Kee e, Dimas Ha is Sean; Jang, Hyunmi; Su , Ji Min
A icle
Digi aliza ion o ag icul u al supply chains esilience:
Pe spec i es om Indonesia as an ASEAN membe
Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics (AJSL)
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Ko ean Associa ion o Shipping and Logis ics, Seoul
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Kee e, Dimas Ha is Sean; Jang, Hyunmi; Su , Ji Min (2024) : Digi aliza ion o
ag icul u al supply chains esilience: Pe spec i es om Indonesia as an ASEAN membe , Asian
Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics (AJSL), ISSN 2352-4871, Else ie , Ams e dam, Vol. 40, Iss. 4, pp.
180-186,
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Digi aliza ion o ag icul u al supply chains esilience: Pe spec i es om
Indonesia as an ASEAN membe
Dimas Ha is Sean Kee e
a
, Hyunmi Jang
a
, Ji-Min Su
b,*
a
In e na ional Logis ics and Po Managemen , G adua e School o In e na ional S udies, Pusan Na ional Uni e si y, Busan, Sou h Ko ea
b
College o Economics and In e na ional T ade, Depa men o In e na ional T ade, Pusan Na ional Uni e si y, Busan, Sou h Ko ea
ARTICLE INFO
Keywo ds:
Digi aliza ion
Ag icul u al supply chain
Supply chain esilience
Indonesia
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 epidemic has highligh ed he ulne abili y o in e na ional ade, o cing an inc ease in domes ic
supply ese es in Indonesia and o he ASEAN coun ies. This ansi ion unde lines he need o sus ainable
p ac ices in add essing he changing expec a ions o o ganiza ions and consume s in he ield o supply chain
managemen . Recognizing he impo ance o ag icul u e in Indonesia’s con ex , his s udy in es iga es in o he
digi al implemen a ion h oughou ag icul u al supply chains. The s udy explo es he bene i s and challenges o
inco po a ing digi aliza ion in ag icul u al supply chains by conduc ing in-dep h in e iews wi h s akeholde s
om many sec o s, including a me s, expe s, indus y p ac i ione s, academia, and go e nmen ep esen a-
i es. S akeholde insigh s p o ide in o ma ion abou he possible bene i s o digi al ans o ma ion, such as
g ea e income, cos sa ings, and imp o ed collabo a ion. Fu he mo e, he epo iden i ies impo an chal-
lenges such as insu icien in as uc u e and da a secu i y p oblems ha mus be add essed. In addi ion o
imp o ing ag icul u al supply chain e iciency, digi aliza ion is ound o ha e b oade implica ions o ma i ime
logis ics, a c ucial componen o Indonesia’s a chipelagic ade sys em. By op imizing he coo dina ion be ween
ag icul u al p oduc ion and shipping schedules, digi al ools can educe delays, s eamline logis ics ope a ions,
and enhance o e all supply chain esilience. This s udy no only add esses challenges in Indonesia’s ag icul u al
sec o bu also con ibu es o he b oade goal o p omo ing inno a ion and sus ainabili y in logis ics and
shipping wi hin Indonesia and ac oss he ASEAN egion.
1. In oduc ion
Ag icul u e plays a pi o al ole in he economies o Indonesia and he
ASEAN egion, con ibu ing signi ican ly o bo h employmen and GDP.
In Indonesia, app oxima ely 30 % o he wo k o ce is engaged in ag i-
cul u e, accoun ing o a ound 14.2 % o he na ion’s GDP (Pu ba e al.,
2023). This sec o encompasses a ious ac i i ies, including plan a ion
c op p oduc ion, ood c op cul i a ion, ho icul u al c op a ming, and
a me ade, all o which exe no able posi i e impac s on he eco-
nomic g ow h o ag icul u e (Pu ba e al., 2023). The sec o d i es
economic g ow h and suppo s u al communi ies. Howe e , despi e i s
impo ance, he sec o aces se e al challenges, including ulne abili ies
in i s supply chains, exace ba ed by ex e nal shocks like he COVID-19
pandemic.
Nume ous s udies unde sco e he ole o ag icul u al sec o g ow h
in po e y educ ion, job c ea ion, and income enhancemen wi hin
local communi ies (A iyan i e al., 2023). The COVID-19 c isis
highligh ed he agili y o ag icul u al supply chains in Indonesia and
o he ASEAN na ions. Dis up ions o anspo a ion, labo sho ages,
and inc eased demand o domes ic ood secu i y ha e unde sco ed he
u gen need o a mo e esilien and esponsi e supply chain. In his
con ex , digi aliza ion o e s a p omising solu ion o enhancing ag i-
cul u al supply chain esilience. Technologies such as he In e ne o
Things (IoT), blockchain, and big da a analy ics ha e demons a ed hei
po en ial o imp o e coo dina ion, anspa ency, and e iciency in sup-
ply chains (Ebinge & Omondi, 2020). Mo eo e , digi aliza ion can
imp o e logis ics coo dina ion by aligning ag icul u al p oduc ion wi h
shipping schedules, which is pa icula ly impo an o a coun y like
Indonesia, whe e ma i ime logis ics plays a i al ole in dis ibu ing
ag icul u al p oduc s ac oss i s islands and beyond.
