Pe a iu, Radu Ioan e al.
A icle
Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume 's Beha iou in
he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan
Am i ea u Economic
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
The Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Pe a iu, Radu Ioan e al. (2023) : Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume 's
Beha iou in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan, Am i ea u Economic, ISSN 2247-9104, The Bucha es
Uni e si y o Economic S udies, Bucha es , Vol. 25, Iss. 64, pp. 743-759,
h ps://doi.o g/10.24818/EA/2023/64/743
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Clean, Di e si ied, and A o dable Ene gy o he Eu opean Union
in he Con ex o he REPowe EU Plan
AE
Vol. 25 • No. 64 • Augus 2023 743
ANALYSIS OF RESPONSIBLE ENERGY CONSUMER’S BEHAVIOUR
IN THE CONTEXT OF REPowe EU PLAN
Radu Ioan Pe a iu1, Ma ian Năs ase2, Gab iel C oi o u3,
Nicole a Valen ina Flo ea4, Nicole a C is ache5
and Mihaela C is ina Onica Ibinceanu6
1),2) Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies, Bucha es , Romania.
3),4) Valahia Uni e si y o Tâ go iș e, Tâ go iș e, Romania.
5),6) “Dună ea de Jos” Uni e si y o Galați, Galați, Romania.
Please ci e his a icle as:
Pe a iu, R.I., Năs ase, M., C oi o u, G., Flo ea, N.V.,
C is ache, N. and Onica Ibiceanu, M.C., 2023. Analysis o
Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou in he Con ex
o REPowe EU Plan. Am i ea u Economic, 25(64),
pp. 743-759.
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.24818/EA/2023/64/743
A icle His o y
Recei ed: 25 Ma ch 2023
Re ised: 25 May 2023
Accep ed: 28 June 2023
Abs ac
The plane 's esou ces a e ini e and mus be used a ionally and esponsibly o ensu e a
sus ainable economy. On he basis o mode n inno a ions and echnologies, new sou ces o
consump ion o new ways o educe he en i onmen al impac o consump ion can be ound.
Changes in he ex e nal en i onmen and inc edibly dis up i e in e na ional e en s
signi ican ly in luence consume beha iou . In iew o geopoli ical changes, he ene gy
c isis, Russia's in asion o Uk aine, and he ins abili y o he ene gy ma ke , he Eu opean
Commission has d awn up a se ies o plans o ensu e Eu ope's independence om Russia's
ene gy esou ces. Resea ch ocusses on analysing he beha iou o esponsible ene gy
consume s as pa o he objec i es o REPowe EU and ANRE (Romanian Ene gy
Regula o y Au ho i y). To his end, 250 ene gy consume s we e in e iewed o obse e hei
pa icipa ion in educing ene gy consump ion and he measu es implemen ed acco ding o
he REPowe EU plan. The consume s in ol ed in he s udy ha e al eady implemen ed some
impo an measu es ha ha e led o awa eness o he nega i e consequences o geopoli ical
ins abili y and he impac o na u al esou ce consump ion.
Keywo ds: Responsible ene gy consume beha iou , enewable sou ces, ene gy p ices,
social and demog aphic a iables, ene gy consump ion, ene gy policy, sus ainable
de elopmen .
JEL classi ica ion: O13, O44, Q01, Q2, Q4
*Co esponding au ho , Năs ase Ma ian – e-mail: [email p o ec ed]
This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion License, which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in
any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. © 2023 The Au ho (s).
AE
Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou
in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan
744 Am i ea u Economic
In oduc ion
Na u al esou ces a e limi ed, so we need o beha e esponsibly by consuming hem, based
on sus ainable hinking, eco-economics, and he p o ec ion o global and local ecosys ems.
As he popula ion g ows, he consump ion o na u al esou ces, especially ene gy, is
inc easing, and he ene gy consump ion p o ile is domina ed by ossil uels as non- enewable
ene gy sou ces (84% o o al ene gy in 2019). Thus, enewable ene gy sou ces (sola , wind,
hyd o and geo he mal) should inc ease he consump ion. In esponse o he objec i es o
e icien use o ene gy esou ces o dec ease he dependence o EU coun ies on Russian
ene gy esou ces, he REPowe EU plan (Eu opean G een Deal, 2019) has been de eloped:
o mo i a e Eu opean consume s o sa e ene gy, o s imula e he p oduc ion o clean ene gy
and o s imula e indus y o di e si y he p oduc ion o ene gy sou ces and consume s o use
di e en ene gy sou ces.
