C is ache, Nicole a e al.
A icle
The in luence o poli ical, social, and economic ac o s
on he accep ance o echnology in he wo kplace in he
con ex o indus ial e olu ion 4.0
Am i ea u Economic
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
The Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies
Sugges ed Ci a ion: C is ache, Nicole a e al. (2025) : The in luence o poli ical, social, and economic
ac o s on he accep ance o echnology in he wo kplace in he con ex o indus ial e olu ion 4.0,
Am i ea u Economic, ISSN 2247-9104, The Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies, Bucha es ,
Vol. 27, Iss. 68, pp. 76-92,
h ps://doi.o g/10.24818/EA/2025/68/76
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AE
The In luence o Poli ical, Social, and Economic Fac o s on he Accep ance
o Technology in he Wo kplace in he Con ex o Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0
76 Am i ea u Economic
THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS
ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORKPLACE
IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
Nicole a C is ache1, Nicole a Valen ina Flo ea2, Ma ian Năs ase3,
Gab iel C oi o u4, Cos inela Fo ea5 and Manuela-Viole a Tu ea ca6
1)5)6)Duna ea de Jos Uni e si y o Gala i, Romania
3)The Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies, Romania
2)4) Valahia Uni e si y o Ta go is e, Romania
Please ci e his a icle as:
C is ache, N., Flo ea, N.V., Năs ase, M., C oi o u, G.,
Fo ea, C. and Tu ea ca, M.V., 2025. The In luence o
Poli ical, Social, and Economic Fac o s on he
Accep ance o Technology in he Wo kplace in he
Con ex o Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0. Am i ea u
Economic, 27(68), pp. 76-92.
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.24818/EA/2025/68/76
A icle His o y
Recei ed: 20 Sep embe 2024
Re ised: 15 No embe 2024
Accep ed: 19 Decembe 2024
Abs ac
This a icle explo es he ole o Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0 in ans o ming he labou ma ke ,
analysing he impac o poli ical, economic, and social ac o s on he accep ance o
echnology in he wo kplace, leading o he demand o new p o essional skills and he
digi isa ion o adi ionally pe o med jobs. Th ough an analysis based on a sample o 286
esponden s, as well as he use o IBM SPSS S a is ics 27 and Sma PLS 4.1.0.8 so wa e,
we we e able o alida e he ou o mula ed hypo heses and gain an in-dep h unde s anding
o he in e connec ions be ween hese ac o s. The esul s sugges ha poli ical and social
ac o s ha e a signi ican impac on echnology accep ance, while he in luence o economic
ac o s, al hough essen ial, is mo e limi ed. Fu he mo e, he s ong posi i e e ec o
echnological ac o s on labou ma ke pe o mance is highligh ed, highligh ing he
impo ance o echnology adop ion o imp o e o ganisa ional e iciency. The s udy indings
sugges he need o an in eg a ed app oach ha includes suppo i e policies, educa ional
ini ia i es, and inclusi e social p ac ices o maximise echnological bene i s. P ac ical
implica ions o manage s ocus on de eloping suppo s a egies o inno a ion and
p omo ing an o ganisa ional cul u e capable o sus aining con inuous lea ning. Thus, his
Co esponding au ho , Năs ase Ma ian – e-mail: [email p o ec ed]
This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion License, which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in
any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. © 2025 The Au ho (s).
T ans o ma ions o he Socio-Poli ical-Economic Sys ems a he Con luence
wi h New Technologies: Re isi ing he “Libe alism Ve sus S a ism” Dilemma
in he Con ex o he Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0
AE
Vol. 27 • No. 68 • Feb ua y 2025 77
s udy con ibu es o unde s anding o he complex dynamics o echnology accep ance and
labou ma ke pe o mance in he e a o Indus y 4.0.
