De li e al., 2025.
Ulusla a ası Sağlık, Egze siz e Spo Bilimle i De gisi, (2024)
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h,
Exe cise, and Spo Sciences
(IJOSS) ISSN: 3023-8382
RESEARCH ARTICLE / A aş ı ma Makalesi Open Access/Açık E işim
IJOSS
© The Au ho (s), 2024. Open Access.
This a icle is dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional License, which allows o un es ic ed use, sha ing,
adap a ion, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium o o ma , p o ided p ope c edi is gi en o he o iginal au ho (s) and he sou ce. A link
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In eg a ion o Physical Educa ion and Spo s wi h A i icial
In elligence: A Scien i ic Mapping S udy
Beden Eği imi e Spo un Yapay Zekâyla En eg asyonu: Bilimsel Ha i alandı ma Çalışması
Muhamme Emin De li1, Seda E den De li2, Şük an De li3*
Abs ac
This s udy aims o examine he academic de elopmen o a i icial in elligence (AI) echnologies
in he ield o physical educa ion and spo s sciences. A o al o 953 scien i ic publica ions
indexed in he Web o Science (WoS) da abase we e analyzed using bibliome ic me hods.
Using he Bibliome ix R package and VOS iewe so wa e, dimensions such as annual
publica ion ends, ci a ion coun s, keywo d e olu ion, hema ic p og ession and in e na ional
collabo a ion ne wo ks we e examined. Findings indica e ha he i s esea ch on his opic
eme ged in 1992. In ecen yea s, he e has been a signi ican inc ease in he use o concep s
such as a i icial in elligence, machine lea ning, i ual eali y, augmen ed eali y and he
me a e se. The annual g ow h a e o publica ions was calcula ed a 16.13%, e lec ing ising
academic in e es in he ield. Common keywo ds included physical ac i i y, heal h,
pe o mance, echnology, wi h g owing a en ion owa d demog aphic g oups such as child en
and adolescen s. AI-suppo ed sys ems o e a b oad ange o applica ions, om pe o mance
analysis o mo o skill aining. The inc eased use o digi al educa ion ools ollowing COVID-19
has accele a ed he in eg a ion o AI in o physical educa ion. This s udy highligh s he
deepening impac o AI on bo h educa ional and heal h aspec s o spo s sciences and p o ides
a ounda ion o u u e in e disciplina y esea ch
Keywo ds Physical Educa ion, Spo s, A i icial İn elligence.
ÖZ
Bu çalışma, yapay zekâ (YZ) eknolojile inin beden eği imi e spo bilimle i alanındaki akademik
gelişimini incelemeyi amaçlamak adı . Web o Science (WoS) e i abanında indekslenen oplam
953 bilimsel yayın, bibliyome ik analiz yön emle iyle değe lendi ilmiş i . Bibliome ix R pake i e
VOS iewe yazılımı kullanıla ak yıllık yayın eğilimle i, a ı sayıla ı, anah a kelime e imi, ema ik
gelişim sü eçle i e ulusla a ası iş bi liği ağla ı gibi çeşi li boyu la ay ın ılı biçimde analiz
edilmiş i . Bulgula , konuyla ilgili ilk a aş ı manın 1992 yılında yayımlandığını gös e mek edi . Son
yılla da yapay zekâ, makine öğ enmesi, sanal ge çeklik, a ı ılmış ge çeklik e me a e se gibi
ka amla ın kullanımında önemli bi a ış yaşandığı gözlemlenmiş i . Yıllık yayın a ış o anının
%16,13 ola ak hesaplanması, alana yönelik akademik ilginin gide ek a ığını o aya koymak adı .
Fiziksel ak i i e, sağlık, pe o mans e eknoloji en sık ka şılaşılan anah a kelimele a asında ye
almak a; çocukla e e genle gibi demog a ik g upla a yönelik çalışmala a ise a an bi ilgi
olduğu gö ülmek edi . YZ des ekli sis emle , pe o mans analizinden mo o bece i eği imine
kada geniş bi uygulama yelpazesi sunmak adı . COVID-19 son asında diji al eği im a açla ının
kullanımındaki a ış, beden eği imi alanında YZ en eg asyonunu hızlandı mış ı . Bu çalışma,
YZ’nin spo bilimle inde hem eği imsel hem de sağlık emelli e kile inin de inleş iğini o aya
koymak a e gelecek eki disiplinle a ası a aş ı mala için sağlam bi zemin sunmak adı .
Anah a Kelimele Beden Eği imi, Spo , Yapay Zekâ.
h ps://www.ijoss.o g/A chi e/issue2- olume2/ijoss-Volume2-issue2-28.pd
*Co espondence:
Şük an DERTLİ
suk ande [email protected]
1A a ü k Üni e si esi,
eminde li@a auni.edu. ,
O cid: 0000-0003-4309-6201
2A a ü k Üni e si esi,
sedae den@a auni.edu. ,
O cid: 0009-0007-2911-289X
3Baybu Üni e si esi,
suk ande [email protected],
O cid: 0000-0001-9901-534
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17683100
Recei ed / Gönde im: 04.05.2025
Accep ed / Kabul: 23.06.2025
Published / Yayın: 30.06.2025
Volume 2, Issue 2, June, 2025
Cil 2, Sayı 2, Hazi an, 2025
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 323 o 347
In oduc ion
Spo is a physical, men al and emo ional ac i i y ocused on main aining and imp o ing
human heal h (Akdağ and Tü kmen, 2023; Ulusoy e al., 2019). In his con ex , acco ding
o Özel and Tü kmen (2023), spo eme ges as an impo an socio-cul u al
phenomenon, aking on a ious unc ions such as heal h, en e ainmen , happiness,
p o i and pleasu e and shaping based on he p inciples o pe o mance and social alues.
In oday’s wo ld, spo plays a signi ican ole in he p og ess o na ions (Aydın and
Ku udi ek, 2025). Pa icula ly, wi h he de elopmen o echnology, signi ican
ans o ma ions a e occu ing in he ield o spo s (Çakı e al., 2023; Uluca e al., 2024;
Çakı & Ça ıkkaş, 2025). While echnological ad ancemen s make li e easie by educing
he in ensi y o daily ac i i ies, hey also inc ease he numbe o seden a y indi iduals in
he long un, which nega i ely impac s physical heal h. Especially, as mode n socie y
inc easingly engages in i ual shopping and limi s i s daily mo emen s, a seden a y
li es yle is being p omo ed, necessi a ing he de elopmen o new s a egies in he ields
o physical educa ion and spo (Kul and Aydemi , 2024; Bozkuş e al., 2023; Coşkun ü k
e al., 2023). In his con ex , a i icial in elligence (AI) echnologies p o ide solu ions
agains seden a y li es yles, leading o signi ican changes in he heal h and spo s ields
and making physical ac i i ies mo e e icien , hus enabling spo o each b oade
audiences (Yılmaz, 2023; Güzel & Yaman, 2025). In his con ex , A i icial In elligence
(AI) has become a echnology ha leads o signi ican changes and de elopmen s in
a ious ields such as heal h, inance, educa ion, en e ainmen , physical educa ion and
spo s (). AI aims o design machines capable o pe o ming human-like cogni i e
unc ions and hese sys ems ha e he abili y o simula e human hough p ocesses,
language use and p oblem-sol ing abili ies wi h high accu acy (Alam e al., 2023).
