Analysis of Responsible Energy Consumer's Behaviour in the Context of REPowerEU Plan

Pe a iu, Radu Ioan e al. A icle Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume 's Beha iou in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan Am i ea u Economic P o ided in Coope a ion wi h: The Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies Sugges ed Ci a ion: Pe a iu, Radu Ioan e al. (2023) : Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume 's Beha iou in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan, Am i ea u Economic, ISSN 2247-9104, The Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies, Bucha es , Vol. 25, Iss. 64, pp. 743-759, h ps://doi.o g/10.24818/EA/2023/64/743 This Ve sion is a ailable a : h ps://hdl.handle.ne /10419/281730 S anda d-Nu zungsbedingungen: Die Dokumen e au EconS o dü en zu eigenen wissenscha lichen Zwecken und zum P i a geb auch gespeiche und kopie we den. Sie dü en die Dokumen e nich ü ö en liche ode komme zielle Zwecke e iel äl igen, ö en lich auss ellen, ö en lich zugänglich machen, e eiben ode ande wei ig nu zen. So e n die Ve asse die Dokumen e un e Open-Con en -Lizenzen (insbesonde e CC-Lizenzen) zu Ve ügung ges ell haben soll en, gel en abweichend on diesen Nu zungsbedingungen die in de do genann en Lizenz gewäh en Nu zungs ech e. Te ms o use: Documen s in EconS o may be sa ed and copied o you pe sonal and schola ly pu poses. You a e no o copy documen s o public o comme cial pu poses, o exhibi he documen s publicly, o make hem publicly a ailable on he in e ne , o o dis ibu e o o he wise use he documen s in public. I he documen s ha e been made a ailable unde an Open Con en Licence (especially C ea i e Commons Licences), you may exe cise u he usage igh s as speci ied in he indica ed licence. h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/ Clean, Di e si ied, and A o dable Ene gy o he Eu opean Union in he Con ex o he REPowe EU Plan AE Vol. 25 • No. 64 • Augus 2023 743 ANALYSIS OF RESPONSIBLE ENERGY CONSUMER’S BEHAVIOUR IN THE CONTEXT OF REPowe EU PLAN Radu Ioan Pe a iu1, Ma ian Năs ase2, Gab iel C oi o u3, Nicole a Valen ina Flo ea4, Nicole a C is ache5 and Mihaela C is ina Onica Ibinceanu6 1),2) Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies, Bucha es , Romania. 3),4) Valahia Uni e si y o Tâ go iș e, Tâ go iș e, Romania. 5),6) “Dună ea de Jos” Uni e si y o Galați, Galați, Romania. Please ci e his a icle as: Pe a iu, R.I., Năs ase, M., C oi o u, G., Flo ea, N.V., C is ache, N. and Onica Ibiceanu, M.C., 2023. Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan. Am i ea u Economic, 25(64), pp. 743-759. DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.24818/EA/2023/64/743 A icle His o y Recei ed: 25 Ma ch 2023 Re ised: 25 May 2023 Accep ed: 28 June 2023 Abs ac The plane 's esou ces a e ini e and mus be used a ionally and esponsibly o ensu e a sus ainable economy. On he basis o mode n inno a ions and echnologies, new sou ces o consump ion o new ways o educe he en i onmen al impac o consump ion can be ound. Changes in he ex e nal en i onmen and inc edibly dis up i e in e na ional e en s signi ican ly in luence consume beha iou . In iew o geopoli ical changes, he ene gy c isis, Russia's in asion o Uk aine, and he ins abili y o he ene gy ma ke , he Eu opean Commission has d awn up a se ies o plans o ensu e Eu ope's independence om Russia's ene gy esou ces. Resea ch ocusses on analysing he beha iou o esponsible ene gy consume s as pa o he objec i es o REPowe EU and ANRE (Romanian Ene gy Regula o y Au ho i y). To his end, 250 ene gy consume s we e in e iewed o obse e hei pa icipa ion in educing ene gy consump ion and he measu es implemen ed acco ding o he REPowe EU plan. The consume s in ol ed in he s