Despi e hese p omising de elopmen s, signi ican gaps emain in
ou unde s anding o how digi aliza ion can be e ec i ely in eg a ed
in o ag icul u al supply chains, pa icula ly in he ASEAN egion. While
some s udies ha e explo ed he po en ial bene i s, he e is limi ed
* Co espondence o: 2, Busandaehak- o, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Sou h Ko ea.
E-mail add ess: [email p o ec ed] (J.-M. Su ).
Con en s lis s a ailable a ScienceDi ec
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics
jou nal homepage: www.else ie .com/loca e/ajsl
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ajsl.2024.09.001
Recei ed 30 June 2024; Recei ed in e ised o m 19 Sep embe 2024; Accep ed 29 Sep embe 2024
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics 40 (2024) 180–186
A ailable online 10 Oc obe 2024
2092-5212/© 2024 The Au ho (s). Published by Else ie B.V. on behal o The Ko ean Associa ion o Shipping and Logis ics, Inc. This is an open access a icle unde
he CC BY-NC-ND license (
h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).
esea ch ha ocuses on he unique challenges aced by Indonesia and i s
neighbo s, especially in e ms o in as uc u e, digi al li e acy, and
s akeholde collabo a ion. This esea ch gap calls o a deepe in es i-
ga ion in o how digi al ools can add ess he speci ic needs o ag icul-
u al supply chains in he ASEAN egion, pa icula ly in enhancing
esilience agains ex e nal dis up ions.
In ASEAN coun ies, pa icula ly Indonesia, digi aliza ion e o s a e
inc easingly ecognized as c ucial o s eng hening ag icul u al supply
chain esilience. Go e nmen s and p i a e sec o s a e g adually adop -
ing echnologies o imp o e ag icul u al p oduc i i y, educe cos s, and
enhance ma ke access (Mon escla os & Teng, 2023). Howe e , he
adop ion o digi al ools emains une en, wi h signi ican dispa i ies
be ween u ban and u al a eas. Mo eo e , challenges such as inadequa e
in as uc u e, lack o echnical know-how among a me s, and conce ns
o e da a secu i y con inue o hinde widesp ead digi aliza ion in he
sec o .
Indonesia’s ini ia i es o o i y he esilience o i s ag icul u al
supply chain ex end beyond local impac s, p esen ing b oade implica-
ions o he ASEAN egion as a whole (Del iyan i, 2023). As Indonesia
plays a signi ican ole in ASEAN ade, imp o emen s in ag icul u al
logis ics, pa icula ly h ough ma i ime anspo , can suppo egional
ade ne wo ks and os e sus ainable p ac ices ac oss bo de s (Amin
e al., 2021). P io i izing in as uc u e imp o emen , echnological
ad ancemen , and ade coope a ion, he go e nmen aims o suppo
economic g ow h and ood secu i y ac oss he egion (Mi yan i &
Lingga wa i, 2014).
Gi en he inc easing impo ance o building esilien supply chains
o ensu e ood secu i y and economic s abili y in he ASEAN egion, his
s udy seeks o add ess hese challenges by explo ing he cu en s a e o
digi aliza ion in Indonesia’s ag icul u al sec o . By examining he ben-
e i s and ba ie s o digi al in eg a ion, his esea ch aims o con ibu e
o he b oade unde s anding o how digi al ools can enhance supply
chain esilience in he ASEAN con ex .
Thus, his s udy aims o b idge he exis ing esea ch gap by exam-
ining he ole o digi aliza ion in s eng hening ag icul u al supply
chains in Indonesia and he b oade ASEAN egion. The indings o his
esea ch will p o ide insigh s in o how digi al ools can be e ec i ely
implemen ed o enhance esilience and ensu e sus ainable g ow h in he
ag icul u al sec o . In doing so, he s udy aims o suppo e o s owa ds
building mo e esponsi e, esilien , and e icien ag icul u al supply
chains, con ibu ing o egional ood secu i y and economic
de elopmen .
2. Li e a u e e iew
2.1. The impo ance o a ming in he economies o ASEAN na ions
Ag icul u e s ands as a co ne s one o he economies o ASEAN
membe s a es, playing a c ucial ole in con ibu ing o GDP, p o iding
employmen oppo uni ies, and ensu ing ood secu i y ac oss he egion
(Than, 1998; Bello, 2005; Kan¯
o, 2014; Akseno e al., 2021; Quib ia,
2023). The signi icance o ag icul u e anscends me e economic me -
ics, as i also encompasses social-cul u al and en i onmen al di-
mensions c ucial o sus ainable de elopmen (Lee, 2005). Ag icul u e
con ibu es subs an ially o he GDP in many ASEAN coun ies, e lec -
ing i s economic impo ance. Fo ins ance, in Indonesia, ag icul u e
con ibu es app oxima ely 14 % o he coun y’s GDP (BPS, 2020; Pu ba
e al., 2023), while in coun ies like Vie nam and Thailand, i s con i-
bu ion is e en la ge , eaching a ound 24 % and 9 %, espec i ely
(Mai ah, Smu ka, Saha qija, Mai ah, & Anh, 2020; Wa & Suphanna-
cha , 2020). Addi ionally, he ag icul u al sec o emains a p ima y
sou ce o employmen o millions o people in ASEAN coun ies,
especially in u al a eas whe e al e na i e li elihood oppo uni ies a e
limi ed (Than, 1998; Lohmann & Lie ne , 2014).