The causes o he ene gy c isis a e di e se, many o hem known, o which we can men ion
only a ew, bu all wi h a majo impac bo h on he EU and Romanian economy. Fo example,
he COVID-19 c isis, he cons an and con inuous ise in p ices, and he Russian in asion o
Uk aine ha e led o a global ene gy c isis, in luencing ene gy consump ion wo ldwide o
indi iduals. The p ice o elec ici y in he EU is con ingen on a ious ac o s, such as he
geopoli ical si ua ion, he eliance on a ious impo s, supply and demand, excise and ax
le els, un a ou able wea he condi ions, g id cos s, each coun y's ene gy si ua ion, and
speci ic en i onmen al cos s. The Ap il 2022 epo by Eu os a , he Eu opean Commission's
s a is ical o ice, showed ha Romania anked i s in he EU in a e age household elec ici y
p ices, eco ding an undesi able eco d ( he inc ease was +112%). Acco ding o Eu os a , in
he second hal o 2022, a e age EU household elec ici y p ices con inued o show an
inc ease compa ed o he same pe iod in 2021. Thus, om an a e age o €23.5 pe 100 kWh
in 2021, i ose o €28.4 in 2022 (wi h Romania well abo e his le el a €34.11).
In esponse o his c isis, EU go e nmen s ha e p oposed a numbe o measu es o manage
he ene gy c isis: sa ing ene gy as he sa es , cheapes and cleanes way o educe dependence
on impo s om Russia, p ice caps, consume ouche s, empo a y ax exemp ions o
educed axes, lump sum suppo , and some coun ies ha e e en applied egula ed p ices,
ci izen awa eness wi h a posi i e impac on p ices, di ec ly educing ene gy bills, making he
economy mo e esilien and accele a ing he EU's ansi ion o clean ene gy. The EU
Commission has p oposed o achie e enewables om 40% o 45% by 2030, and he
REPowe EU plan would b ing he o al enewable ene gy gene a ion capaci y om 1067 GW
o 1236 GW by 2030 (Eu opa.eu, 2019).
O he ways o dec ease ene gy consump ion include:
 e icien use o household appliances, ligh ing swi ch o , swi ching mo e o public
anspo and educing hea ing empe a u es,
 in o ming on dis ibu ion and p ocu emen o ene gy op ions, wo king wi h
in e na ional ene gy o ganisa ions o iden i y and p omo e he mos e ec i e ene gy sa ing
ac ions,
 in o ming and educa ing indi iduals and amilies abou he mo e e icien use o ene gy.
 using inno a ion, new echnologies, and eco-inno a ion o de elop sma ci ies, sma
homes, and sma consume s.
The uniqueness o his s udy is he analysis o he esponsible beha iou o consume s in
Tâ go iș e, Romania, and he deg ee o implemen a ion o he measu es p oposed a he
Eu opean le el h ough he RePowe ERU plan and locally h ough ANRE.
Clean, Di e si ied, and A o dable Ene gy o he Eu opean Union
in he Con ex o he REPowe EU Plan
AE
Vol. 25 • No. 64 • Augus 2023 745
This s udy begins wi h he In oduc ion sec ion, whe e opics such as na u al esou ce
consump ion and he ole o enewable esou ces a e p esen ed and discussed. The esea ch
me hodology uses a su ey ha analyses he u u e beha iou o ene gy consume s in
Romania based on he measu es de eloped by he RePowe EU plan and local policies in he
indus y. The esul s a e p esen ed and sec ions on discussed, and sec ions on Conclusions
and P oposals a e elabo a ed. A discussion sec ion is de eloped o ind u u e oppo uni ies
o indi iduals, socie y, and he en i onmen .
