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SUMMARY
The global consume end is owa ds ood sa e y: knowing he his o y o
he ood, i s o igin and he p oduc ion sys em. B azil, wi h he la ges
comme cial ca le he d in he wo ld, is a na u al candida e o mee he
demands o demanding ma ke s such as he Eu opean Communi y. The
B azilian Bo ine and Bubaline T aceabili y and Ce i ica ion Sys em
(SISBOV), launched in 2002, is B azil's esponse o he challenge o
conque ing hese ma ke s. This pape analyzes he sys ema ics and cu en
s a e o he sys em and i s applica ion o he pa icula case o he Escola
Ag o ecnica Fede al de Aleg e e. Du ing he p ocess, i was obse ed ha he
applica ion o he sys em equi es he egula iza ion o compulso y eco ds
ha a e no always up o da e on he p ope ies. On he o he hand, he
idiosync a ic na u e o u al people does no a o he implemen a ion o new
sys ems based on ad anced in o ma ion echnologies, which equi e accu a e
da a and pe manen upda ing. The B azilian sys em began wi h equi emen s
"impo ed" om Eu ope, bu has been e o mula ed o mee he eal
possibili ies o p oduce s who demand lexibili y and simplici y. The cu en
s a e o he ce i ica ion p ocess, di icul ies, ends and p ospec s a e
analyzed h oughou his wo k, and poin o a cu en scena io in which he
sys em is applied by la ge expo e s, and a u u e scena io in which he
aining o small and medium-sized p oduce s allows o g ea e expansion.
1
SUMMARY
Chap e 1
Chap e 2
Chap e 3
Chap e 4
Chap e 5
Chap e 6
2
1. INTRODUCTION
T aceabili y is he con ol o animals ha makes i possible o iden i y
hem indi idually o in ba ches. Wi h his con ol, i is possible o ha e a
his o y om bi h o slaugh e , eco ding impo an ac s such as diseases,
accina ions, medica ion aken and weigh , as well as con olling all s ages o
p oduc ion, indus ializa ion, anspo , dis ibu ion and ma ke ing.
T aceabili y came abou as a esul o consume conce n abou he
heal h o p oduc s, which a ose a e se e al e en s ha a ec ed people's
heal h in a ious coun ies. As a esul o his awa eness, supe ma ke s, as
he main ep esen a i es o he dis ibu ion chains, began o pu p essu e on
he o he agen s in he p oduc ion chain, demanding g ea e con ol o e he
quali y and heal h o ood, so as no o un he isk o being sued by he
inspec ion and consume p o ec ion sys ems.
Episodes such as bo ine spongi o m encephalopa hy (BSE), known as
mad cow disease, in ca le in England, and ou b eaks o oo -and-mou h
disease in se e al coun ies, ha e led o inc eased conce n abou he quali y
o comme cialized ood. In addi ion, he expansion o wo ld ood ade,
changes in ea ing habi s and g ea e demand o highly p ocessed p oduc s
ha e esul ed in changes in he ood p oduc ion sec o . Coun ies whe e
cases o he disease ha e occu ed ha e had o sac i ice animals, wi h a
consequen d op in domes ic consump ion and cu s in expo s. The economic
p oblems caused by his led se e al coun ies o pass s ic e laws in o de o
s anda dize he p oduc ion p ocess on a ms and c ea e sani a y ba ie s, in
addi ion o hose ins i u ed by in e na ional bodies, which p ac ically eplaced
a i ba ie s.
Food sa e y has become an impo an opic on he agenda and
consume s' conce n abou he p oduc hey consume has led o he need o
gua an ee he heal h, quali y and o igin o he p oduc , as well as he
3
sui abili y o hose who p oduce i . This is only possible i he en i e p oduc ion
p ocess is gua an eed, and o ha you need o ha e all he in o ma ion you
need abou he p oduc .
The gua an ee is o al con ol o he de elopmen o he animals, wi h a
special ocus on he issue o heal h, which equi es an in ensi ica ion o a m
managemen and s ic con ol o p oduc ion. This p ocess, which includes
iden i ica ion and ce i ica ion o o igin, is aceabili y.
