Ra nawa i, Andalan T i; Malik, Ahmad
A icle
The e ec o pe cei ed ease o use, bene i s, and isks on
in en ion in using he quick esponse code Indonesian
s anda d
Global Business & Finance Re iew (GBFR)
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
People & Global Business Associa ion (P&GBA), Seoul
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Ra nawa i, Andalan T i; Malik, Ahmad (2024) : The e ec o pe cei ed ease o
use, bene i s, and isks on in en ion in using he quick esponse code Indonesian s anda d, Global
Business & Finance Re iew (GBFR), ISSN 2384-1648, People & Global Business Associa ion (P&GBA),
Seoul, Vol. 29, Iss. 7, pp. 110-125,
h ps://doi.o g/10.17549/gb .2024.29.7.110
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I. In oduc ion
The use o echnology is an impo an elemen
ha canno be sepa a ed om human li e. Inc easingly
ad anced echnology will shi he ole o cash o
non-cash o ms in elec onic paymen sys ems ha
a e mo e e ec i e and e icien . This has an impac
on he eme gence o new inno a ions in elec onic
Recei ed: Ap . 6, 2024; Re ised: May. 27, 2024; Accep ed: May. 31, 2024
† Co esponding au ho : Andalan T i Ra nawa i
E-mail: andalan- i- a nawa i@un agsmg.ac.id
paymen ansac ions ia e-walle s o digi al walle s.
The exis ence o elec onic paymen s wi h digi al
walle s will make i easie o he public o make
paymen ansac ions a any ime (Chand a &
Koha dina a, 2021).
Digi al walle s ha exis oday make paymen s
ia Quick Response Code (QR Code) mo e popula ,
especially in he business wo ld. QR Code is a
de elopmen o echnology ha is used as a paymen
echnique in digi al walle s. Va ious me chan s a e
s a ing o p o ide digi al paymen se ices ia QR
Code. One s anda d QR is used, p oduc and se ice
p o ide s (me chan s) do no ha e o ha e a di e en
GLOBAL BUSINESS & FINANCE REVIEW, Volume. 29 Issue. 7 (AUGUST 2024), 110-125
pISSN 1088-6931 / eISSN 2384-1648∣H ps://doi.o g/10.17549/gb .2024.29.7.110
ⓒ 2024 People and Global Business Associa ion
GLOBAL BUSINESS & FINANCE REVIEW
www.gb jou nal.o g
o inancial sus ainabili y and people-cen e ed global business1)
The E ec o Pe cei ed Ease o Use, Bene i s, and Risks on In en io
n
in Using he Quick Response Code Indonesian S anda d
A
ndalan T i Ra nawa i†, Ahmad Malik
F
acul y o Economics and Business, Uni e si as 17 Agus us 1945 Sema ang, Indonesia
A
B S T R A C T
Pu pose: This s udy aims o de e mine he e ec o pe cei ed ease o use, pe cei ed bene i s, and pe cei ed isk
o using QRIS among people in he ci y o Sema ang.
Design/me hodology/app oach: The popula ion used is all use s o he QRIS paymen sys em, he sample size
is 200 esponden s, wi h he sampling echnique using pu posi e sampling. The da a sou ce used is p ima y da a,
wi h da a collec ion me hods using ques ionnai e. The da a analysis echnique used is Pa ial Leas Squa e.
Findings: The esul s o hypo hesis es ing showed ha pe cei ed ease o use had a posi i e and signi ican e ec
on he in en ion o use QRIS, pe cei ed bene i s had a posi i e and signi ican e ec on he in en ion o use QRIS,
and pe cei ed isk had a nega i e and signi ican e ec on he in en ion o use QRIS.
Resea ch limi a ions/implica ions: The limi a ions o he s udy a e he sample and he in en ion ac o used. Fu u e
esea ch needs o expand i s scope and explo e o he ac o s such as he a ailabili y o IT in as uc u e and he
quali y o se ice om endo s.
O iginali y/ alue: The s udy con ibu es o TAM heo y by ocusing on he using o he e-money paymen sys em
by Quick Response Code Indonesian S anda d (QRIS). O he con ibu ion is es and compa e he co a iance based
s uc u al equa ion modeling (CB-SEM) so wa e i.e. Sma PLS . 4, AMOS . 25, and Lis el Lis el 12.4.4.
