P ihan o, Igi Gimin e al.
A icle
A echnology accep ance model o sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ological
haza ds ea ly wa ning sys em in Indonesia: an-ex ended echnology
accep ance model
Cogen Business & Managemen
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Sugges ed Ci a ion: P ihan o, Igi Gimin e al. (2024) : A echnology accep ance model o sa elli e-
based hyd ome eo ological haza ds ea ly wa ning sys em in Indonesia: an-ex ended echnology
accep ance model, Cogen Business & Managemen , ISSN 2331-1975, Taylo & F ancis, Abingdon,
Vol. 11, Iss. 1, pp. 1-16,
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A echnology accep ance model o sa elli e-based
hyd ome eo ological haza ds ea ly wa ning
sys em in Indonesia: an-ex ended echnology
accep ance model
Igi Gimin P ihan o, Hendy Gunawan, Budhi Riyan o, Wiji P ase io, Sik
Sumaedi, T i Rakhmawa i, Nidya Judhi As ini & Mahmudi
To ci e his a icle: Igi Gimin P ihan o, Hendy Gunawan, Budhi Riyan o, Wiji P ase io, Sik
Sumaedi, T i Rakhmawa i, Nidya Judhi As ini & Mahmudi (2024) A echnology accep ance
model o sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ological haza ds ea ly wa ning sys em in Indonesia: an-
ex ended echnology accep ance model, Cogen Business & Managemen , 11:1, 2374880, DOI:
10.1080/23311975.2024.2374880
To link o his a icle: h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2024.2374880
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In o ma Ion & echnology managemen | esea ch a Icle
Cogen Business & ManageMen
2024, VoL. 11, no. 1, 2374880
A echnology accep ance model o sa elli e-based
hyd ome eo ological haza ds ea ly wa ning sys em in Indonesia:
an-ex ended echnology accep ance model
Igi gimin P ihan oa , hendy gunawana, Budhi iyan ob , Wiji P ase ioc , sik sumaedia,
i akhmawa ia, nidya Judhi as inia and mahmudia
aResea ch Cen e o es ing echnology and s anda ds, na ional Resea ch and inno a ion agency (BRin), sou h ange ang,
indonesia; bResea ch Cen e o a i icial in elligence and Cybe secu i y, na ional Resea ch and inno a ion agency (BRin),
sou h ange ang, indonesia; cResea ch Cen e o Remo e sensing, na ional Resea ch and inno a ion agency (BRin), sou h
ange ang, indonesia
ABSTRACT
Pu pose: his s udy aims o de elop and es a echnology accep ance model o a
sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ology ea ly wa ning sys em in Indonesia.
Design/me hodology/app oach: he model was de eloped by ex ending am,
h ough he inclusion o h ee addi ional a iables: us ( ), image (I), and in o ma ion
quali y (IQ). hus, he p oposed model in ol es se en a iables: Pe cei ed Use ulness
(PU), Pe cei ed ease o Use (PeU), a i ude o Use (aU), In en ion o Use (IU), us ( ),
image (I), and In o ma ion Quali y (IQ). o model es ing pu poses, da a we e collec ed
om 100 use s h ough a su ey conduc ed in h ee Indonesian p o inces: cen al Ja a,
Wes Kaliman an, and iau. he analysis consis s o measu emen model analysis,
s uc u al model analysis, and model i es . he analysis was conduc ed using pa ial
leas squa es s uc u al equa ion modeling (Pls-sem).
Findings: he model was p o en o be i , alid, and eliable, wi h all hypo heses being
con i med. In he con ex o a sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ology ea ly wa ning sys em,
pe cei ed use ulness (PU) posi i ely and signi ican ly in luences he a i ude o use (aU).
u he mo e, pe cei ed use ulness (PU) also has a posi i e and signi ican impac on
he in en ion o use (IU). addi ionally, pe cei ed use ulness (PU) is shown o be a ec ed
by ex e nal ac o s, namely us ( ) and image (I). Pe cei ed ease o use (PeU) is ound
o ha e a posi i e and signi ican impac on a i ude o use (aU). u he mo e, pe cei ed
ease o use (PeU) is in luenced by ex e nal ac o s speci ically image (I) and in o ma ion
quali y (IQ). he a i ude o use (aU) is ound o ha e a posi i e and signi ican e ec
on he in en ion o use (IU).
