E endi, P aha a Luki o; Wi jodi djo, Budisan oso; Rosdaniah, Si a Izza
A icle
In luence ac o s on sus ainable business models o
enewable ene gy supply: Indonesian elec ici y indus y
Cogen Business & Managemen
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Sugges ed Ci a ion: E endi, P aha a Luki o; Wi jodi djo, Budisan oso; Rosdaniah, Si a Izza (2024) :
In luence ac o s on sus ainable business models o enewable ene gy supply: Indonesian
elec ici y indus y, Cogen Business & Managemen , ISSN 2331-1975, Taylo & F ancis, Abingdon,
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Influence ac o s on sus ainable business
models o enewable ene gy supply: Indonesian
elec ici y indus y
P aha a Luki o Effendi, Budisan oso Wi jodi djo & Si a Izza Rosdaniah
To ci e his a icle: P aha a Luki o Effendi, Budisan oso Wi jodi djo & Si a Izza Rosdaniah
(2024) Influence ac o s on sus ainable business models o enewable ene gy supply:
Indonesian elec ici y indus y, Cogen Business & Managemen , 11:1, 2293303, DOI:
10.1080/23311975.2023.2293303
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ACCOUNTING, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE &
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Cogen Business & ManageMen
2024, VoL. 11, no. 1, 2293303
In luence ac o s on sus ainable business models o enewable
ene gy supply: Indonesian elec ici y indus y
P aha a Luki o E endi , Budisan oso Wi jodi djo and Si a Izza Rosdaniah
ins i u eknologi sepuluh nopembe , su abaya, indonesia
ABSTRACT
The Indonesian elec ici y indus y was unde he managemen o PLN, p esen ing a
signi ican oppo uni y o emb ace enewable ene gy sou ces in esponse o igh ening
g een ene gy egula ions. This s udy u ilized he sus ainable business model concep ,
decons uc ing he alue economic, socio-cul u al, and ecological. The goal was o
pinpoin c i ical ac o s in luencing business s a egies o supplying enewable ene gy
elec ici y o cus ome s. Employing he Delphi me hod, which compiles expe
consensus om PLN, was he subjec o his s udy. In achie ing a alue deli e y,
collabo a ion wi h he go e nmen , supplie s, and echnology pa ne s played a i al
ole o achie ing business objec i es. Unde s anding cus ome equi emen s and desi es
was impe a i e o enewable ene gy companies in Indonesia o mee cus ome
expec a ions. The alue c ea ion dimension emphasized es ablishing s ong ela ionships
and ensu ing consume sa is ac ion o os e loyal y. The alue p oposi ion se ed as
he bed ock o a icula ing he dis inc bene i s o p oduc s and se ices, se ing he
company apa om compe i o s. Wi hin he Indonesian enewable ene gy con ex ,
alue cap u e s ood as a c ucial componen in shaping a company’s business s a egy.
This in ol ed e icien ly managing p oduc ion cos s, in es men cos s, and a ibu e
cos s o gua an ee consis en and p o i able e enue. Fu u e esea ch should explo e
p io i y ac o s in-dep h and c a in ica e business models ailo ed o me iculously
analyzed p io i ies.
1. In oduc ion
The global challenge o ansi ioning he elec ici y sec o plays a pi o al ole in achie ing ene gy esil-
ience on a wo ldwide scale. Many de eloping na ions, including Indonesia, a e g appling wi h he dual
ask o add essing g owing elec ici y demands while simul aneously shi ing owa ds enewable ene gy
sou ces o educe ca bon emissions. Despi e Indonesia’s abundan na u al esou ces o enewable ene gy,
he coun y aces geog aphical, ins i u ional, and in es men isks in i s pu sui o a sus ainable ene gy
ansi ion (Maulidia e al., 2019). Wi hin he amewo k o his ene gy e olu ion, he powe sec o has
exe ed a subs an ial in luence. The u iliza ion o ene gy esou ces in con empo a y powe gene a ion
has a subs an ial in luence on bo h he en i onmen and long- e m economic ad an ages. The signi i-
cance o cons uc ing powe plan s ha ely on enewable ene gy sou ces canno be unde s a ed in ligh
o he escala ing demand o ene gy. This impe a i e a ises om he p essing need o add ess cu en
and p ospec i e ene gy de ici s (Kuma & Pansa i, 2016).