Keywo ds: Pe cei ed ease o use, Pe cei ed o bene i , Pe cei ed o isk, In en ion o use, CB-SEM
ⓒ
Copy igh : The Au ho (s). This is an Open Access jou nal dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion
Non-Comme cial License (h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which pe mi s un es ic ed non-comme cial use, dis ibu ion
,
and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed.
Andalan T i Ra nawa i, Ahmad Malik
111
ype o QR Code. P oblems occu when mo e and
mo e ypes o digi al walle applica ions appea ,
because me chan s mus p o ide se e al QR codes,
acco ding o he numbe o digi al walle applica ions
a ailable o scan. The ype o QR code ha is being
inc easingly p o ided by selle s o se ice p o ide s
(me chan s) esul s in consume s ha ing di icul y
scanning QR codes, conside ing ha each QR code
p o ided by each applica ion has di e en e ms and
condi ions (Silaen e al., 2021).
As he holde o he Na ional Paymen Ga eway
(GPN) egula ion, his equi es Bank Indonesia (BI)
o ha e a sys em ha can combine a ious ins umen s
and paymen channels na ionally. Bank Indonesia
has c ea ed a mo e in eg a ed sys em by es ablishing
a QR Code paymen s anda d in acili a ing digi al
paymen ansac ions in Indonesia called he Quick
Response Indonesia S anda d (QRIS). QRIS is a QR
code c ea ed by egula o s oge he wi h he Indonesian
Paymen Sys em Associa ion (ASPI), wi h he aim
o s eamlining digi al paymen sys ems sa ely,
suppo ing go e nmen p oduc i i y, and accele a ing
digi al inancial inclusion. QRIS o e s a a ie y o
bene i s o bo h me chan s and consume s, so ha
wi h he many ad an ages a ailable, i will a ac
consume s o make QRIS a paymen me hod when
making pu chases (Pon oh e al., 2022).
The Technology Accep ance Model (TAM) is
widely accep ed as a heo e ical amewo k ha
explains use s' accep ance and use o echnology
(Da is, 1985, 1989). TAM has been applied in a ious
con ex s o explain beha io owa d new digi al
p oduc s and se ice echnologies (Musa e al., 2024).
Pe cei ed use ulness was ound o be a mo e
signi ican ac o han ease o use in echnology
accep ance (Noo , 2024). In he ield o digi al
paymen s, TAM is used o in es iga e he de e mining
ac o s o he adop ion o inancial echnology
(Dian y & Fa u ohman, 2023), such as Fin ec among
small and medium en e p ises (K ah e al., 2024).
adop ion o mobile paymen echnology (Na akusumah
e al., 2023), c yp o cu ency (Islam e al., 2023),
accep ance o mobile money ansac ion se ices
(Kelly & Palaniappan, 2023), blockchain (Kuma i
& De i, 2023), and e-swallow (Tian e al., 2023).
Se e al s udies ha e explo ed he ac o s ha
in luence consume s' in e es in adop ing QR Code
paymen s. Resea ch by Ozkaya e al. (2015) shows
ha pu pose o use, p ac ical use, awa eness, pe cei ed
con enience, and cu en knowledge ha e a posi i e
ela ionship wi h he le el o QR Code use. This
is ein o ced by a s udy by Ro sios e al. (2022)
which concluded ha knowledge, unde s anding, and
sel -con idence in luence consume beha io using
QR Codes. The s udy by Nand u e al. (2023) con i med
ha pe o mance expec a ions, e o expec a ions,
acili a ing condi ions, pe sonal inno a ion, and digi al
inancial li e acy a e he de e mining ac o s o he
use o QR Code paymen s in India. Likewise Liébana-
Cabanillas e al. (2015) concluded ha a i ude,
inno a i eness, and subjec i e no ms ha e a posi i e
ela ionship wi h he in en ion o use QR code paymen
echnology in Spain. T an e al. (2024) ound ha
embedded aceabili y in o ma ion esul ed in
consume s' willingness o pay using a QR Code o
ood p oduc s. S udy by Imani and Anggono (2020)
p o es ha habi s, acili a ing condi ions, hedonic
mo i a ion, and pe o mance expec ancy signi ican ly
in luence he in en ion o use QR Codes among he
Z Gene a ion in Bandung, Indonesia. Fu he mo e,
(Kosim & Legowo, 2021) p o e ha business
expec a ions, social in luence, pe cei ed us , pe cei ed
isk, pe cei ed egula o y suppo , p omo ional
bene i s, pe o mance expec a ions, age, and e o
expec a ions ha e a signi ican impac on he in en ion
o use QR Codes among co po a e cus ome s in
Jaka a, Indonesia.