The ag icul u al sec o plays a c i ical ole in ensu ing ood secu i y
in ASEAN membe coun ies, pa icula ly in Thailand, Indonesia,
Vie nam, he Philippines, and Malaysia (Golan & Kohli, 2013; Mizik,
2021; A i ah & Kim, 2022). Wi h he con inuously g owing popula ion
and inc easing u baniza ion, he demand o ood con inues o ise,
placing g ea e p essu e on ag icul u al p oduc ion sys ems (Wu e al.,
2011; Sa e hwai e e al., 2010; Chen e al., 2022; Becke s e al., 2020).
ASEAN coun ies ely on ag icul u e no only o mee domes ic ood
demand bu also o con ibu e o egional ood secu i y h ough ade
and in a- egional coope a ion (Banda a & Cai, 2014; Faqih & Siswoyo,
2020; Mukhlis e al., 2021; Sund am, 2023).
ASEAN membe coun ies a e known o a di e se ange o ag icul-
u al p oduc s, e lec ing he ag oclima ic di e si y and e ile land in
he egion (Sa a anamu u, 1994; Golan & Kohli, 2013; Mizik, 2021).
Fo example, Indonesia is enowned o i s p oduc ion o ice, palm oil,
and ubbe , which a e no only essen ial o domes ic consump ion bu
also o expo o global ma ke s (Rulli e al., 2019; Hu apea e al.,
2022). Simila ly, Vie nam is one o he majo expo e s o ice and co ee
(Thuy, 2021), while Thailand is known o i s expo s o ice, ui s, and
ishe ies p oduc s (Su annus, 1980). These ag icul u al p oduc s se e
as signi ican d i e s o economic g ow h, expo ea nings, and u al
de elopmen wi hin he ASEAN economy.
2.2. Digi aliza ion in ag icul u al supply chains
Nume ous s udies emphasize he c i ical ole o digi aliza ion in
s eng hening ag icul u al supply chain esilience. Fo ins ance, ac-
co ding o esea ch by W zeci´
nska e al. (2023) and Mon escla os and
Teng (2023), digi al echnology enables eal- ime moni o ing o a ming
p ocesses, acili a ing p oac i e decision-making and isk managemen
in esponse o dis up ions. Simila ly, Ebinge and Omondi (2020) a gue
ha digi aliza ion enhances isibili y and anspa ency in he supply
chain, enabling s akeholde s o iden i y ulne abili ies and implemen
a ge ed in e en ions o mi iga e isks.
Recen esea ch indica es a end owa ds digi aliza ion in he ag i-
cul u al sec o , d i en by ad ancemen s in echnologies such as he
In e ne o Things (IoT) and blockchain. Acco ding o Yang e al. (2021),
IoT-enabled senso s and de ices a e inc easingly being used ac oss he
ag icul u al supply chain o moni o c op condi ions, ack in en o y,
and op imize logis ics ope a ions. Addi ionally, blockchain-based pla -
o ms a e gaining popula i y o hei abili y o enhance acking and
anspa ency in ag icul u al ansac ions (Salah e al., 2019; Yang e al.,
2023). The li e a u e emphasizes nume ous bene i s associa ed wi h
digi aliza ion in he ag icul u al supply chain. S udies by Sha ma e al.
(2021) ound ha digi al echnology enables p ecision a ming p ac-
ices, esul ing in inc eased yields and esou ce e iciency. Fu he mo e,
acco ding o esea ch by Sy omya niko e al. (2020), digi aliza ion
enhances he agili y and esponsi eness o he supply chain, enabling
a me s o adap o changing ma ke condi ions and consume p e e -
ences mo e e ec i ely.
Despi e i s a ious po en ial bene i s, he adop ion o digi al ech-
nology in he ag icul u al supply chain aces se e al challenges. Fo
example, inadequa e digi al in as uc u e, high implemen a ion cos s,
and conce ns ega ding da a secu i y and p i acy (Kamble e al., 2019;
Age on e al., 2020; Song e al., 2020; Tzacho e al., 2022; Gup a e al.,
2020). Addi ionally, acco ding o esea ch by Kamble e al. (2019) and
Sahebi e al. (2020), limi ed digi al li e acy among a me s and supply
chain s akeholde s is a signi ican ba ie o he widesp ead adop ion o
digi al echnology.