udy ha e al eady implemen ed some impo an measu es ha ha e led o awa eness o he nega i e consequences o geopoli ical ins abili y and he impac o na u al esou ce consump ion. Keywo ds: Responsible ene gy consume beha iou , enewable sou ces, ene gy p ices, social and demog aphic a iables, ene gy consump ion, ene gy policy, sus ainable de elopmen . JEL classi ica ion: O13, O44, Q01, Q2, Q4 *Co esponding au ho , Năs ase Ma ian – e-mail: [email p o ec ed] This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License, which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. © 2023 The Au ho (s). AE Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan 744 Am i ea u Economic In oduc ion Na u al esou ces a e limi ed, so we need o beha e esponsibly by consuming hem, based on sus ainable hinking, eco-economics, and he p o ec ion o global and local ecosys ems. As he popula ion g ows, he consump ion o na u al esou ces, especially ene gy, is inc easing, and he ene gy consump ion p o ile is domina ed by ossil uels as non- enewable ene gy sou ces (84% o o al ene gy in 2019). Thus, enewable ene gy sou ces (sola , wind, hyd o and geo he mal) should inc ease he consump ion. In esponse o he objec i es o e icien use o ene gy esou ces o dec ease he dependence o EU coun ies on Russian ene gy esou ces, he REPowe EU plan (Eu opean G een Deal, 2019) has been de eloped: o mo i a e Eu opean consume s o sa e ene gy, o s imula e he p oduc ion o clean ene gy and o s imula e indus y o di e si y he p oduc ion o ene gy sou ces and consume s o use di e en ene gy sou ces. The causes o he ene gy c isis a e di e se, many o hem known, o which we can men ion only a ew, bu all wi h a majo impac bo h on he EU and Romanian economy. Fo example, he COVID-19 c isis, he cons an and con inuous ise in p ices, and he Russian in asion o Uk aine ha e led o a global ene gy c isis, in luencing ene gy consump ion wo ldwide o indi iduals. The p ice o elec ici y in he EU is con ingen on a ious ac o s, such as he geopoli ical si ua ion, he eliance on a ious impo s, supply and demand, excise and ax le els, un a ou able wea he condi ions, g id cos s, each coun y's ene gy si ua ion, and speci ic en i onmen al cos s. The Ap il 2022 epo by Eu os a , he Eu opean Commission's s a is ical o ice, showed ha Romania anked i s in he EU in a e age household elec ici y p ices, eco ding an undesi able eco d ( he inc ease was +112%). Acco ding o Eu os a , in he second hal o 2022, a e age EU household elec ici y p ices con inued o show an inc ease compa ed o he same pe iod in 2021. Thus, om an a e age o €23.5 pe 100 kWh in 2021, i ose o €28.4 in 2022 (wi h Romania well abo e his le el a €34.11). In esponse o his c isis, EU go e nmen s ha e p oposed a numbe o measu es o manage he ene gy c isis: sa ing ene gy as he sa es , cheapes and cleanes way o educe dependence on impo s om Russia, p ice caps, consume ouche s, empo a y ax exemp ions o educed axes, lump sum suppo , and some coun ies ha e e en applied egula ed p ices, ci izen awa eness wi h a posi i e impac on p ices, di ec ly educing ene gy bills, making he economy mo e esilien and accele a ing he EU's ansi ion o clean ene gy. The EU Commission has p oposed o achie e enewables om 40% o 45% by 2030, and he REPowe EU plan would b ing he o al enewable ene gy gene a ion capaci y om 1067 GW o 1236 GW by 2030 (Eu opa.eu, 2019). O he ways o dec ease ene gy consump ion include:  e icien use o household appliances, ligh ing swi ch o , swi ching mo e o public anspo and educing hea ing empe a u es,  in o ming on dis ibu ion and p ocu emen o ene gy op ions, wo king wi h in e na ional ene gy o ganisa ions o iden i y and p omo e he mos e ec i e ene gy sa ing ac ions,  in o ming and educa ing indi iduals and amilies