Nabo a i, Reza; Hosseini, Moj aba; Ghanaa i, Mohammadmehdi
A icle
F om solop eneu s o syne gis s: a bibliome ic jou ney
in o SME collabo a ion
Cogen Business & Managemen
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Sugges ed Ci a ion: Nabo a i, Reza; Hosseini, Moj aba; Ghanaa i, Mohammadmehdi (2024) : F om
solop eneu s o syne gis s: a bibliome ic jou ney in o SME collabo a ion, Cogen Business &
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F om solop eneu s o syne gis s: a bibliome ic
jou ney in o SME collabo a ion
Reza Nabo a i, Moj aba Hosseini & Mohammadmehdi Ghanaa i
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F om solop eneu s o syne gis s: a bibliome ic jou ney in o SME collabo a ion, Cogen
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2024, VoL. 11, no. 1, 2399951
F om solop eneu s o syne gis s: a bibliome ic jou ney in o SME
collabo a ion
eza nabo a ia , Moj aba hosseinib and Mohammadmehdi Ghanaa ib
aLinköping uni e si y (Liu), Linköping, sweden; bBlekinge ins i u e o echnology (B H), Ka lsk ona, sweden
ABSTRACT
collabo a ions, as a na u al selec ion o small and Medium-sized En e p ises (sMEs) in
he business en i onmen , ha e been ex ensi ely s udied. howe e , he co e heo e ical
unde pinnings, as well as ecen esea ch di ec ions and hemes ha e no been
in es iga ed. his s udy aims o holis ically e iew he ex an body o knowledge
pe aining o sME collabo a ion, he eby cla i ying hese ins ances. D awing upon a
co pus o 978 schola ly a icles e ie ed om he scopus da abase, spanning he yea s
1982 o 2022, his s udy implemen s a bibliome ic analysis u ilizing he os iewe
so wa e o map he in ellec ual landscape and disce n pa e ns wi hin he li e a u e.
he co-ci a ion analysis depic ed ou p ima y heo e ical cons uc s: hose pe aining
o ela ionship, open inno a ion, capabili y, and pe o mance. he bibliog aphic coupling
analysis depic ed he p e ailing ends in collabo a i e endea o s, encompassing supply
chain, &D, coope i ion, indus y 4.0, in e na ionaliza ion, and open inno a ion.
Fu he mo e, he applica ion o co-occu ence analysis acili a ed he delinea ion o i e
dis inc esea ch hemes wi hin his domain. he in es iga ion ex ends o a c i ical
discussion on he p ospec i e o ien a ion and concludes wi h an examina ion o he i s
implica ions, o e ing insigh s o he esea ch, manage s, and policymake s.
1. In oduc ion
Globally, small and Medium-sized En e p ises (sMEs) make up 95% o companies, employ 60% o he
wo k o ce, and con ibu e o 40% o he GDp (Dabić e al., 2020; Jou neaul e al., 2021). hey a e c ucial
o economic g ow h a all le els (pe ei a & F anco, 2022). wi h inc easing globaliza ion and compe i ion,
sMEs a e adop ing new echnologies and da a-d i en app oaches ( agazou e al., 2022). howe e , hey
o en lack esou ces, such as compe ency, inance, and ime (ca nei o e al., 2021). o o e come hese
challenges, sMEs engage in a ious collabo a ions, gain knowledge, educe unce ain y, enhance c edi-
bili y, and imp o e hei o e ings (cai ns e al., 2023; ho e al., 2023; leckel e al., 2020).
in he p eceding decade, he academic landscape has wi nessed a p oli e a ion o esea ch ocusing
on he na u e, d i e s, and ou comes o collabo a i e en u es in ol ing sMEs (pe is-o iz & Fe ei a,
2017). his schola ly pu sui has in ol ed he iden i ica ion and elucida ion o a ious coope a i e dimen-
sions, including pa ne ship, s a egic objec i es, echnological equisi es (lelah e al., 2012; idgen e al.,
2004), and he delinea ion o op imal models and p ac ices h ough empi ical case s udies (Bo donaba-Jus e
& camb a-Fie o, 2009; Jou neaul e al., 2021). al hough he scien i ic ocus on sME collabo a ions is
acknowledged, he p ecise scope (in e ms o he numbe o publica ions) and impac (in e ms o he
numbe o ci a ions) o hem emain unclea .
his schola ly a en ion has led o he agg ega ion o knowledge which, despi e i s bene i s, has
engende ed a se ies o ambigui ies. one o hem conce ns he heo e ical ounda ions o hese in es i-
ga ions—speci ically, whe he hey a e i mly oo ed in social heo ies, o whe he a b oade a ay o
heo e ical cons uc s has been applied (chinomona & p e o ius, 2011; G ano e e , 1985; schulze-Ehle s
e al., 2014). Mo eo e , he li e a u e p oposes collabo a ion wi h a di e se a ay o s akeholde s. howe e ,
© 2024 he au ho (s). Published by in o ma uK Limi ed, ading as aylo & F ancis g oup
CONTACT Mohammadmehdi ghanaa i [email p o ec ed] Blekinge ins i u e o echnology (B H), Ka lsk ona, sweden.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2024.2399951
his is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons a ibu ion License (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/), which
pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. he e ms on which his a icle has been
published allow he pos ing o he accep ed Manusc ip in a eposi o y by he au ho (s) o wi h hei consen .
ARTICLE HISTORY
ecei ed 15 Feb ua y
2024
e ised 15 July 2024
accep ed 19 July 2024
KEYWORDS
collabo a ion; small and
medium-sized en e p ises
(sMEs); in e -o ganiza ion;
coope a ion; ela ionship;
ne wo king
SUBJECTS
indus y & indus ial
s udies; Business,
Managemen and
accoun ing; Economics;
En i onmen & Business;
small Business
Managemen ;
in e na ional Business;
s a egic Managemen ;
Managemen o
echnology & inno a ion
2 . naBo a i E al.
he e emains ambigui y ega ding he deg ee o o mali y o in o mali y o go e nance (lewis e al.,
2015; Ma in e al., 2019), choice o p oximi y (Jespe sen e al., 2018), p o ec ion mechanisms (leiponen
& Byma, 2009), exploi a ion and explo a ion app oach (apa e al., 2021; hessels & pa ke , 2013) and he
go e nmen ’s ole (Kang & pa k, 2012; Zeng e al., 2010). simila ly, o esea che s in business s udies
con empla ing u u e esea ch agendas, he e is a lack o cla i y ega ding which opics o explo e.
in conside a ion o he a o emen ioned con en , his s udy seeks o un eil he challenges iden i ied in
ex an li e a u e by posi ing he ollowing ques ions:
1. wha a e he quali a i e and quan i a i e cha ac e is ics o scien i ic p oduc ion in he domain o
sME coope a ion in ecen yea s?
