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A icle — Published Ve sion
Economics o Maize (Zea mays L.) p oduc ion in Nige ia
and Maize adi ional u iliza ion
In e na ional Jou nal o Scien i ic Wo ld
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Adiaha, Monday Sunday (2017) : Economics o Maize (Zea mays L.) p oduc ion in
Nige ia and Maize adi ional u iliza ion, In e na ional Jou nal o Scien i ic Wo ld, ISSN 2307-9037,
Science Publishing Co po a ion, Amman, Jo dan, Vol. 5, Iss. 2, pp. 106-109,
h ps://doi.o g/10.14419/ijsw. 5i2.7819
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In e na ional Jou nal o Scien i ic Wo ld, 5 (2) (2017) 106-109
In e na ional Jou nal o Scien i ic Wo ld
Websi e: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJSW
doi: 10.14419/ijsw. 5i2.7819
Resea ch pape
Economics o Maize (Zea mays L.) P oduc ion in Nige ia and
Maize T adi ional U iliza ion
Monday Sunday Adiaha *
Depa men o Ag onomy (C op and Soil Science), Facul y o Ag icul u e and Fo es y, C oss Ri e Uni e si y o Technology, Nige ia
*Co esponding au ho E-mail: [email p o ec ed]
Abs ac
A su ey on economics o Maize (Zea mays L.) p oduc ion in Nige ia and i s adi ional u iliza ion was conduc ed. Resul o he su ey
p esen ed maize ha ing he po en ial o inc easing he economy o he na ion. Analyzed da a p esen ed maize been able o inc ease he
income o he local people and o eign exchange ea nings, as obse ed whe e p ice o he c op du ing 1980 (2500) s ands below p ice a
1989 (14000). Inc eased in land u iliza ion wi h inc ease in yea s was obse ed in da a analyzed as 1980 (95600 hec a es) o land a ea
s ands below (211740) in1989. T adi ional u iliza ion o maize has been ound o include whe e he c op is been used as he bal medicine,
as ood, in adi ional eligion, in-addi ion o whe e he c op is been u ilized in ma i al i uals.
Keywo ds: Economics; Maize, Zea Mays; Land U iliza ion; Maize P oduc ion; Maize U iliza ion.
1. In oduc ion
U iliza ion o c ops has always imp o ed Man’s economy om
ime immemo ial. Maize (Zea mays L. Poaceae) anks 3 d a e
whea and ice, owing o he la ge a eas and o al p oduc ion ou -
pu o he c op [1], [2]. The c op was in oduced in o Nige ia
p obably by he Po uguese [2]. Maize is also called co n. In Nige-
ia, he c op is called wi h many e nacula names ‘agbado’ (Yo-
uba), ‘ibokpo ’ (E ik) and ‘masa ’ (Hausa). The c op is ex ensi e-
ly cul i a ed in Uni ed S a es wi h abou 50% p oduc ion [3], [4],
[1]. Annual maize p oduc ion a abou 5.6 million hec a es ou o
9 million hec a es in A ica has been epo ed by Ha mans [5] o
be cul i a ed o maize in Nige ia. Da a o IITA [6] epo ed 8
million ons o maize been p oduced in Nige ia.
Ag icul u e has always been a means o o eign exchange ea n-
ings. In ensi e p oduc ion o c ops like maize enhance o imp o e
he economy o he coun y. P oduc ion o maize in Nige ia has
inc ease he income o smallholde a me s, se ing as a local cash
c op [7]. In ensi e p oduc ion o maize has been iewed as a
measu e o educing hunge while comba ing global ood insecu i-
y.
Maize is u ilized in a a ie y o ways, depending on he use ’s
need. In Nige ia he c op can be used as ood, as he bal medicines
as well as eed ing edien in li es ock managemen . Maize can be
consumed as ood by boiling o oas ing as pas e. Se e al adi-
ional uses o maize ha e been epo ed, and his a ies acco ding
o locali ies o e hnic g oups. This in es iga ion seeks o examine
he economics o maize p oduc ion in Nige ia and he adi ional
u iliza ion o he c op.
Fig. 1: Maize Cob.
Fig. 2: Co n Silk.
In e na ional Jou nal o Scien i ic Wo ld
107
2. Ma e ials and me hods
2.1. The s udy loca ion
The s udy was ca ied ou in Obub a, sou he n Nige ia, loca ion o
he Facul y o Ag icul u e and Fo es y, C oss Ri e o Technolo-
gy(CRUTECH), Nige ia, Obub a is on la i ude 6o 06' N and longi-
ude 8o 18' E in he ain o es zone o Nige ia. Obub a is cha ac e -
ized by a mean annual ain all dis ibu ion a 2250 mm – 2500 mm
wi h annual empe a u e ange a 25oC – 27oC.
2.2. Me hodology
O al in e iew on uses o maize in Obub a was ca ied ou . Field
c opping was done, using (Ikom Local Whi e Maize a ie y).