In en ion o use as he le el o how s ong a pe son's
desi e o d i e is o ca y ou ce ain beha io s
(Ku niawan e al., 2022). In en ion in using QRIS
is he le el o how s ong a cus ome 's desi e is
o use QRIS con inuously bo h now and in he u u e
because he eels compelled and pe o ms a beha io
o achie e ce ain goals. Someone's in en ion in
in o ma ion echnology, especially in elec onic
paymen s a ises because o mo e a en ion o he
objec , whe e a en ion will lead o a desi e o know,
lea n, and p o e u he . The e a e se e al ac o s
GLOBAL BUSINESS & FINANCE REVIEW, Volume. 29 Issue. 7 (AUGUST 2024), 110-125
112
ha can in luence in en ion in using echnology,
including pe cei ed ease o use, pe cei ed bene i s,
and pe cei ed isks (Chand a & Koha dina a, 2021;
Reepu & A o a, 2022).
Pe cei ed ease o use is a si ua ion whe e a pe son
belie es ha using a ce ain sys em does no equi e
e o o in o he wo ds he echnology can be easily
unde s ood and used by use s (Ismail, 2016). Ease
o use o in o ma ion echnology can be one o he
ac o s ha a pe son pays a en ion o when u ilizing
paymen in o ma ion echnology, because ease o use
will allow use s o con inue o use i con inuously.
This means ha i someone has con idence ha he
echnology is easy o unde s and and use, hey will
be mo e in e es ed in using he echnology (Pon oh
e al., 2022).
The nex ac o ha can a ec he in en ion o
use in o ma ion echnology is he pe cei ed bene i s.
Pe cei ed bene i s as a belie in expediency, namely
a he le el o use s (use s) belie e ha using
echnology o a sys em will imp o e hei pe o mance
a wo k. The inc easing bene i s o echnology will
a ec someone who is in e es ed in using i . This
shows he high bene i s ha can be el by someone
when using echnology, he highe a pe son's in en ion
o use i (Chand a & Koha dina a, 2021).
The hi d ac o ha can a ec he in en ion o
use is pe cei ed isk, which is a hough abou he
isks ha a pe son may expe ience due o unce ain y
and o he nega i e consequences ha can be accep ed
o using a p oduc o se ice (Reepu & A o a, 2022).
Pe cei ed isk has a s ong ole in educing consume
in e es in aking pa in elec onic ansac ions so
ha isk pe cep ion may ha e a nega i e in luence
on consume in e es in using in o ma ion echnology.
This shows ha he high isk o using echnology
om elec onic paymen s will educe consume
in e es in using i (Cun awasih & Fasyni, 2023).
The s udy o he e ec o pe cei ed ease o use,
pe cei ed bene i s, and pe cei ed isk on he in en ion
o use QRIS in he esea ch will be ca ied ou among
people in he ci y o Sema ang. Sema ang Ci y was
chosen as he objec o esea ch o he eason ha
Sema ang Ci y is cu en ly expe iencing a ai ly apid
de elopmen o in o ma ion echnology, especially
ega ding elec onic paymen s ia QRIS. I is hoped
ha people who a e cu en ly aced wi h de eloping
paymen echnology will know mo e abou paymen
me hods h ough QRIS, besides ha he choice o
Sema ang Ci y is also expec ed o acili a e he
esea ch p ocess conside ing he loca ion o he
esea che is also in Sema ang Ci y. The e o e,
choosing he people o Sema ang Ci y will make
i easie o esea che s o ge he numbe o samples
ha ha e been de e mined o needed in esea ch,
meaning ha using samples will p o ide con enience
in conduc ing esea ch.