Since he 1980s, he issue o ood sa e y and quali y has been a
g owing conce n o bo h he go e nmen and indus y, as well as consume s.
Animal aceabili y became inc easingly impo an as consume s los di ec
con ol o e he p oduc ion and sale o ood. These sys ems equi e a
anspa en chain o suppo o main ain hei c edibili y and gua an ee
in o ma ion ans e unc ions.
In he case o he bee p oduc ion chain, he adop ion o a sys ema ic
app oach has made i possible o inco po a e new echnologies in o
p oduc ion, pa icula ly he use o in o ma ion in he managemen o he
en e p ise. The amo iza ion o hese cos s can come in wo ways: h ough
be e emune a ion o he p oduc , acco ding o he quali y desi ed by he
indus y, o in he o m o gains in p oduc ion e iciency, which has no ye
happened in B azil.
B azil is a majo bee expo e and he Eu opean Union's demand o
aceabili y, which s ipula ed deadlines o he coun y o implemen his
sys em i i wan ed o con inue selling bee he e, led he Minis y o
Ag icul u e, Li es ock and Supply (MAPA) o publish No ma i e Ins uc ion
No. 1 in 2002, es ablishing he B azilian Sys em o Iden i ica ion and
Ce i ica ion o Bo ine and Bubaline O igin (SISBOV). Bu i 's wo h
emembe ing ha Japan, ollowing a simila pa h, began o equi e he same
p ecau ions.
B azilian p oduce s need o unde s and ha i hey wan o main ain and
4
iden i ica ion elemen s and he en i ies ha ake pa in he Uni ied Ag icul u al
Heal h Ca e Sys em (MAPA and Ag icul u e Agencies o Sec e a ia s).
Fo he u al p oduce , he ules ha e been igh ened up o make i
easie o ope a e and also o be e mee he equi emen s o coun ies ha
demand iden i ica ion and aceabili y. We now ha e
! Joining SISBOV is now olun a y, as we ha e al eady said. I will be
compulso y i he a me has impo ed animals o sends his s ee s o a
slaugh e house ha expo s o he ma ke s o he Eu opean Union, Chile o
o he coun ies ha equi e p io aceabili y.
! Those who al eady ha e animals egis e ed wi h SISBOV, acco ding o he
p e ious ules, will ha e un il Decembe 31, 2007 o quali y o a new
ca ego y: he Ru al Es ablishmen App o ed in SISBOV (de ined as: a u al
p ope y ha has complied wi h he ules issued by No ma i e Ins uc ion No.
17/06 and is in e es ed in keeping ca le and bu alo included in SISBOV o
any leng h o ime);
! Un il Decembe 1, 2006, u al p oduce s could s ill include new ca le and
bu alo in he Na ional Da abase (BND); as o Janua y 1, 2009, he App o ed
Ru al Es ablishmen can only ecei e ca le and bu alo om ano he
App o ed Ru al Es ablishmen ;
! Each App o ed Ru al Es ablishmen can only be se ed by one Acc edi ed
Ce i ie ;
! The en i e bo ine o bu alo popula ion o he App o ed Ru al Es ablishmen
mus be iden i ied, om bi h o slaugh e ;
! Pu chased animals mus be egula ized wi hin 30 days o pu chase;
! And a weaning o up o 10 ( en) mon hs o age is he deadline o inclusion in
he BND o all animals bo n in he App o ed Ru al Es ablishmen ;
! The animal may be iden i ied wi h a SISBOV s anda d ea ing in one ea and
11
a bo om. Bo h will con ain a code o 15 ( i een) nume ical digi s. I he ea ing
is los , iden i ica ion will be gua an eed by he bo om un il i is eplaced. The
p oduce can also iden i y he animal wi h he help o an elec onic de ice
placed in he ea , s omach o umbilical old. The No ma i e Ins uc ion also
p o ides o he combined use o bo h de ices;
! Animals egis e ed wi h b eed associa ions can ake ad an age o he
genealogical egis a ion numbe combined wi h he SISBOV numbe ;
! Any mo emen o animals om an App o ed Ru al Es ablishmen o a non-
app o ed one mus be no i ied by he p oduce o he ce i ie wi hin 15
( i een) days, and he la e mus emo e he animal om he BND no la e
han 3 ( h ee) days a e he no i ica ion;
! The inspec ion in e al o u al es ablishmen s will be 180 (one hund ed and
eigh y) days and o eedlo s 60 (six y) days.