Keywo ds: Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0, poli ical ac o s, economic ac o s, social ac o s,
echnology accep ance in he wo kplace, pe o mance
JEL Classi ica ion: O15, P42, C52
In oduc ion
The con empo a y wo ld is unde going majo ans o ma ions unde he in luence o
u banisa ion, echnological p og ess, popula ion aging (Ebe ha d e al., 2017), globalisa ion
and he de elopmen o in o ma ion echnologies. Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0 (IR 4.0)
in oduces sma ac o ies, connec ed p oduc s, and da a-d i en ope a ions suppo ed by
au oma ion and human in ol emen (Wang e al., 2016). The i s h ee indus ial e olu ions
in oduced s eam engines, elec ici y, and IT au oma ion, and IR 4.0 accele a es change by
hal ing he ansi ion ime. Indus y 5.0 is expec ed by 2035 (Czeczo e al., 2023).
Globalisa ion ca alyses his ans o ma ion, in luencing wo king condi ions globally. IR 4.0
educes human in ol emen in epe i i e asks and suppo s in ellec ual wo k h ough
ad anced echnologies. Based on essen ial pilla s such as IIoT, addi i e manu ac u ing,
au onomous obo s, AI and cybe secu i y, IR 4.0 inc eases p oduc i i y, op imises cos s and
s imula es inno a ion (Asadollahi-Yazdi e al., 2020). Al hough many companies a e s ill a
he s age o ad hoc digi isa ion (Lopez e al., 2023), hey a e pu suing AI in eg a ion and
hype connec i i y o educe e o s and imp o e quali y (Molinie e al., 2023; Ambadeka e
al., 2023). In eg a ion ac ions a e essen ial o mee he equi emen s o IR 4.0 (Rehman and
Al ai y, 2023).
IR 4.0 in luences many a eas, including sma ci ies, p oduc ion (Hozdic and Mako ec, 2023;
Ooi e al., 2023), employmen (Polako a e al., 2023), ec ui men (Năs ase e al., 2024),
supply chains ag i- ood, educa ion, ou ism (Gomes e al., 2023), ene gy (Ga cia-Mo eno
and Lopez-Ruiz, 2023) and he IoT (Fe encz e al., 2024). The cu en pe iod le e ages
echnological inno a ions o e iciency and cos educ ion (Tang and Hwang, 2023), and AI
is eshaping wo k and p oduc ion, equi ing wo ke s o cons an ly de elop hei skills (Co bel
e al., 2021). Digi isa ion, big da a, and obo iza ion a e ans o ming logis ics, accoun ing,
anspo , and heal hca e. Tasks in ol ing c ea i i y and social in elligence a e less
au oma ed, and jobs a e cons an ly changing. In he wo k o ce, Gen Xe s, Ze s, and
Millennials p e e lexible wo king, wi h 84% o Millennials adop ing he in ap eneu ial
s yle while he mode n wo k en i onmen elies on digi al skills and “any ime, anywhe e”
lexibili y. New echnologies acili a e human-human, human-machine, and machine-
machine in e ac ions, p omo ing he adap abili y o o ganisa ions and lexible wo k models
(Ro h and A min, 2016).
The pu pose o his a icle is o analyse he in e ac ion be ween poli ical, economic, and social
ac o s in he adop ion o echnology in he wo kplace in he con ex o IR 4.0.
T ans o ma ion h ough au oma ion, a i icial in elligence, and digi isa ion equi es an
assessmen o he in luence o public policies, economic condi ions, and social a i udes on
echnological implemen a ion and he compe i i eness o he globalised labou ma ke . The
AE
The In luence o Poli ical, Social, and Economic Fac o s on he Accep ance
o Technology in he Wo kplace in he Con ex o Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0
78 Am i ea u Economic
s udy is s uc u ed as ollows: in he i s sec ion, he li e a u e on he in luence o poli ical,
economic, and social ac o s on he use o echnology a wo k in he con ex o IR 4.0 is
p esen ed, he esea ch hypo heses a e de eloped, and he concep ual model is buil . In
Sec ion 2 he esea ch me hodology is p esen ed, he esul s ob ained and he discussions in
Sec ion 3, and in he inal pa he conclusions, s udy limi s, implica ions, and u u e esea ch
di ec ions a e p esen ed.