2. which heo e ical ounda ions ha e been p edomina ely e e enced in he examina ion o sME
collabo a ions?
3. wha o ms o collabo a ion ha e a ac ed academic sc u iny?
4. wha conside a ions should esea che s p io i ize in o hcoming s udies pe aining o sME
collabo a ions?
1.1. Li e a u e backg ound
ou e iew indica es ha o da e, ou in es iga ions ha e been conduc ed wi hin he domain o sME
collabo a ions. while hese s udies con ibu e signi ican ly o he ield, hey all sho o add essing ou
speci ic esea ch objec i es, hus p omp ing he ini ia ion o ou s udy. among hese, ole y and Mazza ol
(2015) and Bake e al. (2021) analyzed a icles om he in e na ional small Business Jou nal, and small
Business Economics Jou nal, espec i ely. he p incipal objec i e o hese analyses was o ca ego ize he
esea ch hemes pe aining o sMEs ia a bibliome ic app oach. Despi e he ecogni ion o sME ne -
wo ks as a salien subjec , hey ha e ye o encompass a comp ehensi e examina ion o he inhe en
cha ac e is ics and d i ing ac o s o such collabo a i e en u es.
agos ini and nosella (2019) explo ed he collabo a i e engagemen s among sMEs wi hin he ame-
wo k o in e -o ganiza ion ela ions. o b ing cohe ence o his agmen ed ield o s udy, i iden i ied
ou sub ields: sME s a egic alliances wi h a ocus on collec i e goals, social capi al wi hin sME ne wo ks,
which encompasses he heo e ical bases o ne wo k o ma ion, inno a ion wi hin sME ne wo ks ha
align p edominan ly wi h he open inno a ion (oi) model, and he in e na ionaliza ion o sME ne wo ks
which pe ains o in e na ional en ep eneu ship. his classi ica ion aids in he sys ema ic examina ion o
in e -o ganiza ional in e ac ions among sMEs.
las ly, in he schola ly wo k o Dabić e al. (2020), he web o science da abase se ed as he oun-
da ion o esea ch ex ac ion, wi h a icles being sc u inized ac oss h ee dis inc dimensions: subjec s,
heo ies, and me hodologies. he u iliza ion o spss so wa e acili a ed he analy ical p ocess, yielding
insigh s in o c i ical sub opics pe inen o sME in e na ionaliza ion. hese include ma ke en y s a e-
gies, human capi al, and ne wo king a he subjec le el; he uppsala model and he Bo n Global ame-
wo k a he heo e ical le el; and a blend o concep ual and empi ical app oaches a he me hodological
le el. al hough hese indings con ibu e aluable knowledge, hey all sho o p o iding a comp ehen-
si e explo a ion o he ex ensi e ange o collabo a i e p ac ices among sMEs, no do hey ho oughly
in es iga e he my iad ac o s and condi ions ha shape such coope a i e engagemen s.
1.2. The dis inc ion o his s udy
able 1 p esen s an o e iew o he ou s udies e iewed in he p e ious subsec ion. s udies 1 and 4
we e ocused on e alua ing he pe o mance o speci ic jou nals, hus hey u ilized a singula sou ce o
hei analysis. in con as , he ocal poin o ou in es iga ion is he sME collabo a ions and aims o elu-
cida e he ull b ead h o collabo a ions ha ha e unde gone scien i ic analysis. such an o ien a ion
manda es he u iliza ion o an ex ensi e da a sou ce.
s udy 2 posed inqui ies analogous o hose o ou cu en s udy; howe e , i was p edica ed upon a
da ase amassed in Ma ch 2015. in ligh o he ecen expansion in scien i ic esea ch, which has been
coGEn BusinEss & ManaGEMEn 3
escala ing a a compound annual g ow h a e o 3.31% (Gu & Blackmo e, 2016), i is an icipa ed ha he
expanding body o knowledge will un eil no el insigh s in o eme gen ends o sME collabo a ion and
hei unde lying heo e ical amewo ks. his de elopmen necessi a es he unde aking o a no el e iew
o assimila e and in e p e he bu geoning li e a u e.
al hough s udy 3 is no cons ained by esou ce limi a ions and p ima ily a ge s he in e na ionaliza-
ion aspec o sMEs, ou esea ch is no con ined o such subjec s. his ac o wa an s ca e ul conside -
a ion du ing he selec ion o sea ch e ms.
he e o e, his s udy dis inguished i sel om p e ious wo ks in e ms o he scope and me hod. he
scope is aimed a he explici unde s anding o collabo a ion ypes adop ed by sMEs using a da ase no
s udy so a has included. we also included a con en analysis o ou me hod as a quali a i e me hod o
complemen he quan i a i e me hod o bibliome ics.
he emainde o his a icle is o ganized as ollows. in he second sec ion, we elabo a e on he da a
collec ion p ocess, de ailing he sou ces o ou da a, he me hodologies employed in i s collec ion, and
he so wa e u ilized o his pu pose. in he hi d sec ion, we p esen he esul s o ou analysis, includ-
ing he g ow h ajec o y o he li e a u e pe aining o he subjec ma e and an e alua ion o a icles
based on ci a ion coun s. subsequen ly, we del ed in o he heo e ical unde pinnings and p e ailing
ends o hese a icles, as e ealed by co-ci a ion analysis and bibliog aphic coupling. Finally, in he
ou h sec ion, we explo e po en ial u u e esea ch di ec ions, as sugges ed by he a icles unde e iew.