! The documen a ion ha mus be illed in by he u al p oduce has been
educed.
Wo ld Ma ke and Regula ions
The end in he wo ld mea ma ke is o look o quali y p oduc s,
wi hou heal h isks, as a esul o consume demands. Opening up new
ma ke s, o main aining hem, will depend on whe he o no B azil adap s o
he s anda ds imposed by he wo ld scene, especially he Eu opean
Communi y. As his is a bloc o e y impo an coun ies in he wo ld economy,
wi h g ea pu chasing powe , all he coun ies ha expo mea he e a e
subjec o he demands o he Eu opean Communi y.
The equi emen o mea aceabili y has caused a g ea deal o
conce n o expo ing coun ies and, in pa icula , o B azil due o he size o
i s he d, he condi ions in which ca le a e aised, he ex en o B azil's e i o y
and he lack o use o echnology by he as majo i y o p oduce s who a e
12
no ye accus omed o using in o ma ion echnology o in eg a ed
managemen and con ol in hei day- o-day ac i i ies.
In o de o mee his demand, he Minis y o Ag icul u e, Li es ock and
Supply (MAPA) published No ma i e Ins i u ion n* 1, o Janua y 9, 2002
(BRASIL, 2002a ), which es ablished he B azilian Sys em o he Iden i ica ion
and Ce i ica ion o Bo ine and Bubaline O igin (SISBOV) and No ma i e
Ins uc ion n* 21, o Feb ua y 26, 2002 (BRASIL, 2002b), which es ablished
he guidelines, equi emen s, c i e ia and pa ame e s o acc edi ing ce i ying
bodies wi h SISBOV.
In o de o es ablish s anda ds o he p oduc ion o bee wi h a
gua an ee o o igin and quali y, he Minis y o Ag icul u e, Li es ock and
Supply (MAPA) published No ma i e Ins uc ion No. 17 on July 14, 2006, wi h
a new ope a ional s uc u e o he T aceabili y Se ice o he Bo ine and
Bubaline P oduc ion Chain (SISBOV). The new sys em is olun a y, wi h
compulso y membe ship o ma ke ing o ma ke s ha equi e aceabili y.
New egula ions
Wi h he new egula ions comes he concep o a Ru al Es ablishmen
App o ed by SISBOV, which will ha e he ollowing main equi emen s:
>P oduce 5HJLVWUDWLRQ
! P ope y egis a ion;
! Basic P oduc ion P o ocol;
! SISBOV Adhesion Te m;
! Regis e o inpu s used on he p ope y;
! Indi idual iden i ica ion o 100% o he ca le and bu alo on he p ope y;
13
! Animal Mo emen Con ol;
! Supe ision by a single ce i ie acc edi ed by MAPA, and
! Pe iodic inspec ion by he ce i ie .
Acco ding o he new ules, all ca le and bu alo in SISBOV App o ed
Ru al Es ablishmen s (ERAS) mus be indi idually iden i ied and egis e ed in
he Na ional Da abase, wi h a eco d o all he inpu s used on he p ope y
du ing he p oduc ion p ocess.
This is a majo s ep o wa d, since, as o 2009, ca le and bu aloes will
only be allowed o en e SISBOV-app o ed u al es ablishmen s i hey come
om ano he es ablishmen unde he same condi ions. The sys em will allow
in o ma ion o be upda ed be ween he Animal Heal h Execu i e Body in he
s a es and he Ce i ie o he Ru al Es ablishmen App o ed in SISBOV,
acc edi ed by MAPA.