Resea ch on he e ec o pe cei ed ease o use,
pe cei ed bene i s, and pe cei ed isk on in en ion
o use has also been ca ied ou by se e al p e ious
esea che s. These s udies ound pe cep ions Ease
o use has a signi ican posi i e e ec on in e es
in using QR Code (Ku niawan e al., 2022; Pon oh
e al., 2022). Ano he s udies ound ha pe cei ed
ease o use has a posi i e bu no signi ican e ec
on in en ion o use (Hapso o & Kismia un, 2022;
Silaen e al., 2021). Resea ch by Na ahdi a e al.
(2020), Sa i (2022), and Ku niawan e al. (2022)
ound ha pe cei ed bene i s ha e a posi i e and
signi ican e ec on in en ion o use. Resea ch by
Silaen e al. (2021) ound ha pe cei ed bene i s
ha e a posi i e bu no signi ican e ec on in en ion
o use. Resea ch conduc ed by Sa i (2022), and
Ku niawan e al. (2022) who ound ha pe cei ed
isk had a nega i e and signi ican e ec on in en ion
o use. Resea ch by Pon oh e al. (2022) ound ha
pe cei ed isk has a nega i e bu no signi ican e ec
on in en ion o use. Based on he inconsis ency o
p e ious esul s, he i s con ibu ion o his s udy
is o eexamine TAM on he use o QR Codes as
paymen .
The second con ibu ion, his esea ch con ibu es
o he ield o in e en ial s a is ics, h ough CB-SEM
es ing. S uc u al Equa ion Modeling (SEM), consis ing
o CB-SEM and PLS-SEM, is usually used o explain
se e al s a is ical ela ionships simul aneously h ough
isualiza ion and model alida ion (Dash & Paul,
2021). Some schola s use he PLS-SEM app oach
Andalan T i Ra nawa i, Ahmad Malik
113
o TAM, e en hough hey use he e lec i e
measu emen model (Al-Adwan e al., 2024; Mushi,
2024). Resea che s chose PLS-SEM o e CB-SEM
because i was conside ed o ha e mo e ad an ages
han high e iciency in pa ame e es ima ion (Wibowo
e al., 2024). Howe e , se e al schola s s a ed ha
his kind o composi e o o ma i e measu emen
model app oach allows e o s in he es ima ion o
la en ac o models (A hano han e al., 2020;
Agui e-U e a e al., 2024). In ac , o composi e-
based models, PLS-SEM is wo h conside ing, while
o ac o -based models CB-SEM mus be used (Dash
& Paul, 2021). One o he CB-SEM so wa e which
being de eloped is Sma PLS 4.0.9 (Ringle e al.,
2022; Sa s ed & Cheah, 2019). Al hough se e al
s udies ha e compa ed he use o CB-SEM wi h
PLS-SEM wi h Sma PLS (A hano han, 2013; El
Maalmi e al., 2022; Nam e al., 2018; Pu wan o
e al., 2020; Rožman e al., 2020). Howe e , none ha e
compa ed CB-SEM Amos wi h CB-SEM Sma PLS.
The e o e, in his s udy, Sma PLS calcula ion esul s
we e compa ed wi h he well-es ablished CB-SEM
i.e. IBM SPSS Amos e sion 26 (A buckle, 2019)
and Lis el e sion 12.4.4 (Jö eskog e al., 2016).
Based on he desc ip ions, his esea ch aims o
analyze: i s , he in luence o pe cei ed ease o use,
bene i s, and isks on he in en ion o use he
Indonesian S anda d Quick Response Code (a case
s udy o he communi y in Sema ang Ci y). The second
aim is o compa e he wo CB-SEM so wa e based
on a ious pa ame e s and o p o ide solu ions o
esea ch based on ac o measu emen s.
II. Li e a u e Re iews
A. Pe cei ed Ease o Use on In en ion Using
QRIS
Pe cei ed ease o use indica es how a a pe son
eels con iden when using he in o ma ion echnology
does no equi e g ea e o , and he echnology can
be easily unde s ood and used and ee om p oblems.