1. Re iew o he speci ic li e a u e and esea ch hypo heses
1.1. Speci ic li e a u e e iew
The pe o mance o na u al esou ce managemen has ecei ed much a en ion as i ela es o
he sus ainable de elopmen o a socie y and economy (Zhang e al., 2022; Tyc, 2020),
esponsible consump ion (S anisic e al., 2022), conse a ion o na u al esou ces (Khan e
al., 2022), building a g een en i onmen (Qiu e al., 2022; Jančíko á and Pász o o á, 2021),
engaging ci izens in he sus ainabili y o esou ce consump ion (Chau e al., 2022) and he
use o non- enewable ene gy sou ces (Opeyemi, 2021).
Va ious poli ical (poli ical ins abili y due o he Russian-Uk ainian wa , which also led o he
ene gy c isis) (Halkos and Zisiadou, 2023), economic ( ising ene gy cos s, ising demand o
ene gy) (Smal and Wiep ow, 2023), social (popula ion g ow h) (Mohseni e al., 2022),
en i onmen al and legisla i e ac o s ha e led o in luencing global ene gy consump ion o
indi iduals (Su ahman e al., 2022). The p oblems ha ha e a isen ha e led he go e nmen s
o each EU membe coun y o ind a ious ways o educe ene gy consump ion, such as
e icien use o household appliances, u ning o ligh s, educing hea ing empe a u es,
p ope in o ma ion on pu chasing ene gy op ions (Eu opean Commission, 2022), o sa ing
household ene gy, which accoun s o he la ges sha e in consump ion (Alexand u and
Ji a u, 2007).
The e a e o he ways o educe ene gy consump ion, o example:
 building in ene gy sma ci ies (Liang e al., 2022), use o dayligh , sola shading, and
na u al en ila ion (Hax e al., 2022), educ ion o ai condi ioning consump ion (Eu opean
Commission, 2022), ze o-pollu ion e apo a i e cooling sys ems a e p e e ed o educe
consump ion;
 u ning o inno a ions and new ene gy sou ces (Shah e al., 2023), al e na i e ene gy
sou ces (Tyu ina e al., 2023), and using clean ene gy (Dolgun e al., 2023), o achie e
dependence on na u al esou ce consump ion (Lasisi e al., 2022);
 imp o ing en i onmen al quali y h ough educed consump ion o na u al esou ces, in
line wi h he 2005 Kyo o P o ocol (Khalid, Hani and Rasul, 2022);
 use o sma home appliances (Aksanli and Rosing, 2020), use o he a e age
consump ion indica o , educ ion o peak hou consump ion, and imp o emen o com o
le els (Ahmad e al., 2021);
 mo e equen use o public anspo (Jing e al., 2022) o cos -sa ing elec ic buses
(Liu e al., 2022);
 educing ene gy consump ion when ene gy p ices a e highe (Ma yasin and Lukasho ,
2022), p omo ing ene gy sys em e o m in u al a eas (Liu e al., 2022). Na u al esou ce
p ices luc ua e (Li e al., 2022), and dispa i y in ene gy consump ion is he key o p oduc
AE
Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou
in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan
746 Am i ea u Economic
p icing (Zhang e al., 2022). They a e ola ile (Zhou e al., 2022), becoming an impo an
global issue, especially o policy make s and esea che s. Acco ding o o icial da a,
elec ici y p ices a he EU-27 le el a e con inuously inc easing ( om 0.172 kW in 2010 o
0.220 kW in 2021). Romania eco ded 0.153 Kw-hou s in 2021 (Eu os a , 2020b);
 eplacemen o old bulbs wi h LEDs (80% less consump ion) (Na ional Ene gy
Regula o y Au ho i y, 2022);
 pe o mance o egula ene gy audi s, Romanian ene gy p ice caps (L.357/2022),
na ional suppo p og ammes, p edic i e con ol, ea ly aul de ec ion, use o modelling in
ene gy consump ion (An and Ma, 2022) and quali y ene gy policies using senso s and
In e ne o Things (IoT) o sma con ol o appliances.
1.2. Resea ch hypo heses
1.2.1. REPowe -EU and ANRE in o ma ion and esponsible ene gy beha iou
The sus ainabili y o na u al esou ces has become a global issue (OECD, 2020; Zaka i e al.,
2022) and is conside ed i al in add essing clima e change o sca ce ene gy esou ces (Tan
e al., 2022).