SISBOV
SISBOV de ines ' he se o ac ions, measu es and p ocedu es adop ed
o cha ac e ize he o igin, heal h s a us, p oduc ion and p oduc i i y o na ional
li es ock and he sa e y o ood om his economic exploi a ion'. I s aim is o
'indi idually iden i y, egis e and moni o all ca le and bu alo bo n in B azil o
impo ed (BRASIL, 2002 ).a
The sys em applies o all a ms and mea packing plan s ha p ocess
p oduc s, by-p oduc s and esidues o economic alue h oughou he coun y,
and o en i ies acc edi ed by MAPA as ce i ie s. I equi es he egis a ion o
animals and p ope ies ha will cha ac e ize ca le, bu alo and u al p ope ies
in he in e es s o ce i ica ion o o igin, in e nal/ex e nal ansi con ol, heal h
p og ams and p oduc ion sys ems.
14
Iden i ica ion
The iden i ica ion p ocess includes pe manen ma king on he animal's
body o he applica ion o in e nal o ex e nal de ices ha allow he indi idual
iden i ica ion and moni o ing o animals, app o ed and au ho ized by he
Sec e a ia o Ag icul u al De ense (DAS/MAPA). An indi idual iden i ica ion
documen mus accompany he animal h oughou i s li e, om bi h o
slaugh e , na u al o acciden al dea h, eco ding any mo emen s ha ha e
aken place as a esul o ans e s o eme gency sac i ices'.
Da abase
The da abase o he new SISBOV is compu e ized and o icial, and i s
in o ma ion is managed by DAS/MAPA. I con ains up- o-da e in o ma ion on
animals, u al and ag o-indus ial p ope ies, all iden i ied, egis e ed and
egis e ed wi h SISBOV by acc edi ed en i ies. Con ol o he iden i ica ion and
mo emen o egis e ed animals is ca ied ou by he acc edi ed ce i ying
bodies, bu he managemen o he SISBOV Na ional Da abase is es ic ed o
go e nmen use: "No e en he bodies can ha e access o ce ain da a"
(PORTOCARRERO, MARCIO, 2008).
Ce i ie
Ce i ica ion ep esen s a se o p ocedu es whe eby an impa ial and
independen ce i ica ion body ecognizes and/o ce i ies ha a p oduc mee s
p e-es ablished equi emen s. I mus be ca ied ou by an independen body,
which ce i ies h ough a aceabili y sys em ha ac s as a quali y ool and
p o ides basic con ol guidelines. Ce i ied p oduc ion does no gua an ee ha
a p oduc is aceable, bu a aced p oduc mus go h ough a sys em
ce i ica ion p ocess (IBA, 2003).
15
In o de o a me s o implemen SISBOV in hei p oduc ion and ha e
hei he d ce i ied, hey need o choose an acc edi ed ce i ica ion company
and egis e hei p ope y. Once his is done, he mus in o m he company o
he numbe o animals ha will be acked so ha i can eques he
app op ia e numbe o ea ings om he Na ional Da abase. The ce i ying
companies a e also esponsible o collec ing da a on he da e o bi h and sex
o he animals, as well as ap i ude, b eed, mo emen o animals in and ou ,
ans e s, dea h, eeding, heal h and ep oduc i e managemen o he he d, in
o de o gua an ee ha he ce i ied p oduc complies wi h he equi emen s
speci ied by MAPA (LOPES, 2005).
Impo ance o T aceabili y
Since he 1980s, he issue o ood sa e y and quali y has been a g owing
conce n o public au ho i ies, indus y and consume s alike. The aceabili y
o animals and hei by-p oduc s has become inc easingly impo an as
consume s lose di ec con ol o e he p oduc ion and sale o ood. P oduc
aceabili y sys ems equi e a anspa en chain o suppo o main ain hei
c edibili y and gua an ee hei in o ma ion ans e unc ions, and mus con ain
a eliable and e i iable mechanism o p ese e he iden i y o specimens
h oughou he ood chain (MCKEAN, 2001).
In ecen yea s, aceabili y sys ems used o iden i y animals, eco d hei
mo emen and ace he o igin o li es ock p oduc s ha e unde gone
ema kable de elopmen . Today, i is essen ial o ha monize sys ems ha a e
p o en o imp o e cohe ence be ween he coun ies in ol ed in ade
ansac ions, wi h he aim o ob aining be e gua an ees and acili a ing
in e na ional exchanges o animals and animal p oduc s (MACDANIEL and
SHERIDAN, 2001).