The e o e, his esea ch de eloped a business model ha was sui able o acing he challenges o he
ene gy ansi ion and mee ing clean ene gy needs in Indonesia. This esea ch con ibu es o elec ici y
supply u ili y companies being able o use sus ainable business models in building u u e businesses
ha equi e enewable ene gy elec ici y supplies. In addi ion, he esul s o his sus ainable business
© 2024 he au ho (s). Published by in o ma uK Limi ed, ading as aylo & F ancis g oup
CONTACT P aha a Luki o e endi p aha ae [email protected] ins i u eknologi sepuluh nopembe , su abaya, indonesia.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2023.2293303
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pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. he e ms on which his a icle has been
published allow he pos ing o he accep ed Manusc ip in a eposi o y by he au ho (s) o wi h hei consen .
ARTICLE HISTORY
Recei ed 10 Oc obe
2023
Re ised 4 Decembe 2023
Accep ed 4 Decembe
2023
KEYWORDS
Ene gy business;
enewable ene gy
ansi ion; sus ainable
business model;
elec ici y supply
REVIEW EDITOR
Collins N im, Uni e si y o
Sou hamp on, Uni ed
Kingdom o G ea B i ain
and No he n I eland
JEL CLASSIFICATION
D40; L94; M21; O32
2 P. L. EFFENDI ETAL.
model can become a e e ence model o a ious indus ial sec o s, especially indus ies ha ocus on
con ibu ing o achie ing sus ainable de elopmen and he ene gy ansi ion.
2. Backg ound
The s a e-owned company PT PLN (Pe se o), which held he Gene al Elec ici y Supply License, was in
cha ge o managing Indonesia’s elec ici y supply, which included e e y hing om powe gene a ion o
elec ici y sales. PLN ealized he impe a i e o clean and en i onmen ally iendly ene gy had gained
p ominence ac oss a ious sec o s. PLN and o he la ge-scale indus ies also adap ed o hese changes
and emb aced eco- iendly echnologies, aligning wi h ESG p inciples and con ibu ing o ca bon emis-
sion educ ion. An eme ging end in ol ed indus ies eplacing ossil ene gy wi h enewable sou ces,
ei he h ough independen ini ia i es o collabo a ions wi h elec ici y p o ide s. Gi en igh ening eg-
ula ions on ca bon emissions, PLN held a signi ican oppo uni y in he enewable ene gy sec o .
To na iga e his e ol ing landscape, PLN had o de elop inno a i e and sus ainable business models.
These models encompassed ansac ion con igu a ions in ol ing di e se s akeholde s, such as cus ome s,
supplie s, and endo s, in eg a ing echnology o c ea e economic alue (Chesb ough, 2002; Zo e al.,
2011). The business model essen ially dic a ed how a company deli e ed alue o cus ome s and ans-
la ed hese ansac ions in o p o i s h ough an op imized alue chain (Teece, 2010). This business model
had o con inue e ol ing o main ain he sus ainabili y o he company. The concep o alue in business
li e a u e p o ed i s use ulness in inno a ion and business s a egies ac oss a ious sec o s (Apajalah i
e al., 2015). The business model could p o ide an analy ical amewo k o c ea e a sus ainable ene gy
u ili y business (Helms, 2016) and keep up wi h echnological ad ancemen s (Huijben & Ve bong, 2013).
