 m a.s.l.; 17 May 2023; J. Cons an
and L. Seme a o leg.; VNMN.
Desc ip ion
measu emenTs and aTios. LT: ♂ (n = 3): 6.4 mm (6.3–6.5), ♀ (n = 3): 7.3 mm (7.2–7.5); LT/BB = 2.48;
LTg/BTg = 2.44; LW/BW = 1.31; BV/LV = 0.92; LF/BF = 0.94.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
51
Fig. 23. Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no ., dissec ed holo ype, ♂ (VNMN). A. Habi us, do sal
iew. B. Habi us, en al iew. C. Habi us, la e al iew. D. Habi us, an e ola e al iew. E. Habi us,
pe pendicula iew o ons. F. Righ hind wing.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
52
Head (Figs 23a–e, 27). Ve ex b own o blackish b own wi h dis inc median line yellowish whi e o
pale ed; iangula ly p ojec ing an e iad wi h na owly ounded apex; 1.1 × as long in midline, as b oad,
mo e o less la wi h obsole e median ca ina; pos e io ma gin dis inc ly conca e; all ma gins weakly
ca ina e. F ons wi h lowe po ion and ine line unde do sal ma gin, pale yellowish o eddish, and uppe
po ion blackish b own, con ex, oblique in la e al iew, na owly isible om abo e, abou 1.1 × as
wide as long in midline, smoo h wi hou median ca ina, and wi h pe idiscal ca ina obsole e; maximum
b ead h sligh ly abo e le el o an ennae; do sal ma gin s ongly p ojec ing an e iad in sub iangula
p ocess. Genae concolou ous wi h ons, lowe po ion pale and uppe po ion, down o lowe ma gin o
eye, blackish; an e o en al angle dis inc ly p ojec ing an e iad, an e io ma gin sligh ly ca ina e unde
eye; na ow g oo e be ween eye and ma gin s opping unde ocellus. Clypeus da k b own wi h basal
po ion na owly yellowish, o comple ely black, iangula , con ex, smoo h, no keeled o ca ina e.
Fig. 24. Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN). A. Righ egmen, pe pendicula
iew. B. Righ egmen, en al iew. C. Righ ibia and a sus, en al iew. D. Dis al po ion o igh
ibia and a sus, en al iew. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
53
Fig. 25. Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), e minalia. A–D. Pygo e ,
anal ube and gonos yli. A. Le la e al iew. B. Pos e ola e al iew. C. Do sal iew. D. Caudal iew.
E–L. Aedeagus. E. Do sal iew. F. An e odo sal iew. G. Le la e al iew. H. Pos e odo sal iew. I. Le
la e odo sal iew. J. Le la e o en al iew. K. Ven al iew. L. Pos e o en al iew. Abb e ia ions: see
Ma e ial and me hods.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
54
Fig. 26. Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no . A–G. Holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), aedeagus. A–D. Pe iand ium.
A. Do sal iew. B. Ven al iew. C. Le la e al iew. D. La e o en al iew. E–G. Aedeagus s. s .
E. Do sal iew. F. Ven al iew. G. Le la e al iew. H. Dis ibu ion map. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial
and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
55
Labium yellowish, wi h las segmen longe han b oad, sho e han penul ima e. An ennae black wi h
scape sho , ing-shaped, and subcylind ical, ba el-shaped pedicel.
THo ax (Figs 23a, C–e, 27). P ono um b own o blackish wi h dis inc median line and o en small blun
ube cles, yellowish whi e o pale ed; ans e se wi h an e io ma gin ounded and pos e io ma gin
sligh ly bisinua e, abou 0.55 × as long in midline, as mesono um; smoo h wi h an e io ma gin inely
ca ina e and pai o weak imp essed poin s on each side o median line; la e al ields e y na ow behind
eyes; pa ano al lobes black wi hou ube cles / ca inae, and wi h pos e o en al angle angula ly ounded.
Mesono um b own o blackish wi h dis inc median line yellowish whi e o pale ed; sub iangula
wi h pos e ola e al ma gins sligh ly incu ed, smoo h, weakly con ex wi h shallow dep ession be o e
scu ellum; no dis inc ca inae. Tegulae yellowish.
Tegmina (Figs 23a–d, 24a–B, 27). B own o blackish o eddish b own, wi h da ke poo ly de ined
band along cos al ma gin, and la e na owly pale yellowish along basal 4/5; apical cells wi h mo e o less
elonga e black ma king ( eins pale ), o en missing in cubi al a ea; eins mo e o less concolou ous, ein
A1-Pcu+A1 o en black. Con ex, elonga e, abou 2.4 × as long as wide, wi h longi udinal eins ele a ed
and c oss- eins weakly ele a ed; cos al ma gin o ming a b oadly ounded angle a basal 2/5; sligh ly
ape ing in dis al 3/5, apical ma gin obliquely ounded; dis inc la e al hump including ein ScP+RA
a ound basal ¼, hiding cos al ma gin in do sal aspec ; cos al ma gin mo e o less hidden by ein RP in
dis al ¾, in do sal iew; dis inc epipleu on; cla us closed, eaching abou ¾ o egmen leng h. Vena ion
as in genus desc ip ion.
Hind wings (Fig. 23F). Blackish b own, u ning sligh ly da ke in dis al po ion; eins gene ally da ke
han backg ound, wi h ed po ions; well de eloped, wi h h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o
less equal in wid h; inden a ion be ween ScP-R-MP-Cu and Pcu-A1 lobes mode a ely deep. Vena ion as
in genus desc ip ion.
legs (Figs 23a–e, 24C–d, 27). Femo a black wi h mo e o less dis inc p eapical pale ing; ibiae
and a si yellowish whi e, p o- and meso ibiae wi h basal spo , ing be o e hal leng h and apex, black,
me a ibiae black in basal po ion; all spines o pos e io legs black apically. Legs a he sho , slende ,
wi h p o- and meso emo a and p o- and meso ibiae sligh ly la ened do so en ally, ibiae dis inc ly
mo e slende han co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o- and meso emo a wi h ow
o minu e ee h; p o- and meso a si elonga e and slende . Me a ibiae sligh ly cu ed wi h wo la e al
spines in dis al hal and eigh apical spines. Me a a si mode a ely elonga e wi h i s segmen abou as
long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and se en
in e media e spines a anged in a c en ally. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 8 / 9 / 2.
aBdomen (Fig. 23B). Yellowish b own wi h basal a ea o segmen s da ke .
male Te minalia. Pygo e (Py – Fig. 25A–D) sho , abou 2.8 × as high as long a midheigh in la e al
iew, wi h pos e io ma gin bisinua e, wi h dis inc angle do sally, and an e io ma gin dis inc ly
incu ed; in caudal iew subo al, 1.4 × as high as wide; hind ma gin do sally deeply and widely no ched.
Gonos yli (G – Fig. 25A–D) a he la ge, mode a ely con ex, wi h pos e io ma gin oundly p ojec ing
caudad in a sho lobe in la e al iew, wi h do sal po ion o hind ma gin sinua e, and an e odo sal ma gin
dis inc ly angula ly ( igh angle) ounded; capi ulum (ca – Fig. 25A–B, D) a he sho and dis inc ly
cu ed an e odo sad in la e al iew, cu ed mesad in caudal iew, dis ally lamina e an e o-pos e io ly
wi h dis inc neck and la e al hook poin ed la e o en ad. Anal ube (An – Fig. 25A–D) elonga e, abou
2.5 × as long in midline, as wide, do so en ally la ened, widening om base o a ound anal opening,
sligh ly g oo ed in midline and ape ing in dis al po ion in do sal iew (la e al ma gin b oadly ounded);
in la e al iew, sligh ly downcu ed. Aedeagus (Figs 25E–L, 26) elonga e, symme ical, mode a ely
cu ed pos e odo sad in la e al iew; base o pe iand ium do sally wi h lamina e p ojec ion di ec ed
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
56
Fig. 27. Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no . Li e specimens in Bach Ma Na ional Pa k (pho og aphed
in cage). A–E. Pheasan ail, 20 May 2023. F. Nam Dong, nea ange s a ion, 19 Oc . 2024.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
57
caudad. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium ( l – Figs 25G–L, 26A–D) lamina e, widening basally on sho
dis ance, hen ape ing, cons ic ed in middle po ion, and spa ula e in dis al po ion wi h ounded apical
ma gin no ched in middle. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium (dl – Figs 25E–L, 26A–D) elonga e, deeply
no ched apically and wi h s ong median ca ina ( in-shaped) aised a igh angle basally, hen ounded o
oblique slope owa ds he pos e io ; elonga e sha (sp – Figs 25E–L, 26A–D) a ising apically, di ec ed
la e ally and s ongly ecu ed cephalad in basal po ion, mo e o less s aigh , do sally i egula ly
den a e and wi h dis al po ion spa ula e, mode a ely widening and upcu ed. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o,
ae – Figs 25F–G, I, L, 26E–G) e y elonga e, bi id om basal po ion and mo e o less oundly unca e
apically, wi h pai o elonga e, sha -like, la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 25E–L, 26E–G) a ising a
abou dis al ⅔ o leng h, di ec ed cephalad and cu ed mesodo sad in dis al po ion, and eaching o base
o pe iand ium. Connec i e (co – Fig. 25G) well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, s aigh in la e al
iew, ec iduc us ( e – Fig. 25G) well de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and wide an e io
o amen.
Biology
Ci e issus pagumoides gen. e sp. no . was collec ed in he mon hs o May and Oc obe a al i udes
be ween 150 and 600 m a.s.l., in mois e e g een opical o es . The specimens we e si ing on small
b anches and lea es, on lowe ege a ion and bushes. In Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, i was ound a he
ollowing collec ing si e/habi a s (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a): “Yes Hue Eco” (Cons an & Pham
2025a: ig. 2a(1), b), “pheasan ail” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(2), 3a), and “ ange s a ion”
(Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(6), 5a).