T aceabili y sys ems can be subdi ided in o ou ca ego ies, acco ding o
16
hei applica ion: in he coun y o o igin, in he e aile , in he indus y, and in
he coun y o o igin.
o he iden i ica ion o he animal om he a m o he sale o he inal p oduc .
Al hough he use o compu e s and in o ma ion echnology can inc ease he
speed and accu acy o he da a collec ion and manipula ion p ocesses, he e
mus be independence be ween he sys ems and, a he same ime, hey mus
be compa ible (MACKEAN, 2001).
The ma ke ing and use o bee o human consump ion a e los in
his o y, anscending he domes ica ion o he ox i sel . In B azil, in ecen
decades, he e ha e been ew ini ia i es o change he p o ile o bee and
none o es ablish o s eng hen he habi o consuming his p oduc . Possibly,
he complexi y o he bee p oduc ion chain, he p edominan conse a ism in
se e al o i s segmen s and he wide a ie y o p oduc ion sys ems ha e
con ibu ed o his. A global analysis o hese ac o s e ealed ha he
ans o ma ion o his chain in ol es he coo dina ed ac ion o a ious ac o s,
implemen ing guidelines aimed a achie ing poli ical, de elopmen and
esea ch suppo (EUCLIDES FILHO e al., 1999).
As well as opening doo s o he Eu opean ma ke , he implemen a ion o
aceabili y will enable MAPA o ha e mo e de ailed in o ma ion abou he
na ional he d and, abo e all, o assu e consume s o he heal h and nu i ional
s a us o he animals - in acco dance wi h p e-es ablished quali y s anda ds.
T aceabili y should also show he e iciency o each s age o he p oduc ion
sys em, hus p o iding he answe o a ious p oblems such as mad cow
disease - caused by he consump ion o animal eed. No o men ion ha , by
p oposing o con ol he li e o he animal, he sys em will also make i easie
o loca e disease ou b eaks (JUSTINO, 2002).
17
The impo ance o aceabili y o public heal h and consume p o ec ion
Since he 1950s, UK consume s ha e been accus omed o cheap ood
wi h gua an eed sani a y condi ions. In he 1980s and 1990s, a se ies o
episodes caused no only ala m, bu also a loss o public con idence in
p oduce s and he go e nmen . As a esul , he sec o unde wen a p ocess
ha led o he applica ion o new con ol me hods a all s ages o p oduc ion.
Animal eed ac o ies, li es ock p oduc ion, slaugh e houses and he use o
o disposal o animal by-p oduc s a e now con olled wi h a igidi y ha was
inconcei able be o e he iden i ica ion o bo ine spongi o m encephalopa hy
(BSE) a he end o he 1980s (PETTITT, 2001).
Consume s all o e he wo ld a e mo e demanding wi h ega d o he
quali y o all he ood hey ea . The e is g ea conce n abou mad cow disease
in Eu ope, hambu ge s con amina ed by Eche ichia coli in he Uni ed S a es,
chickens and pigs con amina ed by dioxin in Belgium, con amina ed coca-cola
in F ance, cheeses wi h Lis e ia also in F ance and ou b eaks o oo -and-
mou h disease in A gen ina, sou he n B azil (Rio G ande do Sul) and England
(FERREIRA and MEIRELLES, 2002).
These new in e es s in animal heal h (i.e. bo ine spongi o m
encephalopa hy) and ood sa e y (i.e. Esche ichia coli, Salmonella spp. and
o he zoonoses) make he es ablishmen o a e ospec i e sys em
(in o ma ion acking) a logical app oach o ensu ing consume con idence in
bee (MCALLISTER e al., 2001).
In Eu ope, aceabili y has become a majo issue o consume s and, by
delega ion, o he many e aile s who supply he ma ke . Re aile s ha e
o ganized he ood chain so ha i is possible o gua an ee and audi he
supply o p oduc s o he highes quali y and which do no pose a isk o
consume heal h (PETTITT, 2001).