2. Da a and me hods
2.1. Da a
in ou s udy, we employed he scopus da abase o compile he necessa y da ase . as one o he la ges
cu a ed collec ions o abs ac s and ci a ions, scopus p o ides esea che s wi h a weal h o high-quali y,
pee - e iewed documen s o be e comp ehend he ounda ions and ends o his scien i ic ield (Baas
e al., 2020). acco ding o Baas e al. (2020), i encompasses o e 39,100 se ial i les, wi h he mos
ecen ly published con en indexed om o e 24,500 i les. addi ionally, scopus includes eco ds om
120,000 con e ences and 206,000 books o igina ing om o e 5,000 di e en publishe s wo ldwide. o
pe o m a sea ch wi hin his da abase, a ious o ms o keywo ds poin ing o small o medium-sized
i ms and synonyms o coope a ion we e iden i ied. Boolean ope a o s (o and anD), quo a ion ma ks,
and as e isks we e hen used o build he ini ial sea ch s ing. he sea ch s ing ha was e ined was as
ollows: TITLE (sme OR SMEs OR ‘small and medium * en e p i*’ OR ‘small i m*’ OR ‘small business*’ OR ‘small
en e p i?e*’) AND (KEY (collabo a ion OR collabo a i e* OR coope a ion OR coope i ion) OR TITLE (collabo a-
ion OR collabo a i e* OR coope a ion OR ecosys em* OR coope i ion)).
he sea ch was conduc ed on ap il 2023, and 978 documen s published up o 2022 we e ob ained.
he mos p oduc i e subjec a eas we e Business, Managemen and accoun ing (29.2%), compu e
science (15.7%), and enginee ing (13.7%), while he leas p oduc i e a eas we e ma hema ics (2.2%),
ene gy (2%), and medicine (1%). Meanwhile, o ensu e ull co e age o all publica ions ela ed o sMEs,
his s udy did no apply any il e s o he subjec a ea.
a e examining he ci a ion in o ma ion o he a icles, hose wi hou Doi (177 a icles) and hose
wi h incomple e au ho in o ma ion (25 a icles) we e emo ed. his educed he numbe o s udies om
978 o 776. Figu e 1 illus a es he p ocedu e o loca ing and choosing pape s.
Table 1. an o e iew o he da a and me hods employed is p e ious subsec ion.
Row Pape
Da a
Da a size Da a du a ion Da a sou ce subjec il e Me hod
1(Vole y & Mazza ol, 2015) 660 30 yea s
(1982–2012)
isBJ no sPss
2(agos ini & nosella, 2019) 297 no speci ied Wos Yes sPss
3(Dabić e al., 2020) 762 27 yea s
(1992–2018)
Wos no sPss
4(Bake e al., 2021) 1740 30 yea s
(1989–2018)
sBe no VosViewe
4 . naBo a i E al.
2.2. Me hods
Bibliome ic analysis, which is he p e e ed analy ical ool in his s udy, is help ul when a scien i ic
ield has e ol ed o e ime; howe e , he accumula ed knowledge lacks s udies ha highligh i s
ch onological change and sys ema ic classi ica ion o main and sub- ields (u iona-Maldonado e al.,
2012). he esul s o bibliome ic analysis also cla i y he cu en s age o esea ch in a gi en a ea,
esea ch p io i ies, and u u e lines o de elopmen , as well as i s pa e ns and ends (Delespos e
e al., 2021; Zhang e al., 2017). Gi en he quan i a i e na u e o bibliome ics, i is ad isable o employ
con en analysis as a complemen a y me hod. his in eg a ed app oach mi iga es he limi a ions inhe -
en o each echnique, os e ing a mo e nuanced unde s anding o he esea ch landscape (Kim & so,
2022). consequen ly, esea che s me iculously examined he i les, keywo ds, and abs ac s o all
e ie ed publica ions. Each s age o da a e iew adhe ed o igo ous p o ocols o ensu e objec i i y.
among a ange o so wa e packages, including ci espace, his ci e, pajek, and Gephi, os iewe was
selec ed o ou bibliome ic analysis, isualiza ion, and explo a ion. his mo e- han-a-decade ool has
been ex ensi ely u ilized in a wide a ie y o bibliome ic s udies such as knowledge managemen , edu-
ca ion, and social science (akba i e al., 2021; Jia & Mus a a, 2022). i s obus capabili ies and use - iendly
in e ace (Jia & Mus a a, 2022) make i a sui able choice o ou esea ch. By le e aging echniques such
as bibliog aphic coupling and co-ci a ion, we can add ess he esea ch ques ions ela ed o he heo e -
ical unde pinnings and ends wi hin his scien i ic ield (noo e al., 2020). os iewe employs op imi-
za ion and clus e ing algo i hms o isually ep esen he le el o simila i y be ween he nodes o analysis
and o c ea e a wo-dimensional space whe e he mos and leas connec ed a icles a e posi ioned close
o o a he away om he cen e ( an oo scho e al., 2018). Examining he deg ee o ela edness
among he elemen s o he analysis esul s in he c ea ion o clus e s wi h dis inc non-o e lapping
cha ac e is ics (chis o e al., 2021).
3. Resul s
3.1. Resea ch g ow h
Figu e 2 illus a es he annual dis ibu ion o publica ions om 1980 o 2022, demons a ing he g ow h o
published pape s on his opic. p io o 2002, he numbe o publica ions on his opic emained ela i ely
cons an , wi h ewe han i e a icles published pe yea . howe e , in he ollowing yea s, he e was a
s eady inc ease in he numbe o publica ions, wi h an a e age g ow h a e o 48.2%. he accumula ion o
knowledge on his opic can be di ided in o wo dis inc pe iods: (1) om 1980–2015 and (2) om 2016–
2022. Each pe iod accoun ed o 50 pe cen o all he publica ions on he opic. he i s pe iod began wi h
a single publica ion in i s opening yea , whe eas he second pe iod began wi h six y- wo publica ions. a
compa ison o hese wo pe iods e eals g owing in e es among schola s in he a ea o sME collabo a ion.
his is e idenced by a signi ican inc ease in he numbe o publica ions on he opic o e ime.
Figu e 3 p esen s he dis ibu ion o ci a ions pe yea and he cumula i e numbe o ci a ions o e a
de ined pe iod. o he 13,201 ci a ions eco ded, 6,583 (49.87%) occu ed be o e 2012 and 6,618 (50.13%) a e
ha yea . he dis ibu ion o ci a ions indica es ha hal o he ci a ions occu ed wi hin he hi d pe cen o
he publica ion pe iod, sugges ing a posi i e end om 2012–2022. he dec ease in he numbe o ci a ions
obse ed in he inal yea s o he e alua ion pe iod can be a ibu ed o he ac ha i ypically akes h ee
o se en yea s o an a icle o each i s highes possible numbe o ci a ions (lópez- obles e al., 2019).
