Ni sch, Ve ena; Rick, Ve a; Kluge, Anne e; Wilkens, U a
A icle — Published Ve sion
Human-cen e ed app oaches o AI-assis ed wo k: he
u u e o wo k?
Zei sch i ü A bei swissenscha
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Sp inge Na u e
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Ni sch, Ve ena; Rick, Ve a; Kluge, Anne e; Wilkens, U a (2024) : Human-cen e ed
app oaches o AI-assis ed wo k: he u u e o wo k?, Zei sch i ü A bei swissenscha , ISSN
2366-4681, Sp inge , Be lin, Heidelbe g, Vol. 78, Iss. 3, pp. 261-267,
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EDITORIAL
h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/s41449-024-00437-2
Zei sch i ü A bei swissenscha (2024) 78:261–267
Human-cen e ed app oaches o AI-assis ed wo k: he u u e o wo k?
Ve ena Ni sch1·Ve aRick
1· Anne e Kluge2·U aWilkens
3
Accep ed: 7 Augus 2024 / Published online: 12 Sep embe 2024
© The Au ho (s) 2024
The speed and momen um a which AI-based applica ions
cu en ly p oli e a e a e ema kable and, in many ways, un-
expec ed. Whils AI is by no means a new concep , e en
many AI expe s we e su p ised by he apid p og ess o
gene a i e AI, he mos p ominen example o which is
Cha GPT (Dwi edi e al. 2023). Single-pu pose AI appli-
ca ions ( o u he dis inc ion see Fische 2022)a ealso
inc easingly in eg a ed in a wide ange o wo k low ope -
a ions in many indus ies such as manu ac u ing, logis ics,
heal hca e o cons uc ion, o men ion jus a ew ypical
ields (e.g. Lee and Yoon 2021; Pla ho am e al. 2023).
In he con ex o Indus y 4.0, AI applica ions a e p e-
dominan ly used o add ess au oma ion, p ocess op imiza-
ion, and e iciency goals, in an e o o add ess he de-
mands o global hype -compe i ion (Pozzi e al. 2023). In-
dus ial policies u he encou age le e aging his au oma-
ion po en ial o AI in eg a ion. Whils AI-d i en au oma-
ion does no necessa ily esul in de imen al wo king con-
di ions such as ask agmen a ion and wo k in ensi ica-
ion, i does so equen ly. To mi iga e ad e se side e ec s,
a human-cen e ed app oach o AI-based wo k is equen ly
ad oca ed ha emphasizes employee pa icipa ion and hu-
man well-being while s eamlining p ocesses (e.g. Huchle
2022; Kadi and B obe g 2021; Haipe e e al. 2024).
Howe e , as Pa ke e al. (2017) ha e poin ed ou , we
need o ex end he humaniza ion o wo k deba e o new
scena ios o AI-based wo k. The po en ial o AI goes be-
yond he a ionaliza ion o p ocesses. I is also a ibu ed as
P o . D .-Ing. Ve ena Ni sch
.ni sch@iaw. w h-aachen.de
1Ins i u ü A bei swissenscha , RWTH Aachen,
Eil scho ns eins . 18, 52062 Aachen, Ge many
2Leh s uhl A bei s-, O ganisa ions- und
Wi scha spsychologie, Ruh -Uni e si ä Bochum,
Uni e si ä ss . 150, 44780 Bochum, Ge many
3Ins i u ü A bei swissenscha , Leh s uhl A bei ,
Pe sonal und Füh ung, Ruh -Uni e si ä Bochum,
Uni e si ä ss . 150, 44801 Bochum, Ge many
a ool, medium o e en collabo a o (An hony e al. 2023) o
enhance accu acy, quali y and c ea i i y, o gene a e be e
ou comes and solu ions o cus ome s, clien s and pa ien s,
o o es ablish new business models and s a egies (E iks-
son e al. 2020), while u he de eloping he job oles o
employees (Wilkens e al. in p ess; Galsgaa d e al. 2022;
Langhol e al. 2024) o os e ing new human-AI eam se -
ings (Kluge e al. 2021; Be e a e al. 2023; Hagemann
e al. 2023). Ano he ision ha goes beyond e iciency
needs and aims o elabo a e on a mo e sus ainable, esilien
and human-cen e ed way o doing business and designing
jobs has become known as Indus y 5.0 (Eu opean Com-
mission 2021;Lenge al.2022). Rela ed e hical challenges
a e add essed in he con ex o so wa e de elopmen (Mi -
els ad e al. 2016), AI supply chain (Widde and Na us
2023) bu also wi h espec o he e hical pu poses and
mo al s anda ds o hose s akeholde s who make decisions
on AI implemen a ion (Ayling and Chapman 2022; Wilkens
e al. 2023).