O iginali y/ alue: an ex ended echnology accep ance model ( am) o es he
accep ance o disas e ea ly wa ning sys em echnology is a e, e en hough he
echnology is i al.
Resea ch limi a ions/implica ions: In e ms o gene aliza ion, his s udy is limi ed o
he accep ance o he sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ology ea ly wa ning sys em in
Indonesia. u u e esea ch should apply he model o o he con ex s o es i s
applicabili y and s abili y.
1. In oduc ion
clima e change has ga ne ed global a en ion because o i s p opensi y o c ea e hyd ome eo ological
haza ds ha ha e as impac s on human li e (mazzoglio e al., 2021; amadhan e al., 2022).
app oxima ely 75% o he wo ld’s popula ion bo ne he b un o loods, d ough , and ex eme winds,
causing social and economic losses ( he economic & social commission o asia and he Paci ic (escaP),
2021). he se e i y o disas e s and hei e ec s will only con inue o ise wi h he ise in he ea h’s
empe a u e ( amadhan e al., 2022).
© 2024 he au ho (s). Published by in o ma uK Limi ed, ading as aylo & F ancis g oup.
CONTACT igi gimin P ihan o [email p o ec ed].id Resea ch Cen e o es ing echnology and s anda ds, na ional Resea ch and
inno a ion agency (BRin), Jl. Kawasan Puspip ek, se pong, Muncul, se u, sou h ange ang 15314, indonesia.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2024.2374880
his is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons a ibu ion License (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/), which
pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. he e ms on which his a icle has been
published allow he pos ing o he accep ed Manusc ip in a eposi o y by he au ho (s) o wi h hei consen .
ARTICLE HISTORY
ecei ed 18 Decembe
2023
e ised 31 Janua y 2024
accep ed 20 may 2024
KEYWORDS
ea ly wa ning sys em;
hyd ome eo ology;
Indonesia; pa ial leas
squa es s uc u al
equa ion modeling;
sa elli e; echnology
accep ance model
REVIEWING EDITOR
hui shan loh, singapo e
Uni e si y o social
sciences, singapo e
SUBJECTS
ea h sciences;
en i onmen al
managemen ; s a is ics &
P obabili y
2 I. g. P Ihan o e al.
Indonesia’s 2022 Disas e In o ma ion Da abase shows ha hyd ome eo ological haza ds (e.g. loods,
o nadoes, d ough , and landslides) in he las en yea s ha e con ibu ed o app oxima ely 60% o
Indonesia’s o al disas e s (adi e al., 2021). he e o e, p e en i e ac ions, including he use o ea ly wa n-
ing sys ems, a e needed o manage isks (Ko dzakhia e al., 2011; susandi e al., 2018).
a sa elli e-based ea ly wa ning sys em dedica ed o hyd ome eo ological haza ds in Indonesia was
de eloped by he na ional esea ch and Inno a ion agency (B In) and called saDeWa. he sys em mon-
i o s a mosphe ic condi ions (susandi e al., 2018) and p o ides much-needed in o ma ion o disas e
p epa edness, allowing indi iduals o eac e ec i ely and e icien ly (su i e al., 2020). he sys em also
se es as an inpu o o mula ing s a egic plans o disas e - isk managemen ( amadhan e al., 2022).
one o he p oblems iden i ied in he applica ion and implemen a ion o new echnology is use
accep ance. o a echnology o be use ul, i mus be accep ed by po en ial use s. o ea ly wa ning
sys em echnology o be success ully implemen ed and used, s akeholde s a e esponsible o disas e
mi iga ion (chen e al., 2017; su i e al., 2020). his has been a p oblem wi h saDeWa. he use o his
sys em migh pu Indonesians a an unnecessa y isk. he e o e, a s udy on he accep ance o
sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ology ea ly wa ning sys ems is equi ed.
one o he mos widely used heo ies o explain a social phenomenon ela ed o echnology accep-
ance is he echnology accep ance model ( am), which is capable o explo ing ac o s a ec ing an
indi idual o ejec , accep , o con inue o u ilize new echnologies (he enkind e al., 2019; Pa k e al.,
2022). his heo y could accu a ely measu e use accep ance o he echnology (chen e al., 2017).