Thanks o hese cha ac e is ics, AI can pe sonalize lea ning p ocesses in educa ion,
enhance s uden pa icipa ion and p o ide indi idualized eedback based on speci ic
needs (Esme and Yüksel, 2024; Tü kmen, 2023; Roll and Wylie, 2016). These
de elopmen s also highligh he po en ial o AI echnologies in eg a ed in o he ield o
physical educa ion and spo . I is essen ial o indi iduals in he ield o physical
educa ion, jus like hose in ol ed in p o essional educa ion, o possess ce ain
compe encies, as he mode n wo ld, shaped signi ican ly by hese echnologies, demands
such skills (Beka and Tü kmen, 2023).
Physical educa ion and spo s ha e signi ican impac s on indi iduals' physical
heal h and pe o mance and ecen academic s udies in his ield ha e shown an
inc easing ocus on he in eg a ion o a i icial in elligence (AI) and echnology (Aydın
and Aydın, 2024a). AI-suppo ed sys ems pe sonalize a hle es' aining p ocesses while
also enabling in-dep h analyses in c i ical a eas such as pe o mance analysis, p e- and
pos -inju y eco e y p ocesses (Esme , 2025; Aydın and Aydın, 2024b). Jus as in
educa ion, AI is making lea ning p ocesses, aining and pe o mance in spo s mo e
pe sonalized, hus inc easing e iciency. Almusawi e al. (2021) no ed ha wi h he help
o echnology, indi idual eedback and guidance can be p o ided o s uden s, allowing
eache s o be e unde s and he indi idual lea ning si ua ions o hei s uden s. This
c ea es new oppo uni ies in physical educa ion, especially wi h applica ions like AI-
based mo o skill lea ning sys ems, which enhance he po en ial in his ield (Ö ücü and
Selek, 2020; Wang, 2021; Yu and Qi, 2018). AI is inc easingly used in educa ion, o e ing
eal- ime assessmen s, pe sonalized eedback and guidance o s uden s, while also
p o iding a ious oppo uni ies o add ess indi idual lea ning di icul ies (Lin e al.,
2023; Dee a e al., 2021; Lee and Lee, 2021). The adap a ion o his app oach o he ield
o physical educa ion ypically occu s h ough sys ems based on he analysis o skele al
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 324 o 347
s uc u e, u ilizing echnologies like OpenPose o skele on de ec ion (Hsia e al., 2025;
Lin e al., 2023; Su and Feng, 2022; Jain e al., 2021). In ecen yea s, he e has been an
inc ease in academic s udies ega ding he in eg a ion o AI in physical educa ion and
spo s (Uluca e al., 2024; Çakı e al., 2024; Çakı e al., 2023). These s udies ocus on
he de elopmen o AI-based sys ems in a eas such as spo s analy ics, pe sonalized
aining p og ams and eal- ime pe o mance acking (Zhao e al., 2025; Ghosh e al.,
2023; Aydın and Aydın, 2024c). Machine lea ning algo i hms, compu e ision and
wea able echnologies a e jus a ew examples o AI-suppo ed ools ha a e
e olu ionizing a hle es' aining, compe i ion and eco e y p ocesses. These
inno a ions no only enhance a hle ic pe o mance bu also p omise o make physical
educa ion p og ams mo e indi idualized and adap able, hus inc easing hei
e ec i eness (Chidamba am e al., 2022; Jiang, 2024).
In o de o u ilize AI mo e e ec i ely in physical educa ion and spo s sciences, i is
impo an o unde s and he de elopmen s in his ield and e alua e he ends in he
li e a u e. In his con ex , he aim o his s udy is o examine scien i ic publica ions on
a i icial in elligence (AI) and physical educa ion/spo s sciences h ough bibliome ic
analysis, e ealing he publica ion ends, keywo ds, hema ic de elopmen s,
geog aphical dis ibu ions and collabo a ions in his ield. The s udy aims o p o ide
signi ican indings ega ding he in eg a ion o AI in o physical educa ion and spo s
sciences. In his con ex , he main esea ch ques ions ha he s udy seeks o answe a e
as ollows:
How has he de elopmen o AI in physical educa ion and spo s sciences
p og essed o e ime, as indica ed by empo al p oduc ion and ci a ion
analysis?
Wha hema ic ela ionships and e olu ions a e obse ed be ween he key
concep s o AI and physical educa ion/spo s h ough wo d and
concep ual analysis?
Wha a e he le els o collabo a ion and geog aphical dis ibu ions
ega ding he in eg a ion o AI in physical educa ion and spo s sciences?
How ha e AI-suppo ed eaching and applica ion app oaches in physical
educa ion and spo s li e a u e changed o e ime?
Th ough hese ques ions, he esea ch aims o analyze he dynamics o
de elopmen s in he li e a u e and o de elop a deepe unde s anding o scien i ic
ends, collabo a ion ne wo ks and concep ual hemes in his ield. This s udy is o g ea
impo ance o be e unde s anding he po en ial o AI in physical educa ion and spo s
sciences and o p o iding di ec ion o u u e esea ch.
Ma e yal and Me hod
Resea ch Model
This esea ch aims o analyze he in eg a ion o a i icial in elligence (AI) in o he ield
o physical educa ion and spo s sciences h ough bibliome ic me hods. Bibliome ic
analysis and bibliome ic mapping a e esea ch me hods ha use s a is ical ools and
ma hema ical echniques o quan i a i ely assess scien i ic publica ions. This p ocess
in ol es he sys ema ic analysis and e alua ion o publica ions based on speci ic
pa ame e s such as publica ion yea , keywo ds, coun ies and o he a iables (Özkan e
al., 2025). In his s udy, he analysis o scien i ic publica ion ends has been conduc ed
in empo al, hema ic and geog aphical dimensions.