Analysis o he impac o poli ical, economic, and social ac o s is c ucial o op imising he
in eg a ion o echnologies in he p o essional en i onmen . Al hough esea ch equen ly
add esses hese ac o s sepa a ely, his pape p oposes a uni ied concep ual model,
highligh ing hei in e ac ion and in luence on labou ma ke pe o mance, hus p o iding a
solid basis o de eloping e ec i e echnology adop ion s a egies.
1. Li e a u e e iew, esea ch hypo heses, and he concep ual model
Exis ing s udies highligh he impac o poli ical, economic, and social ac o s on IR 4.0.
Bei e e al. (2018) show ha p o-inno a ion policies, such as subsidies, s imula e echnology
adop ion, while Villemus (2009) a gues ha es ic i e policies can slow down his p ocess,
depending on he legisla i e and cul u al con ex . Rega ding economic ac o s, he wo ks o
Nagy e al. (2018) show ha globalisa ion and economic g ow h suppo echnological
in eg a ion, while ecessions limi he inancial esou ces needed (Demi bag and Yildi im,
2023). Socially, educa ion and social skills acili a e echnology accep ance (Deming, 2017),
bu ea o au oma ion can cause esis ance (Del Valle e al., 2024). Al hough he li e a u e
add esses poli ical, economic, and social ac o s sepa a ely, hei in e ac ion emains
insu icien ly explo ed, especially a he egional le el and in eme ging economies such as
Romania. The p esen s udy p o ides an in eg a ed analysis o hese ac o s and hei
in luence on labou ma ke pe o mance.
1.1. Policy ac o s and hei in luence on echnology adop ion
Poli ical ac o s in luence economic s abili y, ec ui men , selec ion, and ca ee de elopmen
(Năs ase e al., 2024; Modem e al., 2024). IR 4.0 d i es policy ini ia i es o indus ial
e i alisa ion (Bei e e al., 2018), and policies on quali y, sa e y, subsidies, and equipmen
eba es in luence echnology adop ion (Villemus, 2009). Also, poli ical pa icipa ion,
ac i ism, legisla ion, ax and ade egula ions, in es men policy, and local cons ain s ha e
a di ec impac on he labou ma ke (Bensoussan and Fleishe , 2013). Thus, policies play a
key ole in echnology adop ion and labou ma ke ans o ma ion. Thus, he esea ch
hypo hesis was es ablished: H1- Poli ical ac o s in luence he accep ance o echnology a
he wo kplace in he con ex o IR 4.0.
1.2. The impac o economic ac o s on echnology adop ion
Globalisa ion and IR 4.0 a e ans o ming he economic en i onmen by inc easing
p oduc ion, consump ion, and li ing s anda ds (WESOT, 2023). IR 4.0 b ings economic and
social alue h ough imp o ed communica ion (Ghislie i e al., 2018), omnichannel ope a ion
(Alonso-Ga cia e al., 2023), wo king om anywhe e, skill de elopmen , and social
T ans o ma ions o he Socio-Poli ical-Economic Sys ems a he Con luence
wi h New Technologies: Re isi ing he “Libe alism Ve sus S a ism” Dilemma
in he Con ex o he Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0
AE
Vol. 27 • No. 68 • Feb ua y 2025 79
esponsibili y. Economic ac o s, such as egionalisa ion, globalisa ion, ex e nal unds and
sus ainabili y, hus in luence he pe o mance o he labou ma ke . Economic a iables can
include in e es a e, in la ion, GDP, unemploymen , supply cos s, and ene gy p ices
(Villemus, 2009; Bensoussan and Fleishe , 2013). In IR 4.0, companies p e e employees
wi h ad anced economic and social skills, essen ial o in eg a ing echnologies and
de eloping in o ma ion skills (Deming, 2017; Demi bag and Yildi im, 2023). Thus, he
ollowing hypo hesis was p oposed: H2 - Economic ac o s ob iously in luence he
accep ance o echnology in he wo kplace in he con ex o IR 4.0.