2.3. Policies and ini ia i es o ag icul u al supply chains
Go e nmen s ac oss ASEAN ha e implemen ed a ious policies and
ini ia i es o suppo he ag icul u al sec o and p omo e i s de elop-
men . In Indonesia, o ins ance, he go e nmen has launched p og ams
such as he Food Es a e P og am and he Village-Owned En e p ises
(BUMDes) ini ia i e o enhance ag icul u al p oduc i i y, imp o e
a me wel a e, and ensu e ood secu i y (Viphind a in e al., 2018;
D.H.S. Kee e e al.
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics 40 (2024) 180–186
181
Ma wan o & Panges u, 2021; Sibo u o op, 2023). Simila ly, coun ies
like Vie nam ha e implemen ed ag icul u al es uc u ing policies
aimed a mode nizing he sec o , enhancing compe i i eness, and p o-
mo ing sus ainable de elopmen (Dao & Nguyen, 2022; Pham, 2022).
The adop ion o digi aliza ion has p o ound implica ions o ag icul u al
s akeholde s ac oss he supply chain. Go e nmen s and policymake s
play a c i ical ole in c ea ing a suppo i e en i onmen o digi aliza-
ion adop ion h ough suppo i e policies, in es men s in in as uc u e,
and capaci y-building ini ia i es (Pena-Lopez, 2010; Boo h, 2018;
Ap iliyan i e al., 2020; Tes a, 2023).
Go e nmen s wo ldwide ha e implemen ed a ious policies and
ini ia i es o p omo e digi aliza ion in ag icul u e. Fo example, he
Ko ean Go e nmen aims o p o ide digi al in as uc u e and se ices
o u al a eas, including access o ag icul u al in o ma ion and ma ke
da a (Moon e al., 2012; Pa k & Moon, 2019). Simila ly, egional o -
ganiza ions such as he ASEAN Sec e a ia ha e launched ini ia i es o
suppo digi aliza ion e o s in ag icul u e, such as he ASEAN Digi al
In eg a ion F amewo k (ASEAN, 2020; Mon escla os & Teng, 2023).
3. Me hodology
In his s udy, a quali a i e esea ch app oach was employed, u iliz-
ing semi-s uc u ed in e iews o ga he da a om a ious s akeholde s
wi hin Indonesia’s ag icul u al sec o . Semi-s uc u ed in e iews we e
selec ed o hei lexibili y, allowing o a combina ion o p e-
de e mined ques ions wi h open-ended discussions, he eby enabling
he explo a ion o a wide ange o pe spec i es and he eme gence o
unan icipa ed insigh s (B aun & Cla ke, 2006; Pa on, 2014).
A o al o 15 pa icipan s we e included in he s udy, as ou lined in
Table 1. The sample comp ised 11 males and 4 emales, wi h ages
anging om 20 o 59 yea s. While all pa icipan s we e o iginally om
Indonesia, du ing he in e iew p ocess, one pa icipan was in e -
iewed while empo a ily loca ed in Ko ea. Pa icipan s ep esen ed a
a ie y o s akeholde g oups, including go e nmen o icials, a me s,
academics, s a up employees, and employees om ade companies.
This di e se ep esen a ion ensu ed ha a comp ehensi e ange o
pe spec i es ega ding he digi aliza ion o ag icul u al supply chains
was cap u ed.
Pa icipan s we e selec ed h ough pu posi e sampling, ollowed by
snowball sampling, o ensu e ha indi iduals wi h ele an expe ise
and expe ience we e included. Table 2 p o ides de ails on each pa ic-
ipan ’s backg ound, iden i ied by a unique code and p o essional ole.
Speci ically, 3 pa icipan s we e om he go e nmen sec o (P1, P9,
P13), 3 we e academics (P2, P4, P8), 3 we e a me s (P3, P7, P14), 4
we e s a up employees (P5, P11, P15), and 2 we e ade company
employees (P6, P10). The inclusion o hese di e en s akeholde g oups
was deemed essen ial o ob ain a comp ehensi e unde s anding o he
challenges and oppo uni ies associa ed wi h digi aliza ion in he ag i-
cul u al sec o .
In e iews we e conduc ed ei he ia online pla o ms o ace- o-
ace, depending on he a ailabili y o pa icipan s. All in e iews we e
eco ded and ansc ibed p o essionally o ensu e accu acy. The
collec ed da a we e hen coded and analyzed using hema ic con en
analysis (B aun & Cla ke, 2006), allowing o he iden i ica ion o key
hemes and ecu ing pa e ns in pa icipan s’ iews. This me hod was
chosen o ex ac meaning ul insigh s ega ding he ole o digi aliza ion
in enhancing he esilience o ag icul u al supply chains, pa icula ly
wi hin he ASEAN con ex .
4. Resul
4.1. Challenges o digi aliza ion o ag icul u e supply chain esilience
Fig. 1 illus a es he c i ical challenges iden i ied om he in e iew
esul s ega ding he in eg a ion o digi aliza ion in ag icul u al supply
chains. The p ima y challenge in in eg a ing digi aliza ion in o ag i-
cul u al supply chains in Indonesia is he lack o in as uc u e, as
emphasized by se e al pa icipan s. This pe spec i e e lec s he di ec
di icul ies aced by a me s in emb acing digi al inno a ions.