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k (Fig. 26H).
Genus Eusa ima Yang, 1994
Eusa ima Yang in Chang & Yang, 1994: 108.
Type species
Eusa ima con o a Yang, 1994, by o iginal designa ion.
Diagnosis
The genus Eusa ima can be di e en ia ed om he o he gene a o Sa imini by he ollowing combina ion
o cha ac e s, acco ding o Gnezdilo (2013a) and Zhang e al. (2020): (1) he ons wi h dis inc and
comple e median and pe idiscal (subla e al) ca inae, joining below uppe ma gin (subgenus Eusa ima), o
a le el o uppe ma gin (subgenus Nepalius Dlabola, 1997); (2) he e ex ans e se, 1.6–2.0 × as wide
as long; (3) he egmina qui e elonga e, wi hou epipleu on (= hypocos al pla e) (subgenus Eusa ima),
o wi h an epipleu on (= hypocos al pla e) (subgenus Nepalius Dlabola, 1997); (4) he egmina wi h
eins ScP long, eaching o e midleng h o egmen, RP and CuA wi h 2 b anches each and MP wi h 2–4
b anches; (5) he hind wings well de eloped, h ee-lobed; (6) he hind ibiae wi h wo la e al spines; (7)
he pe iand ium wi h a pai o subapical p ocesses; (8) he aedeagus wi h pai o en al hooks a ising
om i s apical hal and di ec ed cephalad.
Rema ks
The genus Eusa ima con ains wo subgene a: Eusa ima Yang, 1994 and Nepalius Dlabola, 1997 ( ype
species: Nepalius helle ianus Dlabola, 1997). Nepalius was synonymized unde Eusa ima by Gnezdilo
(2009), and soon la e , ea ed as a alid subgenus o Eusa ima by Gnezdilo & Moza a ian (2011). The
wo subgene a can be sepa a ed by he cha ac e s o he median and pe idiscal ca inae o he ons, used
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
64
he pe iand ium mo e o less pa ellel-sided in do sal iew (dl – Fig. 33A), dis ally o ming a ounded
lobe wi h, on each side, a do sal spinose p ocess (dsp – Fig. 33C) upcu ed, sinua e in caudal iew; (5)
he la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus (l p – Fig. 33F–H) obus and a he sho , a ising in dis al
1/6, cu ed en ocephalad in la e al iew and no su passing le el o 3/5 o he aedeagus.
Di e en ial diagnosis
Eusa ima (Eusa ima) boe ei sp. no . can be sepa a ed om E. (Eusa ima) bachmana sp. no . by i s
ons b own wi h a ans e se yellowish band (uni o mly yellow-b own in he la e ) and i s sho e
la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus no su passing
3
/
5
o aedeagus leng h ( eaching o a leas
hal leng h o he aedeagus in he la e ); i can be sepa a ed om E. (Eusa ima) bou goini sp. no . by
he la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus, much longe , eaching he base o he aedeagus in he la e
species, which addi ionally doesn’ show a yellowish band o he ons.
E ymology
The species epi he is a pa onym dedica ed o D Jean-Luc Boe é (RBINS) in acknowledgemen o his
suppo o he wo k o he au ho s o e he yea s.
Type ma e ial
Holo ype
VIETNAM • ♂; [Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince], Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°12′ N, 107°52′ E; [1300–
1400 m a.s.l.]; 15–16 Jul. 2011; J. Cons an and J. B esseel leg.; summi , day ime collec ing; I.G.:
31.933; RBINS.
Desc ip ion
measu emenTs and aTios. LT: ♂ (n = 1): 5.9 mm; LT/BB = 1.79; LTg/BTg = 2.16; LW/BW = 1.21; BV/
LV = 2.00; LF/BF = 0.90.
Head. (Fig. 31A–E). Ve ex b own, pale in pos e io angles, wi h ine, yellowish, obsole e median
ca ina; 2.0 × as b oad as long in midline, sligh ly cons ic ed in middle; disc weakly conca e; an e io
ma gin angula ly p ojec ing an e iad (widely ob use angle); pos e io ma gin a he deeply conca e; all
ma gins ca ina e. F ons b own wi h wide yellowish ans e se band on disc; weakly con ex, smoo h
wi h dis inc median ca ina eaching do sal ma gin abo e bu no eaching on o-clypeal su u e;
pe idiscal ca ina dis inc nea ly down o on o-clypeal su u e, c ossing median ca ina sligh ly unde
do sal ma gin; nume ous yellowish ube cles along la e al ma gins; do sal ma gin mo e o less s aigh
(weakly con ex in middle po ion); wides a le el o an ennae. Genae yellow-b own, pale han ons,
wi h an e o en al angle weakly p ojec ing an e iad; ocelli p esen . Clypeus colou ed as ons, apex
sligh ly da ke ; sub iangula , con ex, smoo h, wi h small basal median hump bu no keeled o ca ina e,
wi h on o-clypeal su u e cu ed. Labium yellow-b own wi h las segmen longe han b oad, sho e
han penul ima e. An ennae wi h scape sho , ing-shaped, yellow-b own, and pedicel bulbous, yellow-
b own wi h dis inc basal black incomple e ing.
THo ax (Fig. 31A, C–E). B own. P ono um wi h weak, pale median ca ina; sub iangula , p ojec ing
an e io ly; smoo h wi h an e io ma gin ca ina e and pai o imp essed poin s on each side o midline;
la e al ields wi h some pale ube cles, and e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al lobes yellowish b own,
u ning da k b own along la e al ma gin, wi h pos e o en al angle ounded. Mesono um wi h median
and pe idiscal (subla e al) ca inae dis inc and sligh ly pale , smoo h, weakly con ex wi h shallow
dep ession be o e pale scu ellum. Tegulae b own.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
65
Fig. 31. Eusa ima boe ei gen. e sp. no ., dissec ed holo ype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Habi us, do sal
iew. B. Habi us, en al iew. C. Habi us, la e al iew. D. Habi us, an e ola e al iew. E. Habi us,
pe pendicula iew o ons. F. Righ hind wing.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
66
Fig. 32. Eusa ima boe ei gen. e sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (RBINS), e minalia. A–D. Pygo e , anal ube and
gonos yli. A. Le la e al iew. B. Pos e ola e al iew. C. Caudal iew. D. Do sal iew. E–L. Aedeagus.
E. Do sal iew. F. An e odo sal iew. G. Ven al iew. H. Le la e al iew. I. Le la e o en al iew.
J. Le la e odo sal iew. K. Pos e ola e al iew. L. Pos e o en al iew. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial
and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
67
Tegmina (Fig. 31A–D). Uni o mly b own wi h main eins mo e o less concolou ous (some imes da ke ),
ele a ed, and c oss- eins weakly aised and pale han backg ound; dis inc ly con ex, and abou 2.2 × as
long as wide, wi h weak la e al hump including ein ScP+RA sligh ly be o e basal ⅓, no hiding b oadly
ounded la e al ma gin in do sal aspec ; apical ma gin ounded; no dis inc epipleu on; cla us closed,
eaching o sligh ly beyond ¾ o egmen leng h. Vena ion: ScP+R a he sho ; ScP+RA long, cu ed,
eaching ex e nal ma gin o egmen a ound dis al 1/5 o egmen leng h; RP un o ked, long and weakly
cu ed; i s o k o MP and CuA sligh ly be o e hal leng h, wi h i s o k o CuA sligh ly mo e dis al;
MP1 wi h wo e minales; Pcu and A1 used a abou 3/5 o leng h o cla us, Pcu+A1 eaching apex o
cla us; c oss- eins nume ous.
Hind wings (Fig. 31F). Blackish b own, u ning sligh ly da ke in dis al po ion, and wi h pale a ea
along cos al ma gin, be o e midleng h; eins gene ally da ke han backg ound; well de eloped, wi h
h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h; inden a ion be ween ScP-R-MP-Cu and
Pcu-A1 lobes mode a ely deep. Vena ion: ScP+R and CuA u ca e; MP simple, sinua e; second b anch
o CuA used dis ally wi h CuP; Pcu and A1 used on basal hal , Pcu un o ked and A2 simple; one
ans e se ein be ween second b anch o ScP+R and MP, and be ween MP and i s b anch o CuA.
legs (Fig. 31A–E). Yellow b own, sligh ly pale han egmina; all spines o pos e io legs black apically.