In he pu sui o sus ainable de elopmen , he business model had o holis ically in eg a e economic,
social, and en i onmen al aspec s (Ca deal e al., 2020; Joyce & Paquin, 2016). To achie e his in eg a ion,
he esea ch adop ed he concep o he sus ainable business model can as, delinea ing he alue p op-
osi ion in o economic, social-cul u e, and ecological alues.
This s udy endea o ed o iden i y he ac o s in luencing business s a egies aimed a mee ing he
enewable ene gy elec ici y supply needs o cus ome s. These s a egies no only add essed immedia e
equi emen s bu also aspi ed o o mula e a sus ainable business model ha op imally u ilized enew-
able ene gy, main aining equilib ium among economic, social, and en i onmen al conside a ions in line
wi h he p inciples o a g een economy.
3.Theo e ical li e a u e e iew
A business model could be de ined as he o ganiza ional logic o how an o ganiza ion could c ea e and
cap u e cus ome alue and could be encapsula ed in a concep aimed a mee ing cus ome expec a-
ions, p o iding alue o he o ganiza ion, and deli e ing economic bene i s. This pe spec i e ocused
on how a business model p o ided oom o he o ganiza ion o hink abou cus ome loyal y (Guida
e al., 2014). Ano he opinion s a ed ha a business model was a s uc u ed design o an o ganiza ion
o c ea e comme cial oppo uni ies Geissdoe e e al., 2020). Ano he impo an aspec o conside was
how an o ganiza ion could c ea e i s own alue o enhance consume s’ pe cep ions o he uniqueness
o he goods o se ices being ma ke ed. Finally, a business model was designed o c ea e economic
alue; hence, a business model had o conside all he bene i s and cos s ha would be incu ed and
expended du ing ope a ions (Fiel e al., 2018).
A business model could be seen as a e e ence on how a company conduc ed i s business, how a
policy would a ec s akeholde s (e.g. con ac o s, cus ome s, and pa ne s, e c.), and how a sys em
wi hin he company ela ed o mee ing i s ope a ional needs (Bi kin e al., 2009). This pe spec i e
emphasized he essence o he business me hods used by he company, whe he i aimed o u u e
expansion, acquisi ion, o main aining he cu en condi ions. Policies made o s akeholde s also
needed o be conside ed because s akeholde s had powe and a oice in he business being con-
duc ed. The policies made had o be able o accommoda e all he in e es s o he s akeholde s o
a oid jealousy among s akeholde s who el ha hei igh s and oices we e no being
COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 3
acknowledged and hea d. The business model was ecognized as a ool o analyze and desc ibe how
an o ganiza ion ope a ed and p o ided di ec ion, iewing he business model as a amewo k ha
encompassed all o ganiza ional ac i i ies, including ex e nal and in e nal s akeholde s (Zo
e al., 2011).
The business model also needed o mee he inancial aspec s ha would be incu ed h oughou he
business p ocess, om he ea ly s ages o business o ma ion and ope a ional ac i i ies o dealing wi h
unwan ed e en s o inciden s ha equi ed inancial handling. Based on se e al de ini ions and pe spec-
i es abo e, he business model is a pa e n and guide used by a company o c ea e, manage, and
op imize i s business ac i i ies, conside ing cus ome alue, economic bene i s, s akeholde in e es s, and
inancial aspec s in a holis ic way. Thus, he business model was a lexible guide, bu he company
needed o con inuously de elop business model s a egies o mee ma ke needs and o ganiza ional
goals. In ligh o hese comp ehensi e pe spec i es on he business model and i s con inuous e olu ion,
he ene gy sec o has inc easingly u ned o in ica e and sus ainable business models. These models
p o ed essen ial in na iga ing he complexi ies o he sec o , whe e s akeholde decisions we e in i-
ca ely wo en in o he ab ic o he iple-bo om-line con ex .