Figu e 1. P ocedu es o da a collec ion and p epa a ion o analysis.
coGEn BusinEss & ManaGEMEn 5
3.2. Ci a ion analysis
he op i e mos -ci ed a icles in his ield a e lis ed in able 2. among he esul s, 21 a icles had mo e
han 100 ci a ions, accoun ing o 38% o he o al ci a ions. Mo eo e , 31 a icles had > 50 ci a ions, ep e-
sen ing 15% o he o al ci a ions. he mos ci ed a icle was w i en by Zeng e al. (2010) and published
in Techno a ion. he second mos -ci ed a icle was au ho ed by na ula (2004) and appea ed in Techno a ion.
he hi d mos ci ed a icle was p oduced by Boug ain and haude ille (2002) and published in Resea ch Policy.
Figu e 2. Dis ibu ion o publica ions by yea (1980–2022).
Figu e 3. Dis ibu ion o ci a ion by yea (1980–2022).
6 . naBo a i E al.
3.3. Iden i ica ion o heo e ical backg ound
co-ci a ion analysis e ealed he knowledge bases ha ha e been used in he ield o sME coope a ion
since 1977. Duplica e e e ences om he i s co-ci a ion analysis we e emo ed using a os iewe he-
sau us ile, esul ing in 34,449 unique e e ences. he cons uc ed map o e e ences, ep esen ed in
Figu e 4, consis s o ou ela i ely consis en clus e s. a e iew o his igu e indica es ha he e is a
ela i e space be ween ed and g een and blue-g een clus e s. he e is also an o e lap be ween he
ed-blue, blue-yellow, and yellow-g een clus e s. he opics ela ed o hese clus e s a e explained in he
ollowing sec ions.
3.3.1. Red clus e : Rela ion- ela ed concep s
he ed clus e , which includes 41 jou nal pape s, can be labeled ‘ ela ion- ela ed concep s’. his clus e
was he la ges in e ms o he publica ions olume and ci a ion equency. wi hin his clus e , i is
assumed ha collabo a ion is p edica ed upon ela ionships, whose s ipula ions and no ms a e exp essed
in he a ays o concep s and heo e ical amewo ks i comp ises. he salience o he models and heo-
e ical cons uc s wi hin i lies in he p emise ha an sME ough o be e alua ed h ough he p ism o
i s ne wo k a ilia ions a he han as a soli a y en i y.
Following we ne el ’s (1984) classi ica ion o Rela ionships as a Fi m Resou ce acco ding o he
esou ce-Based iew, he no ion o S a egic Ne wo ks was in oduced (Ja illo, 1988). his concep posi s
ha i ms a e no soli a y en i ies bu a e imme sed in a web o ela ionships whe ein hei in e ac ions
in luence hei ope a ions (Gula i e al., 2000). consequen ly, ela ionships a e conside ed S a egic Asse s
as delinea ed by Ba ney (1991) ha , alongside Dynamic Capabili ies, shape he compe i i e des iny o
i ms ( osen eld, 1996; eece e al., 1997). among he o he ci ed concep s is Combina i e Capabili ies,
which highligh s he impe a i e o i ms o combine he knowledge gained h ough ela ionships (Kogu
& Zande , 1992) while keeping he balance be ween he explo a ion o ex e nal knowledge and he
exploi a ion o in e nal knowledge (Ma ch, 1991). he Commi men -T us Theo y unde sco es he indis-
pensabili y o commi men and us wi hin in e i m ela ionships (Mo gan & hun , 1994), while he
no ion o Rela ional Capi al necessi a es indi idual-le el in e ac ion (Dye & singh, 1998). addi ionally, he
cons uc o Social Capi al eme ges as a salien heme wi hin his clus e , wi h seminal con ibu ions by
nahapie and Ghoshal (1998) and ahuja (2000) u he elucida ing his concep .
o he e e ences in his clus e pe ain o he me hodological ounda ions o he esea ch in his ield.
e e ences o con ibu ions on da a collec ion me hods, s uc u al equa ion models, and case s udies
indica e ha quan i a i e esea ch is a signi ican app oach in he s udy o collabo a ion among sMEs
(Eisenha d , 1989; Fo nell & la cke , 1981). he inclusion o s udies on esea ch me hodology wi hin his
g oup sugges s he impo ance o deduc i e wo k in esea ch ela ed o he coope a ion o small
companies.
3.3.2. G een clus e : OI- ela ed concep s
he g een clus e , which includes 32 jou nal pape s, is e e ed o as ‘oi- ela ed concep s’ due o he
cen al hemes ha e ol e a ound oi model. he signi icance o his clus e lies in highligh ing he
dynamic capabili ies, sea ch- ela ed a ibu es, and he ex en o openness wi hin he inno a ion p ocess.
Table 2. op-5 mos ci ed a icles.
Rank au ho s i les Yea sou ce i le Ci a ion Ci e pe yea
1Zeng s.X.; Xie X.M.; am C.M. Rela ionship be ween coope a ion ne wo ks
and inno a ion pe o mance o sMes
2010 echno a ion 714 54.92
2na ula R. R&D collabo a ion by sMes: new
oppo uni ies and limi a ions in he ace o
globaliza ion
2004 echno a ion 408 21.47
3Boug ain F.; Haude ille B. inno a ion, collabo a ion, and sMes in e nal
esea ch capaci ies
2002 Resea ch Policy 352 16.76
4Robson P.J.a.; Benne R.J. sMe g ow h: he Rela ionship wi h Business
ad ice and ex e nal Collabo a ion
2000 small Business
economics
281 12.22
5Kang K.-n.; Pa k H. in luence o go e nmen R&D suppo and
in e - i m collabo a ions on inno a ion in
Ko ean bio echnology sMes
2012 echno a ion 265 24.09
coGEn BusinEss & ManaGEMEn 7
hese ac o s a ec he s a egic o mula ion o i ms, pa icula ly conce ning esou ce alloca ion and he
de elopmen o compe i i e p ocesses.
he oi, in oduced as a no el inno a ion me hodology (chesb ough & c ow he , 2006), encompasses he
ou side-in, inside-ou , and coupled p ocesses (Enkel e al., 2009). he e e enced a icles wi hin his clus e
elucida e he p inciples o hese models. one o hem examined he capabili y o exploi he oi en i on-
men , which is a dynamic capabili y ( eece, 2007). lau sen and sal e (2006) in es iga ed he b ead h and
dep h o sea ch as a pi o al explo a ion p ac ice in oi and conside ed a balance be ween hese me hods
as essen ial o a aining op imal inno a ion pe o mance. an De ande e al. (2009) examined he p e-
dominan oi p ac ices among sMEs and iden i ied he engagemen o non- &D pe sonnel as he explo a-
ion s a egy and co-c ea ion wi h cus ome s and ex e nal ne wo king as he exploi a ion s a egy should
be employed concu en ly. he s udy also no ed ha while he adop ion o oi does no di e be ween
manu ac u ing and se ice sec o s, company size does, as independen ly explo ed by spi ho en e al.