abou he mo e e icien use o ene gy.  using inno a ion, new echnologies, and eco-inno a ion o de elop sma ci ies, sma homes, and sma consume s. The uniqueness o his s udy is he analysis o he esponsible beha iou o consume s in Tâ go iș e, Romania, and he deg ee o implemen a ion o he measu es p oposed a he Eu opean le el h ough he RePowe ERU plan and locally h ough ANRE. Clean, Di e si ied, and A o dable Ene gy o he Eu opean Union in he Con ex o he REPowe EU Plan AE Vol. 25 • No. 64 • Augus 2023 745 This s udy begins wi h he In oduc ion sec ion, whe e opics such as na u al esou ce consump ion and he ole o enewable esou ces a e p esen ed and discussed. The esea ch me hodology uses a su ey ha analyses he u u e beha iou o ene gy consume s in Romania based on he measu es de eloped by he RePowe EU plan and local policies in he indus y. The esul s a e p esen ed and sec ions on discussed, and sec ions on Conclusions and P oposals a e elabo a ed. A discussion sec ion is de eloped o ind u u e oppo uni ies o indi iduals, socie y, and he en i onmen . 1. Re iew o he speci ic li e a u e and esea ch hypo heses 1.1. Speci ic li e a u e e iew The pe o mance o na u al esou ce managemen has ecei ed much a en ion as i ela es o he sus ainable de elopmen o a socie y and economy (Zhang e al., 2022; Tyc, 2020), esponsible consump ion (S anisic e al., 2022), conse a ion o na u al esou ces (Khan e al., 2022), building a g een en i onmen (Qiu e al., 2022; Jančíko á and Pász o o á, 2021), engaging ci izens in he sus ainabili y o esou ce consump ion (Chau e al., 2022) and he use o non- enewable ene gy sou ces (Opeyemi, 2021). Va ious poli ical (poli ical ins abili y due o he Russian-Uk ainian wa , which also led o he ene gy c isis) (Halkos and Zisiadou, 2023), economic ( ising ene gy cos s, ising demand o ene gy) (Smal and Wiep ow, 2023), social (popula ion g ow h) (Mohseni e al., 2022), en i onmen al and legisla i e ac o s ha e led o in luencing global ene gy consump ion o indi iduals (Su ahman e al., 2022). The p oblems ha ha e a isen ha e led he go e nmen s o each EU membe coun y o ind a ious ways o educe ene gy consump ion, such as e icien use o household appliances, u ning o ligh s, educing hea ing empe a u es, p ope in o ma ion on pu chasing ene gy op ions (Eu opean Commission, 2022), o sa ing household ene gy, which accoun s o he la ges sha e in consump ion (Alexand u and Ji a u, 2007). The e a e o he ways o educe ene gy consump ion, o example:  building in ene gy sma ci ies (Liang e al., 2022), use o dayligh , sola shading, and na u al en ila ion (Hax e al., 2022), educ ion o ai condi ioning consump ion (Eu opean Commission, 2022), ze o-pollu ion e apo a i e cooling sys ems a e p e e ed o educe consump ion;  u ning o inno a ions and new ene gy sou ces (Shah e al., 2023), al e na i e ene gy sou ces (Tyu ina e al., 2023), and using clean ene gy (Dolgun e al., 2023), o achie e dependence on na u al esou ce consump ion (Lasisi e al., 2022);  imp o ing en i onmen al quali y h ough educed consump ion o na u al esou ces, in line wi h he 2005 Kyo o P o ocol (Khalid, Hani and Rasul, 2022);  use o sma home appliances (Aksanli and Rosing, 2020), use o he a e age consump ion indica o , educ ion o peak hou consump ion, and imp o emen o com o le els (Ahmad e al., 2021);  mo e equen use o public anspo (Jing e al., 2022) o cos -sa ing elec ic buses (Liu e al., 2022);  educing ene gy consump ion when ene gy p ices a e highe (Ma yasin and Lukasho , 2022), p omo ing ene gy sys em e o m in u al a eas (Liu e al., 2022). Na u al esou ce p ices luc ua e (Li e al., 2022), and dispa i y in ene gy consump ion is he key o p oduc AE Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan 746 Am i ea u Economic p icing (Zhang e al., 