Complex and sus ainable business models we e inc easingly used o add ess issues in he ene gy
sec o , whe e s akeholde s and hei decisions we e embedded in a iple-bo om-line con ex . Modeling
app oaches o complex sys ems o e many ad an ages and insigh s. Fi s , i allowed he ep esen a ion
o in e disciplina y sys ems consis ing o physical in as uc u e, ac o beha io and in e ac ions, and
ela ed policy en i onmen s. Second, i wen beyond he usual economic assump ions o a ional choices
made by homogeneous people and ma ke s ha a e d i en by demand. I is highly p obable ha new
sus ainable business models will need o esol e issues ha appea o be in opposi ion o business
in e es s (Schone eld, 2020). I included complex beha io s and in e ac ions be ween di e en agen s on
bo h he demand and supply sides, such as hose wi h he di e en alues and mo i a ions lis ed abo e.
Finally, he iple bo om-line business model enabled us o in es iga e he eme gence o di e en sys-
emic beha io pa e ns and coe olu iona y ends in esponse o di e en policy egimes.
4. Empi ical li e a u e e iew
Resea ch on Sus ainable Business Models (SBMC) con inues o e ol e o explo e mo e sus ainable ways
o designing and implemen ing business models. SBMC esea ch ocuses on in eg a ing sus ainabili y
aspec s in o all elemen s o he Business Model Can as (BMC). This includes iden i ying sus ainable busi-
ness oppo uni ies, managing esou ces mo e e icien ly, educing ca bon emissions, conside ing social
and en i onmen al impac s, and paying a en ion o social jus ice. SBMC esea ch seeks be e me hods
and indica o s o measu e sus ainable business pe o mance. This in ol es de eloping amewo ks and
measu emen ools ha enable companies o iden i y, ack, and epo on social, economic, and en i-
onmen al impac s. The explo a ion o sus ainable business models e eals a di e se ange o concep s
pe aining o po en ial app oaches o add essing ecological, social, and economic challenges. This
app oach acili a es he sp ead o no el echnologies, inno a ions, and o ganiza ional s uc u es (Boons
& Lüdeke-F eund, 2013).
Based on he de elopmen o p e ious esea ch on he business model can as, which was ca ied ou
om 2010 o 2023, end analysis was ca ied ou using publish o pe ish so wa e, so ha esea ch
de elopmen s can be seen as shown in he Figu e 1 below:
Based on he Figu e 1, i can be seen ha esea ch on BMC has inc eased signi ican ly, especially in
2022, when as many as 177 esea ch opics ha e been published. BMC has been used widely in a ious
business and indus ial sec o s. Howe e , esea ch con inues o be conduc ed o examine he e ec i e-
ness and applica ion o BMC in new sec o s. Resea ch on sus ainable business models con inues o
de elop o explo e mo e sus ainable ways o designing and implemen ing business models. SBMC
esea ch ocuses on in eg a ing aspec s o sus ainabili y, including iden i ying sus ainable business oppo -
uni ies, managing esou ces mo e e icien ly, educing ca bon emissions, and conside ing social and
en i onmen al impac s. SBMC esea ch seeks be e me hods and indica o s o measu e sus ainable busi-
ness pe o mance. This in ol es de eloping amewo ks and measu emen ools ha enable companies
o iden i y, ack, and epo social, economic, and en i onmen al impac s.