An e io and median legs sligh ly la ened do so en ally, ibiae mo e slende han co esponding emo a;
pos e o en al ma gin o p o- and meso emo a wi h ow o minu e ee h; p o- and meso a si mode a ely
elonga e. Me a ibiae wi h wo la e al spines in dis al hal , and six apical spines. Me a a si a he sho
wi h i s segmen abou as long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e wi h
wo la e o-apical and six in e media e spines a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 6 / 8 / 2.
aBdomen (Fig. 31B). Yellow-b own wi h median po ion da ke .
male Te minalia (Figs 32–33). Pygo e (Py – Fig. 32A–D) sho , abou 2.4 × as high as long a
midheigh in la e al iew, wi h pos e io ma gin ounded in la e al iew; in caudal iew subo al, 1.3 ×
as high as wide; do sally deeply no ched. Gonos yli (G – Fig. 32A–D) ela i ely massi e, mode a ely
con ex, wi h an e odo sal ma gin sligh ly, e enly con ex, hen upcu ed a base o capi ulum; en al
ma gin sligh ly ounded wi h pos e io angle ounded; pos e odo sal ma gin oundly p ojec ing caudad
in o a pos e io lobe in la e al iew, o ming ob use angle, and wi h second ob use angle mo e do sad
(cu ed cephalad) a base o capi ulum in la e al iew; capi ulum (ca – Fig. 32A–C) a he slende in
la e al iew and an e opos e io ly la ened, p ojec ing an e odo sad and wi h mode a e neck, apical
poin di ec ed cephalad, in la e al iew, pos e io ma gin ex ending en ad and cu ed o each apex o
basila e al spine cu ed la e o en ad; inne ma gin dis inc ly ounded in caudal iew. Anal ube (An –
Fig. 32A–D) dis inc ly elonga e, do so en ally la ened, sligh ly widening om base o le el o anal
opening, hen sligh ly, e enly ape ing o ound apical ma gin, and abou 2.5 × as long as wide in do sal
iew, anal opening in basal ⅓; in la e al iew ab up ly na owing a anal opening, hen weakly sinua e,
mo e o less s aigh in dis al po ion. Aedeagus (ae – Figs 32E–L, 33) symme ical, elonga e, dis inc ly
cu ed pos e odo sad in la e al iew. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium ( l – Figs 32G–L, 33A–E) lamina e,
sligh ly ape ing owa ds spa ula e dis al po ion, wi h apical ma gin sligh ly no ched; sligh ly sho e
han do sal lobe and aedeagus sensu s ic o. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium (dl – Figs 32E–L, 33A–E) mo e
o less pa ellel-sided in do sal iew, dis ally o ming ounded lobe wi h, on each side, do sal spinose
p ocess (dsp – Figs 32E–F, H–I, L, 33A–E) upcu ed, sinua e in caudal iew; basally o spinose p ocess,
e lexed lobe de eloped meso en ad and pa ly conceiling en al lobe en ally. Aedeagus (sensu
s ic o, ae – Figs 32E–L, 33F–H) su passing spinose p ocesses o pe iand ium, bi id, each sha mo e o
less pa allel-sided o obliquely unca e apex; la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 32G–L, 33F–H) obus ,
a he sho (⅓ o leng h o aedeagus), a ising in dis al 1/6 and no su passing le el o 3/5 o aedeagus,
cu ed en ocephalad in la e al iew, mode a ely sinua e (in la ed hen s ongly cu ed la e ad basally)
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
68
Fig. 33. Eusa ima boe ei gen. e sp. no . A–H. Holo ype, ♂ (RBINS), aedeagus. A–E. Pe iand ium.
A. Do sal iew. B. Ven al iew. C. Pos e o en al iew. D. Le la e al iew. E. Pos e ola e al iew.
F–H. Aedeagus s. s . F. Do sal iew. G. Pos e o en al iew. H. Le la e al iew. I. Dis ibu ion map.
Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
69
in caudal iew, mode a ely elonga e and a he ab up ly ape ing owa ds poin ed apex in dis al po ion.
Connec i e (co – Fig. 32H) well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, slende , weakly cu ed in la e al
iew, ec iduc us ( e – Fig. 32H) mode a ely de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and wide
an e io o amen.
Biology
Eusa ima boe ei sp. no . was collec ed in July a al i udes be ween 1300 and 1400 m a.s.l., in mois
e e g een opical o es . The specimen was collec ed by sweeping lowe ege a ion and bushes. In
Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, i was ound a he ollowing collec ing si e / habi a s (Cons an & Pham 2025a:
ig. 2a): “summi ” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(5), 4b).
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k (Fig. 33I).
Eusa ima (Eusa ima) bou goini sp. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :A9B8C76B-F692-4892-890F-92B25FFB5BF2
Figs 34–36
Diagnosis
Eusa ima (Eusa ima) bou goini sp. no . can be ecognized by he ollowing combina ion o cha ac e s:
(1) he ons yellowish b own, da ke owa ds do sal ma gin, wi h do sal and la e al ma gins inely lined
in black (Fig. 34E); (2) he an e odo sal ma gin o he gonos yli sligh ly, e enly con ex in la e al iew
(G – Fig. 35A); (3) he anal ube in do sal iew (An – Fig. 35C), elonga e (abou 2.6 × as long as wide),
do so en ally la ened, sligh ly widening om base o le el o anal opening in basal ⅓, hen sligh ly
ape ing o a ound apical ma gin; (4) he do sal lobe o he pe iand ium mo e o less pa ellel-sided in
do sal iew (dl – Fig. 36A), dis ally o ming a ounded lobe wi h, on each side, a do sal spinose p ocess
(dsp – Fig. 36C) upcu ed and sinua e in caudal iew; (5) he la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus
(l p – Fig. 36F–H) ex emely elonga e and slende , a ising in dis al 1/6 and eaching base o aedeagus.
Di e en ial diagnosis
Eusa ima (Eusa ima) bou goini sp. no . can be sepa a ed om bo h E. (Eusa ima) bachmana sp. no .
and E. (Eusa ima) boe ei sp. no . by he la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus, much longe , eaching
he base o he aedeagus while hey each a bes hal leng h o he aedeagus in he wo o he species; i
can be addi ionally sepa a ed om E. (Eusa ima) boe ei by he lack o a an e se yellowish band on
he ons.
E ymology
The species epi he is a pa onym dedica ed o P o . D Thie y Bou goin (Muséum na ional d’His oi e
na u elle, Pa is, F ance) in acknowledgemen o his suppo o he wo k o he au ho s o e he yea s.
Type ma e ial
Holo ype
VIETNAM • ♂; Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°11′44″ N, 107°50′44″ E; 1200–
1300 m a.s.l.; 22 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; oadside; VNMN.
Pa a ypes
VIETNAM – Da Nang P o ince • 1 ♂; Ba Na-Nui Chua Na u e Rese e; 16°00′ N, 108°01′ E; 16–19
Jul. 2017; J. Cons an and J. B esseel leg.; GTI P ojec ; I.G.: 33.498; RBINS. – Thừa Thiên-Huế
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
70
P o ince • 1 ♂; same da a as o holo ype; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 3 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k;
16°11′18″ N, 107°50′56″ E; 1300–1400 m a.s.l.; 11–21 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.;
summi ; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; same da a as o p eceding; VNMN • 3 ♂♂; Bach Ma Na ional
Pa k; 16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E; 500–600 m a.s.l.; 10–20 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.;
pheasan ail; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 3 ♂♂; same da a as o p eceding; VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional
Pa k; 30 May 2023; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; summi ail; ligh ap; VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k,
oad o Bach Ma Peak; 16°11′45.73″ N, 107°51′46.34″ E; 1325 m a.s.l.; May 2023; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.;
[by] ne ; AU00672 VNMN • 1 ♂; same da a as o p eceding; AU00673; VNMN • 1 ♂; Phong Dien
Dis ic ; 16°30′27″ N, 107°16′05″ E; 350–400 m a.s.l.; 23 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.;
I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; same da a as o p eceding; VNMN.
Desc ip ion
measu emenTs and aTios. LT: ♂ (n = 10): 5.4 mm (5.3–5.6); LT/BB = 2.03; LTg/BTg = 2.30; LW/BW =
1.21; BV/LV = 2.01; LF/BF = 0.98.
Head (Fig. 34A–E). Ve ex b own, pale in pos e io angles, wi h ine, yellowish, obsole e median ca ina;
2.0 × as b oad as long in midline, sligh ly cons ic ed in middle; disc weakly conca e; an e io ma gin
angula ly p ojec ing an e iad (widely ob use angle); pos e io ma gin a he deeply conca e; all ma gins
ca ina e. F ons yellowish b own, da ke owa ds do sal ma gin, wi h do sal and la e al ma gins inely
lined in black; weakly con ex, smoo h wi h dis inc median ca ina eaching do sal ma gin abo e bu no
eaching on o-clypeal su u e; pe idiscal ca ina dis inc nea ly down o on o-clypeal su u e, c ossing
median ca ina sligh ly unde do sal ma gin; some yellowish ube cles along la e al ma gins; do sal
ma gin mo e o less s aigh (weakly con ex in middle po ion); wides a le el o an ennae. Genae
yellow, pale han ons, wi h an e o en al angle weakly p ojec ing an e iad; ocelli p esen . Clypeus
colou ed as ons, apex sligh ly da ke ; sub iangula , con ex, smoo h, wi h small basal median hump
bu no keeled o ca ina e, wi h on o-clypeal su u e cu ed. Labium yellow-b own wi h las segmen
longe han b oad, sho e han penul ima e. An ennae wi h scape sho , ing-shaped, yellow-b own, and
pedicel bulbous, yellow-b own wi h dis inc basal black incomple e ing.
THo ax (Fig. 34A, C–E). B own. P ono um da ke in pos e io po ion; weak, pale median ca ina;
sub iangula , p ojec ing an e io ly; smoo h wi h an e io ma gin ca ina e and pai o imp essed poin s on
each side o midline; la e al ields wi h some pale ube cles, o ming wo lines (along pos e io ma gin,
and oblique ollowing midwid h), and e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al lobes yellowish, u ning
da k b own along la e al ma gin (behind eye down o la e o en al angle), wi h pos e o en al angle
ounded and some yellowish ube cles along la e al ma gin. Mesono um wi h median and pe idiscal
(subla e al) ca inae dis inc and sligh ly pale ; smoo h, weakly con ex wi h shallow dep ession be o e
pale scu ellum. Tegulae yellowish b own.