Wo k science o e s impo an con ibu ions o his on-
going deba e, as i encompasses an imp essi e in e disci-
plina y body o esea ch ocused on in eg a ing human-
cen e ed pe spec i es in o echnological inno a ion wi hin
he wo kplace (G an e al. 2011;Pa ke e al.2017). Gi en
he e ol ing ole o AI in business and socie y—whe he
h ough he p ocess-o ien ed lens o Indus y 4.0 o he pu -
pose-d i en ision o Indus y 5.0— his esea ch is essen-
ial o shaping he u u e, and i is con inuously e ol ing.
A ecen Resea ch Topic in he Jou nal F on ie s in A i-
icial In elligence: AI in Business on “Human-Cen ed AI
a Wo k: Common G ound in Theo ies and Me hods” ad-
d essed he challenge o iden i ying commonali ies and ana-
lyzing di e ences o di e en app oaches. This Z A Special
Issue ocuses speci ically on ecen Ge man ad ancemen s
in esea ch on human-cen e ed app oaches o AI-assis ed
wo k, p esen ing wo complemen a y esea ch di ec ions:
1. Shi ing he job design pa adigm: This esea ch in es-
iga es how o balance co po a e p oduc i i y needs wi h
employee job demands and well-being om a socio ech-
K
262 Zei sch i ü A bei swissenscha (2024) 78:261–267
nical sys ems pe spec i e, seeking inno a i e solu ions
o job design in he con ex o AI.
2. Expanding he scope o human-cen e ed wo k design:
This esea ch eexamines he scope o human-cen e ed
AI a wo k, ex ending beyond ope a ional employees o
include e hical conside a ions om a mul i-s akeholde
pe spec i e. I add esses he oles and esponsibili ies o
analys s, so wa e de elope s, and manage s, ocusing on
accoun abili y and e hical implica ions.
In he ollowing, hese esea ch di ec ions will be b ie ly
elabo a ed, ollowed by an o e iew o he a icles included
in his Special Issue and a discussion o u u e esea ch
oppo uni ies.
1 Shi ing he pa adigm: T ansi ioning
human-cen e ed job design om pas o
u u e
His o ically, human-cen e ed design (HCD) ypically e-
e ed o he design p ocess i sel a he han a human-
iendly ou come and was p edominan ly used in he con-
ex o echnology de elopmen . In hei seminal publica-
ion, Gould and Lewis (1985) desc ibed h ee key p inciples
o he human-cen e ed ( echnology) design p ocess: 1. ea ly
ocus on he use , 2. empi ical measu emen [o he in e -
ac ion wi h he echnology], 3. i e a ion in o med by da a
om use s. This emphasis on “use ” pa icipa ion has also
been e lec ed in he o en-ci ed ISO 9241-210:2019 and
ep esen ed in an h opocen ic app oaches o “good wo k”
design (e.g. Luczak 1992).