1.3. The ole o social ac o s in echnology adop ion
Human-machine in e ac ion, s a ed wi h au oma ion, has e ol ed, and 34% o asks a e
pe o med by machines, 66% by humans. IR 4.0 is ede ining indus ial p ocesses,
in luencing he economy and socie y. The sociocul u al en i onmen , including alues,
no ms, and demog aphic ends (Ris ea e al., 2002), a ec s he accep ance o echnologies
in he wo kplace. Fac o s such as social inclusion, he ole o women (Villemus, 2009),
educa ion, age dis ibu ion, and mig a ion in luence he use o echnology (Bensoussan and
Fleishe , 2013). IR 4.0 equi es companies o adop lexible wo king hou s, de elop new
skills, and adap o economic and social changes. The goal o IR 4.0 is no o cu jobs, bu o
c ea e mo e lexible and less physically demanding jobs suppo ed by sma ac o ies. Thus,
he ollowing hypo hesis was p oposed: H3 - Social ac o s ob iously in luence he
accep ance o echnology a he wo kplace in he con ex o IR 4.0.
1.4. Technology adop ion and labou ma ke pe o mance
IR 4.0 is based on echnological con e gence and human- echnology in e ac ion (Fa ell e
al., 2020), in luencing employees’ in en ion o adop digi isa ion h ough simula ion and
modelling (Kwa eng e al., 2023). Technology adop ion emains c ucial o business
ans o ma ion o e he nex 5 yea s. Technological p og ess imp o es economic and social
pe o mance h ough new managemen ools, hyb id solu ions, and public-p i a e
pa ne ships (Ris ea e al., 2002). Fac o s such as pa en s, esea ch budge s, numbe o
uni e si ies, and p ocess op imisa ion suppo his de elopmen (Bensoussan and Fleishe ,
2013). Technological p og ess is d i en by in en ions, inno a ions, and apid echnology
ans e s, bu i can gene a e pollu ion, damage p i acy, and change in e pe sonal
ela ionships.
IR 4.0, as a global challenge, ans o ms socio-economic en i onmen s h ough e icien
p ocesses, op imised ela ionships, and in elligen p oduc s (Ro h and A min, 2016).
O ganisa ional pe o mance inc eases when social skills me ge wi h echnological ones
(Deming, 2017), and eamwo k (Ga cia-Ga nica e al., 2023) and da a p ocessing (Demi bag
and Yildi im, 2023) become indispensable. IR 4.0 consis s o ne wo ks o in e connec ed
sys ems wi h wo ke s, sma de ices, and cloud pla o ms. The main componen s include
echnologies, managemen me hods, and human skills, all o ien ed owa ds e iciency and
p oduc i i y. Mo e han 85% o o ganisa ions an icipa e ha AI will d i e majo
ans o ma ions, and 75% plan o adop i in he nex 5 yea s (WESOT, 2023). The echnology
suppo s digi isa ion, sus ainabili y and he de elopmen o ag icul u e and digi al comme ce,
AE
The In luence o Poli ical, Social, and Economic Fac o s on he Accep ance
o Technology in he Wo kplace in he Con ex o Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0
80 Am i ea u Economic
in luencing he adminis a i e sec o and adi ional secu i y. Digi al skills will become
essen ial, wi h ech li e acy ising om 6 h in 2023 o 3 d in 2027, and AI and Big Da a om
15 h o 7 h (Fu u e o Jobs Repo , 2023). P og amming emains s eady a 22nd, bu he
g owing impo ance o digi al skills in he wo kplace is ine i able.
Labo ma ke pe o mance is suppo ed by he humanisa ion o a i icial in elligence h ough
digi al skills, wo kplace com o (del-Cas illo-Fei o e al., 2022), emo e wo k, secu i y (He
e al., 2021) and collabo a ion oppo uni ies in eam and indi idual wo k (Bluma, 2021).