he use o am is no limi ed o he con ex o disas e managemen . B a e al. (2022) used am o
s udy use s, escue pe sonnel, and pe cep ions o he In e ne o hings (Io ) in Punjab, India. meechang
e al. (2020) adop ed he am o in es iga e he ac o s a ec ing use s’ accep ance o isk managemen
in o ma ion echnology in 38 coun ies be ween 2011 and 2018. he e has no been any am-based
esea ch p obing use s’ accep ance o he hyd ome eo ological haza d ea ly wa ning sys em.
acco ding o he o iginal am cons uc s, in en ion only in ol es ou ac o s: pe cei ed use ulness
(PU), pe cei ed ease o use (PeU), a i ude o use (aU), and in en ion o use (IU) (singh & s i as a a,
2018). al hough gene alizable, he o iginal am was deemed inadequa e o explain use s’ accep ance in
ce ain con ex s (chen e al., 2017; Kamal e al., 2020), p omp ing a ious addi ions o ex e nal ac o s
(chen e al., 2017; a ique e al., 2020). along wi h he de elopmen o ea ly wa ning sys em echnology,
which is ela i ely new in Indonesia, he sys em needs o build us ( ) (Dhaga a e al., 2020) and
image (I) (Venka esh, 2015; yuen e al., 2021) as well and o ensu e in o ma ion quali y (IQ) (salloum
e al., 2019).
as in p e ious esea ch, his s udy adop ed us ( ), image (I), and in o ma ion quali y (IQ) because
(a) us ep esen s a eeling o belie o con idence in he se ice o he echnology (Dhaga a e al.,
2020; meechang e al., 2020). us is essen ial o elucida ing he ela ionship be ween echnology and
use accep ance. a eeling o us o dis us will shape po en ial use s’ decision o ei he exploi o
a oid a pa icula echnology. (b) Image signi ies a social impac ha migh be acqui ed i someone op s
o use echnology. he e alua ion o his impac guides po en ial use s’ choices in e ms o echnology
usage, and (c) in o ma ion quali y e e s o use s’ pe cep ion o how accu a e, comp ehensi e, and imely
he in o ma ion p o ided by he new echnology is (salloum e al., 2019). his pe cep ion in luences
use s’ de e mina ion o use echnology. In his case, he in o ma ion quali y o he ea ly wa ning sys em
in luences use s’ decisions o use (o no use) he sys em.
al hough hese h ee ex e nal ac o s migh a ec use s’ accep ance, hey a e a ely conside ed in he
ex ended am o e alua ing he accep ance o sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ological haza d ea ly wa ning
sys ems in Indonesia. a s udy in ol ed hese h ee ac o s o e alua ing he accep ance o sa elli e-based
hyd ome eo ological haza d ea ly wa ning sys ems was P ihan o e al. (2023). hey es ed he di ec in lu-
ence o , I, and IQ on IU. he analysis esul s show ha , I, and IQ a e no p o en o ha e a di ec
e ec on IU. Based on a ionaliza ion and p e ious empi ical esea ch, all h ee may a ec IU bu indi-
ec ly. Un o una ely, o he con ex o e alua ing he accep ance o sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ological
haza d ea ly wa ning sys ems, he possibili y o his indi ec in luence has ne e been es ed. o ill he
gaps in he li e a u e, his esea ch aims o es he indi ec e ec o , I, and IQ on IU. speci ically, his
esea ch will de elop and es a echnology accep ance model o sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ological
haza d ea ly wa ning sys ems in Indonesia unde he ex ended am using he ollowing a iables: PU,
cogen BUsIness & managemen 3
PeU, aU, IU, , I, and IQ. he esul s o his s udy will con ibu e o he de elopmen and es ing o an
ex ended am. u he mo e, his esea ch aims o answe he ques ions:
• Does us ha e a signi ican e ec on pe cei ed use ulness?
• Does image ha e a signi ican e ec on pe cei ed use ulness and pe cei ed ease o use?
• Does in o ma ion quali y ha e a signi ican e ec on pe cei ed ease o use?
• Does pe cei ed use ulness ha e a signi ican e ec on a i ude o use and in en ion o use?