As companies na iga e he e ol ing landscape o global
ma ke compe i ion and echnological ad ancemen s, he
ansi ion om adi ional o o wa d- hinking human-cen-
e ed job design becomes c ucial. In ense global ma ke
compe i ion and he immense p essu e on companies o
apidly adap and le e age new echnologies d i e he need
o enhanced e iciency. Mode n AI sys ems o e signi -
ican oppo uni ies o au oma ion and po en ially educ-
ing labo cos s ac oss a ious domains— om s anda dized
asks o mo e c ea i e ac i i ies like w i ing, isualizing,
o composing. This p oduc i i y boos mus be iewed in
he con ex o socie al challenges, such as he demog aphic
shi s occu ing in aging socie ies like Ge many, which ex-
ace ba e labo sho ages ac oss nume ous indus ies, ex-
ending beyond jus skilled wo ke s (e.g. Ahle s and Quispe
Villalobos 2022). Concu en ly, wo ke s a e inc easingly
ad oca ing o educed wo king hou s, less shi wo k, and
g ea e lexibili y, including emo e wo k op ions, all while
main aining high le els o compensa ion (O e 2024). O -
e ing possible solu ions o hese demands o companies
and employees, human-cen e ed AI applica ions a e be-
ing explo ed o de elop new socio echnical sys em designs
ha balance co po a e p oduc i i y needs wi h employee
demands. Fo example, AI can be used in e gonomic ex-
oskele ons o elie e people du ing physically demanding
asks. In use - iendly decision suppo sys ems, i can p e-
en in o ma ion o e load. Wi h gami ica ion app oaches
ha a e designed o p omo e lea ning, AI can help building
aluable skills. As such, AI sys ems can play a pi o al ole
in os e ing social sus ainabili y, i.e., p omo ing long- e m
employabili y and empowe men o wo ke s, especially in
egions and sec o s ha ace s uc u al challenges.
Despi e he conside able po en ial o mode n AI sys-
ems o p omo ing humane wo king condi ions, many o
he cu en ly popula use cases (e.g., au oma ed moni o ing
in pick-by-ligh sys ems, “bosswa e” o assess p oduc i -
i y me ics o home o ice wo k, algo i hmic managemen
o o de picking) a e eminiscen o he e a o Taylo ism
and Fo dism, in which people had li le decision-making
au onomy and we e inc easingly asked wi h esidual, ag-
men ed ac i i ies ha could no be au oma ed—un il hey
could. As such, he e is o en a high le el o unce ain y
among employees and union ep esen a i es when dealing
wi h AI applica ions as well as conce ns abou job loss
and disempowe men h ough AI sys ems. Hence, in he AI
age, i emains i ally impo an o consis en ly conside
he ole o he a ec ed wo ke s in he de elopmen , es -
ing and in oduc ion o new echnologies in companies. In
o he wo ds: we will need o inc ease e o s o p omo e
he shi om he s ill p edominan echnology-cen e ed o
a human-cen e ed job design pa adigm.
Whils HCD is o en used wi h he in en ion o p o-
mo e human- iendly echnology and job condi ions, hu-
mane wo k is no ine i ably an ou come o pa icipa i e
HCD p ocesses. As Mü ze-Niewöhne and Ni sch (2020)
and o he s ha e a gued in he con ex o mode n echnol-
ogy deploymen , due o he di e se in e ela ionships be-
ween he echnology used and he classic ields o wo k
o ganiza ion, a numbe o dimensions—bo h a he com-
pany le el (such as occupa ional sa e y and da a p o ec ion)
and a he le el o he indi idual (such as in e ac ion con-
di ions, lea ning and de elopmen oppo uni ies)—mus be
included in he job design p ocess. As such, i equi es con-
side able expe ise o ake he complex in e ac ions wi hin
and be ween di e en wo k sys ems in o accoun in o de o
de e mine he ex en o which an AI- ela ed job design mea-
su e p omo es condi ions ha add ess human-o ien ed job
design c i e ia well. Mo eo e , in o de o add ess sus ain-
abili y and e hical conside a ions, mo e expansi e mul i-
s akeholde app oaches a e needed.
K
Zei sch i ü A bei swissenscha (2024) 78:261–267 263
2 Expanding he scope: A mul i-s akeholde
app oach o human-cen e ed AI-assis ed
wo k
In he human-cen e ed design o u u e AI-assis ed wo k,
a mul i-s akeholde pe spec i e is c ucial o ensu ing ha
AI applica ions align wi h b oade sus ainabili y and e hical
goals. Human-cen ici y is—in ha monized in e play wi h
sus ainabili y and esilience—one o he h ee co e cha -
ac e is ics o he Indus y 5.0 ision s a emen desc ibing
a u u e socie y, in which he po en ial o AI is exploi ed
o pu poses in line wi h he sus ainable de elopmen goals
(SDG) o he Uni ed Na ions (Eu opean Commission 2021;
Leng e al. 2022). The e is he o e all idea ha echnology
inno a ion and in as uc u e se e ou socie ies in e ms
o a ca bon- ee, heal hy and inclusi e en i onmen , e-
sponsible consump ion and p oduc ion, equal igh s o all
pa icipan s, decen wo k and good li e, whe e sys ems a e
eliable and esilien in o de o p o ec and inspi e human
li e.