The sha e o enewable ene gy inc eased signi ican ly om 14.54% in 2011 o 22.09% in
2020 (Eu os a , 2022), wi h he EU app oxima ely 2% abo e he a ge . The sha e o
enewables in g oss inal ene gy consump ion was 9.6% in 2004, an achie emen adop ed by
Di ec i e 2009/28/EC (EC Di ec i e, 2009). The COVID-19 pandemic has a ec ed he
dec ease in ossil uel consump ion (Jekabsone e al., 2022). Fo he EU-27 coun ies, he
a ge has been me , bu his ac ion was no possible o some EU membe s. Fo he Eu opean
G een Deal (EU Moni o , 2019), he a ge is o become he wo ld's i s clima e-neu al
con inen by 2050. In e es in consuming ene gy om enewable sou ces is obse ed, om
1555 (Twh) in 2000 o 3243 (Twh) in 2020 (OECD, 2020). ANRE has also been cons an ly
in ol ed in his in o ma ion campaign, ecei ing anspa en in o ma ion om subsc ibe s
on p ices and a i s, in o ma ion using he media ( adio, TV, lea le s) o on ac ual elec ici y
consump ion, and he ad an ages and isks o he con ac s concluded (www.an e. o).
To achie e en i onmen al sus ainabili y, i is essen ial o shi om ene gy de i ed om
'di y' ossil uels o 'clean', enewable sou ces (Pa a e al., 2022). In o ming ci izens can lead
o educed ene gy consump ion and bills h ough he use o mode n g een manu ac u ing
(Liu e al., 2022) and he Indus ial In e ne o Things (I-IoT), as well as be e moni o ing o
ene gy consump ion (Tian e al., 2022). Thus, i can be concluded ha :
H1 - The e is a s ong and posi i e ela ionship be ween he in o ma ion p o ided by local
dis ibu o s (ANRE) and he measu es p oposed by he REPowe EU plan and he beha iou
o esponsible ene gy consume s.
1.2.2 Ene gy consump ion and women's esponsibili y
Due o indus ialisa ion, popula ion g ow h, and li ing s anda ds, ene gy has become
inc easingly impo an (Demi cioğlu and EsIyok, 2022). Ene gy consump ion le els a e o en
linked o he economic g ow h o coun ies (Du an e al., 2022). Households a e esponsible
o almos 30% o inal ene gy consump ion a he EU le el (Eu os a , 2020a), so i is e y
impo an o p omo e sus ainable ene gy consump ion in households (S eimikiene e al.,
2022). The inal ene gy consump ion a he EU-27 le el was 906.8 (million onnes o oil
equi alen ) and Romania 23.5%. Be ween 2010 and 2020, inal ene gy consump ion
dec eased (1024 m oe in 2010) and Romania expe ienced a slow inc ease om 2.6 and,
espec i ely, 22.5 m oe (Eu os a , 2021).

Clean, Di e si ied, and A o dable Ene gy o he Eu opean Union
in he Con ex o he REPowe EU Plan
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Vol. 25 • No. 64 • Augus 2023 747
Many s udies ha e ound ha women a e mo e conce ned abou en i onmen al quali y and
pa icipa ion in en i onmen al ac i i ies (Senjawa i e al., 2018). Mos s udies indica e a
posi i e and s a is ically signi ican in luence o enewable ene gy consump ion on economic
g ow h (Be adia e al., 2022). A s udy in 2021 indica ed ha he sha e o women in he
labou ma ke led o an inc ease in enewable ene gy consump ion. The e o e, women ha e
a posi i e ole in sus ainable de elopmen (Mujeed e al., 2021). Unde hese ci cums ances,
we can s a e ha :
H2 - Women a e mo e esponsible han men o ene gy consump ion.
1.2.3. Ene gy consump ion and educa ion le el o he popula ion
Some s udies ha e shown ha he e is a signi ican associa ion be ween household ene gy
consump ion and educa ional le el (Liu X. e al., 2020; Wang e al., 2020; Aixiang, 2011).
Inc easing he le el o educa ion can lead o ene gy conse a ion (Jia, Zhang and Xu, 2022).
And ano he s udy shows ha he e ec s o inc easing he educa ion le el ha e a mode a e
impac on ene gy consump ion (Osun uyi and Lean, 2023).