• Does pe cei ed ease o use a ec a i ude o use signi ican ly?
• Does a i ude o use in luence in en ion o use signi ican ly?
2. Li e a u e e iew and hypo hesis
2.1. Sa elli e-based disas e ea ly wa ning sys em (EWS) echnology
he sa elli e-based disas e eWs was de eloped as a isk managemen and communi y p o ec ion e o
based on communica ion, moni o ing, wa ning, isk o ecas ing, and esponse capaci y (chikalamo e al.,
2020; mukh a , 2018). many sa elli e-based ea ly wa ning sys ems ha e been de eloped, such as Uni ied
i e Basin simula o /U Bs, p o iding lood wa nings and moni o ing based on s a a, c ea ed based on
nume ical models o wea he o ecas s and displayed h ough ex (Pagano e al., 2016); e Icha
ain all-based lood wa ning sys em and lood-P oo s, u ilize ain ada da a wi h a spa ial scale o 1 sq.
km o p edic lood p edic ions in nea eal- ime using a ain all- uno model o imp o e esponse ime
(co al e al., 2019); ex eme ain all De ec ion sys em/e Ds, p o ides wea he o ecas s o he nex
4 hou s using sa elli e image y da a wi h a spa ial esolu ion o 100 sq.km wi h 30 minu es ime upda es
(mazzoglio e al., 2021); and D ough ea ly Wa ning sys ems/DeWs, de eloped o moni o and es ima e
d ough haza ds h ough a combina ion o spa ial models and d ough indices whose in o ma ion is
displayed h ough he web (P udhomme e al., 2024).
he sa elli e-based disas e ea ly wa ning sys em in Indonesia, saDeWa, was de eloped as pa o
hyd ome eo ological haza d isk managemen , and i can be accessed h ough he websi e h ps://
sadewa.b in.go.id/. I uses bo h e es ial senso s and sa elli es o ga he in o ma ion. I aims o p epa e
ci izens by p o iding nea eal- ime in o ma ion on he en i e Indonesian landscape a a i e-kilome e
squa e esolu ion (lasmono e al., 2021; susandi e al., 2018). I was un by Wea he esea ch and
o ecas ing (W ) wi h ad anced esea ch W (a W) co e e sion 3, he alida ion o which is ca ied
ou on da a obse a ions such as he au oma ic Wea he s a ion (aWs) o inc ease he accu acy alues
and hen deli e s he in o ma ion h ough websi es, emails, and ex messages a one-day o ecas o
hyd ome eo ological condi ions (Pu walaksana, 2015). he W model is a nume ical wea he p edic ion
model capable o calcula ing he dis ibu ion o wa e apo and ain all a iances wi h a high spa io-
empo al esolu ion h ough a me eo ological obse a ion assimila ion sys em ha p o ides be e obse -
a ion esul s (gong e al., 2023).
2.2. Technology accep ance model (TAM)
he echnology accep ance model ( am) is a model adop ed om he heo y o easoned ac ion ( a)
de eloped by ed Da is o p edic and explain echnology accep ance (ma angunic & g anic, 2015;
Zhang e al., 2020). he model has been applied in many esea ch ields o elucida e indi iduals’ in en-
ions o ei he accep o ejec a pa icula echnology (he enkind e al., 2019; Pa k e al., 2022). am
accu a ely measu es accep ance (chen e al., 2017) and p o ides adequa e empi ical e idence (Zhong
e al., 2021).
heo e ically, he o iginal am yielded ou cons uc s: PU, PeU, aU, and IU (yang e al., 2021). PU
measu es he ex en o which an indi idual belie es ha he use o a sys em o pa icula echnology
can enhance hei pe o mance (Ve ma e al., 2018; Zhong e al., 2021). on he o he hand, PeU was
de ined as he pe cei ed easiness o a ce ain echnology o be unde s ood, ope a ed, and mas e ed
wi hou subs an ial e o (sche e e al., 2019; Zhong e al., 2021). an aU is a subjec i e a o able o
un a o able e alua ion o he use o a sys em o echnology (Wu & chen, 2017; Zhong e al., 2021). IU
4 I. g. P Ihan o e al.
e e s o an indi idual’s in en ion o use a sys em o echnology sho ly (Ve ma e al., 2018). In en ion
goes u he han in e es and mani es s i sel in he o m o a plan.