Pe cei ed ease o use in his case is conno ed wi h
he desi e o he bank o a ious easons o p o ide
many con eniences in using QRIS as a digi al paymen
ins umen , such as being able o ela e o mobile
comme ce echnology and no equi ing a la ge e o ,
as well as easy o unde s and and mo e e icien
use. I someone has con idence in an in o ma ion
echnology, eels ha he echnology is easy o use,
hen ha pe son will use i .
The esul s o he esea ch by Ismail (2016) s a ed
ha he highe he use 's pe cei ed ease o use, he
highe he in en ion o use sma phone. The esul s
o Ku niawan e al. (2022) also show ha wi h a
high pe cei ed ease o use a pe son will ha e a posi i e
in luence on he in en ion o use e-money. This is
ein o ced by he esea ch esul s o (Huang, 2013),
Wilson e al. (2021), Ku niawan e al. (2022), Pon oh
e al. (2022), and Hikmah e al. (2023) which s a e
ha pe cei ed ease o use has a posi i e e ec on
in en ion o use. Based on his desc ip ion, he
hypo hesis p oposed is:
H1:
pe cei ed ease o use has a posi i e and
signi ican e ec on he in en ion o use QRIS
B. E ec o Pe cei ed Bene i on In en ion o
Use QRIS
Pe cei ed bene i is a measu e o he ex en o
which a pe son eels con iden and belie es ha a
sys em o in o ma ion echnology will p o ide bene i s
and ad an ages in imp o ing pe o mance, p oduc i i y
and e ec i eness a wo k. Pe cei ed bene i s in his
case a e conno ed wi h he bank's desi e o a ious
easons o p o ide many ad an ages in using QRIS
as a digi al paymen me hod, such as mo e e ec i e
and e icien ansac ions, e o s in ansac ions can
be minimized, and he e a e no di icul ies in
con e sion. The e o e, he highe he bene i s ha
can be el by someone when using echnology, he
highe he in en ion o use i .
The esul s o he esea ch by Ku niawan e al.
(2022) s a ed ha wi h a highe pe cep ion o bene i s
GLOBAL BUSINESS & FINANCE REVIEW, Volume. 29 Issue. 7 (AUGUST 2024), 110-125
114
om a pe son, i will ha e a posi i e impac on
inc easing he in en ion o use e-money. The esul s
o esea ch conduc ed by Sa i (2022) s a e ha he
highe he pe cei ed bene i s shown by someone,
he highe he in en ion o use e-business. This esul
is ein o ced by he esea ch esul s o Rachbini (2018),
Na ahdi a e al. (2020), and Chand a and Koha dina a
(2021) which s a ed ha pe cei ed bene i has a
signi ican posi i e e ec on in en ion o use. Based
on his desc ip ion, he hypo hesis p oposed is:
H2:
pe cei ed bene i s ha e a posi i e and
signi ican e ec on he in en ion o use QRIS.
C. E ec o Pe cei ed Risk on In en ions o
Use QRIS
Pe cei ed isk shows a pe son's iews o hough s
on he nega i e po en ial caused by unce ain y o
unwan ed consequences when ca ying ou online
ac i i ies o ansac ions. Pe cei ed isk has a s ong
ole in educing consume in e es in aking pa in
elec onic ansac ions so ha i is possible ha isk
pe cep ion will ha e a nega i e e ec on consume
in en ions in using in o ma ion echnology p oduc s.
Pe cei ed isk a ises as a o m o unce ain y in ce ain
ci cums ances ha a pe son will conside o make
a decision be ween yes and no. The e o e, he highe
he le el o pe cei ed isk in using QRIS, he lowe
he in en ion o use i .