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 325 o 347
Uni e se and Sample
The uni e se o he esea ch consis s o all academic s udies on he hemes o physical
educa ion and a i icial in elligence published be ween 1992-2025 in he Web o Science
(WoS) da abase. The sample consis s o he ollowing keywo ds in he “Topic Sea ch
(TS)” ield o WoS. (Ts=(physical educa ion OR physical educa ion and spo *)) AND
Ts=(AI OR a i icial in elligence*). As a esul o his sea ch, a o al o 953 academic
s udies we e eached. Figu e 1 shows he ad anced sea ch sc eensho o WoS.
Figu e 1: WoS Ad anced Scanning Sc eensho .
Da a Collec ion Tools
As in he s udy o Yılmaz (2024), wo di e en so wa e ools we e used in he analysis
o he da a: he Bibliome ix R package and VOS iewe .
Da a Analysis
Wi hin he scope o bibliome ic analysis, a ious e alua ions ha e been made h ough
he ollowing g aphs, ables and maps ac oss di e en dimensions:
Tempo al p oduc ion and ci a ion analyses:
Main ın o ma ion
Annual scien i ic p oduc ion
A e age ci a ions pe yea
F equency o abs ac s o e ime
F equency o i les o e ime
F equency o au ho ’s keywo ds o e ime
F equency o keywo ds plus o e ime
Wo d and concep ual analyses:
Common wo ds
Keywo ds plus wo d cloud
Au ho keywo ds wo d cloud
Mds analysis o keywo ds plus
Mds analysis o au ho keywo ds
Mds analysis o i les
Mds analysis o abs ac s
Thema ic e olu ion o abs ac s
Thema ic e olu ion o keywo ds
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 326 o 347
Collabo a ion and geog aphical dis ibu ion:
Coun ies o co-au ho s
P oduc ion o coun ies o e ime
Coun ies collabo a ion wo ld map
Findings
In his sec ion, he indings ob ained wi hin he scope o he s udy a e p esen ed.
Findings Rega ding Key In o ma ion
The end o inc easing publica ions on he heme o a i icial in elligence and spo s has
shown a no iceable ise since he ea ly 2000s. Pa icula ly a e 2018, a signi ican
momen um in he olume o publica ions has been obse ed. This end is p esen ed in
de ail in Figu e 2, which shows he dis ibu ion o he numbe o publica ions o e he
yea s
Figu e 2: Main In o ma ion.
In Figu e 2, he bibliome ic analysis s udy on he in eg a ion o a i icial
in elligence in he ield o physical educa ion and spo s examines publica ions be ween
1992 and 2025. The i s s udy on he in eg a ion o a i icial in elligence in he ield o
physical educa ion and spo s was published in 1992 and a o al o 953 documen s ha e
been analyzed om his da e un il 2025. These documen s we e ob ained om 636
di e en sou ces. This indica es ha he li e a u e co e ed in he s udy is as and
di e se, d awing om nume ous sou ces. The annual g ow h a e o he analyzed
documen s was calcula ed o be 16.13%. This a e demons a es ha AI-based s udies in
he ield o physical educa ion and spo s ha e been published wi h an inc easing
momen um o e he yea s. This ise is no ewo hy as i e lec s he g owing impac o
echnological ad ancemen s on spo s sciences and he shi in academic in e es owa d
his di ec ion. The a e age age o he analyzed documen s was de e mined o be 3.45
yea s. This da a sugges s ha he publica ions in he ield a e ela i ely ecen and ha
he opic is being add essed wi h inc easing in e es oday. Each documen ecei ed an
a e age o 12.88 ci a ions, which indica es ha he s udies in he li e a u e ha e a
signi ican scien i ic impac . Addi ionally, a o al o 43,122 e e ences we e used ac oss
all documen s. This high numbe o e e ences demons a es he dep h o he li e a u e
s udied and he academic ounda ion o he esea ch. When he con en s o he
documen s we e examined, i was ound ha he numbe o Keywo ds Plus (ID) used
was 1,340 and he numbe o Au ho Keywo ds (DE) was 3,020. This indica es he
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 327 o 347
concep ual di e si y o he li e a u e and shows ha esea che s a e app oaching he
opic om di e en pe spec i es. The high densi y o keywo ds e eals ha he ield is
open o in e disciplina y s udies and ha a i icial in elligence and spo s sciences a e
being in eg a ed in a ious con ex s
Findings Rega ding Annual Scien i ic P oduc ion
The dis ibu ion o publica ions by yea is p esen ed in Figu e 3, which clea ly illus a es
he annual scien i ic p oduc ion end and highligh s he apid inc ease in ecen yea s.
Figu e 3: Annual Scien i ic P oduc ion.
As shown in Figu e 3, he scien i ic p oduc ion ela ed o he in eg a ion o a i icial
in elligence in he ield o physical educa ion and spo s be ween 1992 and 2025 has
exhibi ed a no able inc ease o e he yea s. In he ea ly yea s, pa icula ly in he 1990s
and he ea ly 2000s, he numbe o publica ions emained qui e limi ed, wi h some yea s,
such as be ween 1993 and 2001, ha ing no publica ions a all. In yea s like 1992, 1996
and 1997, only a ew a icles we e published. Howe e , om he mid-2000s onwa d, an
inc easing end in he numbe o publica ions was obse ed. By 2016, he e was a apid
ise in he numbe o publica ions in he ield o a i icial in elligence and spo s sciences.
Signi ican g ow h was eco ded in 2021 and 2022, wi h 96 a icles published in 2021 and
130 in 2022. By 2024, he annual numbe o publica ions eached 256. This apid inc ease
demons a es ha AI-based esea ch in spo s sciences is gaining mo e impo ance and
ha academic in e es is shi ing owa d his a ea. Addi ionally, he impac o
echnological ad ancemen s on spo s sciences and he g owing in luence o scien i ic
wo k in his ield a e clea ly e iden .
Findings Rega ding A e age Ci a ions Pe Yea
Figu e 4 p esen s he indings ega ding he annual changes in he a e age numbe o
ci a ions pe yea .
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 328 o 347
Figu e 4: A e age Ci a ions Pe Yea .
As shown in Figu e 4, an analysis o he annual a e age ci a ion coun s o
publica ions ela ed o he in eg a ion o a i icial in elligence and physical educa ion
and spo s be ween 1992 and 2025 e eals no iceable luc ua ions o e he yea s. In 1992,
a single a icle published ecei ed an a e age o 1 ci a ion pe yea , while in 1996, one
a icle ecei ed 64 ci a ions, signi ican ly inc easing he a e age ci a ion coun . In 2000,
wo a icles we e published, each ecei ing an a e age o 282 ci a ions, ma king a no able
ise. Howe e , be ween 2002 and 2004, he a e age ci a ion coun s emained a ound 50
and be ween 2006 and 2009, a icles gene ally ecei ed an a e age o abou 20 ci a ions
pe yea . A e 2016, pa icula ly up o 2020, ci a ion coun s saw an inc ease. In 2020, 44
a icles ecei ed an a e age o 9.23 ci a ions pe yea and in 2021 and 2022, he a e age
ci a ion coun s a ied be ween 14 and 9. By 2024, a o al o 256 a icles we e published,
wi h an a e age o 1.58 ci a ions pe a icle and by 2025, ci a ion coun s began o
dec ease again. These gene al inc eases and dec eases indica e ha scien i ic
engagemen in he ield o a i icial in elligence and spo s has occu ed a a ying speeds
o e ime, wi h a signi ican ise in a en ion o he li e a u e in ecen yea s.