18
Impo ance o aceabili y o animals and animal p oduc s in epidemiology
Epidemiology s udies he cause o a disease and all he ac o s ha can
in luence i . I also s udies i s e ec s and conside s i s dis ibu ion in space, in
ime and in he he d ( aking in o accoun , o cou se, i s di e en s a a), while
looking o he main e en s and ci cums ances capable o explaining and
in luencing i s occu ence (CORTES, 1993).
The demand o global and in eg a ed ood sa e y policies om consume s
in indus ialized coun ies has made he aceabili y o animals and hei
de i a i es a p io i y issue o he go e nmen s o hese coun ies
(CAPORALE e al., 2001).
Acco ding o PIRES (2000), aceabili y plays an impo an ole in disease
e adica ion campaigns, since he managemen o heal h campaigns will be
mo e agile and will ecei e in o ma ion on he animals in ol ed om he
a ious he ds in ol ed. Knowing which animals a e in ol ed will enable
immedia e and a ge ed sani a y ac ion o be aken wi hin he en i e ca le
popula ion.
The impo ance o aceabili y in bee p oduc ion managemen
The mode n ision o ag icul u e lies in he in eg a ion o p ope y along
he p oduc ion chain, e ol ing echnology and he op imiza ion o he isk-
e u n a io (JANK, 1997).
The adop ion o a sys ema ic ision in he bee p oduc ion chain has
made i possible o inco po a e new echnologies in o he p oduc ion sys em,
wi h he use o in o ma ion echnology in he managemen o he en e p ise
s anding ou .
Elec onic iden i ica ion and aceabili y allow he a m's da a sys em o
be ed wi h eliable da a, an indispensable equi emen o planning ac i i ies
19
and be e coo dina ion be ween he links in he chain (MACHADO and
NANTES, 2000).
The cos s o his echnology can be amo ized in wo ways: h ough
be e emune a ion o he p oduc , acco ding o he quali y desi ed by he
indus y, o in he o m o gains in p oduc ion e iciency, based on
compu e ized p oduc ion managemen . The elec onic iden i ica ion o animals
and he aceabili y o in o ma ion wi hin a ms make i possible o eed a
compu e ized da a sys em, making managemen p ocesses mo e lexible
(MACHADO and NANTES, 2000).
20
Du ing he echnical inspec ion ca ied ou by he ce i ie 's ield
supe iso a he b eeding es ablishmen , all he animals mus be inspec ed
and all he in o ma ion on he p oduc ion sys em eco ded in he Reco d Book,
which is kep by he a me , mus be checked.
The inspec ion will check he SISBOV iden i ica ion codes on he
iden i ica ion elemen s o he ca le and bu alo p esen in he ERAS in o de o
ensu e ha all he animals a e iden i ied. In ERAS wi h up o 300 animals, he
check will be ca ied ou on he en i e he d. In ERAS wi h up o 600 animals,
300 N°s will be collec ed and all animals will be obse ed; abo e 600 animals,
300 animals will be scanned and 600 will be coun ed, dis ibu ed andomly in
all ba ches.
In he case o uniden i ied ca le and bu alo ha ha e no ye eached
10 mon hs o age, he supe iso will eco d he numbe o hese animals in a
speci ic ield o his epo .
I is manda o y ha all he in o ma ion in he p oduc ion sys em is
checked by he ield supe iso .
Technical inspec ions will ake place a mos e e y 180 days in each
ERAS and e e y 60 days in he case o con inemen , and a e he sole
esponsibili y o he ce i ying body.
The inal ollow-up o he ERAS su ey canno be ca ied ou ei he , as
he applica ion o he iden i ie s has no been comple ed.
27
5.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
E olu ion o SISBOV
Ha ing ini ially been c ea ed unde p essu e om majo buye s such as
he Eu opean Union and la e Japan, i is only na u al ha he T aceabili y
Sys em was launched wi h equi emen s in line wi h hose eques ed by he
applican s. Howe e , he p ac ical applica ion o he sys em has been
hampe ed by he di icul ies encoun e ed by p oduce s in implemen ing i on
hei a ms.