4 P. L. EFFENDI ETAL.
In he ene gy sec o , pa icula ly ela ed o elec ici y supply, en i onmen al o ecological aspec s play
a signi ican ole because ene gy p o isioning needs o conside sus ainabili y in he su ounding en i-
onmen . Simila ly, on he social aspec , which is ela ed o communi y wel a e. This is a c ucial poin
whe e go e nmen policies closely con ol his indus y. Based on he a o emen ioned business model
de elopmen s, his esea ch will use a new amewo k as a ool o design sus ainable business models
ha can be used in he ene gy sec o , especially ela ed o he de elopmen o enewable ene gy busi-
nesses in Indonesia. This amewo k is illus a ed in Figu e 2 below:
Value cap u e is a c ucial aspec o a company’s business model, ocusing on e alua ing inancial and
cash low impac s. I in ol es in eg a ing sus ainable p ac ices in o cash low, closely acking p og ess in
cos managemen and e enue. In alue deli e y and c ea ion, companies mus conside cus ome con-
ex , esou ce indica o s, and pa ne ships om a ious s akeholde s. Resou ces, such as employees, he
en i onmen , and lexibili y, play a i al ole in achie ing sus ainabili y goals. Collabo a ion wi h go e n-
men , supplie s, academics, media, ex e nal ins i u ions, and he communi y can accele a e inno a ion
implemen a ion. The alue p oposi ion aligns he company’s goals and go e nance wi h sus ainabili y
p inciples, ocusing on co e alues such as social cul u e, ecological, and economic. This business model
can as p oposes in eg a ing aspec s o he alue p oposi ion and alues om he iple bo om line, such
as social cul u e, ecological, and economic, o s eng hen he business owa ds long- e m and sus ainable
goals. This amewo k is ailo ed o businesses in he ene gy sec o , pa icula ly in enewable ene gy supply.
Figu e 1. end o business model esea ch.
Figu e 2. sus ainable business model amewo k.
COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 5
5. Resea ch design
This esea ch u ilizes a ious sou ces o da a, bo h p ima y and seconda y, h ough a ques ionnai e. The
ques ionnai e consis s o a se o w i en ques ions used o ga he in o ma ion om esponden s ega d-
ing he discussed opic. The ques ionnai e is a se o w i en ques ions o mula ed o elici esponses o
answe s om esponden s, whe he in an open-ended o closed-ended manne . This echnique can use
checklis s and scales as esea ch ins umen s. I s pu pose is o collec in o ma ion ela ed o he a iables
being in es iga ed and o compa e da a be ween di e en g oups o popula ions.
The de elopmen o he ques ionnai e is based on he Delphi echnique, a me hod o compiling con-
sensus om expe s. The Delphi p ocedu e is a widely ecognized s uc u ed communica ion s a egy
ha in ol es he pa icipa ion o a panel o expe s in o de o add ess in ica e challenges (Lande a,
2006). A Delphi me hod does no ely on a s a is ical sample ha aims o achie e ep esen a i eness
wi hin a gi en communi y. The decision-making p ocess necessi a es he in ol emen o compe en p o-
essionals possessing ex ensi e knowledge and expe ise in he ele an subjec ma e . The p ocess o
selec ing expe s holds signi ican impo ance wi hin he me hodology (Okoli & Pawlowski, 2004). The
c i e ia o de e mining an expe using he Delphi me hod is ha i consis s o PT PLN (Pe se o) employ-
ees who ha e wo ked o mo e han 10 yea s and ha e a minimum posi ion le el o basic managemen
o specialis posi ions. The sample size consis ed o 10 expe s om a ious PLN business unc ions.
The gi en ex , he use exp esses hei hough s o ideas in a casual o in o mal manne . The pe -
spec i es o he expe s a e summa ized and hen p o ided o ela ed expe specialis s o ob ain eed-
back. This p ocess is epea ed un il consensus is eached among he expe s. The da a in his me hod
comp ise a ious pieces o in o ma ion ha can o m a model om a ious di e en sou ces. In p epa -
ing he lis o ques ions o he ques ionnai e, in e iews we e conduc ed wi h expe s, including expe s
om PLN. These expe s come om a ious ields o expe ise such as enewable ene gy, ene gy ansi-
ion, business de elopmen , powe sys ems, en i onmen , and sus ainable ene gy. Delphi Me hod is illus-
a ed in Figu e 3 below:
Fi s o all, he ini ial s age in his esea ch is o de e mine he expe s who will be in ol ed. These
expe s a e employees o PT PLN (Pe se o) wi h o e 10 yea s o wo k expe ience and hold a leas basic
managemen posi ions o specialized unc ional posi ions. They come om a ious unc ions wi hin PLN
such as Comme ce, Powe Sys em Planning, Renewable Ene gy, Ene gy T ansi ion, and Law. A e selec -
ing he expe s, he nex s ep is o p epa e in e iews wi h hem o discuss he ac o s in luencing he
Figu e 3. s ep o Delphi me hod.