"Limi ed access o eliable in e ne connec ion and elec ici y in u al
a eas es ic s ou abili y o implemen digi al echnology." (P3)
Mo eo e , pa icipan s om he go e nmen (P1) highligh he
impo ance o u al in as uc u e imp o emen as a p io i y o suppo
ag icul u al supply chain esilience. This indica es he go e nmen ’s
awa eness and commi men o imp o ing in as uc u e condi ions in
u al a eas. Pa icipan s om he p i a e sec o , such as ading com-
panies (P10), also emphasize he need o p i a e sec o suppo in
enhancing u al in as uc u e. This unde sco es ha c oss-sec o
collabo a ion is key o add essing in as uc u e challenges.
“Collabo a ion be ween he p i a e sec o and he go e nmen is c ucial o
accele a e u al in as uc u e de elopmen .” (P10)
Ano he challenge is he lack o skills among a me s o e ec i ely
adop digi al echnology. Ele en pa icipan s exp ess conce ns abou
a me s’ lack o skills in adop ing digi al echnology.
"I lack unde s anding in u ilizing digi al ools e ec i ely o enhance p o-
duc i i y." (P14)
On he o he hand, an academic pa icipan (P2) highligh s he lack
o aining and educa ion ocused on digi al echnology, inhibi ing
a me s’ abili y o bene i om inno a ions in he ag icul u al sec o .
Ano he challenge aised by pa icipan s is he low isibili y o he
bene i s o digi aliza ion in ag icul u e. Ele en pa icipan s highligh
a me s’ lack o awa eness o he bene i s o digi al echnology, leading
o eluc ance in adop ion.
“Among a me s, many a e unawa e o he bene i s o digi al echnology,
Table 1
In e iew Pa icipan Cha ac e is ic.
To al 15
Gende
Male 11
Female 4
Age
20–29 Yea s old 4
30–39 Yea s old 5
40–49 Yea s old 3
50–59 Yea s old 3
Loca ion
Indonesia 14
Ko ea 1
S akeholde G oup
Go e nmen 3
Fa me s 3
Academics 3
S a up Employee 4
T ade Company Employee 2
Table 2
In e iew Pa icipan backg ounds.
Code Gende Desc ip ion
P1 Male Go e nmen
P2 Female Academic
P3 Male Fa me
P4 Male Academic
P5 Male S a up Employee
P6 Male T ade Company Employee
P7 Male Fa me
P8 Female Academic
P9 Male Go e nmen
P10 Male T ade Company Employee
P11 Male S a up Employee
P12 Male Academic
P13 Female Go e nmen
P14 Male Fa me
P15 Male S a up Employee
D.H.S. Kee e e al.
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics 40 (2024) 180–186
182
causing us a me s o be eluc an in using echnology.” (P7)
This pe spec i e emphasizes he impo ance o awa eness and edu-
ca ion in p omo ing digi al solu ion adop ion among a me s. Academic
pa icipan s (P8) also suppo his iew, highligh ing he low isibili y o
he po en ial bene i s o digi aliza ion hinde ing widesp ead adop ion o
digi al echnology in ag icul u e. This unde sco es he impo ance o
ini ia i es aimed a inc easing awa eness and knowledge abou he ad-
an ages o digi al ools among s akeholde s in he ag icul u al sec o .
The impo ance o suppo and collabo a ion om s akeholde s is
also highligh ed by pa icipan s. Ten indi iduals emphasize he signi i-
cance o building g ea e coope a ion among s akeholde s o ad ance
digi aliza ion in ag icul u e.
“Collabo a ion among s akeholde s, including go e nmen agencies, p i-
a e companies, and a me o ganiza ions, is c ucial o d i e digi al inno-
a ion in ag icul u e.” (P6)
This sen imen aligns wi h iews sha ed by pa icipan s om a ious
sec o s. Fo example, go e nmen ep esen a i es (P9) acknowledge he
need o mul i-s akeholde pa ne ships o e ec i ely le e age esou ces
and expe ise. Simila ly, pa icipan s om he p i a e sec o , such as
s a ups (P15), highligh he alue o collabo a i e e o s in d i ing
digi al inno a ion. Pa icipan (P14) also emphasizes he impo ance o
s akeholde collabo a ion.
"Go e nmen agencies should collabo a e wi h p i a e companies and
a me o ganiza ions o de elop comp ehensi e digi aliza ion s a egies and
ini ia i es." (P9)
"Wo king wi h go e nmen agencies and a me o ganiza ions enables us
o collec i ely c ea e solu ions ha add ess he speci ic needs and challenges
in he ag icul u al sec o ." (P15)
"Communica ing wi h go e nmen agencies and p i a e companies allows
us o ad oca e o policies and echnologies ha bene i a me s and p omo e
sus ainable ag icul u e." (P14)
Clima e change eme ges as a signi ican conce n among se en pa -
icipan s, highligh ing i s ad e se impac s on ag icul u al supply chain
esilience.