(2013). lee e al. (2010) ecognized he compe i i e ad an age o sMEs wi hin he comme cializa ion phase
o he oi con inuum, and p oposed a media ion model o enhance oi e iciency in sME collabo a ion.
Dahlande and Gann (2010) expounded on he essence o openness wi hin he inbound and ou bound
p ocesses o oi, and pa ida e al. (2012) posi ed ha each ac i i y ype aligns wi h speci ic inno a ion
ou comes.
3.3.3. Blue clus e : Capabili y- ela ed concep s
his clus e can be pe cei ed as an agg ega ion o schola ly a icles ha p ima ily ocus on he concep
o capabili y. se e al a icles wi hin his clus e ha e explo ed he dynamics o collabo a ion among
di e se pa ne s, delinea ing he dis inc ou comes o each. hese a icles posi collabo a ion as a mech-
anism o enhance he capabili ies o sMEs, he eby wa an ing hei ca ego iza ion wi hin his clus e .
consequen ly, he signi icance o his clus e in he discou se o sME collabo a ion lies in i s emphasis
on he undamen al aspec s o capabili ies pe aining o knowledge acquisi ion o ela ed p ocesses.
cohen and le in hal (1990) unde sco ed he necessi y o abso p i e capaci y, which encapsula es a
i m’s abili y o iden i y no el knowledge, in eg a e i wi h exis ing knowledge, and apply i o add ess
challenges. Boug ain and ha ude ille (2002) in oduced a concep e med ‘in e nal esea ch capabili y’.
Gi en he in icacy o he inno a ion p ocess and he equisi e collabo a ion wi h o he i ms, his a icle
Figu e 4. Co-ci a ion map o e e ences ci ed by sMe collabo a ion publica ions as he in ellec ual s uc u e o he ield.
14 . naBo a i E al.
sMEs managing oi wi hin hei ecosys ems ace challenges and equi e s a egies such as unde s and-
ing and aligning wi h he business models wi hin hei ecosys em and iden i ying linkages ha impac
inno a ion pe o mance (Mei e al., 2019; adziwon & Boge s, 2019). o os e inno a ion and imp o e
en i onmen al pe o mance, sMEs need o le e age indus ial symbiosis pa ne ships and ex e nal
esou ces and unde s and he ole o di e en ex e nal sou ces o knowledge in a ious ypes o inno-
a ions (le eb e e al., 2015; pa icio e al., 2018). collabo a ion is c ucial o sMEs in he de elopmen
o sma p oduc s, as single companies o en lack he necessa y knowledge and capabili ies (Kahle e al.,
2020). Engaging in collabo a i e manu ac u ing and mul i-pa ne alliances o e s s a egies and bene i s
o sMEs, including enhanced in e ope abili y and compliance wi h coope a i e exchange no ms (lin
e al., 2012; ho g en e al., 2012).
3.5. Co-occu ence analysis
o iden i y he main hemes in he li e a u e on sME collabo a ions, 776 a icles we e sc u inized o ally
he co-occu ence o keywo ds used by he au ho s. he ini ial collec ion o 7,537 keywo ds in he se
o publica ions included se e al a ia ions o he same keywo ds. hese we e consolida ed using a he-
sau us acco ding o he os iewe guidelines, esul ing in a 50% dec ease in he numbe o keywo ds
o 3,801.
wo addi ional il e s we e applied o u he s eamline he da a. Fi s , only hose keywo ds ha
appea ed a minimum o en imes we e chosen o highligh he mos pe inen opics and imp o e
concep ual cla i y. secondly, he e m ‘sME’ and i s a ious de i a i es, such as ‘small and medium-sized
en e p ises’, we e omi ed due o hei high equency o co-occu ence (371 imes).
ul ima ely, he inal se o 70 keywo ds was ca ego ized in o ou clus e s, as shown in Figu e 6 and
able 3.
he i s clus e o keywo ds indica es a ious collabo a ion o ms (such as oi, in e na ionaliza ion, and
coope i ion) and hei in luencing ac o s (such as us , abso p i e capaci y, and i m size) wi hin he
manu ac u ing and &D sec o s, pa icula ly in china and Eu ope. his clus e can be e med as ‘coope -
a ion modes’.
Figu e 6. Co-occu ence map o he mos - epea ed keywo ds.
coGEn BusinEss & ManaGEMEn 15
he subsequen clus e showcases echnologies pe inen o an ecosys em and i s managemen ( o
ins ance, en e p ise esou ce planning and in o ma ion and communica ion echnologies); hence, i is
e e ed o as ‘coope a i e echnologies’.
he hi d clus e , known as ‘decision-making ools o pa icipa ion’, encompasses keywo ds ela ed o
ools such as a i icial in elligence, decision suppo sys ems, and KM wi hin an indus y o supply chain.
he ou h clus e , e med ‘collabo a ion o compe i ion,’ aims o depic he collabo a ion o small
i ms using keywo ds such as ‘socie ies and ins i u ions’ and ‘uni e si y-indus y collabo a ion o compe e
in he ma ke h ough p oduc design and de elopmen .’
Finally, he i h clus e p ima ily ocuses on ‘sus ainable business de elopmen ,’ aiming o in e na-
ional ma ke s h ough coope a ion ia echnology ans e .
4. Discussion
By examining ecen ends in he esea ch opic, we ind in iguing esea ch gaps in each o hem. he
ollowing pa ag aphs sugges di ec ions o u u e esea ch based on each esea ch end.