Inno a ion, c ea i i y, lexible o ganisa ional cul u e (Ha is, 2022), de elopmen o human
po en ial, and e ec i e alen ec ui men (Chanda and Goyal, 2020; Năs ase e al., 2024)
con ibu e signi ican ly o pe o mance. “Sma ” au oma ion esponds o he challenges o
compe i ion and s a sho ages (Ås öm e al., 2022) h ough alen e en ion, au onomous
p oduc ion (Sobhani e al., 2021), op imisa ion in imes o c isis (Malik e al., 2022) and
e ec i e p ocesses. Al hough au oma ion may eplace ce ain human asks, human
in ol emen emains essen ial, suppo ed by co po a e social esponsibili y (Ab ala a and
Ja elidze, 2021) and he cons an in eg a ion o employees in o he wo k low (Ak e e al.,
2022). Thus, he ollowing hypo hesis was p oposed: H4 - Technology accep ance in he
wo kplace in he con ex o IR 4.0. posi i ely in luence labou ma ke pe o mance.
Figu e no. 1 p esen s he concep ual amewo k ha explo es he ole o he ou h indus ial
e olu ion in he ans o ma ion o he labou ma ke , highligh ing how poli ical, economic
and social ac o s in luence he accep ance o echnology in he wo kplace in he con ex o
IR 4.0. This isual ep esen a ion no only summa ises he undamen al heo e ical concep s,
bu also acili a es he unde s anding o he complex in e ac ions be ween he in es iga ed
a iables.
Figu e no. 1. Concep ual model PES-T-pe IR 4.0
T ans o ma ions o he Socio-Poli ical-Economic Sys ems a he Con luence
wi h New Technologies: Re isi ing he “Libe alism Ve sus S a ism” Dilemma
in he Con ex o he Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0
AE
Vol. 27 • No. 68 • Feb ua y 2025 81
2. Resea ch me hodology
The esea ch analyses he in luence o poli ical, economic and social ac o s on echnology
accep ance in IR 4.0, ocusing on hei impac on labou ma ke pe o mance. The main
objec i e is o assess he in e ac ion be ween ac o s and echnological in eg a ion in he
economic and social ields. Speci ic objec i es include examining each ac o and he
ela ionship be ween echnology accep ance and o ganisa ional pe o mance.
Ou s udy examines he in luence o poli ical, economic and social ac o s on he accep ance
o wo kplace echnologies in he con ex o IR 4.0. Poli ical ac o s es ablish he no ma i e
amewo k, economic ac o s de e mine access o esou ces, and social ac o s shape
employee pe cep ion. In Romania, he a iabili y o hese ac o s highligh s hei impo an
ole in he in eg a ion o mode n echnologies. Technological and en i onmen al ac o s we e
excluded o cla i y, being conside ed he esul o he in e ac ion be ween poli ical,
economic and social ac o s. This app oach allows o a ocused analysis, and u u e s udies
can in es iga e he in luence o echnological and en i onmen al ac o s.
The model is based on in e na ional epo s (WESOT, 2023) and s udies ha highligh ha
IR 4.0 b ings economic and social alue (Ghislie i e al., 2018), as well as suppo o policy
ini ia i es (Bei e e al., 2018 ). The model analyses he in luence o poli ical, economic and
social ac o s on he accep ance o echnology in he wo kplace, a dynamic in e nal ac o
essen ial o he in eg a ion o ad anced echnologies (Singla e al., 2024). The quan i a i e
s udy uses an online ques ionnai e wi h a Like scale (1-5), applied o a sample o 286
esponden s om a ious economic sec o s in Romania. The main objec i e is o assess he
in luence o poli ical, economic and social ac o s on echnology accep ance and analyse i s
impac on labo ma ke pe o mance. The analysis was pe o med by desc ip i e, in e en ial,
and mul iple eg ession s a is ics o iden i y ela ionships be ween a iables. The eliabili y
o he ques ionnai e was e i ied by he Alpha C onbach coe icien , wi h Table no. 1
showing he p o ile o he esponden s (age, gende , educa ion, posi ion, ield o ac i i y).