6 P. L. EFFENDI ETAL.
enewable ene gy-based elec ici y supply business in an abs ac manne . These in e iews a e designed
o gain a deep unde s anding om he expe s’ pe spec i e ega ding hese ac o s.
The esul s o he in e iews a e used o de elop he ques ionnai e. The ques ionnai e is sys ema i-
cally s uc u ed based on he in e iew esul s ega ding he ac o s in luencing he enewable
ene gy-based elec ici y supply business. This ques ionnai e is designed wi h an open-ended s uc u e o
accommoda e he possibili y o new ac o s. Fu he mo e, he ques ionnai e is designed on a 5-poin
Like scale o acili a e assessmen and analysis, as seen in he ollowing Table 1.
A e he ques ionnai e is designed, he nex s age is o dis ibu e he ques ionnai e o he in ol ed
expe s. The expe s a e asked o ill ou he ques ionnai e acco ding o hei assessmen o he p o ided
ac o s. The ob ained ques ionnai e esul s will be compiled by inco po a ing he h ee mos impo an
ac o s in each c i e ion. These esul s will be alida ed once again by he expe s o ensu e he accu acy
and ele ance o he iden i ied ac o s. In he inal ound o he Delphi me hod, he ul ima e esul s o
his esea ch will be gene a ed and p esen ed back o he expe s. This p ocess ensu es ha he inal
esul s o he s udy e lec he pe spec i es and e alua ions o he expe s in ol ed in his esea ch.
Subsequen ly, ob aining ag eemen and consensus om he expe s.
6. Empi ical esul s and discussion
In in e p e ing he esul s o he esea ch u ilizing he Delphi me hod o de eloping a Sus ainable
Business Model amewo k, se e al c i ical dimensions, c i e ia, and sub-c i e ia we e iden i ied. The s udy
engaged a panel o expe s om di e se backg ounds ela ed o enewable ene gy and sus ainable busi-
ness p ac ices o ensu e a comp ehensi e and inclusi e analysis. This esul is illus a ed in Figu e 4 below:
When conduc ing a p ac ical analysis o a business model, i wasn’ equi ed o sc u inize i on a
depa men al basis. In con as , i was impe a i e o e e y p o essional depa men o conduc an exam-
ina ion o he cons i uen s o alue c ea ion, alue p oposi ion, alue deli e y, and alue cap u e. This
examina ion had o be ca ied ou using a s anda dized analysis ool o he pu pose o business model
analysis and design (Kwak e al., 2019). By doing so, hese depa men s could e ec i ely communica e
Table 1. Delphi Like scale.
scale impo an /in luen ial in ensi y
1no impo an /no in luen ial
2Less impo an /less in luen ial
3Mode a ely impo an /has mode a e in luence
4 impo an /in luen ial
5Ve y impo an / e y in luen ial
Figu e 4. Mapping in luence ac o s o sus ainable business model s a egies in enewable ene gy elec ici y supply.
COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 7
Table 2. De ini ion o in luence ac o .