4.1. Clus e 1
he p e ailing heme in he 1s clus e s udies is he inhe en ulne abili ies o sMEs ha necessi-
a e collabo a ion. his ulne abili y is ampli ied wi h a sus ainabili y app oach, unde sco ing he
impe a i e o collabo a ion among hese en e p ises. Gi en ha he u u e o supply chain collab-
o a ion is in e wined wi h he achie emen o hese goals, i is p oposed ha u u e esea ch
should explo e a ious ace s o sus ainabili y wi hin his ype o collabo a ion. his explo a ion
should encompass he necessa y esou ces ( hei cha ac e is ics, p io i iza ion, and s a egic alloca-
ion), di e se me hods o emb acing sus ainabili y- ela ed inno a ions (such as co po a e social
esponsibili y), he ole o echnology in ad ancing sus ainabili y objec i es, and he in ol emen
o non- adi ional s akeholde s (such as in e na ional labo unions and non-go e nmen al o ganiza-
ions) in such collabo a ions.
howe e , he li e a u e wi hin his clus e has no examined he po en ial o sMEs’ capabili ies as a
ounda ion o collabo a ion. he ocus has p ima ily been on egula ing sMEs’ ela ionships wi h majo
supply chain ac o s, wi h a en ion di ec ed owa ds he ups eam (supplie ) and downs eam (cus ome )
links o a i m (Zeng e al., 2010). an analysis o ela ionships om a supply ne wo k pe spec i e, as
opposed o a supply chain pe spec i e, is conspicuously absen in his body o wo k. adop ing a ela-
ional iew would p o ide a mo e dynamic unde s anding o in e - i m ela ionships, anscending dyadic
in e ac ions. such ela ionships could enhance he le el o knowledge accumula ion and i s dynamism
o a deg ee ha necessi a es a new le el o abso p i e capaci y and dynamic capabili ies. he low o
Table 3. Co-occu ence able o he mos epea ed keywo ds and clus e opics.
Clus e opic Keywo ds
Clus e i Collabo a ion modes inno a ion, Collabo a ions, Coope a ion, open inno a ion, ne wo ks,
in e na ionaliza ion, Coope i ion, Resea ch and de elopmen , inno a ion
pe o mance, us , abso p i e capaci y, in e - i m collabo a ion, Manu ac u ing,
Pe o mance, China, eu ope, Fi m size
Clus e ii Collabo a ion echnologies ecosys ems, in o ma ion echnology, indus y 4.0, indus ial esea ch, elec onic
comme ce, in o ma ion sys ems, in o ma ion and communica ion echnologies,
in o ma ion se ices, in o ma ion use, P ojec managemen , e-collabo a ion,
Communica ion, Digi al ans o ma ion, en e p ise esou ce planning
Clus e iii Decision-Making ools o Collabo a ion Collabo a i e ne wo k, Vi ual co po a ion, Knowledge managemen , Manu ac u e,
supply chains, supply chain managemen , Decision making, in o ma ion
managemen , supply chain collabo a ion, a i icial in elligence, seman ics, Case
s udy, Decision suppo sys ems, in e ope abili y
Clus e iV Compe i ion indus y, Compe i ion, indus ial managemen , Collabo a i e inno a ion, socie ies
and ins i u ions, enginee ing, P oduc de elopmen , s a egy, su eys,
Managemen , P oduc design, echnological inno a ion, uni e si y-indus y
collabo a ion
Clus e V sus ainable Business De elopmen Comme ce, sus ainable de elopmen , sus ainabili y, in e na ional coope a ion,
echnology ans e , a icle, economics, elec ic ene gy s o age, Comme cial
phenomena, en ep eneu ship, echnology
16 . naBo a i E al.
knowledge embodied in he oi model, along wi h he a o emen ioned capaci y and capabili y, unde -
sco es he equi emen o addi ional esea ch in u u e s udies.
4.2. Clus e 2
he &D collabo a ion clus e explo es he b ead h and dep h o collabo a ion, inno a i e objec i es and
hei in e connec edness and comp ehensi eness, p e equisi es o he inno a ion s a egy, abso p i e
capaci y o sMEs, and inno a ion managemen in challenging en i onmen s. he s udy o inno a ion
egions appea s o be a c ucial ocus o u u e esea ch. Gi en he pa h-dependen na u e o he inno-
a ion p ocess, i is impe a i e o examine i ac oss di e en ime pe iods, adop ing a longi udinal pe -
spec i e and u ilizing app op ia e da a. o enhance he gene alizabili y o s udies, u u e esea ch should
be conduc ed ac oss a b oade geog aphical a ea and wi h a la ge sample size.
he dominan concep s u ilized in hese s udies a e he B and ansac ion cos heo y ( c ). he
examina ion o inno a ion egions may elucida e whe he i is easible o expand B and c by con-
cep ualizing a i m as a ‘composi e indi idual’. Fu he mo e, he longi udinal s udy o inno a ion no only
aids in comp ehending he dynamics o ela ionships be ween pa ne s and he na u e o hei in e ac-
ions bu also enhances ou unde s anding o he applica ion o c wi hin hese ela ionships. his
me hodology also enables a mo e p ecise e alua ion o inno a ion pe o mance and i s en i onmen al
and socie al impac s. a de ailed e alua ion o he p o iles o uni e si ies o esea ch ins i u es, as opposed
o a b oad e e ence, can acili a e a nuanced assessmen o hei oles wi hin he pa ne ship, he eby
yielding a mo e p o ound unde s anding o he B .
4.3. Clus e 3
coope i ion, cha ac e ized by i s e ical and ho izon al dimensions, mani es s ac oss a ious collabo a i e
ne wo ks and can be p omo ed wi h he aid o ic . his clus e posi s ha coope i ion exe s a signi ican
in luence on a i m’s comp ehensi e pe o mance. as his e ec has p edominan ly been in es iga ed in
de eloped coun ies, i is ecommended ha u u e esea ch b oaden his scope. Fu u e s udies should
also iden i y o he in e nal and ex e nal ac o s, such as go e nmen suppo mechanisms, ha can in lu-
ence he pe o mance o sMEs in coope i ion. he ac ical app oaches employed in coope i ion ha e no
been iden i ied, no has hei e ec i eness in achie ing coope a ion goals been e alua ed. i is sugges ed
ha hese a eas be explo ed in u u e esea ch. addi ionally, i is ecommended ha u u e s udies ex ac
objec i e pe o mance c i e ia and implemen p obabili y sampling me hods. conduc ing a longi udinal
s udy will yield mo e obus s a is ical conclusions ega ding coope i ion pe o mance.
he heo ies u ilized in he a icles o his clus e a e he B and ins i u ional heo y. Focusing on
he iden i ica ion o coope i ion p ac ices and ac o s in luencing i has he po en ial o enhance ou
comp ehension o ins i u ional heo y and how i wo ks. Despi e e e ences o p oximi y wi hin one
a icle, he educ ion o he analysis uni o o mal ela ions a he i m le el does no acili a e he
de elopmen o his concep . i is sugges ed ha cogni i e science be u ilized o his pu pose. his
sugges ion may iden i y a new esou ce as a i m’s asse and u he ou unde s anding o B .