Findings Rega ding Web o Science Index
Table 1 p esen s he indings ela ed o he Web o Science Index.
Table 1: Web o Science Index
Web o Science Index n
Science Ci a ion Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) 484
Social Sciences Ci a ion Index (SSCI) 228
Eme ging Sou ces Ci a ion Index (ESCI) 213
Con e ence P oceedings Ci a ion Index – Science (CPCI-S) 141
Con e ence P oceedings Ci a ion Index
–
Social Science & Humani ies (CPCI
-
SSH) 45
A s & Humani ies Ci a ion Index (A&HCI) 9
Book Ci a ion Index – Science (BKCI-S) 8
Book Ci a ion Index – Social Sciences & Humani ies (BKCI-SSH) 7
Table 1 e eals ha s udies on he in eg a ion o a i icial in elligence in he ield o
physical educa ion and spo s span a b oad academic spec um. A signi ican po ion o
hese s udies a e indexed in he SCI-EXPANDED, wi h a o al o 484 publica ions
a ailable h ough his index. O he majo indexes include he SSCI and he ESCI, wi h
228 and 213 s udies indexed, espec i ely. Addi ionally, many s udies a e indexed in
mul iple da abases. Fu he mo e, 141 s udies a e published in he CPCI-S and 45 s udies
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 329 o 347
a e included in he CPCI-SSH. Fewe s udies a e indexed in o he da abases: 9 s udies in
he A&HCI, 8 in he BKCI-S and 7 in he BBKCI-SSH. These indings clea ly show ha
esea ch on a i icial in elligence and i s in eg a ion in o spo s spans a wide ange o
scien i ic, social sciences and o he mul idisciplina y ields. They also demons a e ha
hese s udies ha e been published ac oss a ious academic sou ces. Mo eo e , he ac
ha hese wo ks appea in mul iple indexes indica es he b ead h and in e disciplina y
na u e o esea ch in his ield.
Findings Rega ding Common Wo ds
Figu e 5 p esen s he indings ela ed o he common wo ds.
Figu e 5: Common Wo ds.
Acco ding o he analysis esul s p esen ed in Figu e 5, he mos equen ly used
e ms in s udies on he in eg a ion o a i icial in elligence in he ield o physical
educa ion and spo s include a i icial in elligence, educa ion, machine lea ning, physical
educa ion, me a e se, deep lea ning, i ual eali y and augmen ed eali y. This inding
demons a es ha he ield is s ongly in eg a ed wi h echnology and ha he impac o
AI-based sys ems on educa ional and eaching p ocesses is s eadily inc easing.
Addi ionally, mode n AI me hods such as machine lea ning and deep lea ning a e
commonly used in applica ions wi hin spo s sciences and educa ion. Technologies like
i ual eali y and augmen ed eali y a e expec ed o play a signi ican ole in spo s
educa ion and aining p ocesses. Fu he mo e, he ise o he me a e se concep
indica es he apid digi al ans o ma ion o he ields o spo s and educa ion, sugges ing
ha hese echnologies will occupy an impo an place in he u u e o physical educa ion
and spo s.
Findings Rega ding Wo d’s F equency o e Time
Figu e 6 p esen s he indings ela ed o he equency o keywo ds o e ime, as
indica ed by he keywo ds plus.
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 330 o 347
Figu e 6: The F equency o Keywo ds Plus o e Time.
In he analysis o keywo ds in s udies on he in eg a ion o a i icial in elligence in
he ield o physical educa ion and spo s, as shown in Figu e 6, i is obse ed ha
esea ch in his ield has inc easingly ocused on opics such as echnology and physical
ac i i y, pa icula ly in ecen yea s. Be ween 1996 and 2025, he mos equen ly
encoun e ed keywo ds included physical ac i i y, heal h, pe o mance and echnology.
In 1996, he e was only one occu ence o he e m physical ac i i y, bu by 2025, he
e m had been used 1,261 imes. The e m heal h appea ed 1,050 imes, pe o mance
800 imes and echnology 950 imes. These da a indica e ha he impac o AI
applica ions on physical ac i i y and pe o mance has inc eased and he use o
echnology in his ield has become mo e p ominen . Keywo ds such as i ual eali y
and simula ion, which ha e gained signi ican a en ion in ecen yea s, a e pa icula ly
no ewo hy. A e 2020, he usage o hese e ms ose conside ably, wi h i ual eali y
being used 350 imes and simula ion 400 imes. This sugges s ha AI and echnology a e
inc easingly being combined wi h expe imen al and i ual applica ions in spo s science
and mo e esea ch is being conduc ed on isk ac o s in his con ex . Addi ionally, he
e m isk ac o s being used 500 imes shows ha his concep is gaining mo e
p ominence in he li e a u e and ha heal h isks ela ed o spo s a e becoming a key
ocus. An inc ease in he use o keywo ds ela ed o demog aphic g oups, such as
child en and adolescen s, has also been obse ed. The e m child en, used 450 imes,
e lec s he ise in s udies examining he impac o AI on young indi iduals. These
indings indica e ha he in eg a ion o AI in spo s is becoming a mo e
mul idisciplina y ield, gaining inc easing in e es and sugges s ha u u e esea ch will
del e deepe in o his opic.
Figu e 7 p esen s he indings ela ed o he equency o keywo ds o e ime, as
indica ed by he au ho ’s keywo ds.
Figu e 7: The F equency o Au ho ’s Keywo ds o e Time.
The analysis o he equency o au ho keywo ds o e he yea s, as shown in Figu e
7, e eals ha a i icial in elligence and ela ed echnologies a e inc easingly inding
hei place in ields such as physical educa ion, educa ion and spo s sciences. Be ween
1996 and 2025, he e was a signi ican inc ease in he equency o keywo ds such as
A i icial In elligence and Educa ion. This inc ease indica es ha academic esea ch in
hese a eas has been apidly g owing and he in eg a ion o echnologies in educa ion,
physical ac i i y and spo s has become mo e in ense. In pa icula , he equency o he
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 337 o 347
Figu e 14: Mul idimensional Scaling Analysis o Keywo ds Plus.