2022). They a e ola ile (Zhou e al., 2022), becoming an impo an global issue, especially o policy make s and esea che s. Acco ding o o icial da a, elec ici y p ices a he EU-27 le el a e con inuously inc easing ( om 0.172 kW in 2010 o 0.220 kW in 2021). Romania eco ded 0.153 Kw-hou s in 2021 (Eu os a , 2020b);  eplacemen o old bulbs wi h LEDs (80% less consump ion) (Na ional Ene gy Regula o y Au ho i y, 2022);  pe o mance o egula ene gy audi s, Romanian ene gy p ice caps (L.357/2022), na ional suppo p og ammes, p edic i e con ol, ea ly aul de ec ion, use o modelling in ene gy consump ion (An and Ma, 2022) and quali y ene gy policies using senso s and In e ne o Things (IoT) o sma con ol o appliances. 1.2. Resea ch hypo heses 1.2.1. REPowe -EU and ANRE in o ma ion and esponsible ene gy beha iou The sus ainabili y o na u al esou ces has become a global issue (OECD, 2020; Zaka i e al., 2022) and is conside ed i al in add essing clima e change o sca ce ene gy esou ces (Tan e al., 2022). The sha e o enewable ene gy inc eased signi ican ly om 14.54% in 2011 o 22.09% in 2020 (Eu os a , 2022), wi h he EU app oxima ely 2% abo e he a ge . The sha e o enewables in g oss inal ene gy consump ion was 9.6% in 2004, an achie emen adop ed by Di ec i e 2009/28/EC (EC Di ec i e, 2009). The COVID-19 pandemic has a ec ed he dec ease in ossil uel consump ion (Jekabsone e al., 2022). Fo he EU-27 coun ies, he a ge has been me , bu his ac ion was no possible o some EU membe s. Fo he Eu opean G een Deal (EU Moni o , 2019), he a ge is o become he wo ld's i s clima e-neu al con inen by 2050. In e es in consuming ene gy om enewable sou ces is obse ed, om 1555 (Twh) in 2000 o 3243 (Twh) in 2020 (OECD, 2020). ANRE has also been cons an ly in ol ed in his in o ma ion campaign, ecei ing anspa en in o ma ion om subsc ibe s on p ices and a i s, in o ma ion using he media ( adio, TV, lea le s) o on ac ual elec ici y consump ion, and he ad an ages and isks o he con ac s concluded (www.an e. o). To achie e en i onmen al sus ainabili y, i is essen ial o shi om ene gy de i ed om 'di y' ossil uels o 'clean', enewable sou ces (Pa a e al., 2022). In o ming ci izens can lead o educed ene gy consump ion and bills h ough he use o mode n g een manu ac u ing (Liu e al., 2022) and he Indus ial In e ne o Things (I-IoT), as well as be e moni o ing o ene gy consump ion (Tian e al., 2022). Thus, i can be concluded ha : H1 - The e is a s ong and posi i e ela ionship be ween he in o ma ion p o ided by local dis ibu o s (ANRE) and he measu es p oposed by he REPowe EU plan and he beha iou o esponsible ene gy consume s. 1.2.2 Ene gy consump ion and women's esponsibili y Due o indus ialisa ion, popula ion g ow h, and li ing s anda ds, ene gy has become inc easingly impo an (Demi cioğlu and EsIyok, 2022). Ene gy consump ion le els a e o en linked o he economic g ow h o coun ies (Du an e al., 2022). Households a e esponsible o almos 30% o inal ene gy consump ion a he EU le el (Eu os a , 2020a), so i is e y impo an o p omo e sus ainable ene gy consump ion in households (S eimikiene e al., 2022). The inal ene gy consump ion a he EU-27 le el was 906.8 (million onnes o oil equi alen ) and Romania 23.5%. Be ween 2010 and 2020, inal ene gy consump ion dec eased (1024 m oe in 2010) and Romania expe ienced a slow inc ease om 2.6 and, espec i ely, 22.5 m oe (Eu os a , 2021). Clean, Di e si ied, and A o dable Ene gy o he Eu opean Union in he Con ex o he REPowe EU Plan AE Vol. 25 • No. 64 • Augus 2023 747 Many s udies ha e ound ha women a e mo e conce ned abou en i onmen al quali y and pa icipa ion in en i onmen al ac i i ies (Senjawa i e al., 2018). Mos s udies indica e a posi i e and s a is ically signi ican in luence o enewable ene gy consump ion