A human-cen e ed app oach o AI (Shneide man 2022)
hus depends on he pu poses and mo al in eg i y o hose
who a e esponsible o decision-making (Ayling and Chap-
man 2022). Some go e nmen s and o he p oponen s o
human-cen e ed AI hus ocus on b oad e hical p inciples
(e.g., he Beijing AI p inciples s a e i should s i e o “do
good”) and AI p ope ies such as anspa ency, p i acy and
secu i y (Bingley e al. 2023). Applied e hics gi es a en-
ion o all s akeholde s along he AI de elopmen supply
chain, he C-le el and line manage s as well as analys s,
change agen s, employee ep esen a i es o ope a o s on he
shop loo (Goodpas e 1991; Deshpande and Sha p 2022;
Widde and Na us 2023; Wilkens e al. 2023)as he ea e
many e hical challenges di ec ly ela ed o he echnology-
inco po a ed biases (Mi els ad e al. 2016), a he c i i-
cal in e ace be ween sys ems whe e accoun abili y is o en
disloca ed (Widde and Na us 2023) bu also on he le el o
indi idual beha io (Ayling and Chapman 2022). In ecen
yea s, he numbe o na ional and in e na ional esea ch ini-
ia i es ha ake such human-cen e ed app oaches o AI in
he con ex o wo k has isen conside ably. This Special
Issue aims o highligh di e ences and commonali ies in
egional app oaches o AI-assis ed wo k.
3 Regional e o s o ad ance he human-
cen e ed AI agenda
To add ess egion-speci ic AI- ela ed challenges and os-
e oppo uni ies in he con ex o wo k, he Ge man Fed-
e al Minis y o Educa ion and Resea ch (BMBF) has ini-
ia ed in 2020 he es ablishmen o he i s Regional Com-
pe ence Cen e s o Wo k- ela ed Resea ch (Ge man: Re-
gionale Kompe enzzen en de A bei s o schung). In acco -
dance wi h he UN Sus ainable De elopmen Goals (SDG)
and he Eu opean Commission’s push o an Indus y 5.0,
hese Regional Compe ence Cen e s se a human-cen e ed
agenda o os e decen wo k by c ea ing wo king condi-
ions in which AI suppo s and complemen s wo ke s, a he
han eplacing o con olling hem.
This Special Issue p esen s some o he esea ch e o s
o hese compe ence cen e s and highligh s hei app oaches
and con ibu ions o human-cen e ed AI a wo k. To o e
some o ien a ion o he eade be o e del ing in o he sub-
sequen esea ch accoun s, he i s a icle o his issue by
B aun p o ides backg ound in o ma ion and an o e iew
o he Regional Compe ence Cen e s om he pe spec i e
o he me a p ojec CoCo. The ollowing a icles p ima -
ily con ibu e o he i s o he esea ch di ec ions ou lined
abo e, shi ing he job design pa adigm in he con ex o AI-
assis ed wo k, bu se e al also ea u e a b oade pe spec i e
on e hical c i e ia and in ol ed mul i-s akeholde s.
3.1 A icles elabo a ing on he shi o he job
design pa adigm o AI-assis ed wo k
La os e al. explo e in hei a icle om he pe spec i e
o he compe ence cen e A bei swel .Plus he in eg a ion
o a i icial in elligence (AI) in o pe sonnel planning o en-
hance ime au onomy in manu ac u ing en i onmen s. Thei
li e a u e e iew assessed cu en AI applica ions in pe -
sonnel scheduling and iden i ied gaps in hei abili y o ad-
d ess human-o ien ed c i e ia such as indi idualized p e -
e ences and lexible wo king hou s. To add ess hese de-
iciencies, he au ho s p opose a new wo-s age planning
model ha combines con en ional ope a ions esea ch wi h
AI me hodologies. I emphasizes a pa icipa o y app oach
o shi planning in an e o o p omo e bo h employee sa -
is ac ion as well as o ganiza ional e iciency. By e alua ing
AI and op imiza ion me hods agains a numbe o human-
and o ganiza ion-o ien ed c i e ia, he au ho s aim o c ea e
a mo e balanced wo k sys em ha in eg a es echnological
ad ancemen s wi h he social needs o employees.