Figu e 14 p esen s he di e en hema ic clus e s in he li e a u e on he in eg a ion
o physical educa ion and spo s based on mul idimensional scaling (MDS) analysis
using keywo ds. The da a show ha keywo ds in his ield a e g ouped in o clus e s, wi h
each clus e e lec ing a speci ic heme. Among he mos equen ly encoun e ed
keywo ds in he ield o Physical Educa ion and Spo s a e e ms such as physical.ac i i y
(n=0.93), exe cise (n=0.96) and spo s (n=1.16), which a e concen a ed in clus e s 2 and
1. This indica es ha esea ch ela ed o physical ac i i y and spo s a e among he mos
impo an opics in he ield. While he e ms physical.ac i i y and exe cise a e di ec ly
ela ed o heal h and indi idual pe o mance, hey a e also connec ed o s udies
analyzing he biological and psychological e ec s o spo s. The psychological aspec s o
Physical Educa ion and Spo s a e e lec ed in keywo ds such as mo i a ion (n=-0.16),
beha io (n=1.13) and engagemen (n=-0.10). These e ms highligh esea ch ocused on
unde s anding he e ec s o spo s on human beha io and mo i a ions o engaging in
spo s and a e p ima ily g ouped in clus e s 1 and 2. These indings sugges he p esence
o an app oach ha aims o unde s and he impac o spo s on indi iduals' quali y o
li e. The heal h e ec s o spo s a e ano he ocal poin o he analysis. Keywo ds like
heal h (n=0.79), isk (n=0.78) and p e en ion (n=1.14) appea in clus e s 2 and 4. This
indica es ha esea ch on he heal h-imp o ing and disease p e en ing e ec s o
physical educa ion and spo s is p ominen . Pa icula ly, he e m heal h highligh s he
inc easing body o li e a u e emphasizing he posi i e heal h impac s o spo s and
conce ns ela ed o heal h a e a he o e on o s udies in his a ea. On he o he hand,
he social dimensions o spo s also hold signi ican impo ance. Keywo ds such as
child en (n=1.14) and adolescen s (n=1.20) clus e in clus e s 4 and 2. These keywo ds
ocus on s udies examining he impac o spo s on child en and adolescen s.
Adolescen s and child en ypically poin o esea ch on he in eg a ion o educa ion and
psychological de elopmen wi h spo s. Finally, keywo ds such as echnology (n=-0.27)
and i ual. eali y (n=-0.83) a e ound in clus e s 1 and 6. These e ms ep esen
inno a i e s udies in es iga ing he in eg a ion o echnology wi h physical educa ion
and spo s. Pa icula ly, esea ch on he impac o i ual eali y and digi al pla o ms on
enhancing indi iduals' spo s expe iences and mo i a ions has been apidly inc easing.
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 338 o 347
Figu e 15 p esen s he indings o he mul idimensional scaling analysis o au ho
keywo ds.
Figu e 15: Mul idimensional Scaling Analysis o Au ho Keywo ds.
In he mul idimensional scaling (MDS) analysis based on au ho keywo ds shown
in Figu e 15, a o al o n = 90 keywo ds we e examined and g ouped in o 8 clus e s.
Acco ding o he analysis esul s, Clus e 1 (n = 60), he la ges g oup, p ima ily includes
keywo ds ocused on a i icial in elligence, machine lea ning, educa ional echnologies
and digi al pedagogical applica ions. This clus e highligh s concep s such as a i icial
in elligence, educa ion, machine lea ning, physical educa ion, deep lea ning, co id-19,
echnology, obo ics, exe cise, spo s, e-lea ning, ein o cemen lea ning, inno a ion,
heal h educa ion, s ess, men al heal h and quali y o li e. I e lec s he in eg a ion o
physical educa ion and spo s wi h bo h heal . Clus e 2 (n = 4) includes e ms ela ed o
ad anced digi al sys ems and heal h echnologies such as me a e se, in e ne ,
elemedicine and heal hca e. This s uc u e demons a es he ela ionship be ween
physical educa ion and spo s and hemes such as digi aliza ion, i ual en i onmen s
and emo e heal h se ices. Clus e 3 (n = 9) ep esen s augmen ed and i ual eali y
echnologies and hei in eg a ion wi h spo s. I includes concep s like i ual eali y,
in e ne o hings, augmen ed eali y, mixed eali y, ex ended eali y, blockchain,
aining, collabo a ion and X6g. Clus e 4 (n = 5) includes communica ion, medical
educa ion, mheal h and digi al di ide, poin ing o digi al heal h se ices, mobile heal h
solu ions and issues o digi al inequali y. I also illus a es he po en ial o in eg a ing
AI-powe ed communica ion ools in o physical educa ion and spo s se ings. Clus e 5
(n = 3) is ela ed o echnologies capable o in e ac ing wi h use s, such as na u al
language p ocessing. This clus e includes na u al language p ocessing, emphasizing he
use o in e ac i e AI-based applica ions in lea ning p ocesses. Clus e 6 (n = 3) includes
digi al wins, i ual eali y and su eys, indica ing he con ibu ion o da a-d i en
simula ion sys ems and assessmen app oaches o spo s educa ion. Clus e 7 (n = 1)
con ains only he concep con e sa ional agen s. This clus e is ega ded as a unique
indica o o he applica ion o ad anced AI echnologies capable o na u al
communica ion wi h indi iduals in he ields o physical educa ion and heal h. Finally,
Clus e 8 (n = 1) includes only he keywo d medical se ices. This concep ep esen s a
dis inc emphasis on he di ec ela ionship be ween physical educa ion, spo s and
medical se ices.
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 339 o 347
Figu e 16 p esen s he indings o he mul idimensional scaling analysis o i les.
Figu e 16: Mul idimensional Scaling Analysis o Ti les.