T
egmina
(Fig. 34A–D). B own wi h main eins mo e o less concolou ous (some imes da ke ), ele a ed,
and c oss- eins weakly aised and pale han backg ound; dis inc ly con ex, and abou 2.3 × as long
as wide, wi h weak la e al hump including ein ScP+RA sligh ly a ound basal ¼, no hiding b oadly
ounded la e al ma gin in do sal aspec ; apical ma gin ounded; no dis inc epipleu on; cla us closed,
eaching o a ound 4/5 o egmen leng h. Vena ion: ScP+R a he sho ; ScP+RA long, cu ed, eaching
ex e nal ma gin o egmen a ound dis al
1
/
5
o egmen leng h; RP un o ked, long and weakly cu ed;
i s o k o MP and CuA a ound hal leng h, wi h i s o k o CuA sligh ly mo e dis al; MP1 wi h wo
o h ee e minales; Pcu and A1 used a abou 3/5 o leng h o cla us, Pcu+A1 eaching apex o cla us;
c oss- eins nume ous.
Hind wings (Fig. 34F). Blackish b own, u ning sligh ly da ke in dis al po ion, and wi h sligh ly pale
a ea along cos al ma gin, be o e midleng h; eins gene ally da ke han backg ound; well de eloped,
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
71
Fig. 34. Eusa ima bou goini gen. e sp. no ., dissec ed pa a ype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Habi us, do sal
iew. B. Habi us, en al iew. C. Habi us, la e al iew. D. Habi us, an e ola e al iew. E. Habi us,
pe pendicula iew o ons. F. Righ hind wing.
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Fig. 35. Eusa ima bou goini gen. e sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), e minalia. A–D. Pygo e ,
anal ube and gonos yli. A. Le la e al iew. B. Pos e ola e al iew. C. Do sal iew. D. Caudal
iew. E–L. Aedeagus. E. Do sal iew. F. An e odo sal iew. G. Ven al iew. H. Le la e al iew.
I. Pos e ola e al iew. J. Pos e o en al iew. K. Le la e odo sal iew. L. Le la e o en al iew.
Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
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wi h h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h; inden a ion be ween ScP-R-MP-
Cu and Pcu-A1 lobes mode a ely deep. Vena ion: ScP+R and CuA u ca e; MP simple, sinua e; second
b anch o CuA used dis ally wi h CuP; Pcu and A1 used on basal hal , Pcu un o ked and A2 simple;
one ans e se ein be ween second b anch o ScP+R and MP, and be ween MP and i s b anch o CuA.
legs (Fig. 34A–E). Yellow b own, sligh ly pale han egmina, wi h apex o p o- and meso ibiae, and
o p o- and meso a si, in usca e; all spines o pos e io legs black apically. An e io and median legs
sligh ly la ened do so en ally, ibiae mo e slende han co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin
o p o- and meso emo a wi h ow o minu e ee h; p o- and meso a si mode a ely elonga e. Me a ibiae
wi h wo la e al spines in dis al hal , and six apical spines. Me a a si a he sho wi h i s segmen abou
as long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and i e
in e media e spines a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 6 / 7 / 2.
aBdomen (Fig. 34B). Yellow-b own wi h median po ion da ke .
male Te minalia (Figs 35–36). Pygo e (Py – Fig. 35A–D) sho , abou 2.2 × as high as long a midheigh
in la e al iew, wi h pos e io ma gin ounded in la e al iew, sligh ly sinua e in en al po ion; in caudal
iew subo al, 1.4 × as high as wide; do sally deeply no ched. Gonos yli (G – Fig. 35A–D) ela i ely
massi e, mode a ely con ex, wi h an e odo sal ma gin sligh ly, e enly con ex, hen dis inc ly upcu ed
a base o capi ulum; en al ma gin weakly ounded, wi h pos e io angle ounded; pos e odo sal ma gin
weakly incu ed, wi h a dis inc hump a base o capi ulum in la e al iew; capi ulum (ca – Fig. 35A–
D) mode a ely elonga e and an e opos e io ly la ened, p ojec ing an e odo sad and wi h mode a e
neck, apical poin di ec ed cephalad, in la e al iew, pos e io ma gin ex ending en ad and cu ed
o each apex o basila e al spine cu ed la e o en ad; inne ma gin sligh ly ema gina e wi h basal
hump in caudal iew. Anal ube (An – Fig. 35A–D) dis inc ly elonga e, do so en ally la ened, sligh ly
widening om base o le el o anal opening, hen sligh ly, e enly ape ing o ound apical ma gin,
and abou 2.6 × as long as wide in do sal iew, anal opening a ound basal ⅓; in la e al iew ab up ly
na owing a anal opening, hen mode a ely downcu ed in dis al po ion. Aedeagus (ae – Figs 35E–L,
36) symme ical, elonga e, dis inc ly cu ed pos e odo sad in la e al iew. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium
( l – Figs 35G–L, 36E, G–L) lamina e, sligh ly ape ing owa ds spa ula e dis al po ion, wi h apical
ma gin ounded; sligh ly sho e han do sal lobe and aedeagus sensu s ic o. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium
(dl – Figs 35E–L, 36A–E) mo e o less pa ellel-sided in do sal iew, dis ally o ming ounded lobe
wi h, on each side, slende do sal spinose p ocess (dsp – Figs 35F, H–L, 36A–E) upcu ed, sinua e in
caudal iew; basally o spinose p ocess, e lexed lobe de eloped meso en ad and na owly conceiling
en al lobe en ally. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o, ae – Figs 35E–F, H–L, 36F–H) abou same le el as
spinose p ocesses o pe iand ium, bi id, each sha mo e o less pa allel-sided o obliquely unca e apex
(apical ma gin weakly sinua e); la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 35G–L, 36F–H) ex emely elonga e
and slende , a ising in dis al
1
/
6
and eaching base o aedeagus, cu ed en ocephalad in la e al iew,
sinua e (in la ed hen s ongly cu ed la e ad basally) in caudal iew, ape ing owa ds poin ed apex in
dis al po ion. Connec i e (co – Fig. 35H) well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, weakly cu ed in
la e al iew, ec iduc us ( e – Fig. 35H) well de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and wide
an e io o amen.
Biology
Eusa ima bou goini sp. no . was collec ed in he mon hs o May and July, a al i udes be ween 350
and 1400 m a.s.l., in mois e e g een opical o es . The specimens we e si ing on small b anches and
lea es, on lowe ege a ion, bushes and ees. In Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, i was ound a he ollowing
collec ing si e/habi a s (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a): “pheasan ail” (Cons an & Pham 2025a:
igs 2a(2), 3a), “ oadside” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(4), 4a), and “summi ” (Cons an & Pham
2025a: igs 2a(5), 4b).
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
80
legs (Figs 37a–e, 38C–d). Yellowish b own, pale han egmina; apex o p o- and meso ibiae, dis al
po ion o me a emo a and basal po ion o me a ibiae da ke ; all spines o pos e io legs black apically.
An e io and median legs sligh ly la ened do so en ally wi h ibiae mo e slende han co esponding
emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o- and meso emo a wi h ow o minu e ee h; p o- and meso a si
a he elonga e. Me a ibiae wi h wo la e al spines in dis al hal and six apical spines. Me a a si a he
sho wi h i s segmen abou as long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e
wi h wo la e o-apical and six in e media e spines a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 6 / 8 / 2.
aBdomen (Fig. 37B). Pale b own wi h median a ea i egula ly da ke .
male Te minalia (Figs 39–40). Pygo e (Py – Fig. 39A–D) sho , abou 2.4 × as high as long a midheigh
in la e al iew, wi h pos e io ma gin b oadly ounded in la e al iew (weakly sinua e in en al po ion);
in caudal iew o al (sides subpa allel), 1.4 × as high as wide; deeply no ched do sally. Gonos yli (G –
Fig. 38. Lobosa ima loba a sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN). A. Righ egmen, pe pendicula iew.
B. Righ egmen, en al iew. C. Righ ibia and a sus, en al iew. D. Dis al po ion o igh ibia and
a sus, en al iew. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
81
Fig. 39. Lobosa ima loba a sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), e minalia. A–D. Pygo e , anal ube and
gonos yli. A. Le la e al iew. B. Pos e ola e al iew. C. Caudal iew. D. Do sal iew. E–L. Aedeagus.
E. Do sal iew. F. An e odo sal iew. G. Le la e al iew. H. Pos e ola e al iew. I. Ven al iew. J. Le
la e o en al iew. K. Le la e odo sal iew. L. Pos e o en al iew. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and
me hods.
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Fig. 40. Lobosa ima loba a sp. no . A–H. Holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), aedeagus. A–E. Pe iand ium.
A. Do sal iew. B. Ven al iew. C. Pos e o en al iew. D. Le la e al iew. E. Pos e ola e al iew.
F–H. Aedeagus s. s . F. Do sal iew. G. Pos e o en al iew. H. Le la e al iew. I. Dis ibu ion map.
Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
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Fig. 39A–D) a he massi e, mode a ely con ex, wi h pos e io po ion oundly p ojec ing caudad in o
a pos e io lobe in la e al iew o ming a ounded, nea ly igh angle a base o capi ulum; an e odo sal
ma gin oblique, hen upcu ed a base o capi ulum, en al ma gin nea ly s aigh ; capi ulum (ca –
Fig. 39A–C) elonga e, s ongly p ojec ing, egula ly cu ed, an e odo sad and wi h poo ly dis inc neck,
digi i o m in la e al iew, alca e wi h inne ma gin ounded in caudal iew, and wi h a he small
la e al oo h dis inc ly downcu ed. Anal ube (An – Fig. 39A–D) mode a ely elonga e and a he wide,
do so en ally la ened, obo al / sub ec angula , apically unca e, sligh ly conca e, in do sal iew, abou
2.2 × as long as wide and wi h anal opening in basal ⅓; in la e al iew ab up ly na owing a anal
opening and weakly downcu ed. Aedeagus (Figs 39E–L, 40) symme ical, elonga e, mo e o less e enly
cu ed pos e odo sad in la e al iew, wi h pai o dis inc basal lobes (bl – Figs 39E, G–K, 40A–E)
do sally. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium ( l – Figs 39E–L, 40A–E) lamina e, spa ula e, e enly cons ic ed
in middle, apically oundly unca e, and wide basally han do sal lobe. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium (dl –
Figs 39E–L, 40A–E) wi h sides sinua e in do sal iew, apical ma gin ounded and wi h la e al ma gins
downcu ed in la ge middle po ion; s ong en al oo h a ound 3/5 o leng h, apically cu ed cephalad;
la ge gap be ween do sal and en al lobes in p oximal po ion, in la e al iew. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o,
ae – Figs 39G, J–L, 40F–H) elonga e, deeply bi id, each sha oundly ape ing apically in do sal iew;
pai o elonga e la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 39E–L, 40F–H) a ising an eapically, an e odo sally
cu ed in la e al iew and eaching basal 1/5 o aedeagus, sinua e in do sal iew; a es , p ocesses mo e
o less conceiled be ween la e al expansion o do sal lobe and basal lobes o he pe iand ium. Connec i e
(co – Fig. 39G) well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, weakly cu ed in la e al iew, ec iduc us ( e –
Fig. 39G) well de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and wide an e io o amen.
Biology
Lobosa ima loba a gen. e sp. no . was collec ed in he mon hs o May and July a al i udes be ween 350
and 1300 m a.s.l., in mois e e g een opical o es . The specimens we e si ing on small b anches and
lea es, on lowe ege a ion, bushes and ees. In Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, i was ound a he ollowing
collec ing si e/habi a s (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a): “ oadside” (Cons an & Pham 2025a:
igs 2a(4), 4a).
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k and Phong Dien Dis ic , and Da Nang
P o ince, Ba Na-Nui Chua Na u e Rese e (Fig. 40I).
Genus Longieusa ima Wang, Bou goin & Zhang, 2017
Longieusa ima Wang, Bou goin & Zhang, 2017: 362.
Type species
Longieusa ima lunulia Wang, Bou goin & Zhang, 2017, by o iginal designa ion.
Diagnosis
The genus Longieusa ima can be di e en ia ed om he o he gene a o Sa imini by he ollowing
combina ion o cha ac e s: (1) he e ex abou as long as wide in do sal iew; (2) he median and la e al
ca inae o ons limi ed o do sal hal ; (3) he egmina elonga e, a leas 2.5 × as long as wide, wi h
dis inc la e al hump a basal ⅓ hiding cos al ma gin in do sal aspec ; (4) he ein ScP o he egmen
a he sho , cu ed and no ex ending beyond midleng h o egmen; (5) he i s o k o MP mo e basal
han i s o k o CuA; (6) he aedeagus wi h a single pai o elonga e en al p ocesses; (7) he do sal
lobe o he pe iand ium wi h a pai o apicola e al p ocesses di ec ed cephalad.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
84
Species included
Longieusa ima bachmana sp. no .
Longieusa ima lunulia Wang, Bou goin & Zhang, 2017
Longieusa ima bachmana sp. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :6DDE316F-1DD1-47FA-90B3-7B619374394D
Figs 41–44
Diagnosis
Longieusa ima bachmana sp. no . can be ecognized by (1) a a he la ge size (♂: 7.0–7.6 mm, ♀: 7.5–
8.1 mm) and wide e ex (1.4 × as wide as long in midline); (2) he pos e io ma gin o he pygo e in
la e al iew de eloped in a la ge lobe in do sal hal (Py – Fig. 42A); (3) he mode a ely long la e o en al
p ocesses o he aedeagus (l p – Fig. 43F–H).
Di e en ial diagnosis
The new species is close o Longieusa ima lunulia Wang, Bou goin & Zhang, 2017 (see illus a ions in
Wang e al. 2017: igs 27–47 and in Cons an & Pham 2024a: igs 31–32) bu he la e is smalle (♂:
6.3–7.0 mm, ♀: 7.0–7.3 mm compa ed o ♂: 7.0–7.6 mm, ♀: 7.5–8.1 in L. bachmana sp. no .), shows
a la ge pos e io lobe o he pos e io ma gin o he pygo e in he en al po ion o he pygo e (la ge
pos e io lobe de eloped in he uppe po ion o he pygo e in L. bachmana) and longe la e o en al
p ocesses o he aedeagus, eaching nea base o he aedeagus sensu s ic o ( eaching basal ¼ o aedeagus
in L. bachmana).
E ymology
The species epi he e e s o Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, whe e he species was disco e ed.
Type ma e ial
Holo ype
VIETNAM • ♂; Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°11′18″ N, 107°50′56″ E; 1300–
1400 m a.s.l.; 11–21 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; summi ; VNMN.
Pa a ypes
VIETNAM – Thiên-Huế P o ince • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same da a as o holo ype; VNMN • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same
da a as o holo ype; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°13′38″ N, 107°51′20″ E;
500–600 m a.s.l.; 10–20 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; pheasan ail; VNMN • 1 ♂,
1 ♀; same da a as o p eceding; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°11′44″ N,
107°50′44″ E; 1200–1300 m a.s.l.; 22 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o leg.; oadside; I.G.:
34.640; RBINS • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, s ai s going up o Hai Vong Dai; 16°11′53.77″ N,
107°51′26.92″ E; 1272 m a.s.l.; 16 Sep . 2024; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; by ne ; VNMN • 1 ♀; Bach Ma
Na ional Pa k, campsi e; 691 m a.s.l.; 26 May 2024; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; ligh ap; VNMN.
Desc ip ion
m
easu emenTs
and
aTios
. LT: ♂ (n = 9): 7.2 mm (7.0–7.6), ♀ (n = 5): 7.8 (7.5–8.1); LT/BB = 2.29; LTg/
BTg = 2.57; LW/BW = 1.36; BV/LV = 1.40; LF/BF = 0.87.
Head (Fig. 41A–E). Ve ex 1.4 × as b oad as long in midline, yellow-b own o en wi h pale obsole e ine
median line, and na owly da ke along an e io ma gin; an e io ma gin ounded, pos e io one dis inc ly
conca e and la e al weakly di e ging owa ds he an e io ; all ma gins weakly ca ina e; disc mo e o
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
85
Fig. 41. Longieusa ima bachmana sp. no ., dissec ed pa a ype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Habi us, do sal
iew. B. Habi us, en al iew. C. Habi us, la e al iew. D. Habi us, an e ola e al iew. E. Habi us,
pe pendicula iew o ons. F. Righ hind wing.
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86
less la . Genae yellowish, washed wi h b own a an e odo sal and an e o en al angles; an e o en al
angle p ojec ing an e io ly. F ons 1.15 × as wide as long in midline, b own, da ke do sally be ween
do sal ma gin and pe idiscal ca ina, and along la e o en al angles; dis inc yellowish cu ed ans e se
na ow line in middle o disc; wides unde le el o an ennae and weakly con ex; uppe ma gin weakly
con ex; median ca ina well ma ked in do sal po ion hen ge ing weake en ad and disappea ing a
abou en al ⅓; la e odo sal ca inae om middle o do sal ma gin obliquely o abou middle o eye bu
no eaching la e al ma gin; ma gins mode a ely ca ina e, mo e s ongly in en al angle; on oclypeal
su u e ounded. Clypeus b own, da ke apically, sub iangula , wi hou ca ina. Labium b own wi h las
segmen longe han b oad, and sho e han penul ima e. An ennae wi h scape sho , ing-shaped, b own;
pedicel bulbous, b own, dake basally and pos e io ly.
THo ax (Fig. 41A, C–D). B own. P ono um o en somewha da ke in pos e io po ion; in midline abou
hal he midline leng h o mesono um; pale median line wi h imp essed poin on each side, a ound
midleng h; an e io ma gin dis inc ly ca ina e, angula ly p ojec ing cephalad, pos e io ma gin weakly
incu ed in middle; la e al ields e y na ow; pa ano al lobes yellow-b own wi h dis inc black ma king
in en al inne angle and along ex e nal ma gin. Mesono um sub iangula wi h median blun ca ina,
pe idiscal ca inae sligh ly sha pe ; shallowly dep essed a base o scu ellum. Tegulae b own.
Tegmina (Fig. 41A–E). B own wi h pale yellowish ans e se einle s and i egula spo s, and eins
ScP+RA and RP blackish b own; s ong la e al hump in basal ⅓ a le el o ScP+R ein, sho ly hiding
cos al ma gin in do sal iew; ein RP hiding cos al ma gin in do sal iew, in dis al po ion o egmina;
longi udinal eins aised; epipleu on (= hypocos al pla e) well de eloped; abou 1.9 × longe han wide
when aken oge he in do sal iew; cla us e y elonga e, closed. Vena ion: ScP+R di iding close o
base; ScP+RA cu ed, a he sho , disappea ing a ound p oximal 2/5 o egmen leng h; RP e y long,
weakly cu ed, nea ly eaching o ou e ma gin o egmen; MP ein i s o k a ound 2/5 o egmen leng h;
MP1 o ked a abou apical 1/6; CuA ein i s o k a abou midleng h o egmen; eins Pcu and A1 used
a ound 3/5 o cla us leng h, Pcu+A1 eaching apex o cla us.