Because o his si ua ion, he Minis y (MAPA) has con inued o s udy
in ensi ely he mos app op ia e ways o pu he sys em in o p ac ice, a
p ocess ha con inues oday. Recen news eleased by Fa sul's p ess o ice,
close o he closing da e o his epo , indica es some modi ica ions ollowing
he end o making i easie o p oduce s: inc easing he inspec ion pe iod
om 180 o 360 days; eplacing ze o ole ance wi h a s a is ical sample wi h
95% ce ain y, among o he s.
This si ua ion can be unde s ood by looking a some o he ini ial ac o s
in he p ocess. A e Bo ine Spongi o m Encephalopa hy appea ed in
England, he local he d had o be slaugh e ed. As a esul , he Eu opean
Union laid down ules o membe coun ies ha had o be me by he new
he ds. These new animals had o be impo ed, which au oma ically ans e ed
he equi emen s o he coun ies ha wan ed o supply hem. As B azil has
he la ges comme cial he d in he wo ld, i is only na u al ha he Fede al
Go e nmen u gen ly launched egula ions o mee hese equi emen s.
Howe e , he ce i ying companies, seeing a ma ke link in he
applica ion o he sys em, ended up a o ing he c ea ion o a complex
sys em, ushing o o e hei se ices, signing con ac s wi h B eede s' and
Ranche s' Associa ions h oughou B azil, e en wi hou knowing wha should
ac ually be done (Li ani, 2004).
28
The esul o his si ua ion was he c ea ion o doub s and unce ain ies,
in o he wo ds a gene al mis us in he p oduc ion chain abou he
implemen a ion p ocess and i s eal bene i s.
Today, B azil has ealized ha i is no necessa y o apply aceabili y
along he lines o he Eu opean Union, bu a he o adap o i s eali y and he
demands o he ma ke s.
Take he example o Aus alia, which se es he demanding Japanese
ma ke . I has implemen ed an elec onic sys em whe e he cus ome in he
supe ma ke gondola can ind ou in o ma ion abou he p oduc hey a e
aking, including he animal's eed and e en da a such as i s age a he ime o
slaugh e .
P oduce s' si ua ion and o ganiza ion
The aceabili y sys em equi es a se ies o p ocedu es and suppo s ha
do no i in wi h he adi ional habi s and cus oms o ca le a me s. This
equi es an imp o emen in he o ganiza ion o he p oduc ion sys em, which
is no always easily accep ed by ca le a me s. Fo example, ield isi s
e ealed a lack o o ganiza ion in he p oduc ion sys em i sel , and in ou ine
p ocedu es such as GTAs (Animal T ansi Guides) and he co esponding
in oices. We belie e ha his is he eason why he T aceabili y Sys em has
e ol ed owa ds olun a y adhe ence by li es ock a me s. This lea es ou , o
he ime being, hose anche s who don' eel mo i a ed o ake on he ask o
joining he sys em, and limi s he numbe o ca le acked.
Le 's ocus ou analysis, o example, on he o al bee p oduc ion in he
wes e n bo de egion. Acco ding o da a ob ained om he F igo i ico
Me cosul in Aleg e e, 90% o p oduc ion is des ined o o eign ma ke s
(Is ael, Lebanon, he Eu opean Union, among o he s). On he o he hand, he
p oduc ion o small (up o 200 animals) and medium-sized p oduce s ( om
200 o 400 animals) p ac ically ma ches ha o la ge p oduce s. So we can
29
see ha a la ge pa o he bee expo ed comes om small and medium-sized
p oduce s. This shows how impo an i is o he aceabili y p ocess o each
small and medium-sized p oduce s
F om he poin o iew o he coun y as a whole, he la ge-scale
implemen a ion o he aceabili y p ocess will equi e aining o p oduce s,
as hei le el o educa ion makes i di icul o implemen new and ex ensi e
p og ams such as SISBOV, equi ing a long pe iod o ime o e e yone o
unde s and he new egula ions. Make su e ha a me s and employees eally
unde s and he impo ance and necessi y o aceabili y.