In he mul idimensional scaling (MDS) analysis o i les p esen ed in Figu e 16, a
o al o n = 78 wo ds we e e alua ed and g ouped in o 8 clus e s. Acco ding o he
analysis, Clus e 1 (n = 15) b ings oge he e ms ocused on educa ion, a i icial
in elligence, heal h echnologies and digi al ans o ma ion. In his clus e , wo ds such
as educa ion, physical, a i icial, in elligence, aining, echnology, applica ion, esea ch,
i ual, medical, eali y, in eg a ion and in o ma ion s and ou . This s uc u e clea ly
e lec s he in eg a ion o physical educa ion and spo s wi h digi aliza ion p ocesses and
a i icial in elligence echnologies. Clus e 2 (n = 20) includes e ms ela ed o lea ning
p ocesses, s uden s, heal h, social ac o s and indi idual a iables. This clus e con ains
wo ds such as lea ning, s udy, ai, heal h, s uden s, de elopmen , ac i i y, social, machine,
ca e, pa ien s, diabe es, adul s, ac o s, language, su ey, school and Ame ican,
es ablishing a connec ion be ween physical educa ion and AI based indi idual heal h
analyses. Clus e 3 (n = 14) mainly includes opics ela ed o sys em design, ins uc ional
p ac ices and pe o mance. Consis ing o e ms such as based, eaching, sys em, spo s,
model, design, analysis, in elligen , da a, e alua ion, pe o mance, quali y, online and
college, his clus e p o ides insigh s in o he de elopmen o AI-suppo ed ins uc ional
applica ions in he ield o physical educa ion. Clus e 4 (n = 2) includes only he e ms
a icle and e ac ed. This clus e e e s o con en ela ed o he publica ion p ocess and
scien i ic in eg i y. Clus e 5 (n = 21) encompasses educa ional echnologies, a eas o
applica ion, sys ema ic app oaches and u u e pe spec i es. Wo ds such as e iew,
digi al, u u e, me a e se, educa ional, sys ems, challenges, indus y, app oach,
enginee ing, echnologies, ole, sma , sys ema ic, managemen , explo ing, applica ions,
impac , po en ial, amewo k and ends a e ga he ed in his clus e . This s uc u e is
impo an o unde s anding he di ec ion o u u e digi al de elopmen s in he ield o
physical educa ion. Clus e 6 (n = 2) includes ad anced AI a chi ec u es such as ne wo k
and neu al and ela es o he use o neu al ne wo ks and ne wo k based modeling in
spo s sciences. Clus e 7 (n = 1) consis s solely o he e m deep. The eme gence o deep
lea ning echniques as an independen clus e indica es ha his echnology may hold a
dis inc posi ion in physical educa ion and spo s applica ions. Finally, Clus e 8 (n = 1)
includes only he e m child en. The exis ence o his clus e shows ha s udies ocused
on child en a e conside ed an independen esea ch ocus, highligh ing ha child en a e
ea ed as a key a ge g oup in he ield o physical educa ion.
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 340 o 347
Figu e 17 p esen s he indings o he mul idimensional scaling analysis o abs ac s.
Figu e 17: Mul idimensional Scaling Analysis o Abs ac s.
As a esul o he mul idimensional scaling (MDS) analysis applied o he e ms
appea ing in he abs ac s in Figu e 17, a o al o n = 31 wo ds we e e alua ed and
g ouped in o 8 clus e s. Acco ding o he analysis esul s, Clus e 1 (n = 4) consis s o
undamen al concep s e lec ing physical educa ion and gene al educa ional p ac ices.
This clus e includes he wo ds educa ion, physical, esea ch and p o ide, indica ing ha
AI esea ch in he ield o physical educa ion o e s a ounda ional amewo k. Clus e 2
(n = 3) includes ai, heal h and including, demons a ing how a i icial in elligence
echnologies a e associa ed wi h heal h-o ien ed con en and how his in eg a ion is
e alua ed in physical educa ion p ac ices. Clus e 3 (n = 9) co e s educa ional
echnologies and AI componen s ocused on lea ning. The p esence o e ms such as
lea ning, s uden s, a i icial, in elligence, sys em, echnology, de elopmen , pape and
educa ional sugges s ha AI-based ins uc ional app oaches a e eme ging in he ields
o physical educa ion and spo s. Clus e 4 (n = 6) ocuses on esea ch me hods, da a-
d i en app oaches and esul s analysis. Comp ising he wo ds s udy, da a, aining,
esul s, analysis and me hods, his clus e highligh s he applied dimension o AI-
suppo ed spo s esea ch in he li e a u e. Clus e 5 (n = 1) includes only he e m
eaching. This clus e , which di ec ly emphasizes ins uc ional p ocesses, d aws
pa icula a en ion o he e ec s o digi aliza ion in physical educa ion eaching. Clus e
6 (n = 3) poin s o po en ial u u e de elopmen s and echnological oppo uni ies.
Including he e ms echnologies, po en ial and u u e, his s uc u e enables in e ences
o be made abou he long- e m impac s o a i icial in elligence in he ield o physical
educa ion. Clus e 7 (n = 2) ocuses on digi al ans o ma ion and sys em componen s.
Wi h he e ms digi al and sys ems, his clus e indica es he sys emic-le el in eg a ion
o digi aliza ion in educa ion. Finally, Clus e 8 (n = 2) consis s o he e ms model and
based. This clus e shows ha AI-suppo ed models a e undamen al building blocks in
physical educa ion esea ch and ha applica ions a e buil upon hese models
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 341 o 347
Findings Rega ding Coun ies o Co-Au ho s
Figu e 18 p esen s he indings o coun ies o co-au ho s
Figu e 18: Coun ies o Co-Au ho s.
Acco ding o he indings in Figu e 18, he majo i y o he co-au ho s in he s udies
on he in eg a ion o physical educa ion and spo wi h a i icial in elligence come om
ce ain coun ies. I is seen ha mos o he 249 co-au ho s in hese s udies a e om
China and 240 o hem a e om he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica (USA). O he p ominen
coun ies a e he Uni ed Kingdom (UK) wi h 57 au ho s, India wi h 44 au ho s, Sou h
Ko ea wi h 39 au ho s, Aus alia wi h 38 au ho s, Spain wi h 35 au ho s and Ge many
wi h 31 au ho s. In addi ion, i was obse ed ha 27 au ho s om Canada and Taiwan
each con ibu ed. These indings show ha a i icial in elligence esea ch in physical
educa ion and spo is sp eading globally and ha ce ain coun ies a e con ibu ing
mo e in his ield.
Findings Rega ding Coun ies P oduc ion o e Time
Figu e 19 p esen s he indings on he p oduc ion o coun ies o e ime.
Figu e 19: P oduc ion o Coun ies O e Time.
When examining he dis ibu ion o s udies on he in eg a ion o a i icial
in elligence in o physical educa ion and spo s ields by yea and coun y, as shown in
Figu e 19, a signi ican inc ease is obse ed bo h empo ally and geog aphically.
Especially a e 2020, academic ou pu in his ield has gained conside able momen um.