Hind wings (Fig. 41F). B own, da ke owa ds apical and pos e io ma gins; a he elonga e wi h eins
gene ally da ke han backg ound; well de eloped, wi h 3 dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less
equal in wid h; inden a ion be ween ScP-R-MP-Cu and Pcu-A1 lobes mode a ely deep. Vena ion: ScP+R
and CuA u ca e, MP simple, weakly sinua e; second b anch o CuA used wi h CuP dis ally; Pcu and
A1 used on basal hal , Pcu and A2 simple; ans e se ein be ween second b anch o ScP+R and MP,
and be ween MP and i s b anch o CuA; A2 no o ked.
legs (Fig. 41A–E). Slende and mode a ely long, yellowish b own wi h he ollowing da k b own: apex
o me a emo a and base o me a ibiae, and apex o spines o me a ibiae and me a a si. Me a ibiae wi h
2 la e al spines on dis al hal and se en apical spines; i s me a a sus wi h ow o 6 minu e ee h along
pos e o en al ma gin, limi ed wi h a la ge oo h on each side. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 7 / 8 / 2.
male Te minalia (Figs 42–43). Pygo e (Py – Fig. 42A–D) massi e, 1.8 × highe han long a hal heigh
in la e al iew; in la e al iew, an e io ma gin mo e o less s aigh , pos e io ma gin wi h do sal 1/10
po ion s ongly sinua e and ape ing o a do sal digi i o m p ocess di ec ed caudad, and emaining pa
s ongly p ojec ing caudad in la ge ound lobe mo e de eloped in do sal po ion; in caudal iew, 1.3 ×
highe han wide. Gonos yli (G – Fig. 42A–D) dis inc ly con ex, nea ly sub iangula wi h pos e io
angle ounded in la e al iew, wi h an e odo sal ma gin oblique, en al ma gin b oadly ounded and
pos e odo sal ma gin sligh ly sinua e (no dis inc pos e io lobe); capi ulum (ca – Fig. 42A–D) wi h
wide, unde ined neck, an e opos e io ly la ened, a he s ongly cu ed an e odo sad in la e al iew,
wi h apical ma gin obliquely, somewha oundly unca e in caudal iew, wi h an eapical la e al obliquely
la ened hook cu ed la e o en ad (in caudal iew). Anal ube (An – Fig. 42A–D) elonga e and a he
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
87
Fig. 42. Longieusa ima bachmana sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), e minalia. A–D. Pygo e , anal
ube and gonos yli. A. Le la e al iew. B. Pos e ola e al iew. C. Do sal iew. D. Caudal iew.
E–L. Aedeagus. E. Do sal iew. F. An e odo sal iew. G. Ven al iew. H. Pos e o en al iew. I. Le
la e al iew. J. Pos e ola e al iew. K. Le la e odo sal iew. L. Le la e o en al iew. Abb e ia ions:
see Ma e ial and me hods.
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Fig. 43. Longieusa ima bachmana sp. no . A–H. Holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), aedeagus. A–E. Pe iand ium.
A. Do sal iew. B. Ven al iew. C. Pos e o en al iew. D. Le la e al iew. E. Pos e ola e al iew.
F–H. Aedeagus s. s . F. Do sal iew. G. Pos e o en al iew. H. Le la e al iew. I. Dis ibu ion map.
Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
89
na ow, subo al wi h maximum wid h a anal opening, dis inc ly con ex longi udinally, apically ounded,
en al ma gin mo e o less s aigh in la e al iew; abou 2.8 × as long in midline, as wide in do sal iew
and wi h anal opening sligh ly beyond basal
2
/
5
. Aedeagus (Figs 42E–L, 43) symme ical, mode a ely
elonga e, mo e o less e enly cu ed pos e odo sad in la e al iew, wi h en al ma gin basally expanded
in pai o massi e comp essed lobes. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium ( l – Figs 42G–L, 43B–E) sho e
han do sal lobe, lamina e, spa ula e, mode a ely cons ic ed in basal ⅓, apically oundly unca e wi h
dis inc middle no ch. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium (dl – Figs 42E–F, H–L, 43A–E) cons ic ed basally,
hen sinua e wi h sides subpa allel (sligh ly ape ing) in do sal iew; median po ion dis inc ly ele a ed
in dis al hal , ounded apically in middle and wi h iangula apicola e al angles ecu ed cephalad.
Aedeagus (sensu s ic o, ae – Figs 42H–J, 43F–H) elonga e, deeply bi id, each sha obliquely unca e
apically in do sal iew; pai o elonga e la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 42E–L, 43F–H) a ising
Fig. 44. Longieusa ima bachmana sp. no . Li e specimens in Bach Ma Na ional Pa k (pho og aphed in
cage). A–D. Pheasan ail, 20 May 2023.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
96
lobe o pe iand ium ( l – Figs 46J–O, 47B–E) lamina e, spa ula e in dis al po ion, e enly cons ic ed in
middle, wi h acu ely ounded apex and la e o en al g oo e (pa ly conceiling la e o en al p ocess o
aedeagus a es ). Do sal lobe o pe iand ium (dl – Figs 46H–O, 47A–E) longe and wide han en al
lobe, somewha saddle-shaped wi h sides p oduced in la ge, e enly ounded, downcu ed lobe pa ly
co e ing en al lobe o pe iand ium and pa ly conceiling la e o en al p ocess o aedeagus a es ,
wi h pos e io po ion showing s ong ca ina (highes poin subapically) oundly unca e apically in
la e al iew. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o, ae – Figs 46H, J–N, 47F–H) elonga e, deeply bi id; in do sal iew,
each sha wi h la e al ma gin sinua e in p oximal ⅔, o wides poin a base o la e o en al p ocesses,
hen e enly ape ing owa ds apex; pai o elonga e la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 46J–O, 47F–I),
s ongly cu ed en ad basally; dis inc ly and e enly cu ed cephalad in la e al iew, s ongly sinua e in
en al iew. Connec i e (co – Fig. 46J) well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, weakly cu ed in la e al
Fig. 48. Mic osa imodes backeljaui sp. no . Li e specimen in Bach Ma Na ional Pa k (pho og aphed in
cage). A–D. Pheasan ail, 20 May 2023.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
97
iew, ec iduc us ( e – Fig. 46J) well de eloped, conical, p oduced cephalad do sally; wi h an e o en al
apodemes and wide an e io o amen.
Biology
Mic osa imodes backeljaui sp. no . was collec ed in he mon hs o Ap il, May and Oc obe a al i udes
be ween 500 and 1400 m a.s.l., in mois e e g een opical o es . The specimens we e si ing on small
b anches and lea es, on bushes and ees. In Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, i was ound a he ollowing
collec ing si e/habi a s (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a): “pheasan ail” (Cons an & Pham 2025a:
igs 2a(2), 3a), “ oadside” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(4), 4a), “summi ” (Cons an & Pham 2025a:
igs 2a(5), 4b).
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k (Fig. 47J).
Genus Re i ima gen. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :EA351D6C-125F-462B-A470-C1EB32B4E780
Type species
Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no ., by p esen designa ion.
Diagnosis
The genus Re i ima gen. no . can be di e en ia ed om all o he gene a o Sa imini by he ollowing
combina ion o cha ac e s: (1) he e ex abou 1.7 × as wide as long in do sal iew; (2) he ons
wi h comple e median ca ina, ex ending down o basal po ion o clypeus whe e i b oadens in o a
sho median hump, and pe idiscal ca inae nea ly comple e bu no eaching en al ma gin; (3) he
egmina elonga e, abou 2.2 × as long as wide, wi h weak la e al hump a ound basal ¼, no hiding cos al
ma gin in do sal aspec , wi h dense ne wo k o dis inc ly pale c oss- eins, and wi h dis inc bu na ow
epipleu on; (4) he ein ScP o he egmen long, weakly cu ed and eaching ma gin o egmen a ound
dis al
1
/
5
o egmen leng h; (5) he i s o k o MP and he i s o k o CuA a abou he same le el,
sligh ly beyond
2
/
5
o he leng h o egmen; (6) he anal ube elonga e and a he wide, do so en ally
la ened, obo al / sub ec angula , apically unca e in do sal iew; (7) he a he massi e gonos yli
wi h an e odo sal ma gin gene ally oblique, wi h capi ulum elonga e, s ongly p ojec ing an e odo sad
and wi h poo ly dis inc neck, digi i o m in la e al iew, and b oadly alca e in caudal iew; (8) he
pe iand ium wi h a pai o s ong la e odo sal p ocesses a ising in p oximal po ion o do sal lobe, and
apex o do sal lobe dis inc ly acumina e; (9) he aedeagus wi h a pai o elonga e, cu ed, la e o en al
p ocesses wi hou pos e io hook, a ising a abou ⅔ o aedeagus leng h.
Di e en ial diagnosis
The mos simila gene a a e Caimocus gen. no ., Duplexissus Wang, Zhang & Bou goin, 2019, Eusa ima
Yang, 1994, Jaganna a Dis an , 1906, Lobosa ima gen. no . and Pa asa ima Yang, 1994. Howe e ,
Re i ima gen. no . can be sepa a ed om all o hese gene a by he egmina wi h dense ne wo k o pale
c oss- eins, he pe iand ium wi h a pai o s ong la e odo sal p ocesses a ising in p oximal po ion o
he do sal lobe, and he apex o he do sal lobe dis inc ly acumina e.