P e ious s udies ha e sugges ed PU and PeU as am’s main cons uc s, de e mining ac o s o in en-
ion o accep a pa icula echnology (al adda & mahdi, 2021; Balak ishnan e al., 2021; salloum e al.,
2019). PU and PeU shape an indi idual’s a i ude owa d he use o echnology (he enkind e al., 2019),
which e en ually leads o he in en ion o use echnology (malaquias e al., 2018; u & yang, 2019; Zhong
e al., 2021).
2.3. T us in sa elli e-based disas e EWS (T)
us ( ) is impe a i e in any social ela ionship as well as in human and echnological in e ac ions. us
ep esen s con idence in someone o some hing: a judgmen ha he a ge o ou us will ei he ac
o p o ide se ice in acco dance wi h ou expec a ions. In his con ex , us e e s o use s’ con idence
ha echnology will deli e ea ly wa ning se ices, as expec ed by use s (Kamal e al., 2020). P e ious
esea ch has ound a signi ican posi i e ela ionship be ween and PU (Dhaga a e al., 2020; le, 2021;
Wang e al., 2023). his s udy assumed he same ela ionship. I he po en ial use belie es ha he ea ly
wa ning echnology will p o ide hem wi h aluable se ices, hey will pe cei e he echnology as use ul.
hus, he i s hypo hesis is as ollows:
H1: us in sa elli e-based disas e eWs ( ) has a posi i e signi ican impac on he Pe cei ed Use ulness (PU)
2.4. Image o sa elli e-based disas e EWS (I)
Image (I) ac s as an embodimen o social in luence. I signi ies he use o echnology as an image o
social s a us boos e . I socie y collec i ely hinks ha using ce ain echnology is a o able, people will
end o use he echnology o be accep ed in socie y and o ha e hei image upli ed by he echnology
(alhasan e al., 2020; he enkind e al., 2019; yuen e al., 2021). as p o en by p e ious s udies (Ka ahoca
e al., 2017; yuen e al., 2021), he logic dic a es ha image will posi i ely associa e wi h PU. his esea ch
p oposes ha i he use o a sa elli e-based disas e eWs is deemed a o able by he communi y, people
will pe cei e i s use ulness as an image boos e . o add ess his p oposal, he ollowing hypo hesis is
o e ed:
H2: Image o sa elli e-based disas e eWs (I) has a posi i e signi ican impac on he Pe cei ed Use ulness (PU)
In addi ion o i s e ec on PU, a p e ious s udy ound a posi i e e ec o image on pe cei ed ease
o use (PeU) (alhasan e al., 2020). a posi i e image o some hing may p oduce posi i e e alua ion
esul s (sumaedi e al., 2014). human beha io li e a u e has shown ha images can a ec human e al-
ua ion because human e alua ion may be biased when he e is p eceden in o ma ion in ce ain con-
ex s, such as in he con ex o new echnology e alua ion ha is un amilia p e iously (solomon, 2012;
sumaedi e al., 2014). since PeU is a o m o human e alua ion, while sa elli e-based disas e ea ly wa n-
ing sys em echnology is a new echnology, whe e image posi i ely a ec s PeU in his esea ch. he hi d
hypo hesis is o mula ed as ollows:
H3: Image o sa elli e-based disas e eWs has a posi i e signi ican impac on pe cei ed ease o use (PeU)
2.5. In o ma ion quali y (IQ) o sa elli e-based disas e EWS
In o ma ion quali y (IQ) e e s o he ex en o which an indi idual belie es echnology can p o ide com-
ple e, accu a e, and imely in o ma ion (salloum e al., 2019). easonably, i people belie e ha a sys em
o echnology has good in o ma ion quali y, hey would assume i is easy o ind in o ma ion o ob ain
a se ice om he sys em. In his con ex , i po en ial use s pe cei e ha he ea ly wa ning sys em p o-
ides hem wi h necessa y in o ma ion, hey will hink i is easy o use. P e ious empi ical s udies ha e
ound a signi ican posi i e causal ela ionship be ween IQ and PeU (alyousse , 2023; salloum e al., 2019;
Wong ilaisakul & lekcha oen, 2015). his s udy expec ed a simila ela ionship.