As o 2025, he Uni ed S a es has p oduced he highes numbe o s udies, wi h a o al o
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 342 o 347
645. I is ollowed by China wi h 612 s udies. These wo coun ies ha e solidi ied hei
leade ship in he ield by accoun ing o a subs an ial po ion o he o al publica ion
olume. The Uni ed S a es has shown a consis en upwa d end in p oduc ion o e he
yea s: 294 s udies in 2022, 347 in 2023, 542 in 2024 and 645 in 2025. Simila ly, China has
also exhibi ed a signi ican inc ease in ou pu , wi h 257 publica ions in 2022, ising o
356 in 2023, 517 in 2024 and 612 in 2025. In 2025, he Uni ed Kingdom anked hi d
wi h 116 s udies, ollowed by India (108), Spain (82), Aus alia (80), Sou h Ko ea (72)
and Ge many (67). These igu es indica e a g owing engagemen wi h a i icial
in elligence in disciplines ela ed o spo s and physical educa ion, sugges ing a global
expansion o scien i ic in e es in his a ea. When e alua ing he empo al dis ibu ion,
annual p oduc ion numbe s emained qui e limi ed be o e 2010. Fo example, he
Uni ed S a es p oduced only 53 s udies in 2010, which exempli ies his end.
Howe e , ollowing 2020, wi h he apid ad ancemen o AI echnologies, he e has been
a subs an ial inc ease in he olume o s udies in hese ields. The numbe o s udies in
he U.S. ose om 115 in 2016 o 645 in 2025 an almos six old inc ease. Coun ies ha
ha e seen a ise in ecen yea s include Singapo e (37 s udies in 2025), Mexico (33),
Belgium (31), I an (30) and F ance (63). The g owing numbe o s udies in hese na ions
indica es ha in e es in he ield is no limi ed o a ew key coun ies, bu is ins ead
sp eading ac oss a wide geog aphical a ea. O e all, he analysis esul s demons a e ha
scien i ic ou pu ela ed o he in eg a ion o a i icial in elligence in o physical
educa ion and spo s has signi ican ly inc eased o e he pas i e yea s. The Uni ed
S a es and China a e leading his g ow h. The in ensi ica ion o esea ch a he
in e na ional le el highligh s he s a egic impo ance o his opic wi hin he scien i ic
li e a u e.
Findings Rega ding Coun ies Collabo a ion Wo ld Map
Figu e 20 p esen s he indings ega ding he wo ld map o coun ies coope a ion.
Figu e 20: Coun ies Collabo a ion Wo ld Map.
Figu e 20 p esen s he s uc u e o mul ina ional esea ch ne wo ks based on a
wo ld map showing in e -coun y collabo a ions. The da a indica e ha collabo a ions
ha e been es ablished wi h a ying in ensi ies ac oss mo e han 100 coun ies. When
examining he nume ical dis ibu ion o hese collabo a ions, i is e iden ha ce ain
coun ies ha e become egional and global hubs. The coun y wi h he highes numbe
o collabo a ions is he Uni ed S a es. The U.S. has conduc ed equen join s udies wi h
China (n=20), he Uni ed Kingdom (n=14), Canada (n=9) and I aly (n=7). These
collabo a ions wi h a wide ange o coun ies demons a e ha he Uni ed S a es is a
global hub in e ms o esea ch ou pu . China has es ablished high-le el collabo a ions
wi h coun ies such as Sou h Ko ea (n=10), India (n=8), he Uni ed Kingdom (n=7) and
Malaysia (n=4). China's pa icula ly high- equency connec ions in he Asia-Paci ic
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 343 o 347
egion a e conside ed an indica o o egional esea ch in eg a ion. The Uni ed Kingdom
has main ained s ong collabo a ions wi h coun ies in Eu ope, while also es ablishing
connec ions wi h coun ies om di e en egions, including India, Japan, Pakis an and
Sou h A ica. This indica es ha he Uni ed Kingdom is ac i e in esea ch collabo a ions
bo h egionally and globally. Aus alia is also among he no able coun ies in e ms o
mul ina ional collabo a ions, wi h signi ican wo k conduc ed wi h Sweden (n=3), Saudi
A abia (n=2) and E hiopia (n=2). The da a e eal ha he le el o mu ual collabo a ion
be ween coun ies is p edominan ly bidi ec ional and mul icen ic. I aly has high-
equency collabo a ions wi h coun ies such as Ge many (n=2), Romania (n=3) and
Swi ze land (n=2). Spain, on he o he hand, has expanded i s esea ch ne wo k wi h
collabo a ions in ol ing F ance (n=2), Po ugal (n=3) and Russia (n=2). O e all, he
analysis shows ha esea ch collabo a ions ha e di e si ied globally and e ol ed in o a
mul icen ic s uc u e. Ce ain coun ies play a cen al ole in shaping he esea ch
ecosys em bo h egionally and in e na ionally.
RESULT
This s udy has examined he academic implica ions o a i icial in elligence echnologies
in he ield o physical educa ion and spo s sciences om a mul idimensional
pe spec i e, highligh ing he e olu ion o he ield be ween 1992 and 2025. The
bibliome ic analysis indings indica e ha , o e ime, physical educa ion has e ol ed
om i s adi ional ocus on physical ac i i y and pe o mance o a mul idisciplina y
s uc u e based on digi aliza ion, heal h, psychology and AI. The inc easing numbe o
publica ions and hema ic di e si y o e he yea s demons a e ha AI is no only seen
as a echnical ool bu also as a pedagogical, he apeu ic,and manage ial componen .
In ecen yea s, he in eg a ion o i ual eali y, augmen ed eali y, he me a e se
and AI suppo ed sys ems in o educa ional p ocesses has enabled physical educa ion o
adop a mo e pe sonalized, measu able and in e ac i e s uc u e. Digi al con en ailo ed
o indi idual lea ning needs and eal- ime eedback mechanisms ha e enhanced he
quali y o he lea ning p ocess and posi i ely in luenced cogni i e-emo ional ou comes
such as mo i a ion, pa icipa ion and pe o mance. These indings show ha he
pedagogical unc ion o AI is s eng hening and AI is becoming a s a egic ool no only
o physical de elopmen bu also o cogni i e and psychosocial de elopmen in he
con ex o physical educa ion.
Resea ch such as ha by D ake e al. (2007) and Komalawa dhana e al. (2021)
demons a es ha AI sys ems p o ide accu a e and pe sonalized eedback, enabling
mo e e ec i e e alua ion o s uden s physical educa ion pe o mance. In pa icula ,
allowing s uden s o analyze hei pe o mance in-dep h while wa ching aining ideos
helps hem unde s and how o pe o m mo emen s co ec ly and in a s anda dized
manne . This has helped s uden s co ec hei pe o mance in a imely manne , leading
o highe sco es. Simila ly, S isuwan and Panjabu ee (2020) emphasize ha ecei ing
imely and accu a e eedback in physical educa ion classes can accele a e s uden s
lea ning pace and posi i ely impac hei mo i a ion. These indings u he s eng hen
he ole o AI in physical educa ion, showing ha accu a e eedback con ibu es o he
de elopmen p ocess o s uden s. Howe e , he analyses show ha he majo i y o
esea ch is concen a ed in de eloped coun ies and a eas such as e hics, da a secu i y,
eache compe ence and access o echnology in u al a eas a e less equen ly add essed.