Addi ionally, Re i ima gen. no . can be sepa a ed (1) om Caimocus gen. no . (see Figs 13–22) by he
sub ec angula anal ube in do sal aspec (anal ube widening owa ds ounded apex in Caimocus), he
capi ulum o he gonos yli an e opos e io ly comp essed and alca e (digi i o m and ape ing owa ds he
apex in Caimocus), and he la e o en al p ocesses o he aedaegus wi hou pos e io hook (pos e io hook
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
98
p esen in Caimocus); (2) om Duplexissus (see illus a ions in Wang e al. 2019: igs 12–22) by weakly
de eloped hump o he egmina (s ongly de eloped in Duplexissus), he gene ally oblique an e odo sal
ma gin o he gonos yli (dis inc ly ounded in Duplexissus) and he do sal lobe o he pe iand ium
wi hou apical elonga e p ocess di ec ed cephalad (p ocess p esen on do sal lobe o pe iand ium o
Duplexissus); (3) om Eusa ima (see illus a ions in Chan & Yang 1994: ig. 45) by he gene ally oblique
an e odo sal ma gin o he gonos yli (dis inc ly ounded in Eusa ima), he sub ec angula anal ube in
do sal aspec (elonga e and ape ing owa ds apex in Eusa ima) and he lack o do sal spinose p ocesses
in he apical po ion o he do sal lobe o he pe iand ium (p esen in Eusa ima); (4) om Jaganna a
(see illus a ions in Dis an 1906: igs 171) by he ans e se e ex, much wide han long in midline,
and wi h an e io ma gin mo e o less unca e ( e ex sligh ly longe han wide, and angula ly p oduced
an e io ly in Jaganna a); (5) om Lobosa ima gen. no . (see Figs 37–40) by he lack o a pai o lobes
on he basido sal po ion o he pe iand ium (lobes p esen in Lobosa ima), and he lack o a en al
oo h on he la e al ma gin o he do sal lobe o he pe iand ium ( oo h p esen in Lobosa ima); (6) om
Pa asa ima (see illus a ions in Chan & Yang 1994: ig. 39) by he comple e ca ina o he ons, eaching
sligh ly beyond on oclypeal su u e (ca ina isible only in do sal hal o he ons in Pa asa ima), and
by he pos e io po ion o he gonos yli o ming a dis inc ounded lobe (gonos yli wi hou pos e io
lobe in Pa asa ima).
E ymology
The genus name is he combina ion o ‘ e icula us’ (La in), meaning ‘ e icula e’, and ‘Sa ima’, he name
o he ype genus o he ibe Sa imini. I e e s o he e icula e aspec o he egmina, wi h nume ous
c oss eins. Gende eminine.
Desc ip ion
Medium sized (a ound 6.0 mm), e y con ex, mode a ely elonga e, a he obus -bodied.
Colou . Mos ly b own wi h c oss- eins o egmina o ming dis inc ly pale ne wo k.
Head. Ve ex dis inc ly b oade han long in midline (abou 1.7 ×), weakly conca e wi h weak median
ca ina; an e io ma gin o ming a widely ob use angle, pos e io one a he deeply conca e; all ma gins
ca ina e. F ons mode a ely con ex, na owly isible om abo e, nea ly 1.1 × as wide as long in midline,
somewha ugulose wi h dis inc comple e median ca ina ex ending down o basal po ion o clypeus
whe e i b oadens in o sho median hump, and pe idiscal ca inae nea ly comple e bu no eaching
en al ma gin; obsole e ube cles be ween pe idiscal ca ina and la e al ma gin; maximum b ead h
sligh ly unde le el o an ennae; do sal ma gin nea ly s aigh (angles weakly ele a ed). An e o en al
angle o genae sligh ly p ojec ing an e iad. Ocelli p esen , unde eye. Clypeus iangula , con ex, smoo h,
no keeled o ca ina e. Labium wi h las segmen longe han b oad, sho e han penul ima e. An ennae
wi h scape sho , ing-shaped, and bulbous pedicel.
THo ax. P ono um sub iangula , p ojec ing an e io ly in blun igh angle, abou 0.63 × as long in
midline, as mesono um; smoo h wi h an e io ma gin ca ina e and pai o imp essed poin s on each side
o pale obsole e median ca ina; la e al ields wi h ube cles, e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al lobes
wi h ube cles along ex e nal ma gin, and wi h pos e o en al angle ounded. Mesono um sub iangula
wi h pos e ola e al ma gins sligh ly incu ed and weakly ca ina e, smoo h, weakly con ex wi h dis inc
median and subla e al ca inae; shallow dep ession be o e scu ellum.
Tegmina. Dis inc ly con ex, elonga e, abou 2.2 × as long as wide, wi h longi udinal eins ele a ed;
cos al ma gin e enly ounded; apical ma gin ounded; dis inc bu weak la e al hump including ein
ScP+RA a ound basal ¼, no hiding cos al ma gin in do sal aspec ; cos al ma gin hidden by ein RP in
dis al 0.3, in do sal iew; dis inc bu na ow epipleu on; cla us closed, eaching abou 4/5 o egmen
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
99
leng h. Vena ion: ScP+R a he sho ; ScP+RA long, eaching ex e nal ma gin o egmen a ound dis al
1/5 o egmen leng h; RP un o ked, long and weakly cu ed; i s o k o MP sligh ly a e 2/5 o egmen
leng h, MP1 wi h wo o h ee e minales; i s o k o CuA sligh ly mo e dis al o MP o k; Pcu and
A1 used sligh ly beyond hal leng h o cla us, Pcu+A1 eaching apex o cla us; c oss- eins nume ous.
H
ind
wings
. Well de eloped, wi h h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h; mos ly
blackish b own. Vena ion: ScP+R and CuA u ca e; MP simple, sinua e; second b anch o CuA used
dis ally wi h CuP; Pcu and A1 used on basal hal , Pcu un o ked and A2 simple; one ans e se ein
be ween second b anch o ScP+R and MP, and be ween MP and i s b anch o CuA.
legs. Mode a ely elonga e, slende , wi h p o- and meso emo a and p o- and meso ibiae sligh ly
la ened do so en ally, ibiae mo e slende han co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o-
and meso emo a wi h ow o minu e ee h; p o- and meso a si a he elonga e. Me a ibiae wi h wo
la e al spines in dis al hal and six apical spines. Me a a si a he sho wi h i s segmen abou as
long as combined leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and se en
in e media e spines a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 6 / 9 / 2.
male Te minalia. Pygo e sho , abou 2.3 × as high as long a midheigh in la e al iew, wi h pos e io
ma gin o ming dis inc , e enly ounded lobe in la e al iew; in caudal iew subo al, abou 1.3 × as high
as wide. Gonos yli a he massi e, dis inc ly con ex, wi h an e odo sal ma gin gene ally oblique, wi h
capi ulum elonga e, s ongly p ojec ing an e odo sad and wi h poo ly dis inc neck, digi i o m and cu ed
in la e al iew, and b oadly alca e in caudal iew, wi h dis inc la e al oo h. Anal ube elonga e and
a he wide, do so en ally la ened, obo al / sub ec angula , apically unca e in do sal iew, wi h anal
opening a ound basal ⅓; in la e al iew, mo e o less s aigh . Aedeagus symme ical, dis inc ly cu ed
pos e odo sad in la e al iew. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium a he long, lamina e and spa ula e. Do sal lobe
o pe iand ium wi h apex dis inc ly acumina e and wi h a pai o s ong la e odo sal p ocesses a ising in
p oximal po ion. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o) sligh ly su passing do sal and en al lobes o pe iand ium,
bi id on mos leng h, wi h a pai o elonga e, cu ed, la e o en al p ocesses wi hou pos e io hook,
a ising a abou ⅔ o aedeagus leng h. Connec i e well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, s aigh in
la e al iew, ec iduc us well de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and a he wide an e io
o amen.
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince.
Species included
Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no .
Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no .
u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:ac :3FCF3430-6202-4256-A68C-F841B6E8D7D0
Figs 49–52
Diagnosis
Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no . is he only species in he genus Re i ima gen. no . The cha ac e s
o he male e minalia a e p obably ele an diagnos ic ea u es o ecognize he species, e.g., he
sub ec angula anal ube in do sal iew, he shape o he gonos yli, including he capi ulum in la e al
and caudal iew and, he shape o he do sal and en al lobes o he pe iand ium, he size and shape
(cu a u e) o he la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus (Figs 51, 52A–J).
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
100
Di e en ial diagnosis
The mos simila species belong o he gene a Caimocus gen. no ., Duplexissus Wang, Zhang &
Bou goin, 2019, Eusa ima Yang, 1994, Jaganna a Dis an , 1906, Lobosa ima gen. no . and Pa asa ima
Yang, 1994, which can be sepa a ed by he cha ac e s gi en o he genus Re i ima gen. no .
E ymology
The species epi he ‘angula us’ is a La in adjec i e meaning ‘angula ’, and i e e s o he shape o he
la e o en al p ocesses o he aedeagus.
Type ma e ial
Holo ype
VIETNAM • 1 ♂; Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, [16°11′45″ N, 107°50′51″ E];
1158 m a.s.l.; 27 May 2023; T.T.H. Nguyen leg.; Rhodo[dend on] ail; VNMN.
Pa a ypes
VIETNAM – Thiên-Huế P o ince • 1 ♂; same da a as o holo ype; VNMN • 1 ♂; Bach Ma Na ional
Pa k; 16°11′18″ N, 107°50′56″ E; 1300–1400 m a.s.l.; 11–21 May 2023; J. Cons an and L. Seme a o
leg.; summi ; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♀; Bach Ma Na ional Pa k; 16°12′ N, 107°52′E; 15–16 Jul. 2011;
J. Cons an and J. B esseel leg.; summi , day [ ime] collec ing; I.G.: 31.933; RBINS.
Desc ip ion
measu emenTs and aTios. LT: ♂ (n = 1): 6.0 mm; LT/BB = 1.85; LTg/BTg = 2.23; LW/BW = 1.23; BV/
LV = 1.69; LF/BF = 0.93.