In elligen shi planning is also a opic pu sued in he
compe ence cen e KARL. As Baeh und El-Haji explain,
AI in he wo kplace can open new ho izons o imp o ing
o ganiza ional jus ice. In his con ex , he au ho s p opose
an algo i hmic app oach ha ocuses on quan i ying ask
wo kload as a basis o ai ask dis ibu ion. In hei de-
elopmen p ocess, he au ho s we e me wi h nume ous
challenges, no he leas o which was he complexi y o
eal-wo ld cons ain s. No de e ed by hese challenges,
hey conclude “a wo kplace cha ac e ized by ai ness, e -
iciency, and high employee mo ale emains a compelling
ision wo h pu suing”.
K
264 Zei sch i ü A bei swissenscha (2024) 78:261–267
In ano he a icle om KARL, Baumga ne e al. ake
a di e en app oach o human-cen e ed AI as hey explo e
he in eg a ion o AI echnologies in o line a el coun-
selling o enhance pe sonal in e ac ions, a ask which used
o be a co e s eng h o adi ional a el agencies. In hei
esea ch, hey applied HCD p inciples o unde s and he
needs and pe spec i es o a el counsello s ega ding AI-
assis ed sys ems. Th ough me hods like pa icipan obse -
a ion and semi-s uc u ed in e iews, i was ound ha he
a el counsello s we e gene ally open o AI inno a ions
bu also had conce ns abou po en ial de alua ion o hei
oles. By in ol ing s akeholde s in he AI de elopmen p o-
cess and ocusing on imp o ing wo k condi ions while p e-
se ing he quali y o pe sonal in e ac ions, he p esen ed
human-cen e ed app oach aims o c ea e AI solu ions ha
suppo a he han eplace human agen s, in an e o o
ensu e ha echnological ad ancemen s align wi h human
alues and p o essional in eg i y.
In o de o gain a deepe unde s anding o he impac
o AI on he indi idual in he wo kplace, Rick e al. om
AKzen E4.0 conduc ed a ques ionnai e-based s udy o ex-
amine he di e ences in he pe cep ion o wo k engagemen
be ween hose who u ilize AI sys ems and hose who do no .
The concep o wo k engagemen desc ibes employees who
expe ience a posi i e, wo k- ela ed s a e o ul ilmen , cha -
ac e ized by igo , dedica ion, and abso p ion. As such, he
concep o wo k engagemen is o conside able impo ance
in o ganiza ional con ex s, as i a ec s he success o bo h
employees and he o ganiza ion as a whole. The p esen ed
esul s sugges ha while ce ain aspec s o human-cen e ed
job design a e equally impo an o AI use s and non-use s
in e ms o p omo ing wo k engagemen , he ole o supe -
iso y suppo eme ged as a pi o al ac o in he con ex o
AI-assis ed wo k. The au ho s posi ha one eason o his
may be he changing ole o supe ision and he asks o
supe iso s in he con ex o AI-suppo ed wo k. Fu he -
mo e, hey poin ou ha o AI sys ems o be e ec i e in
he wo kplace, ca e should be aken o ensu e ha hey do
no eplace, bu a he p omo e meaning ul wo k asks.
Al epos e al. om WIRKsam aim o iden i y and im-
p o e o ganiza ional condi ions in companies ha a e con-
duci e o he success ul in oduc ion o AI echnologies in
he wo kplace. Using a mixed-me hod design, he au ho s
examined a ious ac o s ha a e conside ed c ucial o e -
ec i e AI in eg a ion, including echnology accep ance, ac-
cess o IT in as uc u e, wo k o ce s uc u e, o ganiza ional
cul u e and pa icipa o y p ac ices. In an in e es ing wis
o adi ional mixed-me hod esea ch, hey compa ed e-
sea che s’ assessmen s wi h hose o employees, which un-
co e ed some commonali ies bu also elling disc epancies:
Common o he assessmen s we e he desi e o in ol e-
men in AI de elopmen and he decision-making p ocess.