The e o e, his p ocess o educa ing he popula ion is a challenge o change a i udes owa d
educing domes ic ene gy consump ion. A numbe o me hods ha e been p oposed o
pe suade he popula ion o ha e his sus ainable beha iou h ough a se ies o educa ional
app oaches such as he game-based app oach, con incing games, and aimed a changing
nega i e habi s o high ene gy consump ion o he in o ma ion-based app oach o
collabo a ion and compe i ion (Madei a e al., 2011). So, we can conclude ha :
H3 - A mo e educa ed pe son is mo e esponsible o ene gy consump ion.
1.2.4. Ene gy consump ion and age o he popula ion
The esul s showed ha when mo e ime is spen a home (e.g., o e i ed people), household
elec ici y consump ion inc eases by 20.03% o 32.13% and is mo e p esen among hose
elde ly bu wi h high income, high le el o educa ion, and good heal h (Zhu and Lin, 2022).
O he s udies ha e indica ed ha coun ies wi h an olde popula ion (e.g., Aus alia) ace he
p oblem o inc eased domes ic ene gy consump ion; he e o e, s uc u al measu es ha e been
p oposed and beha iou al ac o s ha e been analysed o help suppo e icien esiden ial
ene gy consump ion. By de eloping e ec i e policies and ini ia i es, hey can lead o be e
wel a e, educed ene gy cos s h ough success ul home managemen , and educed ca bon
emissions om he popula ion (Romanach e al., 2017). As ea ly as 2001, a s udy in Romania
s a es ha om a supplie 's poin o iew, i is mo e sus ainable o in es in he consume
han in gene a ion, ansmission, o dis ibu ion. The de elopmen s a egies o he
dis ibu ion company in Romania h ough RENEL's own p og ammes ha e alloca ed
signi ican unds o he pu chase o LED bulbs especially o household consume s,
especially elde ly people (la ge consume s) and o he budge sec o (hospi als, o phanages,
schools, and o he ins i u ions) (Bu lacu, 2001). Fo hese easons, he ollowing hypo hesis
is p oposed:
H4 - Olde people consume mo e ene gy.
1.2.5. Ene gy consump ion and income
The e is a causal ela ionship be ween economic g ow h and ene gy consump ion in he sho
and medium e m (Tan e al., 2022). The annual GDP g ow h a e allows compa isons o
economic de elopmen (Eu os a , 2022), and o EU-27 coun ies, i has inc eased om 2.2%
in 2010 o 5.4% in 2021. The alues ha e also eco ded nega i e alues, he peak being
du ing he pandemic pe iod, 2020 (-5.7%). In Romania, 5.1% was eco ded in 2021 and -
AE
Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou
in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan
748 Am i ea u Economic
3.7% du ing he pandemic (2020). Some s udies ha e indica ed ha he e is an impo an link
be ween household ene gy consump ion and household income (Liu e al., 2020); an inc ease
in income inc eases ene gy consump ion and an inc ease in ene gy p ices educes ene gy
consump ion (Tang e al., 2022), especially o low-income households and leads o he use
o pho o ol aic panels o small wind u bines using hyb id ene gy sys ems o lowe ene gy
cos s (Kgopana and Popoola, 2023). The e o e, we de elop he ollowing hypo hesis:
H5 - Signi ican ly highe income leads o highe ene gy consump ion.
2. Resea ch me hodology
2.1. Resea ch objec i es
The p edic ion o ene gy consump ion is signi ican o ene gy sa ings and ene gy secu i y,
so he esea ch ocusses on achie ing an impo an objec i e: analysing he beha iou o
esponsible ene gy consume s in Romania, as pa o he p oposed objec i es o he
REPowe EU plan. O he objec i es: he analysis o willingness o educe ene gy
consump ion and he measu es applied acco ding o REPowe EU plan, he di ision o
consume s in o h ee ene gy consump ion ca ego ies and he de e mina ion o he socio-
demog aphic a iables impac on esponsible ene gy consump ion beha iou . E- iews and
SPSS we e used o da a analysis.
2.2. Analysis o ene gy consume beha iou in he con ex o he REPowe EU pu pose
250 ene gy consume s we e su eyed o obse e hei willingness and commi men o educe
ene gy consump ion and he measu es hey ha e implemen ed acco ding o he REPowe EU
plan.