Table no. 1. Demog aphic cha ac e is ics o esponden s
Va iable
Ca ego ies
F equency
%
Va iable
Ca ego ies
F equency
%
Gende
Le el o
educa ion
a. Masculine
b. Feminine
High School
Bachelo ’s
Deg ee
Mas e ’s Deg ee
Doc o a e
139
147
70
72
87
57
48.6
51.4
24.5
25.2
30.4
19.9
Field o
ac i i y
Educa ion
HoReCa
IT
P oduc ion
Heal h
59
66
53
53
55
20.6
23.1
18.5
18.5
19.2
Age
a. Unde 25 yea s
b. 25-35 yea s
c. 36-45 yea s
d.46-55 yea s
e. 56 yea s and
o e
65
53
49
73
46
22.7
18.5
17.1
25.5
16.1
Func ion
Managemen
Execu ion
145
141
50.7
49.3
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The In luence o Poli ical, Social, and Economic Fac o s on he Accep ance
o Technology in he Wo kplace in he Con ex o Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0
82 Am i ea u Economic
The majo i y o he esponden s (25.5%) a e be ween he ages o 46 and 55, indica ing a
signi ican pa icipa ion o expe ienced employees. In e ms o gende , 51.4% a e women
and 48.6% a e men, p o iding a balanced pe spec i e. A pe cen age o 30.4% o esponden s
ha e mas e 's deg ees, and 50.7% hold managemen posi ions, while 49.3% hold execu ion
posi ions, e lec ing a balanced dis ibu ion be ween manage s and ope a ional employees.
The HoReCa sec o egis e s he la ges sha e o esponden s (23.1%), bu o he ields a e
also ep esen ed, wi h pe cen ages be ween 18.5% and 20.6%, gua an eeing he di e si y o
he sample.
3. Resul s and discussion
In his s udy, con i ma o y ac o analysis (CFA) was used o assess he alidi y and
eliabili y o cons uc s ega ding he in luence o poli ical, economic and social ac o s on
echnology accep ance in IR 4.0 (Table no. 2). Composi e eliabili y (CR) eco ded alues
be ween 0.7 and 0.9 (Hai e al., 2019), and con e gen alidi y was con i med by AVE >
0.5 o all cons uc s. Fac o loadings me he h eshold ≥ 0.40, acco ding o Ge en and S aub
(2005) and Hai e al. (2019), demons a ing he app op ia e co ela ion be ween he
cons uc s and hei indica o s.
Al hough some i ems (FP5 - 0.665, FE3 - 0.693, FE5 - 0.690, FT1 - 0.689 and PP5 - 0.674)
ha e loadings below he 0.7 h eshold, hey we e kep in he model due o heo e ical
ele ance and accep able loadings (≥ 0.40). Thei emo al would ha e comp omised he
heo e ical signi icance and dis o ed he conclusions. The analysis o he “Poli ical Fac o s”
cons uc highligh s he impo ance o policies in he adop ion o ad anced echnologies,
ha ing a C onbach’s Alpha o 0.848 and an AVE o 0.625, which con i ms he high eliabili y
and in e nal consis ency o he i ems. Fo “Economic Fac o s”, he C onbach’s Alpha
coe icien o 0.848 and he app op ia e alues o AVE and CR indica e high eliabili y and
close in e dependence among i ems, highligh ing he in luence o economic a iables on he
in eg a ion o ad anced echnologies. “Social Fac o s” play an essen ial ole in he
accep ance o echnologies in he wo kplace, especially in he con ex o IR 4.0. Wi h a
C onbach’s Alpha o 0.863 and an AVE o 0.648, his cons uc e lec s adequa e con e gen
alidi y and a signi ican in luence on new echnology adop ion. “In luence o Technology”
emphasises he con ibu ion o echnological ac o s o labou ma ke pe o mance, wi h a
C onbach’s Alpha o 0.882 and an AVE o 0.685, con i ming he cohe ence and consis ency
o he i ems used. Labo ma ke pe o mance as a esul o echnological de elopmen s
highligh s how o ganisa ions adap hei human esou ces and p ocesses. Wi h a C onbach’s
Alpha o 0.869 and an AVE o 0.662, his cons uc ensu es in e nal consis ency and he
abili y o explain he a ia ion o he i ems, demons a ing he dynamic link be ween
echnology and human capi al, he ounda ion o labou ma ke pe o mance in he con ex
o IR 4.0.