Head (Fig. 49A–E). Ve ex b own, pale in pos e io angles, median line, and along ma gins; 1.7 × as
wide as long in midline, weakly conca e wi h weak median ca ina; an e io ma gin o ming widely
ob use angle, pos e io one a he deeply conca e; all ma gins ca ina e. F ons yellowish b own wi h
dense yellow pi ing, sligh ly pale in en al po ion, mode a ely con ex, na owly isible om abo e,
nea ly 1.1 × as wide as long in midline, somewha ugulose wi h dis inc comple e median ca ina
ex ending down o basal po ion o clypeus whe e i b oadens in o sho median hump; pe idiscal ca ina
nea ly comple e bu no eaching on oclypeal su u e; yellowish obsole e ube cles be ween pe idiscal
ca ina and la e al ma gin; maximum b ead h sligh ly unde le el o an ennae; do sal ma gin nea ly
s aigh wi h angles weakly ele a ed. Genae yellow, washed wi h b own a ound an e o en al angle;
an e o en al angle sligh ly p ojec ing an e iad. Ocelli p esen , unde eye. Clypeus yellowish b own
(sligh ly pale han ons), da ke owa ds apex; iangula , con ex, smoo h (wi hou pi ing), no keeled
o ca ina e. Labium wi h las segmen longe han b oad, sho e han penul ima e. An ennae wi h scape
yellowish b own, sho , ing-shaped, and pedicel bulbous, black wi h pos e o-apical yellowish ma king.
THo ax (Fig. 49A, C–E). P ono um da k b own wi h mo e o less dis inc ans e se yellowish band
in middle; sub iangula , p ojec ing an e io ly in blun igh angle, abou 0.63 × as long in midline, as
mesono um; smoo h wi h an e io ma gin ca ina e and pai o imp essed poin s on each side o pale
obsole e median ca ina; la e al ields wi h yellowish ube cles, e y na ow behind eyes; pa ano al
lobes yellowish b own wi h da ke ma king behind eye, and yellowish ube cles along ex e nal ma gin;
pos e o en al angle ounded. Mesono um b own, somewha da ke in la e al angles, and wi h pale
scu ellum; sub iangula wi h pos e ola e al ma gins sligh ly incu ed and weakly ca ina e, smoo h,
weakly con ex wi h dis inc median and subla e al ca inae; shallow dep ession be o e scu ellum.
Tegmina (Figs 49a–d, 50a–B). Ra he da k b own wi h main eins sligh ly pale and ele a ed; cos al
ma gin on mos leng h and dense ne wo k o c oss- eins pale yellowish; dis inc bu na ow epipleu on;
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
101
Fig. 49. Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no ., dissec ed pa a ype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Habi us, do sal
iew. B. Habi us, en al iew. C. Habi us, la e al iew. D. Habi us, an e ola e al iew. E. Habi us,
pe pendicula iew o ons. F. Righ hind wing.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
102
dis inc ly con ex, elonga e, abou 2.2 × as long as wide,; cos al ma gin e enly ounded; apical ma gin
ounded; dis inc bu weak la e al hump including ein ScP+RA a ound basal ¼, no hiding cos al ma gin
in do sal aspec ; cos al ma gin hidden by ein RP in dis al 0.3, in do sal iew; cla us closed, eaching
abou 4/5 o egmen leng h. Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
Hind wings (Fig. 49F). Blackish b own wi h pale a ea basally be ween ScP+R and CuA and along
ma gin o A2 lobe; well de eloped, wi h h ee dis inc lobes (Sa imini ype) mo e o less equal in wid h.
Vena ion as in genus desc ip ion.
Fig. 50. Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no ., pa a ype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Righ egmen, pe pendicula iew.
B. Righ egmen, en al iew. C. Righ ibia and a sus, en al iew. D. Dis al po ion o igh ibia and
a sus, en al iew. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
103
Fig. 51. Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no ., holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), e minalia. A–D. Pygo e , anal ube and
gonos yli. A. Le la e al iew. B. Pos e ola e al iew. C. Caudal iew. D. Do sal iew. E–L. Aedeagus.
E. An e odo sal iew. F. Do sal iew. G. Pos e o en al iew. H. Le la e al iew. I. Le la e odo sal
iew. J. Le la e o en al iew. K. Pos e ola e al iew. L. Ven al iew. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial
and me hods.
Eu opean Jou nal o Taxonomy 1025: 1–109 (2025)
104
legs (Figs 49a–e, 50C–d). Yellowish b own wi h na ow apical ma king on p o- and meso ibiae, en al
line on me a emo a and all onychiums, da k b own; all spines o hind legs black apically; mode a ely
elonga e, slende , wi h p o- and meso emo a and p o- and meso ibiae sligh ly la ened do so en ally,
ibiae mo e slende han co esponding emo a; pos e o en al ma gin o p o- and meso emo a wi h ow
Fig. 52. Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no . A–J. Holo ype, ♂ (VNMN), aedeagus. A–F. Pe iand ium.
A. Do sal iew. B. An e odo sal iew. C. Ven al iew. D. Pos e o en al iew. E. Le la e al iew.
F. Pos e ola e al iew. G–J. Aedeagus s. s . G. Do sal iew. H. Ven al iew I. Pos e o en al iew.
J. Le la e al iew. K. Dis ibu ion map. Abb e ia ions: see Ma e ial and me hods.
CONSTANT J. & PHAM H.T., Issidae o Bach Ma and Phong Dien: (III) Sa imini (Fulgo omo pha)
105
o minu e ee h (sligh ly da ke ); p o- and meso a si a he elonga e. Me a ibiae wi h wo la e al spines
in dis al hal and six apical spines. Me a a si a he sho wi h i s segmen abou as long as combined
leng h o emaining segmen s. Fi s me a a some e wi h wo la e o-apical and se en in e media e spines
a anged in a c. Me a ibio a sal o mula: (2) 6 / 9 / 2.
male Te minalia (Figs 51–52). Pygo e (Py – Fig. 51A–D) sho , abou 2.3 × as high as long a
midheigh in la e al iew, wi h pos e io ma gin o ming dis inc , e enly ounded lobe, and an e io
ma gin incu ed in la e al iew; in caudal iew subo al, abou 1.3 × as high as wide, wides in en al
po ion. Gonos yli (G – Fig. 51A–D) a he massi e, dis inc ly con ex, wi h an e odo sal ma gin weakly
ounded, gene ally oblique, wi h capi ulum elonga e, s ongly p ojec ing an e odo sad and wi h poo ly
dis inc neck, digi i o m, na ow and cu ed in la e al iew, and b oadly alca e wi h ounded apex in
caudal iew, wi h dis inc la e al oo h cu ed la e o en ad. Anal ube (An – Fig. 51A–D) elonga e
and a he wide, abou 2.3 × as long in midline, as wide; do so en ally la ened, obo al wi h sides
subpa allel, basally widening o anal opening a ound basal ⅓ and apically unca e (ma gin sligh ly
incu ed) in do sal iew; in la e al iew, mo e o less s aigh , weakly sinua e. Aedeagus (ae – Fig. 51E–
L) symme ical, dis inc ly, e enly cu ed pos e odo sad in la e al iew. Ven al lobe o pe iand ium ( l –
Figs 51GL, 52A–F) a he long, wide in basal po ion hen ape ing o abou midleng h, u he widening,
lamina e and spa ula e in dis al po ion wi h apical ma gin ounded. Do sal lobe o pe iand ium (dl
– Figs 51E–F, H–K, 52A–B, E–F) wi h apex dis inc ly acumina e and wi h a pai o s ong, elonga e,
apically poin ed la e odo sal p ocesses o pe iand ium (ldp – Figs 51H–L, 52A–F) a ising in p oximal
po ion and di ec ed pos e odo sad. Aedeagus (sensu s ic o ae – Figs 51E–F, H–L, 52G–J) sligh ly
su passing do sal and en al lobes o pe iand ium, bi id on mos leng h, wi h la e al ma gin oundly
ape ing owa ds somewha muc ona e apex; do sally, inne ma gin sligh ly ele a ed in dis al po ion;
pai o elonga e, apically poin ed la e o en al p ocesses (l p – Figs 51G–L, 52G–J) wi hou pos e io
hook, a ising a abou ⅔ o aedeagus leng h and di ec ed cephalo en ad, sinua e o ab up igh angle,
esul ing in dis al hal o p ocesses ans e se and mo e o less ouching each o he . Connec i e (co –
Fig. 51H) well de eloped, co pus connec i e long, s aigh in la e al iew, ec iduc us ( e – Fig. 51H)
well de eloped, conical wi h an e o en al apodemes and a he wide an e io o amen.
Biology
Re i ima angula a gen. e sp. no . was collec ed in he mon hs o May and July a al i udes be ween 1150
and 1400 m a.s.l., in mois e e g een opical o es . The specimens we e si ing on small b anches and
lea es, on lowe ege a ion, bushes and ees. In Bach Ma Na ional Pa k, i was ound a he ollowing
collec ing si e/habi a (Cons an & Pham 2025a: ig. 2a): “summi ” (Cons an & Pham 2025a: igs 2a(5),
4b).
Dis ibu ion
Vie nam: Thừa Thiên-Huế P o ince, Bach Ma Na ional Pa k (Fig. 52K).
Discussion
The p esen s udy adds se en gene a (including i e gene a new o science) and ou een new species o
he Issidae ibe Sa imini, o he auna o Vie nam, which so a coun ed eigh species in se en gene a
in his ibe (Cons an & Pham 2024a, 2025b). As a esul , a o al o 22 species o Sa imini, in ou een
gene a a e now eco ded om his coun y. Compa ed o he o he ibes o Issidae, Sa imini was ound
o be he mos di e se in ou s udy a ea in Thua Thien-Hue P o ince, as compa ed wi h bo h o he
eco ded ibes Hemisphae iini and Pa ahi aciini coun ing each eigh species in i e gene a. Mo eo e ,
wo species only known om emale specimens we e no ea ed in his s udy, as i appea s ob ious ha
he male e minalia bea he key cha ac e s o species, and e en genus ecogni ion. One o hese species