on economic g ow h (Be adia e al., 2022). A s udy in 2021 indica ed ha he sha e o women in he labou ma ke led o an inc ease in enewable ene gy consump ion. The e o e, women ha e a posi i e ole in sus ainable de elopmen (Mujeed e al., 2021). Unde hese ci cums ances, we can s a e ha : H2 - Women a e mo e esponsible han men o ene gy consump ion. 1.2.3. Ene gy consump ion and educa ion le el o he popula ion Some s udies ha e shown ha he e is a signi ican associa ion be ween household ene gy consump ion and educa ional le el (Liu X. e al., 2020; Wang e al., 2020; Aixiang, 2011). Inc easing he le el o educa ion can lead o ene gy conse a ion (Jia, Zhang and Xu, 2022). And ano he s udy shows ha he e ec s o inc easing he educa ion le el ha e a mode a e impac on ene gy consump ion (Osun uyi and Lean, 2023). The e o e, his p ocess o educa ing he popula ion is a challenge o change a i udes owa d educing domes ic ene gy consump ion. A numbe o me hods ha e been p oposed o pe suade he popula ion o ha e his sus ainable beha iou h ough a se ies o educa ional app oaches such as he game-based app oach, con incing games, and aimed a changing nega i e habi s o high ene gy consump ion o he in o ma ion-based app oach o collabo a ion and compe i ion (Madei a e al., 2011). So, we can conclude ha : H3 - A mo e educa ed pe son is mo e esponsible o ene gy consump ion. 1.2.4. Ene gy consump ion and age o he popula ion The esul s showed ha when mo e ime is spen a home (e.g., o e i ed people), household elec ici y consump ion inc eases by 20.03% o 32.13% and is mo e p esen among hose elde ly bu wi h high income, high le el o educa ion, and good heal h (Zhu and Lin, 2022). O he s udies ha e indica ed ha coun ies wi h an olde popula ion (e.g., Aus alia) ace he p oblem o inc eased domes ic ene gy consump ion; he e o e, s uc u al measu es ha e been p oposed and beha iou al ac o s ha e been analysed o help suppo e icien esiden ial ene gy consump ion. By de eloping e ec i e policies and ini ia i es, hey can lead o be e wel a e, educed ene gy cos s h ough success ul home managemen , and educed ca bon emissions om he popula ion (Romanach e al., 2017). As ea ly as 2001, a s udy in Romania s a es ha om a supplie 's poin o iew, i is mo e sus ainable o in es in he consume han in gene a ion, ansmission, o dis ibu ion. The de elopmen s a egies o he dis ibu ion company in Romania h ough RENEL's own p og ammes ha e alloca ed signi ican unds o he pu chase o LED bulbs especially o household consume s, especially elde ly people (la ge consume s) and o he budge sec o (hospi als, o phanages, schools, and o he ins i u ions) (Bu lacu, 2001). Fo hese easons, he ollowing hypo hesis is p oposed: H4 - Olde people consume mo e ene gy. 1.2.5. Ene gy consump ion and income The e is a causal ela ionship be ween economic g ow h and ene gy consump ion in he sho and medium e m (Tan e al., 2022). The annual GDP g ow h a e allows compa isons o economic de elopmen (Eu os a , 2022), and o EU-27 coun ies, i has inc eased om 2.2% in 2010 o 5.4% in 2021. The alues ha e also eco ded nega i e alues, he peak being du ing he pandemic pe iod, 2020 (-5.7%). In Romania, 5.1% was eco ded in 2021 and - AE Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan 748 Am i ea u Economic 3.7% du ing he pandemic (2020). Some s udies ha e indica ed ha he e is an impo an link be ween household ene gy consump ion and household income (Liu e al., 2020); an inc ease in income inc eases ene gy consump ion and an inc ease in ene gy p ices educes ene gy consump ion (Tang e al., 2022), especially o low-income households and leads o he use o pho o ol aic panels o small wind u bines using hyb id ene gy sys ems o lowe ene gy cos s (Kgopana and Popoola, 2023). The e o e, we de elop