The esul s o he esea ch by Reepu and A o a
(2022) which s a e ha he highe he pe cei ed isk
ha is el by someone, will ha e a nega i e impac
on he in en ion o use online banking. The esul s
o esea ch by Sa i (2022) also s a e ha wi h a
highe isk pe cep ion in using online ansac ions,
i will educe he cus ome 's in en ion o use. This
is ein o ced by he esul s o esea ch by Song and
Liu (2021), Silaen e al. (2021), Yang e al. (2021)
Ku niawan e al. (2022), and Cun awasih and Fasyni
(2023) which s a e ha pe cep ions o isk signi ican
nega i e e ec on in en ion o use. Based on his
desc ip ion, he hypo hesis p oposed is:
H3:
pe cei ed isk has a nega i e and signi ican
e ec on he in en ion o use QRIS.
Figu e 1 illus a es he ela ionship be ween a iables
ha model de elopmen was based on he heo y
o Technology Accep ance Model (TAM).
III. Me hod
A. Samples
The popula ion used in his s udy is people who
make paymen s ia QRIS in he ci y o Sema ang.
Conside ing ha he popula ion size is no known
wi h ce ain y, hen he de e mina ion o he numbe
o samples ha will use G*Powe 3 s a is ical analysis
(Faul e al., 2007), ob ained a sample o 200
esponden s. The sampling echnique used in his
s udy is pu posi e sampling, which is a sampling
echnique based on chance, ha is, anyone who li e
in Sema ang ci y and amilia wi h QRIS.
B. Measu emen
Pe cei ed ease o use is a eeling o con idence
and us ha a ises om a pe son ega ding he
ex en o which using in o ma ion echnology does
no equi e g ea e o , and he echnology can be
easily unde s ood and used and ee om p oblems.
H1 +
H2 +
H3 -
Pe cei ed Ease o
Use (PE)
Pe cei ed Bene i
(PB)
Pe cei ed Risk (PR)
In en ion o
Use QRIS (IU)
Figu e 1. Resea ch concep ual amewo k
Andalan T i Ra nawa i, Ahmad Malik
115
The a iable indica o s consis o : echnology ha
is easy o ob ain, echnology ha is easy o lea n,
echnology ha is easy o unde s and, echnology
ha is easy o ope a e (Pon oh e . al, 2022; Ku niawan
e . al, 2022). Pe cei ed bene i is a measu e o he
ex en o which a pe son eels con iden and belie es
ha a sys em o in o ma ion echnology o an a ailable
applica ion will p o ide bene i s and ad an ages in
imp o ing pe o mance, p oduc i i y and e ec i eness
a wo k. This a iable is measu ed by: speeding up
ansac ions, inc easing e iciency du ing ansac ions,
inc easing e ec i eness du ing ansac ions, p o iding
a sense o secu i y when making ansac ions (Sa i,
2022; Ku niawan e . al, 2022). Pe cep ion o isk
is de ined as a pe son's iew o hough o he nega i e
po en ial caused by unce ain y o unwan ed
consequences ha can become a ba ie o someone
o ca y ou ac i i ies o ansac ions online. The
indica o s a e: he p esence o ce ain isks, dis u bances
ha cause losses, he le el o secu i y ha is no
gua an eed, hough s abou isk (Ku niawan e .al,
2022; Pon oh e . al , 2022).
The in en ion o use QRIS is he le el o how
s ong a cus ome 's desi e is o use QRIS con inuously
bo h now and in he u u e because he eels compelled
and pe o ms a beha io o achie e ce ain goals.
The indica o s include: in e es in using, in e es in
long- e m use, ansac ional in e es , in e es based
on p e e en ial, in ensi y o use (Ku niawan e .al,
2022; Pon oh e .al , 2022). Me hods o da a collec ion
using a ques ionnai e wi h Like i e scale, wi h
he e ms 1 indica ing s ongly disag ee, 2 disag ee,
3 neu al, 4 ag ee, and 5 indica ing s ongly ag ee.
C. Non-Response Bias Tes ing
This non- esponse bias es was conduc ed by
compa ing esponden s who e u ned he ques ionnai e
be o e he e u n deadline wi h hose who did no
e u n he ques ionnai e on ime. Responden s who
answe ed we e ep esen ed by ques ionnai es ha
a i ed ea lie (wi hin he speci ied ime limi ), while
hose who did no answe we e by ques ionnai es
ha a i ed in he las pe iod (a e he deadline o
e u ning he ques ionnai e). The - es showed
insigni ican esul s (p>0.05), indica ing no signi ican
di e ence be ween he wo g oups. The e o e i can
be s a ed ha he esea ch da a is ee om his
bias.