"Changing wea he pa e ns and unp edic able clima e condi ions pose
signi ican challenges o ag icul u al p oduc ion and managemen ." (P4)
In addi ion o clima e change, poo was e managemen p ac ices a e
iden i ied as an u gen issue by nine pa icipan s. They highligh he
de imen al e ec s o ine icien was e managemen on en i onmen al
heal h and long- e m ag icul u al sus ainabili y.
"Ine icien was e managemen p ac ices con ibu e o en i onmen al
deg ada ion and pose h ea s o long- e m ag icul u al sus ainabili y." (P10)
4.2. Bene i s o digi aliza ion o ag icul u e supply chain esilience
Fig. 2 highligh s he bene i s o digi aliza ion o ag icul u al supply
chain esilience, as iden i ied by he in e iew pa icipan s. Thi een
pa icipan s emphasize he c ucial ole o digi al pla o ms in acili a ing
syne gy wi h ag icul u al s akeholde s. This iew unde sco es he
ans o ma i e impac o digi aliza ion in b eaking down ba ie s and
acili a ing smoo h communica ion and collabo a ion among a ious
pa ies.
"Digi al pla o ms se e as ca alys s o collabo a ion and knowledge
sha ing among s akeholde s ac oss he ag icul u al alue chain." (P6)
Pa icipan s om a ious sec o s emphasize he impo ance o syn-
e gy wi h s akeholde s in d i ing digi al inno a ion. Go e nmen ep-
esen a i es (P13) acknowledge he ole o digi al pla o ms in
p omo ing mul i-s akeholde pa ne ships and collec i e ac ion. P i a e
sec o pa icipan s, such as s a up employees (P15), also highligh he
alue o syne gy wi h s akeholde s in d i ing digi al ans o ma ion.
"Digi aliza ion enables go e nmen agencies, p i a e companies, and
a me o ganiza ions o collabo a e e ec i ely, esul ing in inno a i e solu-
ions and sus ainable p ac ices." (P13)
"Collabo a i e ini ia i es in ol ing s akeholde s om a ious sec o s
p omo e inno a ion and accele a e he adop ion o digi al echnology in
ag icul u e." (P15)
Pa icipan s also ecognize he b oade implica ions o syne gy wi h
s akeholde s beyond echnology adop ion.
"Syne gy wi h s akeholde s p omo es knowledge exchange, capaci y
building, and inclusi e decision-making p ocesses in ag icul u e." (P2)
The impo ance o educa ional suppo om digi al echnology in
ag icul u e eme ges as a equen ly ecu ing heme among pa icipan s,
highligh ing he ans o ma i e ole o digi al pla o ms in knowledge
dissemina ion and capaci y building. Twel e pa icipan s emphasize he
signi ican educa ional suppo o e ed by digi al echnology.
"Digi al pla o ms play a c ucial ole in p o iding a me s wi h access o
in o ma ion, aining, and consul ing se ices." (P8)
"S a ups le e age digi al pla o ms o p o ide in e ac i e lea ning expe-
iences and pe sonalized aining modules o a me s, acili a ing skill
de elopmen and echnology adop ion." (P11)
Mo eo e , pa icipan s acknowledge he b oade implica ions o
educa ional suppo beyond indi idual capaci y building.
"Educa ional suppo h ough digi al pla o ms p omo es inno a ion and
en ep eneu ship in ag icul u e, os e ing a cul u e o li elong lea ning and
con inuous imp o emen ." (P4)
Fig. 1. Challenges o Digi aliza ion o Ag icul u e Supply Chain Resilience.
D.H.S. Kee e e al.
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics 40 (2024) 180–186
183
Twel e pa icipan s highligh he alue o digi al echnology in
imp o ing he quali y o in o ma ion a ailable o ag icul u al s ake-
holde s. Go e nmen ep esen a i es (P13) acknowledge he ole o
digi al pla o ms in p o iding policymake s wi h da a-d i en insigh s o
in o m e idence-based policy decisions.
"Digi al pla o ms enable s akeholde s o access eal- ime da a, ma ke
in elligence, and ag onomic insigh s, empowe ing hem o make in o med
decisions." (P5)
"Digi al echnology allows policymake s o access eliable da a and
analysis, acili a ing e idence-based policymaking and esou ce alloca ion."
(P13)
"Access o high-quali y ma ke in elligence and ag onomic da a h ough
digi al pla o ms enables companies o iden i y oppo uni ies, op imize supply
chains, and enhance p oduc o e ings." (P6)
The po en ial o cos educ ion h ough digi al echnology adop ion
in ag icul u e eme ges as a highligh ed heme among pa icipan s,
e lec ing he ans o ma i e impac o digi aliza ion on ope a ional
e iciency and esou ce managemen . Ele en pa icipan s emphasize he
signi ican cos educ ion po en ial h ough digi al echnology adop ion.
Views sha ed by pa icipan s om a ious sec o s u he emphasize he
impac o cos educ ion in d i ing digi al ans o ma ion.
"Digi al ools o e oppo uni ies o minimize inpu cos s, op imize
esou ce u iliza ion, and imp o e ope a ional e iciency." (P10)
"Digi al echnology enables go e nmen agencies o suppo a me s wi h
ools and solu ions ha op imize esou ce use and educe p oduc ion cos s."