Sample size - A ques ionnai e was dis ibu ed among ene gy consume s in he municipali y
o Tâ go iș e, Dâmbo ița Coun y, Romania. The sampling me hod chosen was he non-
p obabili y o non- andom, con enience me hod, in which people easily eached we e
included: acquain ances, colleagues, s uden s, mas e 's s uden s, PhD s uden s, all being
ene gy consume s.
Ques ionnai e - The ques ionnai e included 32 s a emen s on esponden s' in ol emen in
educing ene gy consump ion and speci ic measu es applied.
Table no. 1. Demog aphic cha ac e is ics
Va iable
Topic
N
%
Va iable
Topic
N
%
Gende
Female
20
1
80.4
Ma i al
s a us
Ma ied wi hou
child en
154
61.6
Male
49
19.6
Ma ied wi h
child en
11
4.4
Le el o
educa ion
High school
educa ion
71
28.4
Single wi hou
child en
2
0.8
Bachelo
81
32.4
Single wi h
child en
83
33.2
Mas e
71
28.4
Posi ion
Employee
205
82
Doc o a e
27
10.8
Managemen
posi ion
45
18
Age
2<20 yea s
78
31.2
Owning
p ope y
Pe sonal p ope y
245
98
21-29 yea s old
29
11.6
Leased p ope y
5
2
430-39 yea s
3
1.2
<RON 1600
16
6.4
Clean, Di e si ied, and A o dable Ene gy o he Eu opean Union
in he Con ex o he REPowe EU Plan
AE
Vol. 25 • No. 64 • Augus 2023 749
Va iable
Topic
N
%
Va iable
Topic
N
%
40-49 yea s
13
8
55.2
Ne
income
RON 2.1601-2500
93
37.2
>50-59 yea s
2
0.8
RON 3.2501-4000
61
24.4
RON 4.4001-5500
49
19.6
Househol
d ype
House
21
8
87.2
> RON 5501
31
12.4
Apa men
32
12.8
Sou ce: Au ho s' calcula ions using SPSS 20.
The e alua ion heading used Like 's scale om 1 (s ongly disag ee) o 5 (s ongly ag ee).
The esponden s illed in he su ey ques ionnai e be ween No embe and Decembe 2022.
O 275 ques ionnai es, 264 we e ecei ed and 250 we e usable (94 we e comple ed online
and 156 ace- o- ace), wi h a esponse a e o 90.9%. Table 1 desc ibes he demog aphics o
he esponden s: emale (75%) and male (25%). Mos o he esponden s a e in he age g oup
o 40-49 yea s (55.2%), wi hou a managemen posi ion (82%), ma ied wi h child en
(61.6%), 98% ha e pe sonal p ope y and 87.2% own a house, and wi h espec o he le el
o educa ion, 32.4% ha e a bachelo 's deg ee, 28.4% a high school deg ee and a mas e 's
deg ee, and 10.8% ha e a doc o a e deg ee (Table 1). The desc ip ion o da a se ies
dis ibu ions is shown in Table no. 2.
Table no. 2. Desc ip i e s a is ics
Fea u e
Mean
Fea u e
Mean
C1- once consumed,
na u al esou ces a e los
4.27
M1- Disconnec
household appliances
4.29
M12- I ha e
educed ai
condi ioning usage
ime
4.29
C2- esponsible indi idual
beha iou has a posi i e
impac on ene gy consump ion
3.99
M2- I a oid using
household appliances
du ing peak hou s
3.23
M13- I ha e educed
he he mos a
empe a u e o low
consump ion
3.75
C3- esponsible beha iou
will ha e an impac on
educing ene gy cos s
4.22
M3- I use he
washing machine a
ull load capaci y
3.74
M14- I ha e
educed my daily
showe ime o
sa e money
3.17
I1- We lea n abou he
RePowe EU measu es as a
esul o he uns able
geopoli ical si ua ion.
3.97
M4- I ha e educed he
high empe a u e and
he washing ime o
clo hes
3.57
M15- I ha e
educed he
en ila ion ime o
he ooms
3.17
I2- The local ene gy
dis ibu o (ANRE) has
in o med me abou measu es
o educe ene gy consump ion.