D. Da a Analysis
This s udy uses he SPSS so wa e package was
used o analyze desc ip i e and in e en ial s a is ic.
In e en ial da a analysis used Co a iance Based
S uc u al Equa ion Model (CB-SEM) wi h he
Sma PLS e sion 4.0.9, han compa e wi h IBM
SPSS Amos and Lis el. The alidi y es can be seen
om he loading ac o alue o each cons uc
indica o . The c i e ia o passing he alidi y es
is he loading ac o alue, i he alue is be ween
0.6-0.7. Disc iminan alidi y es will also be ca ied
ou by looking a he Fo nell-La cke C i e ion, C oss
Loadings, and He e o ai -Mono ai Ra io (HTMT).
Fu he mo e, o measu e he eliabili y o a cons uc
wi h a e lec i e indica o can be done by looking
a he alue o C onbach's alpha, composi e eliabili y,
and A e age Va ian Ex ac ed (AVE). The basis
used o assessing cons uc eliabili y is he alue
o he C onbach's alpha and composi e eliabili y
mus be g ea e han 0.7, and he AVE alue mus
be g ea e han 0.5. Hypo hesis es ing in his s udy
was used o de e mine he pa ial e ec o he a iable's
pe cei ed ease o use. pe cei ed bene i s. and pe cei ed
isk on he in en ion o use QRIS. Hypo hesis es ing
is done by compa ing he calcula ed alue wi h
he able. i he -calcula ed alue is > 1.96 and
he p- alue is <0.05. hen he esul is o accep he
al e na i e hypo hesis. Finally, an Independen -Sample
- es was ca ied ou o compa e he a e age alues
p oduced by Sma PLS wi h Amos/Lis el as CB-SEM
Analysis.
GLOBAL BUSINESS & FINANCE REVIEW, Volume. 29 Issue. 7 (AUGUST 2024), 110-125
116
IV. Resul s
This su ey esea ch was conduc ed om May
2023 o Ap il 2024 by dis ibu ing 220 ques ionnai es
o he esponse a ge s. Field da a collec ion is ca ied
ou wi h online assis ed by Google Fo ms. Fu he mo e,
as many as 200 answe s we e used o esea ch.
This numbe is s a ed o be su icien in acco dance
wi h he CB-SEM (Hai e al., 2010).
A. Responden Desc ip i e
This s udy uses equency and pe cen age s a is ics
o desc ibe demog aphic p o iles and he esul s a e
summa ized in Table 1. Based on he able, mo e
esponden s we e emale wi h alue o 124 (62%)
han male alue o 76 (46%), aged majo i y be ween
26-35 yea s wi h alue 120 (60%). Based on his
da a, in o ma ion can be ob ained ha he majo i y
o esponden s a e he millennial gene a ion.
B. Measu emen Resul
Tes he alidi y o he con e gen indica o s
ca ied ou using Sma PLS, Amos, and Lis el. Table
2 shows ha om he ou e loading esul s he alue
o each a iable indica o is g ea e han 0.70. F om
hese esul s i can be concluded ha each indica o
used o measu e pe cei ed ease o use, pe cei ed
bene i s, pe cei ed isks, and in en ion o use QRIS
can be said o be alid. This means ha each indica o
is able o measu e he esea ch a iable.
The disc iminan alidi y es can be seen in he
Table 3. The calcula ion esul s show ha he oo
alue o AVE on he diagonal is highe han he
co ela ion be ween he cons uc and o he cons uc s
below i . O he esul s show ha he HTMT alue
in abo e he diagonal does no exceed 0.9. This inding
indica es ha he e alua ion o he alidi y o he
indica o s used is ul illed and ha he indica o s
a e uly unique in measu ing hei cons uc , no
o he cons uc s.