he ollowing hypo hesis: H5 - Signi ican ly highe income leads o highe ene gy consump ion. 2. Resea ch me hodology 2.1. Resea ch objec i es The p edic ion o ene gy consump ion is signi ican o ene gy sa ings and ene gy secu i y, so he esea ch ocusses on achie ing an impo an objec i e: analysing he beha iou o esponsible ene gy consume s in Romania, as pa o he p oposed objec i es o he REPowe EU plan. O he objec i es: he analysis o willingness o educe ene gy consump ion and he measu es applied acco ding o REPowe EU plan, he di ision o consume s in o h ee ene gy consump ion ca ego ies and he de e mina ion o he socio- demog aphic a iables impac on esponsible ene gy consump ion beha iou . E- iews and SPSS we e used o da a analysis. 2.2. Analysis o ene gy consume beha iou in he con ex o he REPowe EU pu pose 250 ene gy consume s we e su eyed o obse e hei willingness and commi men o educe ene gy consump ion and he measu es hey ha e implemen ed acco ding o he REPowe EU plan. Sample size - A ques ionnai e was dis ibu ed among ene gy consume s in he municipali y o Tâ go iș e, Dâmbo ița Coun y, Romania. The sampling me hod chosen was he non- p obabili y o non- andom, con enience me hod, in which people easily eached we e included: acquain ances, colleagues, s uden s, mas e 's s uden s, PhD s uden s, all being ene gy consume s. Ques ionnai e - The ques ionnai e included 32 s a emen s on esponden s' in ol emen in educing ene gy consump ion and speci ic measu es applied. Table no. 1. Demog aphic cha ac e is ics Va iable Topic N % Va iable Topic N % Gende Female 20 1 80.4 Ma i al s a us Ma ied wi hou child en 154 61.6 Male 49 19.6 Ma ied wi h child en 11 4.4 Le el o educa ion High school educa ion 71 28.4 Single wi hou child en 2 0.8 Bachelo 81 32.4 Single wi h child en 83 33.2 Mas e 71 28.4 Posi ion Employee 205 82 Doc o a e 27 10.8 Managemen posi ion 45 18 Age 2<20 yea s 78 31.2 Owning p ope y Pe sonal p ope y 245 98 21-29 yea s old 29 11.6 Leased p ope y 5 2 430-39 yea s 3 1.2 <RON 1600 16 6.4 Clean, Di e si ied, and A o dable Ene gy o he Eu opean Union in he Con ex o he REPowe EU Plan AE Vol. 25 • No. 64 • Augus 2023 749 Va iable Topic N % Va iable Topic N % 40-49 yea s 13 8 55.2 Ne income RON 2.1601-2500 93 37.2 >50-59 yea s 2 0.8 RON 3.2501-4000 61 24.4 RON 4.4001-5500 49 19.6 Househol d ype House 21 8 87.2 > RON 5501 31 12.4 Apa men 32 12.8 Sou ce: Au ho s' calcula ions using SPSS 20. The e alua ion heading used Like 's scale om 1 (s ongly disag ee) o 5 (s ongly ag ee). The esponden s illed in he su ey ques ionnai e be ween No embe and Decembe 2022. O 275 ques ionnai es, 264 we e ecei ed and 250 we e usable (94 we e comple ed online and 156 ace- o- ace), wi h a esponse a e o 90.9%. Table 1 desc ibes he demog aphics o he esponden s: emale (75%) and male (25%). Mos o he esponden s a e in he age g oup o 40-49 yea s (55.2%), wi hou a managemen posi ion (82%), ma ied wi h child en (61.6%), 98% ha e pe sonal p ope y and 87.2% own a house, and wi h espec o he le el o educa ion, 32.4% ha e a bachelo 's deg ee, 28.4% a high school deg ee and a mas e 's deg ee, and 10.8% ha e a doc o a e deg ee (Table 1). The desc ip ion o da a se ies dis ibu ions is shown in Table no. 2. Table no. 2. Desc ip i e s a is ics Fea u e Mean Fea u e Mean C1- once consumed, na u al esou ces a e los 4.27 M1- Disconnec household appliances 4.29 M12- I ha e educed ai condi ioning usage ime 4.29 C2- esponsible indi idual beha iou has a posi i e impac on ene gy consump ion 3.99 M2- I a oid using household appliances du ing peak hou s 3.23 M13- I ha e educed he he mos a empe a u e o low consump ion 3.75 C3- esponsible beha iou will ha e an impac on educing ene gy cos s 4.22 M3- I use he washing machine a ull load capaci y 3.74 