cogen BUsIness & managemen 5
H4: In o ma ion quali y (IQ) o sa elli e-based disas e eWs has a posi i e signi ican impac on pe cei ed ease
o use (PeU)
2.6. Pe cei ed use ulness o sa elli e-based disas e EWS (PU)
Pe cei ed Use ulness (PU) ep esen s how indi iduals deem a sys em o echnology use ul in enhancing
pe o mance (na e al., 2022; Ve ma e al., 2018). PU is a subjec i e assessmen ha can gene a e a o -
able o un a o able esul s. When people pe cei e a sys em o echnology as use ul o hem, hey end
o see i in an a i ma i e ligh , c ea ing a posi i e a i ude owa ds he use o his sys em. In his con-
ex , i po en ial use s ealize he alue o an ea ly wa ning sys em, hei a i ude owa d u ilizing he
sys em will likely be a o able. P e ious s udies ha e shown a posi i e and signi ican ela ionship
be ween PU and a i udes (geo giou e al., 2023; huang e al., 2023; ma uba uba & De meye -heyden ych,
2022). o accommoda e his ela ionship, he ollowing hypo hesis is p oposed.
H5: Pe cei ed use ulness o sa elli e-based disas e eWs (PU) has a posi i e signi ican impac on a i ude o
use i (aU)
aside om i s appa en in luence on a i ude, p e ious s udies ha e also ound an impac o PU on
IU (geo giou e al., 2023; Ka ebi e al., 2022). easonably, he ealized use ulness o a sys em a ac s i s
u iliza ion. once s akeholde s ecognize he alue o he ea ly wa ning sys em, hey will be willing o
ope a e i . he PU is a key de e minan o he usage (salloum e al., 2019). hus, he p opose ollowing
hypo hesis:
H6: Pe cei ed use ulness o sa elli e-based disas e eWs (PU) has a posi i e signi ican impac on in en ion o use i
2.7. Pe cei ed ease o use o sa elli e-based disas e EWS (PEU)
Pe cei ed ease o use (PeU) signi ies he ex en o which an indi idual belie es ha he sys em o echnology
is easy o use and unde s and wi hou signi ican e o (sche e e al., 2019; Zhong e al., 2021). When acing
some hing new, ei he a echnology o a sys em, people end o hink abou whe he his new echnology will
be easy o use o na iga e. I hey conside ha he echnology is easy o u ilize, hey will ha e a posi i e
a i ude owa ds he use o ha echnology. umina ing on he ea ly wa ning sys em, i s akeholde s conside
ob aining in o ma ion om he websi e easy, hey will ha e an app o ing a i ude. P e ious s udies ha e ound
a signi ican posi i e ela ionship be ween PeU and a i udes (huang e al., 2023; Islam, 2023; Wang e al.,
2023). he ollowing hypo hesis suppo ed his ela ionship:
H7: Pe cei ed ease o Use o sa elli e-based disas e eWs (PeU) has a posi i e signi ican impac on a i ude o use i
2.8. A i ude o use sa elli e-based disas e EWS (AU)
a i ude o use (aU) is a subjec i e e alua ion o whe he a ce ain beha io leads o a o able o un a-
o able ou comes ( u & yang, 2019) and a p ima y de e minan o beha io al in en ion (Vanduhe e al.,
2020). People wi h a posi i e a i ude owa ds echnology a e mo e likely o use i . In he con ex o
ea ly wa ning sys ems, i s akeholde s pe cei e ha using he ea ly wa ning sys em will gi e hem alu-
able hyd ome eo ological assessmen esul s ha a e bene icial o hem, hey will ha e a highe in en-
ion o use i . esea che s ha e in es iga ed he in luence o a i udes on beha io al in en ion (alam
e al., 2021; muhaimin e al., 2019; sukend o e al., 2020). he ollowing hypo hesis suppo s his na a ion:
H8: a i ude o use sa elli e-based disas e eWs (aU) has a posi i e and signi ican impac on in en ion o use i
3. Resea ch design
In explaining he accep ance o sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ological haza d ea ly wa ning sys ems in
Indonesia, his pape imp o ed P ihan o e al. (2023) by de eloping a mo e comp ehensi e echnology
accep ance model ha in ol es di ec and indi ec an eceden o IU and adding he sample size in
6 I. g. P Ihan o e al.
es ing he model. his esea ch aims o de elop and es a echnology accep ance model o a
sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ological disas e ea ly wa ning sys em in Indonesia based on he ex ended
am which in ol es he a iables: pe cei ed use ulness (PU), pe cei ed ease o use (PeU), a i ude o use
(aU), in en ion o use (IU), us ( ), image (I), and in o ma ion quali y (IQ). Based on he li e a u e e iew,
he p oposed model is depic ed in igu e 1.