4.4. Clus e 4
his clus e o collabo a ion wi hin indus y 4.0 highligh s he g owing complexi y o knowledge and he
need o companies o de elop hei abso p i e capaci y and dynamic capabili ies o manage he com-
plexi y o new echnologies. his is pa icula ly ue as hey adop open business models o mee he
demands o indus y 4.0 in he ma ke . Fu u e esea ch should ocus on c ea ing a comp ehensi e ame-
wo k o indus y 4.0 adop ion a he sME le el, conside ing hei con ex and unique challenges. i ’s also
impo an o examine he applicabili y and gene alizabili y o he indus y 4.0 model wi hin he sME
ecosys em. addi ionally, esilience-building and o ganiza ional ambidex e i y o sMEs a e c ucial, as is
he po en ial in eg a ion o lean s a up p inciples in o indus y 4.0’s open business models. B oadening
he scope o esea ch o include a a ie y o business sec o s will p o ide deepe insigh s in o he e ec-
i eness o he indus y 4.0 model and suppo i s ongoing e olu ion.
coGEn BusinEss & ManaGEMEn 17
he schola ly discou se wi hin his clus e p edominan ly d aws upon wo heo e ical lenses: B and
Dynamic capabili y. hese amewo ks illumina e how companies equipped wi h indus y 4.0 echnology
can o i y hei ma ke posi ion—a compe i i e ad an age g ounded in B p inciples. By si ua ing his
pe spec i e wi hin he e ol ing landscape o indus y 4.0, esea che s can en ich i s heo e ical unde -
s anding. Fu he mo e, un a eling he equisi e capabili ies o e ec i e echnology exploi a ion will
deepen ou insigh s in o he unc ioning o dynamic capabili y wi hin his con ex .
4.5. Clus e 5
while he ela ionship be ween in e na ionaliza ion and inno a ion has been es ablished in clus e 5, i
is ecommended ha subsequen s udies b oaden he scope o coope a ion measu emen o include no
only de eloped bu also eme ging economies. addi ionally, a compa a i e analysis o high- ech e sus
low- ech expo e s wi hin a na ion is wa an ed. he a ainmen o success in in e na ional ma ke s is
con ingen upon sus aining a compe i i e edge, whe ein in e media ies like he cn play a pi o al ole.
he in luence o such in e media y en i ies on echnology ans e , including a i icial in elligence, wa -
an s in es iga ion in u u e esea ch endea o s.
he heo e ical unde pinnings o his clus e ’s s udies a e wo old: in e nally, hey d aw upon he B ,
and ex e nally, hey a e la gely in o med by social capi al and esou ce Dependency heo ies. Enhanced
comp ehension o new oles and speci ic g oups will elucida e co po a e ope a ions wi hin he in e na-
ional con ex , he eby en iching ou unde s anding o esou ce dependency heo y. Mo eo e , insigh s
in o he unc ioning o ambidex e i y in in e na ional collabo a ions will shed ligh on he dynamics
capabili ies in he global business en i onmen . s udying he manne in which social capi al acili a es
he p ocu emen o necessa y esou ces o success ul in e na ional en u es o e s a no el pe spec i e
on social capi al and B heo ies in he in e na ional domain.
4.6. Clus e 6
a ecu en heme ac oss hese s udies, which ha e engaged wi h he u iliza ion o oi in sMEs, is he
in e change o knowledge among sMEs and he esul an accumula ion o knowledge. howe e , he
mechanisms h ough which such exchanges con ibu e o sus ained knowledge accumula ion, o whe he
hey should be ega ded as an ad-hoc ac i i y, emain unexplo ed. addi ionally, he unc ion o in e medi-
a y en i ies such as loi wi hin he oi is acknowledged, ye he e is a call o u u e esea ch o sys ema -
ically sc u inize he e icacy o such i ms, including public ins i u ions and comme cially-d i en consul an s.
his app oach necessi a es an expansion in he co pus o oi esea ch o p o ide he equisi e da a.
Gi en he dis inc applica ion o oi in sMEs as opposed o lEs, hese s udies ha e he po en ial o
en ich ou comp ehension o he oi pa adigm’s dynamics wi hin sME collabo a ions, he in ol emen o
a ious agen s, and inbound and ou bound oi p ac ices. Fu he mo e, an in eg a i e app oach ha com-
bines he KM app oach wi h oi could yield deepe insigh s in o he me hodologies o knowledge ans-
e and accumula ion, as well as hei impac on a ious ypes o inno a ion.
5. Conclusion
5.1. Implica ions o esea ch
sMEs, which cons i u e he majo i y o ac i e business en i ies globally, possess he po en ial o add ess
signi ican challenges h ough collec i e e o s. o elucida e he na u e o collabo a ions in ol ing sMEs
ha ha e been in es iga ed by schola s, a bibliome ic analysis was unde aken. his e iew e ealed
ha schola ly inqui ies in o sME collabo a ions ha e p edominan ly ocused on six ends: supply chain,
&D, coope i ion, indus y 4.0, in e na ionaliza ion, and oi. hese domains ha e been concep ualized
h ough ou p incipal heo e ical lenses: ela ion, oi, capabili y, and pe o mance. Each hema ic clus e
ecei ed indi idualized sc u iny, culmina ing in p oposi ions o u u e esea ch ajec o ies.
in ecen yea s, a subs an ial co pus o esea ch has eme ged conce ning sME collabo a ion, necessi-
a ing a comp ehensi e e iew o ca ego ize his expanding knowledge domain. his e iew en ailed he
18 . naBo a i E al.
ex ac ion o he quan i y and g ow h a e o ex an s udies, alongside he iden i ica ion o pi o al
esea ch hemes and ci ed heo e ical cons uc s. p esen ly, we possess a heo e ical unde s anding o
he o emos ypes o collabo a ion and hei ounda ional a ionales, enabling esea che s o ailo u u e
inqui ies o he iden i ied gaps wi hin his body o wo k. he o wa d-looking sugges ions p esen ed by
his a icle, a e in ended o enhance he heo e ical ounda ions o collabo a i e en u es, in i e esea ch-
e s o ecalib a e exis ing sME-cen ic heo ies, o de elop new concep ual models in alignmen wi h
p og essions in cogni i e science and a i icial in elligence. Mo eo e , he e is a call o an escala ion in
empi ical s udies aimed a ga he ing da a o elabo a e and pe ec he heo e ical s uc u es unde
conside a ion.