Fu he mo e, he esul s in Table 4 show C onbach's
alpha and composi e eliabili y alues o each
a iable: pe cei ed ease o use, pe cei ed bene i s,
pe cei ed isk, and in en ion o use QRIS a e g ea e
han 0.70, and he A e age Va ian Ex ac ed (AVE)
alue o pe cei ed ease o use, pe cei ed bene i s,
pe cei ed isks, and in en ion o use QRIS is g ea e
han 0.50. These esul s can be concluded ha each
esea ch a iable's cons uc can be eliable and has
ul illed he equi emen s o esea ch.
C. S uc u al Model Analysis
The second s age o PLS-SEM es ing is es ing
he s uc u al model which consis s o he pa h
coe icien o hypo hesis es ing. The s uc u al
Demog aphic Cha ac e is ics F equency Pe cen age
Gende Man 76 38%
Woman 124 62%
Age Unde 21 yea s 6 3%
21 yea s o 25 yea s 30 15%
26 yea s o 30 yea s 38 19%
31 yea s o 35 yea s 82 41%
36 yea s o 40 yea s 20 10%
41 yea s o 45 yea s 14 7%
46 yea s o olde 10 5%
Table 1. Responden 's p o ile
Andalan T i Ra nawa i, Ahmad Malik
117
model (inne model) p oduced in his s udy can be
seen in he Figu e 2 o G aphically o Sma PLS,
Figu e 3 o Amos, and Figu e 4 o Lis el. I s shows
ha pe cei ed ease o use and pe cei ed bene i ha e
a posi i e e ec on he in en ion o use QRIS, while
a nega i e in luence is ound on pe cei ed isk.
Table 5 shows ha he esul s o he analysis show
ha he R-Squa e alue a e 0.313 o Sma PLS and
0.352 o Amos/Lis el. These esul s can be in e p e ed
ha pe cei ed ease o use, pe cei ed bene i s. and
pe cei ed isk can explain he a ia ion in he in en ion
o use he QRIS wi h mode a e ca ego y(Chin, 1998).
The a ia ion in he in en ion o use a iable is explained
by o he a iables no examined o no included in
models, such as us , le el o unde s anding, se ice
ea u es, subjec i e no ms, secu i y, p omo ion, and
o he s.
The goodness o i es uses 10 c i e ia as shown
in Table 6. The o e all i index shows ha o bo h
chi-squa e and p- alue c i e ia, all so wa e does no
Cons uc Code Ou e Loading
Sma PLS AMOS Lis el
Pe cei ed Ease o Use
PE1
PE2
PE3
PE4
0.776
0.809
0.795
0.831
0.836
0.897
0.849
0.831
0.836
0.897
0.849
0.831
Pe cei ed Bene i
PB1
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
0.908
0.881
0.899
0.876
0.905
0.872
0.849
0.878
0.835
0.897
0.872
0.849
0.878
0.835
0.897
Pe cei ed Risk
PR1
PR2
PR3
PR4
0.891
0.909
0.902
0.865
0.685
0.729
0.738
0.754
0.685
0.729
0.738
0.754
In en ion o Use QRIS
IU1
IU2
IU3
IU4
IU5
0.784
0.834
0.858
0.863
0.852
0.695
0.777
0.825
0.842
0.829
0.695
0.777
0.825
0.842
0.829
Table 2.
V
alidi y es ing
Va iables PE PB PR IU
Pe cei ed Ease o Use (PE) 0.787 0.740 0.389 0.723
Pe cei ed Bene i (PB) 0.604 0.771 0.598 0.795
Pe cei ed Risk (PR) -0.325 -0.499 0.785 0.724
In en ion o Use QRIS (IU) 0.602 0.679 -0.606 0.791
Table 3. Fo nell-La cke c i e ion and HTMT disc iminan
alidi
y
Cons uc C onbach's Alpha Composi e Reliabili y A e age Va iance Ex ac ed (AVE)
Pe cei ed Ease o Use 0.795 0.867 0.620
Pe cei ed Bene i 0.829 0.879 0.594
Pe cei ed Risk 0.793 0.865 0.616
In en ion o Use QRIS 0.849 0.892 0.625
Table 4. Reliabili y es ing
GLOBAL BUSINESS & FINANCE REVIEW, Volume. 29 Issue. 7 (AUGUST 2024), 110-125
124
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