In e es ingly, esea che s es ima ed he echnology a ini y
o employees o be g ea e and heal h conce ns o be lowe
han he employees hemsel es. Thus, he indings high-
ligh ye again he impo ance o pa icipa o y app oaches
o echnology deploymen ha in ol e he a ec ed wo ke s.
3.2 A icles expanding he scope o a mul i-
s akeholde app oach o human-cen e ed AI-
assis ed wo k
Fu he insigh s om KARL emphasize e hical issues su -
ounding he use o AI a wo k. The human-cen e ed ap-
p oach o AI ou lined by K ings und F ey aims p ima ily
a embedding e hical e lec ion and s akeholde pa icipa-
ion in o he AI de elopmen and implemen a ion p ocess.
The a icle explici ly emphasizes he impo ance o e hical
e lec ion on no ms such as ai ness, social sus ainabili y
and he c ea ion o meaning ul wo k, o in o m human-
cen e ed app oaches o AI-assis ed wo k. The e hical e-
lec ion ad oca ed by K ings und F ey aims o ensu e ha
echnological ad ancemen s enhance a he han unde mine
he quali y o wo k li e, balancing au oma ion bene i s wi h
he p ese a ion o human agency and digni y.
In con as , F ied ich e al. om KMI p esen a p ac i-
cal app oach o human-cen e ed AI based on Design Sci-
ence Resea ch. They de ine and in ol e s akeholde s om
en small and medium en e p ises (SME) in a se ies o
wo kshops in which AI solu ions a e co-c ea ed in an agile
manne wi h i e a i e cycles o planning, implemen a ion,
execu ion and e iews. The a icle ocuses on h ee SME
which aim o implemen AI-suppo o a ious planning
asks. Whils pa icipa ion is also a cen al ene o his ap-
p oach, employees’ in ol emen began in la e s ages o he
AI planning p ocess and only i hey we e di ec ly a ec ed
by he solu ion. Based on hei expe iences, he au ho s gi e
di ec ions o AI designe s and de elope s who wish o ake
a human-cen e ed design app oach o he de elopmen o
AI ools.
Finally, Langhol und Wilkens om he compe ence cen-
e HUMAINE p esen a me hodological app oach (cla i-
ying AI Augmen ed indi idual oles—clAI ) o an icipa e
ole de elopmen du ing he p ocess o echnology imple-
men a ion. Re e ing o a mul i-s akeholde pe spec i e, he
au ho s illus a e how ole cla i y can be achie ed in he in-
e ac ion wi h AI when job p o iles shi and how ole de el-
opmen also includes collabo a ion wi h o he depa men s
and goal-o ien ed ex e nal communica ion wi h cus ome s.
The me hod based on a pa icipa o y design including all
ele an s akeholde s esul s in six basic oles ha a e oo ed
in ole heo y in e ms o ole iden i y, ole inno a ion and
ole cla i y.
K
Zei sch i ü A bei swissenscha (2024) 78:261–267 265
4 Human-cen e ed app oaches o AI-based
wo k in Ge many’s Regional Compe ence
Cen e s: Is he e common g ound?
In ligh o he apid echnological ad ances in AI, one
migh a gue ha he need o human-cen e ed app oaches
o AI-based wo k is g ea e han e e be o e—no jus o
coun e ac nega i e e ec s o echnology-d i en wo kplace
changes, bu o seize he oppo uni y o ha ness he po-
en ial o hese echnologies o bene i wo ke s as well as
employe s and socie y a la ge.