5.2. Implica ions o business owne s
his schola ly inqui y p o ides a de ailed exposi ion o he collabo a i e amewo ks among sMEs as
in es iga ed in academic li e a u e. he me hodologies delinea ed wi hin he espec i e a icles o each
hema ic clus e may be di ec ly implemen ed by owne s o se e as a ounda ion upon which o de ise
s a egies ailo ed o hei speci ic ope a ional, economic, social, and en i onmen al con ex s.
owne s o sMEs ope a ing wi hin supply chains, upon consul ing he indings o clus e 1, can iden i y
he undamen al elemen s necessa y o e ec i e ope a ions and pinpoin po en ial pa ne s o
inno a ion-cen ic collabo a ions. he domain o &D, as ou lined in clus e 2, enables business owne s
o highligh he c i ical pe o mance me ics ha should be moni o ed closely in collabo a ions. insigh s
om clus e 3 ad oca e o s a egic engagemen wi h compe i o s, sugges ing ha such in e ac ions a e
no only ad an ageous bu also impe a i e. clus e 4 unde sco es he signi icance o in ica e knowledge
in collabo a ions ha in ol e eme gen echnologies. clus e 5 e eals ha del ing in o in e na ional
ma ke s p esen s a b oad and challenging a ena ha challenges hei explo a i e skills and social capi al.
las ly, clus e 6 highligh s he inhe en obs acles associa ed wi h he adop ion o oi p inciples wi hin he
con ines o smalle -scale en e p ises.
5.3. Implica ions o policymake s
collabo a i e engagemen is ecognized as a s a egic impe a i e o sMEs, wi h i s e icacy in achie -
ing o ganiza ional objec i es a i med by ex ensi e academic esea ch. policymake s a e posi ioned o
app aise sMEs o go e nmen al unding eligibili y p edica ed on hei collabo a i e me hodologies.
his e alua i e p ocess is conside ed one o he mos po en policy ins umen s, as endo sed by
expe s (leckel e al., 2020). sMEs demons a ing geog aphic p oximi y o en show a endency owa ds
local collabo a ions. his inclina ion, ein o ced by a i ma i e esea ch ou comes, can in o m policy-
make s in pinpoin ing bo h exis ing and po en ial egions o ha ness hese bene i s op imally.
acknowledging he ins umen al ole o in e media y en i ies, consul ing i ms, and bo h go e nmen-
al and academic ins i u ions in os e ing coope a i e syne gies, policymake s ha e he oppo uni y o
lay he g oundwo k o he p oli e a ion o such en i ies. addi ionally, hey may incen i ize hese bodies
o o ge collabo a i e ies wi h sMEs. he s udy’s e ela ions indica e ha unique egula o y amewo ks
suppo each ype o collabo a ion, compelling policymake s o inco po a e hese academic insigh s in o
he de elopmen o ele an laws and guidelines. should a gap be iden i ied, i could be p oposed as
an i em o u u e esea ch by academic o o he esea ch bodies.
Acknowledgemen
we ex end ou app ecia ion o he academic communi y o hei con ibu ion o ou unde s anding o he subjec
ma e . his wo k was comple ed wi hou di ec ex e nal assis ance bu bene i ed om he collec i e knowledge
a ailable in he ield.
Au ho con ibu ions
eza nabo a i, Moj aba hosseini, and Mohammadmehdi Ghanaa i co-au ho ed his pape . hey we e in ol ed in he
concep ion and design, as well as he analysis and in e p e a ion o he da a. hey d a ed he pape and e ised i
coGEn BusinEss & ManaGEMEn 19
c i ically o in ellec ual con en . hey ga e hei inal app o al o he e sion o be published and ag eed o be
accoun able o all aspec s o he wo k.
Decla a ion o in e es s a emen
no po en ial con lic o in e es was epo ed by he au ho s.
Da a a ailabili y
Da a sha ing is no applicable o his a icle, as no new da a we e c ea ed o analyzed in his s udy.
Funding
no unding was ecei ed.
Abou he au ho s
Reza Nabo a i ea ned his Bachelo o elecommunica ion Enginee ing om he scien i ic-applied Facul y o pos and
elecommunica ions in 2004 and his MBa om linköping uni e si y (liu) in 2018. his esea ch in e es s encompass
he s udy o inno a ion and collabo a ion wi hin a ious ne wo ks and ecosys ems, pa icula ly emphasizing he ole
o small and medium-sized en e p ises.
Moj aba Hosseini, senio lec u e in indus ial Economics a Blekinge ins i u e o echnology (B h) since sep embe
2021, ea ned a ph.D. in Economics specializing in in e na ional en ep eneu ship om linköping uni e si y (liu) in
2016. he eaches cou ses on inno a ion, en ep eneu ship, and p ojec managemen , and con ibu es o esea ch in
he iEK depa men , B h. his esea ch ocuses on i m-le el en ep eneu ship, business ne wo ks, and he in e na-
ionaliza ion o sMEs. p io o B h, he augh and conduc ed esea ch a liu, ad ising MBa s uden s and s udying
he in e na ionaliza ion o sMEs in he wood indus y.
Mohammadmehdi Ghanaa i is a phD s uden in indus ial Economics a Blekinge ins i u e o echnology (B h) since
Feb ua y 2023, ocusing on he digi al en ep eneu ship ecosys em. he holds an MBa om linköping uni e si y
(2018) and a Mas e ’s deg ee in indus ial Managemen om iau (2005). he also has expe ience eaching manage-
men subjec s, such as ope a ions esea ch, en ep eneu ship, and economics.
ORCID
eza nabo a i h p://o cid.o g/0000-0001-6804-2053
Moj aba hosseini h p://o cid.o g/0000-0003-4547-8406
Mohammadmehdi Ghanaa i h p://o cid.o g/0009-0005-8777-378X
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