(P9)
"Adop ing digi al echnology allows companies o lowe p oduc ion cos s,
inc ease p o i ma gins, and emain compe i i e in he ma ke ." (P6)
"Cos educ ion h ough digi al echnology p omo es sus ainabili y by
minimizing esou ce was e and en i onmen al impac in ag icul u e." (P4)
Nine pa icipan s acknowledge he po en ial o digi aliza ion o in-
c ease a me s’ income h ough a ious means such as op imizing p o-
duc ion p ocesses, imp o ing ma ke access, and enabling be e p ice
nego ia ions. Simila ly, nine pa icipan s ecognize he po en ial o ac-
cess new ma ke oppo uni ies h ough digi aliza ion. Go e nmen
ep esen a i es (P1) acknowledge he ole o digi al pla o ms in
enabling a me s o le e age ma ke in elligence and consume insigh s
o iden i y and capi alize on eme ging ma ke ends.
"Digi al pla o ms p o ide oppo uni ies o s a ups o explo e new
ma ke s, inno a e in p oduc o e ings, and c ea e alue o a me s and
consume s." (P15)
Ten pa icipan s emphasize he po en ial was e educ ion h ough
digi aliza ion, acknowledging ha digi al ools can play a signi ican
ole in op imizing esou ce managemen p ac ices, minimizing losses,
and educing en i onmen al impac s in ag icul u al p oduc ion. Pa -
icipan s om a ious sec o s emphasize he connec ion be ween was e
educ ion and op imiza ion o was e managemen p ac ices wi h
b oade sus ainabili y goals.
"Digi al echnology enables go e nmen agencies o implemen da a-
d i en app oaches o was e managemen , p omo ing esou ce e iciency
and en i onmen al sus ainabili y." (P9)
"Op imizing was e managemen p ac ices h ough digi aliza ion enhances
b and c edibili y and demons a es commi men o en i onmen al sus ain-
abili y." (P6)
"E icien was e managemen h ough digi al echnology con ibu es o
en i onmen al conse a ion and clima e esilience, p omo ing long- e m
sus ainabili y in ag icul u e." (P12)
5. Discussion
Semi-s uc u ed in e iews we e conduc ed wi h s akeholde s in he
ag icul u al sec o o explo e he challenges and bene i s o digi aliza-
ion in he con ex o sus ainable ag icul u e in Indonesia, wi h b oade
implica ions o ASEAN.
The limi a ions o digi al in as uc u e, such as limi ed in e ne
access and uns able elec ici y supply in u al a eas, pose majo obs a-
cles o in eg a ing digi aliza ion in o he ag icul u al supply chain in
Indonesia. Signi ican in es men is needed o imp o e digi al and
physical in as uc u e in u al a eas, wi h collabo a ion be ween he
go e nmen and o he s akeholde s (Rozikin e al., 2023; Rahman,
2022; Mon escla os & Teng, 2023).
The inabili y o a me s o acqui e adequa e aining in digi al
echnology and he lack o digi al li e acy among a me s a e signi ican
ba ie s o adop ing digi al echnology in he ag icul u al sec o . Sus-
ainable in es men is needed in educa ing and aining a me s on he
use o digi al echnology in ag icul u e (Deichmann e al., 2016;
Bocha o a, 2020). Collabo a ion be ween he go e nmen , educa ional
ins i u ions, and he p i a e sec o needs o be enhanced o imp o e
a me s’ capabili ies in adop ing digi al echnology.
The lack o awa eness and unde s anding o he bene i s o digi ali-
za ion in ag icul u e, as well as he lack o suppo and collabo a ion
among s akeholde s, a e c ucial challenges in in eg a ing digi aliza ion
in o he ag icul u al supply chain in Indonesia. The impo ance o c oss-
sec o al coope a ion in add essing challenges in ag icul u e ela ed o
Fig. 2. Bene i o Digi aliza ion o Ag icul u e Supply Chain Resilience.
D.H.S. Kee e e al.
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics 40 (2024) 180–186
184
clima e change has been highligh ed (Amma e al., 2023). Howe e ,
challenges in in eg a ing digi aliza ion in o he ag icul u al supply chain
may hinde e o s o imp o e ood secu i y in a ec ed egions
(Mon escla os & Teng, 2023). Resea ch by Deichmann e al. (2016) and
Feb ianda (2021) shows ha he adop ion o digi al echnology in
ag icul u e can signi ican ly educe p oduc ion cos s, imp o e ope a-
ional e iciency, and s eng hen a me s’ economic esilience.