3.1. Va iables and measu es
his s udy in ol ed se en main a iables: PU, PeU, aU, IU, , I, and IQ. he indica o s o he a iables
we e adap ed om p e ious s udies. he indica o s we e adjus ed o accommoda e he con ex o ea ly
wa ning sys ems. he e we e 23 indica o s and each was measu ed using a six-poin like scale anging
om ‘ex emely disag ee’ (1) o ‘ex emely ag ee’ (6). able 1 lis s he a iables and indica o s.
3.2. Sample and da a collec ion
acco ding o he code o e hics in Indonesian law numbe 11 o 2019 conce ning he na ional sys em
o science and echnology which s ipula es in line wi h he p inciples o he 1964 Decla a ion o
Figu e 1. he p oposed echnology accep ance model o a sa elli e-based hyd ome eo ological disas e ea ly wa ning
sys em in indonesia.
Table 1. Va iables and indica o s o he p oposed model.
Va iables De ini ion indica o s adap ed om
Pe cei ed
use ulness (Pu)
he ex en o which indi iduals deem
sa elli e-based disas e eWs use ul in
enhancing hei pe o mance
imp o ed e ec i eness (Pu1) (Ve ma e al., 2018; Zhong
e al., 2021)inc eased p oduc i i y (Pu2)
imp o ed pe o mance (Pu3)
Posi i e expe iences (Pu4)
Pe cei ed ease o
use (Peu)
he ex en o which an indi idual belie es ha
sa elli e-based disas e eWs is easy o use and
unde s and wi hou signi ican e o
easy o ope a e (Peu1) (Vanduhe e al., 2020; Zhong
e al., 2021)easy o access (Peu2)
easy o na iga e (Peu3)
easy o unde s and (Peu4)
in o ma ion
Quali y (iQ)
he ex en o which an indi idual belie es ha
sa elli e-based disas e eWs can p o ide
comple e, accu a e, and imely in o ma ion
accu a e in o ma ion (iQ1) (salloum e al., 2019; Zhong
e al., 2021)Clea and easy- o-unde s and
in o ma ion (iQ2)
us ( ) Con idence in sa elli e-based disas e eWs: a
judgmen ha he sa elli e-based disas e eWs
will ei he ac o p o ide se ice in acco dance
wi h ou expec a ions
us wo hy ( 1) (Dhaga a e al., 2020; Kamal
e al., 2020).Reliable ( 2)
a i ude o use
(au)
a subjec i e e alua ion o whe he sa elli e-based
disas e eWs leads o a o able o un a o able
ou comes
sa is ied (au1) (sukend o e al., 2020; Zhong
e al., 2021)easy o make decision (au2)
Feel mo i a ed o use (au3)
Feel ha he sys em ma ches wi h
use s’ wo k demands (au3)
image (i) sa elli e-based disas e eWs as an image o social
s a us boos e
Locally made (i1) (alhasan e al., 2020; Yuen
e al., 2021)Repu able (i2)
in en ion o use
(iu)
an indi idual’s in en ion o use sa elli e-based
disas e eWs
Will use in he u u e (iu1) (Vanduhe e al., 2020; Yang
e al., 2021)Will use i he e is an oppo uni y
(iu2)
Will use in he nea u u e (iu3)
cogen BUsIness & managemen 7
helsinki and cIoms 2002, whe e e hics app o al was issued by he sec e a ia o he esea ch e hics
commi ee o he na ional esea ch and Inno a ion agency. collec ing esea ch da a was p eceded by
sending a su ey eques le e o he s uc u al managemen o he ele an ins i u ion wi h a s a e-
men ha he su ey would be conduc ed anonymously and he da a would no be used o he han
o his esea ch. a s a emen ega ding esponden consen was ob ained and in o med e bally due
o inc ease lexibili y and smoo hness o he da a collec ion p ocess. on he o he hand e bal com-
munica ion allows o immedia e cla i ica ion and esponses o ques ions and allays esponden ’s
conce ns.