This is in addi ion o he conse a i e cha ac e is ics o li es ock a me s,
which make hem esis an o change o he use o new echnologies in he
p oduc ion sys em. I is also common o see sho comings in p oduc ion
sys ems. P oduce s gene ally don' keep hei animal decla a ions up o da e
in he egis y o he Sani a y and Zoo echnical Inspec o a e. This means ha
he e is a lack o knowledge abou he popula ion o cal es and o he animals
on he a m, which will become a p e equisi e once he p ocess o in oducing
aceabili y on he a m has begun. The animals mus i s be ully egis e ed
wi h he Inspec o a e, a labo ious p ocedu e ha would no no mally be
included in he wo k o he ce i ie s. The ce i ie s equi e his s age o be
ca ied ou by he p oduce ...
E o s in p ocedu es
The T aceabili y Sys em is, o cou se, subjec o impe ec ions in he
p ocedu es, which could lead o he consume ecei ing un eliable in o ma ion
abou he p oduc s. To al coun e ei ing - he exchange o ea ings - be ween
animals is unlikely, due o he ea ing closu e sys em, which becomes
unusable a e a single use. I is common, howe e , o p oduce s o alsi y
some in o ma ion, such as he ac ual applica ion o accines, since no
e e yone conside s hem o be bene icial o animal heal h, as is he case wi h
30
oo -and-mou h disease, o example.
Ano he aspec o he p oblem may be he lack o compu e iza ion o he
eco ds a he Heal h Inspec o a e. The sys em used un il he beginning o
2008 consis ed o in o ma ion s o age shee s. This was incompa ible wi h he
aceabili y sys em's up- o-da e da abase. A his poin he e is also a
di e ence in he deadlines demanded by he aceabili y sys em and he
equi emen s o he e e ina y inspec o a e, which can lead o he la e
missing in o ma ion on animals ha a e al eady egis e ed in he aceabili y
sys em.
T adi ional ma ke ing sys ems and hei e ec s on he applica ion o SISBOV
The adi ional municipal ai s and exhibi ions ha e one mo e elemen o
conside when making ansac ions. Ca le a me s in e es ed in expo ing
should only buy animals ha a e al eady included in he sys em. Ca le
a me s who don' expo bu a e in e es ed in a aced animal will end up
paying an addi ional p ice due o he cos o implemen ing aceabili y on hei
p ope ies. The sys em he e o e b ings a di e en elemen o ade
ansac ions.
In luence o he Eu opean Union's In e es
The in e es o he la ge Eu opean ma ke has s ongly s imula ed
B azil's p og ess in implemen ing aceabili y. Some businessmen claim ha
Eu opean coun ies a e pu ing up a non- a i ba ie o B azilian ca le, d i en
by p o ec ionism, and ha hei in e es in implemen ing he sys em in B azil is
no genuine. Nego ia ions a e p og essing in sea ch o a balance be ween
p essu e and ag eemen s o accep he cu en condi ions ha B azilian ca le
a me s can o e .
31
6.CONCLUSION
Based on he esea ch ca ied ou , i can be concluded ha SISBOV
(Sis ema B asilei o de Iden i icapao e Ce i icapao de O igem Bo ina e
Bubalina) was a way ound by he Minis y o Ag icul u e, Li es ock and
Supply (MAPA) o egis e and iden i y he B azilian ca le and bu alo he d in
o de o gua an ee aceabili y and main ain bee expo s o he Eu opean
Union, while a he same ime s eng hening animal heal h con ol and ood
sa e y.
The ac ha he iden i ica ion sys em o Eu opean coun ies is used as
an example means ha i is no ans e able o B azil, as i was de eloped o
di e en eali ies. In Eu ope, a ms a e smalle and ha e a smalle a ea han
in B azil. And he he d is much smalle han he B azilian he d (80 million
Eu opean goa s compa ed o 205 million B azilian goa s in 2007). This makes
iden i ica ion in his loca ion easie due o he smalle numbe o goa s and
hea y go e nmen subsidies.
In B azil, he endency is o make i easie o ca le a me s o adop he
sys em, and o gi e hem lexibili y so as no o c ea e a us a ing eeling ha
would lead p oduce s o gi e up on he sys em and on expo ing
32
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35
ANNEXES
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