Fu he mo e, esea ch on adap ed sys ems o indi iduals wi h special needs and s udies
ocused on spo s psychology a e limi ed. This indica es ha he ield equi es mo e in-
dep h esea ch and he de elopmen o mo e inclusi e and mul ilaye ed applica ions in
he u u e.
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 344 o 347
In conclusion, his s udy sys ema ically p esen s he scope and di ec ion o he
ans o ma ion b ough abou by AI echnologies in he ield o physical educa ion,
p o iding a holis ic e alua ion o he cu en de elopmen s. The indings demons a e
ha AI-based sys ems, when in eg a ed wi h educa ional applica ions, o e inno a i e
solu ions in a ious a eas such as pe o mance analysis, mo o skill de elopmen and
heal h managemen . This ans o ma ion e lec s he inc easing in eg a ion o
digi aliza ion, pe sonaliza ion and da a d i en decision-making in physical educa ion
esea ch and i sugges s ha u u e in e disciplina y collabo a ions will u he en ich
he ield.
SUGGESTIONS
Conside ing he esea ch gaps, in-dep h analyses should be conduc ed on e hical issues
and da a secu i y. In his ega d, he impac o AI-based applica ions on spo s
psychology and mo i a ion should also be examined. I is impo an o de elop AI
solu ions ailo ed o di e en age g oups, indi iduals wi h disabili ies and emale
a hle es. Fu he mo e, aining p og ams aimed a inc easing physical educa ion
eache s' AI li e acy should be p epa ed.
In e ms o applica ion, conside ing he in as uc u e de iciencies in de eloping
coun ies, low-cos and accessible AI sys ems should be designed. Addi ionally, i would
be bene icial o expand AI-suppo ed emo e physical educa ion sys ems, pa icula ly in
u al and ha d- o- each a eas.
Rega ding in e disciplina y s udies, i is essen ial o encou age join p ojec s
co e ing ields such as spo s sciences, educa ion sciences, compu e enginee ing and
e hics. Mo eo e , he applicabili y o ad anced echnologies like he me a e se,
augmen ed eali y (AR) and AI in eg a ion in he con ex o physical educa ion should
be es ed.
This s udy p esen s he cu en ends in he use o AI echnologies in physical educa ion
and spo s sciences and p o ides a heo e ical and p ac ical oadmap o u u e esea ch
di ec ions. I is expec ed ha u u e esea ch in his ield will lead o mo e
comp ehensi e and applica ion-o ien ed esul s. Bibliome ic s udies h ough a ious
da abases on his subjec a e also ecommended.
Kısal mala / Abb e ia ions
AI A i icial In elligence
AR Augmen ed Reali y
MDS Mul idimensional Scaling
WoS Web o Science
Beyanla / Decla a ions
E ik Onay e Ka ılım Onayı / E hics app o al and consen o pa icipa e
Bu çalışmanın hazı lanma e yazım sü ecinde ‘‘Yükseköğ e im Ku umla ı Bilimsel A aş ı ma e Yayın E iği Yöne gesi’’
kapsamında bilimsel, e ik e alın ı ku alla ına uyulmuş olup; oplanan e ile üze inde he hangi bi ah i a yapılmamış
e bu çalışma he hangi başka bi akademik yayın o amına değe lendi me için gönde ilmemiş i . Makale ile ilgili
doğabilecek he ü lü ihlalle de so umluluk yaza a ai i .
Du ing he p epa a ion and w i ing o his s udy, he p inciples o scien i ic in eg i y, e hics, and ci a ion, as s ipula ed
in he ‘‘Highe Educa ion Ins i u ions Scien i ic Resea ch and Publica ion E hics Di ec i e,’’ we e ully obse ed; no
alsi ica ion was made on he collec ed da a, and his s udy has no been submi ed o any o he academic
publica ion pla o m o e alua ion. The au ho bea s ull esponsibili y o any po en ial iola ions ega ding he
a icle.
Ve i e Ma e yal E işilebili liği / A ailabili y o da a and ma e ial
De li e al., 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 345 o 347
Bu çalışmanın bulgula ını des ekleyen e ile , makul aleple üze ine so umlu yaza dan emin edilebili . Ve i se i
yalnızca akademik amaçla için e işilebili olacak e e ile in he hangi bi kullanımı, o ijinal çalışmayı e e ans
gös e ecek e ka ılımcıla ın gizliliğini ko uyacak ı .
The da a ha suppo he indings o his s udy a e a ailable om he co esponding au ho upon easonable eques .
The da ase will be accessible only o academic pu poses, and any use o he da a will ecognize he o iginal s udy
and main ain he con den iali y o he pa icipan s.
Çıka Ça ışması / Compe ing in e es s
Yaza la , bu makalede sunulan çalışmayı e kileyebilecek he hangi bi çıka ça ışması eya kişisel ilişkiye sahip
olmadıkla ını beyan e mek edi le .
The au ho s decla e ha hey ha e no known compe ing inancial in e es s o pe sonal ela ionships ha could ha e
appea ed o in luence he wo k epo ed in his pape .
Yaza Ka kıla ı / Au ho s’ Con ibu ion S a emen
Çalışmanın asa ımı e planlanması: M.E.; S.E.D.; Ve i oplama, analizi eya yo umlanması: M.E.; S.E.D.; Ş.D.; Makalenin
yazımı: M.E.; S.E.D.; Ş.D.; Ve i düzenleme, yön em beli leme, yazım --- özgün aslak, yazım --- gözden geçi me e
düzenleme:. M.E.; S.E.D.; Ş.D.; Tüm yaza la , makalenin önemli nok ala ını eleş i el bi şekilde gözden geçi miş i . Tüm
yaza la makalenin son halini onaylamış ı .
The s udy was designed and planned by M.E. and S.E.D. Da a collec ion, analysis, and in e p e a ion we e ca ied
ou by M.E., S.E.D., and Ş.D. The manusc ip was w i en by M.E., S.E.D., and Ş.D. Da a o ganiza ion, me hodology
de elopmen , o iginal d a p epa a ion, and he e iew and edi ing p ocesses we e also unde aken by M.E., S.E.D.,
and Ş.D. All au ho s c i ically e alua ed he essen ial componen s o he manusc ip , and all au ho s app o ed he
inal e sion..
Fon Des eği / Funding
This s udy did no ecei e any speci ic g an om unding agencies in he public, comme cial, o no - o -p o i sec o s.
/ Bu çalışma, kamu, ica i eya ka amacı gü meyen sek ö le den he hangi bi özel onlama des eği almamış ı
Teşekkü / Acknowledgemen s
None.
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