Field ip o di e en a eas whe e maize is u ilized adi ionally
was unde aken alongside close obse a ion o local people who
we e gi en la ge quan i ies o maize. Da a on maize p oduc ion
end, o al g ain p oduc ion, pe cen age o maize g ain, a ea o
land de o ed o maize cul i a ion and p ice o maize was ob ained
om Cen al Bank o Nige ia, CBN [8], om 1980 o 1989. And
consul a ion o ele an esea ch indings li e a u e was he me h-
ods used in collec ion and colla ion o da a o his in es iga ion.
3. Resul s and discussions
Resul o analysis o da a indica ed a huge income been gene a ed
om maize p oduc ion, managemen and sales, he eby ag eeing
wi h he indings o Ayeni [7], whe e he esea che s a ed maize
been used as a local ‘cash c op’ o income gene a ion as obse ed
in he p ice o Maize om 1980 o 1989, as p esen ed in (Table 1).
The a e age o all he da a analyzed indica ed inc eased in he
land a ea de o ed o maize cul i a ion, he eby con i ming he
esea ch indings o Ha mans [5], which p esen ed Nige ia o be
he highes p oduce o he c op in A ica. The analysis also p e-
sen ed he ac ha , as he yea doubles, mo e land a ea a e been
pu in o maize cul i a ion, owing o he abili y o he c op o be
able o s i e in all ag o-ecological zones o he coun y, and pa -
ly because he c op could be used o comba global ood sho ages,
educing household hunge and malnu i ion, especially in de el-
oping coun ies.
O icial Exchange a e (whe e N135 = 1US$)
Numbe o yea = N, whe e N = 10.
Whe e, SUM
N = A e age Value
Resul o yea s and p ice analysis as ep esen ed in (Figu e 3)
indica ed inc eased in p ice owing o he high economic alue o
he c op. G oss inc eased obse ed in land a ea de o ed o maize
p oduc ion p esen ed he c op as one o he mos impo an ood
c ops in he coun y, he eby ag eeing wi h he submission o
Pu seglo e [1]; Osagie and Eka [2], we e hei esea ch indings
p esen ed maize o be cul i a ed o a la ge a eas o land, owning o
he c op impo ance as one o he mos widely u ilized c op glob-
ally.
Table 1: Economic Con ibu ion o Maize P oduc ion in Nige ia in Thousand Tonnes (1980 – 1989)
Yea
Maize
To al G ain
% o Maize
A ea o Land Plan ed o Maize (Ha)
P ice o Maize (N/ on)
1980
612
7026
8.7
5600
2500
1981
720
7588
9.5
982200
3000
1982
766
8108
9.4
130600
3000
1983
594
7465
8
148800
3000
1984
2,058.00
10719
19.2
11200
3000
1985
1,190.00
10765
11.1
211600
3000
1986
1,336.00
12149
11
211700
7000
1987
4,612.00
15714
29.3
211760
7000
1988
5,268.00
19269
27.3
211740
10000
1989
5,008.00
22432
22.3
211740
14000
Sum
22164
121235
155.8
2426940
55500
A e age
2216.4
12123.5
15.58
242694
5550
Fig. 3: Analyzed P ice/Con ibu ion o Maize o Nige ian Economy om (1980 – 1989).
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 7000 7000 10000 14000
P ice o Maize (N/ on)
Yea o P oduc ion Yea
P ice o Maize
108
In e na ional Jou nal o Scien i ic Wo ld
Table 2: Field C opping Analysis o Con ibu ion o Maize (Zea Mays L.) G ain Yield pe Plo and G ain Weigh o Inc eased Food P oduc ion and Eco-
nomic G ow h
T ea men
Weigh o 100 g ains (g)
G ain Yield/ plo (kg)
Con ol
3 ha−1
6 ha−1
9 ha−1
12 ha−1
LSD (p˂0.05)
25.00
25.00
50.00
50.00
83.00
12.16
0.925
1.333
1.450
1.700
1.691
0.227
Fig. 4: Analyzed Weigh o 100 G ains o Cul i a ed Maize (G).
Fig. 5: Analyzed G ain Yield/ Plo (Kg) o Cul i a ed Maize (G).
Field esul ob ained a e ha es ing as p esen ed in (Table 2, and
ep esen ed in Figu e 4/5) indica ed ha maize g ain p oduced was
signi ican (p˂0.05), and s ands o e he con ol. The e o e con-
i ming he su ey o Ha mans [5], which p esen ed maize o be
widely cul i a ed ac oss all ag o-ecological zones o he coun y,
in addi ion o he ac ha he c op is one o he as g owing cash
c ops in Nige ia. The ha es ed maize cobs we e gi en o he lo-
cals o u he con i m he esul o ield ip. I was obse ed ha
3 ou o 5 locals who we e gi en la ge quan i ies o maize sold he
p oduce o gene a e income, while he o he 2 whe e obse ed o
use he p oduce as ood o household eeding. This obse a ion
u he con i ms he esea ch indings o Ayeni [7]; Deg ande and
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Weigh o 100 g ains (g)
Le els o Maize P oduc ion
Weigh o 100 g ains (g)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
G ain Yield/ plo (kg)
Le els o Maize P oduc ion
G ain Yield/ plo (kg)
In e na ional Jou nal o Scien i ic Wo ld
109
Duguma [9], whose indings p esen ed maize as ha ing he po en-
ial o comba household hunge , apa om gene a ion o income
o he locals and o eign exchange ea nings o he coun y.