In addi ion o enhancing he e iciency o ag icul u al supply chains,
digi aliza ion has b oade implica ions o Indonesia’s ma i ime logis-
ics en i onmen . As an a chipelagic coun y, Indonesia elies hea ily on
ma i ime anspo o dis ibu e ag icul u al p oduc s ac oss i s islands
and o in e na ional ma ke s. Digi al pla o ms can acili a e be e co-
o dina ion be ween ag icul u al p oduce s and logis ics p o ide s,
educing shipping delays, op imizing anspo schedules, and
imp o ing o e all logis ics e iciency (Amin e al., 2021). The in eg a-
ion o eal- ime da a om digi al sys ems can help align ag icul u al
p oduc ion cycles wi h shipping schedules, educing idle ime a po s
and imp o ing cos e iciency. This is pa icula ly ele an o he
ASEAN egion, whe e ma i ime logis ics is a c i ical componen o
egional ade. By enhancing bo h ag icul u al supply chain esilience
and ma i ime logis ics e iciency, digi aliza ion suppo s b oade goals
o inno a ion and sus ainabili y in Indonesia and he ASEAN
communi y.
These esul s highligh he impo ance o add essing in as uc u e
challenges, lack o digi al knowledge and skills, and lack o awa eness
and suppo om s akeholde s in in eg a ing digi aliza ion in o he
ag icul u al supply chain in Indonesia and ASEAN. Godin e al. (2020)
demons a e ha he lack o coo dina ion and collabo a ion among
s akeholde s can be a ba ie o implemen ing digi al solu ions in ag i-
cul u e. In es men and e o s in ag icul u al digi aliza ion can be an
e ec i e s a egy in s eng hening ood supply chain esilience in he
egion, by enhancing ope a ional e iciency, p oduc quali y, and a me
income. C oss-sec o al coope a ion be ween he go e nmen , p i a e
sec o , educa ional ins i u ions, and ci il socie y o ganiza ions is needed
o c ea e an en i onmen suppo i e o he adop ion o digi al echnol-
ogy in ag icul u e.
6. Conclusion
This esea ch highligh s he challenges and bene i s o digi aliza ion
in he ag icul u al supply chain, ocusing on he pe spec i es o s ake-
holde s in Indonesia as a membe o ASEAN. The aim was o explo e
pe cep ions o he impo ance o digi aliza ion in enhancing ag icul u al
supply chain esilience. Th ough semi-s uc u ed in e iews, a signi i-
can gap in awa eness o he bene i s o digi aliza ion was iden i ied,
wi h mos pa icipan s exp essing conce ns abou a lack o unde -
s anding o digi al echnology. O he challenges, such as limi ed in a-
s uc u e, lack o digi al li e acy, and insu icien s akeholde suppo ,
we e also iden i ied. Howe e , he po en ial bene i s o digi aliza ion,
including inc eased income, cos educ ion, and imp o ed ope a ional
e iciency, ha e been emphasized.
While he ocus o his s udy is on he ag icul u al sec o , he indings
sugges ha b oade implica ions o ma i ime logis ics in Indonesia and
ASEAN could a ise om digi aliza ion. As an a chipelagic coun y,
Indonesia hea ily elies on ma i ime anspo o dis ibu e ag icul u al
p oduc s bo h domes ically and in e na ionally. By acili a ing be e
coo dina ion and op imizing shipping schedules, delays could be
educed, and o e all logis ics e iciency imp o ed h ough he use o
digi al pla o ms. This is aligned wi h ASEAN’s b oade goals o
enhancing egional connec i i y and os e ing sus ainable ade
p ac ices.
I has been emphasized ha aising awa eness and knowledge abou
digi al solu ions in ag icul u e and logis ics is c ucial. This esea ch
p o ides insigh s in o he complexi y o challenges and bene i s associ-
a ed wi h digi aliza ion in he ag icul u al sec o , wi h po en ial spill-
o e e ec s on logis ics and shipping.
The p ac ical implica ions o his esea ch a e seen as ele an o
policymake s, ag icul u al o ganiza ions, and echnology p o ide s,
wi h he po en ial o build a mo e esilien , e icien , and sus ainable
ag icul u al supply chain. Mo eo e , i is sugges ed ha he adop ion o
digi al solu ions could enhance ma i ime logis ics and suppo c oss-
bo de ade wi hin ASEAN, he eby p omo ing inno a ion and sus-
ainabili y ac oss he egion’s supply chains. Howe e , he s udy’s lim-
i a ions, pa icula ly he small sample size and he ocus on quali a i e
da a, highligh he need o u he esea ch. Fu u e s udies should
conside employing la ge sample sizes and inco po a ing quan i a i e
me hods o alida e and expand upon he indings o his s udy. Addi-
ionally, u he in es iga ion in o he speci ic impac o digi aliza ion
on ma i ime logis ics in Indonesia and ASEAN is ecommended o p o-
ide deepe insigh s and a mo e comp ehensi e unde s anding o he
subjec .
CRediT au ho ship con ibu ion s a emen
Hyunmi Jang: Supe ision, Me hodology. Ji-Min Su : W i ing –
e iew & edi ing, Me hodology. Dimas Ha is Sean Kee e: W i ing –
o iginal d a , In es iga ion.
Decla a ion o Compe ing In e es
The au ho s decla e ha hey ha e no known compe ing inancial
in e es s o pe sonal ela ionships ha could ha e appea ed o in luence
he wo k epo ed in his pape .
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