The a icles in his Special Issue highligh ing cu en e-
sea ch e o s o he Regional Compe ence Cen e s e lec
he in e na ional esea ch landscape on human-cen e ed ap-
p oaches o AI in many ways. Whils he Regional Compe-
ence Cen e s we e c ea ed o add ess egional challenges
and suppo key economic playe s in hei espec i e e-
gions, he e is much common g ound. They collec i ely
highligh he mul i ace ed impac o AI on he wo kplace,
emphasizing ha success ul AI in eg a ion equi es a ca e-
ul blend o echnological inno a ion and human-cen ic
conside a ions. By inco po a ing pa icipa o y app oaches
and e hical e lec ions, he s udies aim o ensu e ha AI
se es o enhance, a he han unde mine, human oles and
o ganiza ional dynamics. Finally, he a ie y in ocus a eas
and me hodological app oaches e lec s he di e se appli-
ca ions and challenges o AI ac oss di e en wo k en i on-
men s, highligh ing he need o ailo ed s a egies ha con-
side speci ic o ganiza ional con ex s and employee needs.
On he o he hand, he e is also commonali y in ha
which is no iceably lacking. Fo example, well es ablished
usabili y and UX enginee ing p inciples and guidelines a e
a ely in es iga ed in esea ch on he de elopmen o AI
sys ems ha speci ically aim o suppo wo ke s. Fu he -
mo e, whils HCD o AI sys ems seems likely o cons i u e
a necessa y p e equisi e o he humane design o wo k
sys ems in ol ing AI, i is by no means su icien . Hence,
i is impo an ha esea ch e o s o de e mine key ac-
o s a he indi idual, g oup and o ganiza ional le el ha
con ibu e owa ds p oduc i i y, psychological and physi-
cal heal h as well as pe sonal de elopmen when wo king
wi h AI sys ems con inue and in ensi y. Wha is pa icu-
la ly needed in his ega d a e mo e sys ema ic ield s udy-
based e alua ions o AI-suppo ed wo k ega ding es ab-
lished c i e ia o humane wo k design which ob ain and ag-
g ega e gene alizable insigh s ha can be applied by o gani-
za ions, in pa icula SME ha o en imes lack he equi ed
esou ces and expe ise o ansla e scien i ic insigh in o
ac ionable guidelines. E en a e a e longi udinal s udies
on he e ec s o gene a i e AI sys ems which a e expec ed
o ans o m wo k in adical ways, especially in knowledge
in ensi e wo k domains.
As such, we a e le o ponde many ques ions ha de-
mand answe s which wo k scien is s a e ideally sui ed o
deli e : Unde which condi ions is AI au oma ion a iable
solu ion o labo sho ages? Can “AI o e assis ance” com-
pound labo sho ages in he long- e m, when new employ-
ees no longe de elop expe skills h ough hei own ex-
pe ience? How can AI sys ems help o educe he isk o
de eloping men al and physical illness a wo k? How can
we a oid de alua ion o human labo ? How can we u i-
lize AI o mo e equali y, in eg a ion and inclusion a he
wo kplace? In which ways do o ganiza ional app oaches
o leade ship and pe sonnel de elopmen need o change?
Conside ing he highly dynamic echnological de elopmen
o AI applica ions in i s jux aposi ion wi h he compa a-
i ely slow p ocesses o igo ous esea ch and e en slowe
mechanisms o public esea ch unding, he challenge o
p o iding eliable, e idence-based ad ice o companies, so-
cial pa ne s and poli ical ac o s is only likely o g ow o
wo k scien is s. Some o he names who da e o ackle his
challenge a e ound in his Special Issue. Many mo e wo k
on i in he Regional Compe ence Cen e s and a ound he
globe, in an e o o shape wo k wi h AI o humans.
Acknowledgemen s This esea ch and de elopmen p ojec is unded
by he Ge man Fede al Minis y o Educa ion and Resea ch (BMBF)
unde he unding measu e “Fu u e o Wo k: Regional Compe ence
Cen e s o Labo Resea ch. Designing new o ms o wo k h ough a i-
icial in elligence” in he p og am “Inno a ions o omo ow’s p oduc-
ion, se ices and wo k” ( unding codes: 02L19C400 & 02L19C200)
and supe ised by he P ojec Managemen Agency Ka ls uhe (PTKA).
Funding Open Access unding enabled and o ganized by P ojek
DEAL.
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