T ans o ma ions o he Socio-Poli ical-Economic Sys ems a he Con luence
wi h New Technologies: Re isi ing he “Libe alism Ve sus S a ism” Dilemma
in he Con ex o he Indus ial Re olu ion 4.0
AE
Vol. 27 • No. 68 • Feb ua y 2025 83
Table no. 2. Con i ma o y ac o analysis (CFA) and desc ip i e s a is ics
Cons uc ion
A icle
Measu e
A e age
VIF
Loading
(S .Es .)
Ch o
Alpha
AVE
CR
1. Poli ical ac o s in luencing he accep ance o echnology in he wo kplace in he con ex o IR 4.0
FP1
Labou ma ke policies
in he IR 4.0 e a
3.381
2.340
0.817
0.848
0.625
0.847
FP2
Human igh s laws in
an online con ex
3.224
2.916
0.872
FP3
Employee p o ec ion
and sa e y
3.661
1.895
0.797
FP4
Sala y policies
acco ding o he skills
held
3.042
1.930
0.788
FP5
Employmen policies
in he au oma ed
sec o s
3.776
1.293
0.665
2. Economic ac o s in luencing he accep ance o echnology in he wo kplace in he con ex o IR 4.0
FE1
The impac o
globaliza ion
3.759
2.762
0.856
0.848
0.628
0.852
FE2
G ow h
3.745
3.256
0.852
FE3
Main aining jobs in
au oma ed domains
3.783
1.589
0.693
FE4
Mo i a ion and
aining
3.895
3.302
0.853
FE5
In e na ional ela ions
3.374
1.605
0.690
3. Social ac o s in luencing he accep ance o echnology in he wo kplace in he con ex o IR 4.0
FS1
Online communica ion
and ne wo king
3.304
2.035
0.737
0.863
0.648
0.871
FS2
Social inclusion
3.731
1.970
0.724
FS3
A i udes and alues
3.175
2.291
0.820
FS4
Le el o educa ion
3.517
3.075
0.869
FS5
Social classes
3.486
2.825
0.862
4. The in luence o echnology in he wo kplace in he con ex o IR 4.0 on he pe o mance o he labo ma ke
FT1
Employees o
echnology eadiness
3.888
1.400
0.689
0.882
0.685
0.883
FT2
Sma echnological
p ocesses
3.105
2.049
0.794
FT3
Func ionali y and
compa ibili y
3.521
2.886
0.868
FT4
De eloping and using
online skills
3.364
3.397
0.901
FT5
Con inuous inno a ion
p ocess
3.388
2.755
0.868
5. Labou ma ke pe o mance
PP1
Main aining/upda ing
jobs wi h he use o AI
in companies
3.853
2.466
0.844
0.869
0.662
0.873
PP2
Re aining aluable
employees
3.552
1.904
0.790
PP3
Sma au onomous
p oduc ion
4.021
2.674
0.859
PP4
E ec i e quali y
con ol
3.909
3.302
0.885
PP5
Humanised Co po a e
Social Responsibili y
3.563
1.354
0.674
No es: composi e eliabili y (CRa); a e age a iance ex ac ed (AVEb); *** p < 0.000
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