3.87
M5- I ha e educed
he use o long
washing p og ammes
3.65
M16- I ha e eplaced
old appliances wi h
newe ones and
educed ene gy
consump ion
3.72
I3- I am mo e esponsible
o my ene gy
consump ion since ANRE
in o med me abou
e iciency measu es.
4.35
M6- I do no le he
eeze o m ice
lakes o low
consump ion
3.78
M17- I do no le
he ap use he
wa e when I b ush
my ee h
4.05
I4- I unde s and he
consequences o
i esponsible ene gy
consump ion beha iou
4.30
M7- I ha e emo ed
he eeze and
e ige a o om he
hea ing sou ce
3.92
M18- I do no
lea e he ap
unning when I
wash he dishes
3.82
AE
Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou
in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan
750 Am i ea u Economic
Fea u e
Mean
Fea u e
Mean
I5- E e y consume , i
esponsible, would sa e
money.
4.44
M8- I u n o he
elec ici y when I
lea e he oom.
4.42
M19- I d i e
ehicles mo e
economically
3.81
I6- Ou homes a e ou
la ges ene gy consume s
4.00
M9- I do no use
elec ici y when he e is
na u al ligh .
4.54
M20- I use public
anspo and ac i e
mobili y mo e
equen ly
3.45
I7- The e ige a o is he
bigges consume o
elec ici y in he house
3.54
M10- I ins alled
ene gy sa ing ligh
bulbs in he house
(LED)
4.34
M21- I use senso s
o low ene gy
consump ion
1.98
M11- I ha e educed
he he mos a
empe a u e o educe
ene gy cos s.
4.16
M22- I u n on
household
appliances o hea
using IoT
1.26
Sou ce: Au ho s’ calcula ions using E- iews 10
*No e: C-Beha iou , I-In o ma ion and M-Measu es
F om he esea ch, h ee ypes o ene gy consump ion beha iou we e obse ed (acco ding
o measu es M1-M22):
 Ac i e ene gy consume beha iou (3.67 - 5 poin s) was eco ded in 14 o 22 measu es,
such as M1, M3, M6, M7-M13 and M16-M19. Being en i onmen ally esponsible by
becoming esponsible ene gy consume s is indica ed by he ollowing measu es: unplugging
elec ical appliances, using he washing machine a ull capaci y, keeping he e ige a o
om eezing o mo ing i away om he hea ing sou ce, u ning o he ligh when lea ing
he oom o no using i when he e is na u al dayligh , ins alling LED ligh bulbs, educing
he oom empe a u e on he he mos a o educe cos s and consump ion o na u al esou ces,
and educing he ime o ai condi ioning use. These consume s ha e also inc eased hei
con ibu ion o imp o ing he en i onmen and ene gy cos s by eplacing old ene gy-
consuming appliances wi h new ones, u ning o he wa e when b ushing ee h o washing
dishes, o educing ehicle use.
 Passi e beha iou o ene gy consume s (2.34-3.66 poin s): M2, M4, M5, M14, M15,
M20 - six measu es. As passi e ene gy consume s, in e es is low o he esponden s who
answe ed ha a oiding using household appliances o long hou s, educing he empe a u e
o ime o wash clo hes, educing he ime o a daily showe o ai ing he oom, and using
public anspo and ac i e mo emen a e o medium in e es .
 An indi e en beha iou o ene gy consume s (1- 2.33 poin s): M21, M22- wo
measu es indica ing ha Romanian consume s a e no ye eady o change in e ms o using
new echnologies o educe ene gy consump ion and cos s; he low sco e o using senso s o
IoT o educe ene gy consump ion in a sma way and become g een ene gy consume s is a
he beginning.
Below is desc ibed he eg ession unc ion be ween he dependen a iable (being C2-
esponsible ene gy consump ion) and he independen a iables: gende , ne income,
pe sonal s a us, p ope y ype, age, educa ion le el, p ope y, posi ion. The eg ession
equa ion is as ollows:
Resp en cons = a + b × gende + c × ne income + d × s a e + e × p op ype + × age + g ×
edu le el + h × p op + i × pos (1)
Clean, Di e si ied, and A o dable Ene gy o he Eu opean Union
in he Con ex o he REPowe EU Plan
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