Da a was collec ed using a ques ionnai e. he ques ionnai e was di ided in o wo pa s. i s , i
ques ioned he esponden s’ demog aphic p o iles. he second sec ion deals wi h he se en main a i-
ables used in his s udy. he su ey was conduc ed in h ee p o inces, cen al Ja a, Wes Kaliman an,
and iau. he h ee ha e been hi by se e e hyd ome eo ological haza ds, such as loods, o nadoes,
landslides, and o es i es, based on da a om he Indonesia Disas e In o ma ion Da abase o 2022
(adi e al., 2021).
his s udy used pu posi e sampling wi h wo c i e ia: he esponden mus ha e had p e ious in e ac ion
wi h he ea ly wa ning sys em and he o she li ed in he p ede e mined a ea. he sampling echnique was
used o ensu e ha he esponden s we e well-equipped o answe he esea ch ques ion (ames e al., 2019).
he numbe o samples was 100, which was double ha o he s udy by P ihan o e al. (2023). he numbe
was adequa e o pa ial leas squa es s uc u al equa ion modelling (Pls-sem) (Willaby e al., 2015). he min-
imum sample size in Pls-sem analysis was en imes he maximum numbe o a ows included in he endog-
enous a iable (hai e al., 2019). In he Pls-sem model ( igu e 1), because he numbe o incoming a ows
was eigh , he minimum sample size was 80 (10 imes he numbe o incoming a ows). hus, he sample size
is 100, meaning i has exceeded he minimum sample size o 80 and is accep able in his esea ch.
3.3. Da a analysis
Da a analysis was conduc ed using Pls-sem because i can es a model wi h complex cons uc s (hai
e al., 2019). he analysis was conduc ed in h ee s ages. i s , a measu emen model analysis is con-
duc ed. his s age aimed o e alua e he cons uc alidi y and eliabili y o he measu emen model.
cons uc alidi y was based on: (1) con e gen alidi y wi h a h eshold o >0.70 o loading ac o s and
>0.5, o a e age Va iance ex ac ed (aVe) (hai e al., 2019) and (2) di e gen alidi y measu ed using
o nell-la cke o c oss loading (hai e al., 2019). he eliabili y o he measu emen was ensu ed by
compa ing he alues o c onbach’s alpha, ho-a, and composi e eliabili y (c ) wi h >0.70 h eshold
(hai e al., 2019).
he second s age was a s uc u al model analysis o examine he ela ionship be ween he cons uc s.
he signi icance o he hypo heses was measu ed using P alue es s. P alue mus be less han 0.05 o a
be a o be called signi ican (hai e al., 2019). 2 was also used o gauge how well he a iance o he
exogenous a iables explained he a iance in endogenous a iables. he hi d measu e was he p edic-
i e ele ance (Q2). a Q2 highe han ze o indica es ha he exogenous a iables ha e adequa e p edic-
i e ele ance (sholihin & a mono, 2021).
he hi d s age was he model i es . a his s age, he i was based on he s anda dized oo mean
squa e esidual (s m ) and no med i Indices (n I). his es was used o ensu e ha he model i s
he obse ed phenomenon. he model is conside ed o be i i he s m is less han 0.08 o he n I is
highe han 0.08 (hensele e al., 2016; an & ooi, 2018).
4. Resul s
4.1. Responden s’ demog aphic p o ile
he demog aphic p o ile o esponden s is displayed in able 2. o he 100 esponden s, 66% we e male a bi h
and 34% we e emale a bi h. mos had a bachelo ’s o mas e ’s deg ee (97%). almos 55% o he esponden s
we e analys s, esea che s, o enginee s, and nea ly 72% o he esponden s wo ked in he go e nmen sec o .
ega ding he eWs u iliza ion pe iod, 64% o esponden s ha e less han one yea o u iliza ion pe iod.
14 I. g. P Ihan o e al.
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