T adi ional u iliza ion o maize has been su eyed by a ious e-
sea che s. Resul o his in es iga ion e ealed maize s alk ex ac
been used o ea men o gono hea, his indings also con i ms
he su ey o AbdulRahaman [10], whe e he esea che epo ed
he c op been ac i e as he bal medica ion. In an he bal home su -
eyed, in usion ob ained om s igma o maize in lo escence was
obse ed o be used o ea men o u ina y ac diso de . Wa e
ob ained om maize g ain p ocessing in we lou , pap and o he
ela ed p oduc was obse ed o use o he bal ea men o e e
and e e - ela ed illness like mala ia, his esea ch indings u he
con i ms he su ey o AbdulRahaman and Kolawole [11]. T adi-
ional maize u iliza ion also include usage o maize g ain by he
local people o Obub a in cha m making, which he locals be-
lie ed can keep an indi idual sa e om his enemies. Maize has
been obse ed o be u ilized in adi ional i e, including adi ion-
al ma iages, whe e pa s o he c op is been used as a ma e ial o
incan a ion o s ongly uni e/join wo indi idual (couple) oge he .
4. Conclusion
Resul o he su ey p o es ha p oduc ion, managemen , u iliza-
ion and sales o maize ha e imp o ed he economy o Nige ia.
Analyzed da a indica ed ha p oduc ion o maize inc eased as he
numbe o yea inc eases, his could be p obably due o he in-
c eased in human popula ion and he abili y o he c op o s i e in
all ag o-ecological zones o he coun y. The su ey on adi ional
u iliza ion o maize indica ed ha maize has medicinal, spi i ual,
including die a y alues, apa om se ing as a means o in-
come/ o eign exchange ea nings.
5. Recommenda ion
F om he esul o he s udy, i could be ecommended ha mo e
hec a es o a able land should be de o ed o maize cul i a ion,
owning o he ac ha he c op has been ound o be a mul i-
pu pose c op, se ing no only as ood, bu as a pa o he adi-
ion o some o he A ican cul u e, while in- u n p esen ing an
a enue we e human/animal heal h can be main ain h ough i u ili-
za ion in he bal adi ional medicine, as eed o li es ock man-
agemen , and as aw ma e ial o indus ial p oduc ion.
Re e ences
[1] Pu seglo e, J. W. (1992). T opical C ops: Monoco yledones.
Longman Scien i ic and Technical, New Yo k. Pp. 300-305.
[2] Osagie, A. U. and Eka, O. U. [Eds.] (1998). Nu i ional Quali y o
Plan Foods. Pos -Ha es Resea ch Uni , Uni e si y o Benin, Be-
nin. Pp. 34-41.
[3] Iheko onye, A. L. and Ngoddy, P. O. (1965). In eg a ed Food Sci-
ence and Technology o T opics. Macmillan Publishe , Hong
Kong. P. 386.
[4] Kochha , S. L. (1986). T opical C ops: A Texbook o Economic
BOTANY. Macmillan Publishe s, Hong Kong. Pp. 88-95.
[5] Ha mans, E. H. (1985). S a egies o Sol ing C op P oduc ion
P oblems o Sub-Saha an A ica. In e na ional Ins i u e o T opical
Ag icul u e, Ibadan, Nige ia 7 – 8.
[6] IITA, In e na ional Ins i u e o T opical Ag icul u e (2014). Maize
(Zea mays L.) p oduc ion. h p://www.ii a.o g/maize. Accessed
Ap il1 2013.
[7] Ayeni, A. O. (1991). “Maize P oduc ion in Nige ia: P oblems and
P ospec s”. Jou nal o Food and Ag icul u e, 2: 123-129.
[8] CBN, Cen al Bank o Nige ia (1992). Annual Repo and S a e-
men o Accoun . Cen al Bank o Nige ia, Lagos. P. 78.
[9] Deg ande, A. and Duguma, B. (2000). Adop ion Po en ial o Ro a-
ional ow In e c opping in Humid and Ex ension Ne wo k (103): 1-
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[10] AbdulRahaman, A. A. (1997). Medicinal Impo ance o Plan In:
The F on ie s. 1s ed. Edi ed by K. A. Omo oshe. Elepo P ess. Ilo -
in. Pp. 22 – 25.
[11] AbdulRahaman, A. A. and Kolawole, O. M. (2006). T adi ional
P epa a ions and Uses o Maize in Nige ia. E hnobo anical Lea -
le s, 10: 219-227.
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