Dimension C i e ia sub C i e ia De ini ion
Value deli e y Key pa ne ship a ailabili y o enewable ene gy
p o ide s
a ailabili y o PLn pa ne s in supplying enewable ene gy in
indonesia
Renewable ene gy owne ship Clea asse owne ship and enewable ene gy a ibu ion
claim
a ailabili y go e nmen policy o
enewable ene gy se ices
he e is a go e nmen policy ha egula es he supply o
enewable ene gy
Key ac i i ies Reliabili y supply a ailabili y o enewable ene gy sou ces o p o ide clean
elec ici y supplies
Di ec dis ibu ion supply he le el o possibili y in di ec enewable ene gy elec ici y
supply
g een ene gy usage anspa ency a ailabili y o anspa en moni o ing o enewable ene gy
elec ici y usage
Key esou ces Renewable ene gy in as uc u e a ailabili y o asse s in he o m o enewable ene gy sou ces
and elec ici y ne wo k in as uc u e o supply enewable
elec ici y o cus ome s
Ce i ica ion and a ibu es claim a ailabili y o a ibu ion igh s o enewable ene gy
p oduc ion
echnology and da a secu i y a ailabili y o digi al echnology in enewable ene gy de ices
and ensu ing he secu i y o da a ob ained om his
echnology
Value c ea ion Cus ome segmen numbe o po en ial cus ome Po en ial ma ke needs ela ed o enewable ene gy supply
o indus y and business
global ma ke equi emen Con o mi y o enewable ene gy p oduc s o se ices o
global ma ke equi emen s and quali ica ions
P oduc / se ice limi ed he dispa i y be ween he demand and supply o enewable
ene gy sugges s ha i possesses he capaci y o assume
a sca ce commodi y s a us and is sough a e by a
subs an ial numbe o consume s.
Cus ome ela ionship Cus ome loyal y he e is a p og am o inc ease consume loyal y o use he
enewable ene gy p oduc s o se ices used
Co-b anding oppo uni ies o es ablish s a egic ma ke ing pa ne ships
h ough g een ene gy labels wi h cus ome s
a e sales se ices a ailabili y o a e -sales se ices speci ically o se e
enewable ene gy cus ome s
Channel Di ec sales he ma ke ing p ocess in ol es making o e s and sales
di ec ly o cus ome s
sus ainabili y collabo a ion Ma ke ing s a egies deli e ed h ough collabo a i e ac ions
ac oss companies o global a ilia es o cus ome s
sus ainabili y o ganiza ion Ma ke ing s a egy h ough o ganiza ions ha ocus on
sus ainabili y and g een ene gy ac ion ac i i ies.
Value p oposi ion economic P ice compe i i eness he p ice o e ed is a compe i i e p ice o cus ome s
compa ed o o he al e na i es
ene gy e iciency he bene i s p o ided p o ide e iciency alue o ene gy use
indi ec bene i he p oduc s o se ices o e ed p o ide bene i s in educing
o elimina ing cos s o ac i i ies esul ing om
ope a ional ac i i ies such as emissions o was e p oduced
social cul u e ene gy accessibili y P o iding bene i s o he communi y so ha hey can also
ge access o elec ici y om clean ene gy
ene gy a o dabili y P o iding bene i s o he communi y so ha hey ge
a o dable elec ici y p ices om clean ene gy
social wel a e P o iding bene i s in he o m o imp o ing wel a e o he
su ounding communi y
ecological sus ainabili y goals P o iding bene i s o cus ome s in achie ing business
sus ainabili y goals
en i onmen al impac P o iding bene i s o cus ome s in an e o o p ese e he
su ounding en i onmen
Regula o y compliance P o iding bene i s o cus ome s in an e o o ul ill aspec s
o compliance wi h egula ions egula ed by he
go e nmen and global ma ke s
Value cap u e Cos s uc u e P oduc ion cos he expenses associa ed wi h he ope a ion o deli e ing
powe p o ision
in es men cos he expenses associa ed wi h in es men o capi al
expendi u es (capex) ha a e acc ued du ing he
es ablishmen o enewable ene gy acili ies.
a ibu es cos expenses incu ed as a esul o a ibu e igh s o ce i ica es
g an ed by ex e nal en i ies.
Re enue s eam P o i abili y he p oduc s o se ices o e ed p o ide la ge p o i
con ibu ions.
Recu ing income he p oduc s o se ices o e ed p o ide ecu ing e enue o
con inuous income
Volume o sales his demand has he po en ial o high cus ome olume