M14- I ha e educed my daily showe ime o sa e money 3.17 I1- We lea n abou he RePowe EU measu es as a esul o he uns able geopoli ical si ua ion. 3.97 M4- I ha e educed he high empe a u e and he washing ime o clo hes 3.57 M15- I ha e educed he en ila ion ime o he ooms 3.17 I2- The local ene gy dis ibu o (ANRE) has in o med me abou measu es o educe ene gy consump ion. 3.87 M5- I ha e educed he use o long washing p og ammes 3.65 M16- I ha e eplaced old appliances wi h newe ones and educed ene gy consump ion 3.72 I3- I am mo e esponsible o my ene gy consump ion since ANRE in o med me abou e iciency measu es. 4.35 M6- I do no le he eeze o m ice lakes o low consump ion 3.78 M17- I do no le he ap use he wa e when I b ush my ee h 4.05 I4- I unde s and he consequences o i esponsible ene gy consump ion beha iou 4.30 M7- I ha e emo ed he eeze and e ige a o om he hea ing sou ce 3.92 M18- I do no lea e he ap unning when I wash he dishes 3.82 AE Analysis o Responsible Ene gy Consume ’s Beha iou in he Con ex o REPowe EU Plan 750 Am i ea u Economic Fea u e Mean Fea u e Mean I5- E e y consume , i esponsible, would sa e money. 4.44 M8- I u n o he elec ici y when I lea e he oom. 4.42 M19- I d i e ehicles mo e economically 3.81 I6- Ou homes a e ou la ges ene gy consume s 4.00 M9- I do no use elec ici y when he e is na u al ligh . 4.54 M20- I use public anspo and ac i e mobili y mo e equen ly 3.45 I7- The e ige a o is he bigges consume o elec ici y in he house 3.54 M10- I ins alled ene gy sa ing ligh bulbs in he house (LED) 4.34 M21- I use senso s o low ene gy consump ion 1.98 M11- I ha e educed he he mos a empe a u e o educe ene gy cos s. 4.16 M22- I u n on household appliances o hea using IoT 1.26 Sou ce: Au ho s’ calcula ions using E- iews 10 *No e: C-Beha iou , I-In o ma ion and M-Measu es F om he esea ch, h ee ypes o ene gy consump ion beha iou we e obse ed (acco ding o measu es M1-M22):  Ac i e ene gy consume beha iou (3.67 - 5 poin s) was eco ded in 14 o 22 measu es, such as M1, M3, M6, M7-M13 and M16-M19. Being en i onmen ally esponsible by becoming esponsible ene gy consume s is indica ed by he ollowing measu es: unplugging elec ical appliances, using he washing machine a ull capaci y, keeping he e ige a o om eezing o mo ing i away om he hea ing sou ce, u ning o he ligh when lea ing he oom o no using i when he e is na u al dayligh , ins alling LED ligh bulbs, educing he oom empe a u e on he he mos a o educe cos s and consump ion o na u al esou ces, and educing he ime o ai condi ioning use. These consume s ha e also inc eased hei con ibu ion o imp o ing he en i onmen and ene gy cos s by eplacing old ene gy- consuming appliances wi h new ones, u ning o he wa e when b ushing ee h o washing dishes, o educing ehicle use.  Passi e beha iou o ene gy consume s (2.34-3.66 poin s): M2, M4, M5, M14, M15, M20 - six measu es. As passi e ene gy consume s, in e es is low o he esponden s who answe ed ha a oiding using household appliances o long hou s, educing he empe a u e o ime o wash clo hes, educing he ime o a daily showe o ai ing he oom, and using public anspo and ac i e mo emen a e o medium in e es .  An indi e en beha iou o ene gy consume s (1- 2.33 poin s): M21, M22- wo measu es indica ing ha Romanian consume s a e no ye eady o change in e ms o using new echnologies o educe ene gy consump ion and cos s; he low sco e o using senso s o IoT o educe ene gy consump ion in a sma way and become g een ene gy consume s is a he beginning. Below is desc ibed he eg ession unc ion be ween he dependen a iable (being C2- esponsible ene gy consump ion) and he independen a iables: gende , ne income, pe sonal s a us, p ope y ype, age, educa ion le el, p ope y, posi ion. 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