Fe ei a, Ta iana e al.
Book Pa — Published Ve sion
Building b idges: Communi y-based p ojec s o
pa icipa ion and social inclusion o u al NEETs
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Fe ei a, Ta iana e al. (2024) : Building b idges: Communi y-based p ojec s
o pa icipa ion and social inclusion o u al NEETs, In: Simões, F ancisco E dogan, Em e (Ed.):
NEETs in Eu opean u al a eas: Indi idual ea u es, suppo sys ems and policy measu es, ISBN
978-3-031-45679-4, Sp inge , Cham, pp. 17-33,
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Chap e 2
Building B idges: Communi y-Based
P ojec s o Pa icipa ion and Social
Inclusion o Ru al NEETs
Ta iana Fe ei a, Ad iano Mau o Ellena, F ida Jonsson, Belém Ba bosa,
Pına Uyan-Seme ci, Emelj Tuna, Gied ė K ieskienė, Elena Ma a,
İlkay Unay-Gailha d, and Ma ia Fe nandes-Jesus
T. Fe ei a (✉)
School o Educa ion, Poly echnic Ins i u e o San a ém, San a ém, Po ugal
e-mail: [email p o ec ed] em.p
A. M. Ellena · E. Ma a
Uni e si à Ca olica del Sac o Cuo e, Milan, I aly
CERISVICO - Resea ch Cen e on Communi y De elopmen and O ganisa ional Quali y o
Li e, B escia, I aly
e-mail: ad ianomau o.ellena@unica .i ; [email p o ec ed]
F. Jonsson
Umeå Uni e si y, Umeå, Sweden
e-mail: [email p o ec ed] e
B. Ba bosa
Uni e si y o Po o, Po o, Po ugal
e-mail: [email p o ec ed]
P. Uyan-Seme ci
Is anbul Bilgi Uni e si y, Is anbul, Tu key
e-mail: [email p o ec ed]
E. Tuna
Ss. Cy il and Me hodius Uni e si y o Skopje, Skopje, No h Macedonia
e-mail: [email p o ec ed]k
G. K ieskienė
Vy au as Magnus Uni e si y, Kaunas, Li huania
e-mail: gied e.k ieskiene@ du.l
İ. Unay-Gailha d
Leibniz Ins i u e o Ag icul u al De elopmen in T ansi ion Economies (IAMO), Leibniz,
Ge many
e-mail: [email p o ec ed]
M. Fe nandes-Jesus
Uni e si y o Sussex, B igh on, Uni ed Kingdom
e-mail: [email p o ec ed]c.uk
© The Au ho (s) 2024
F. Simões, E. E dogan (eds.), NEETs in Eu opean u al a eas , Sp inge B ie s in
Sociology, h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/978-3-031-45679-4_2
17
18 T. Fe ei a e al.
Abs ac This chap e ocuses on ac o s ha acil i a e communi y-ba sed p ojec s
o p o iding e ec i e and sus ainable esponses o he challenges aced by young
people No in Employmen , Educa ion, o T aining (NEETs) in u al a eas and mo e
specifically o p omo e hei quali y o li e and social inclusion. In line wi h
B on enb enne ’s bioecological model (1977, 1979) and conside ing communi y-
based p ojec s as pa o he exosys em, we aim o iden i y he ba ie s and con-
s ain s aced by p ojec s a ge ing young NEETs in u al a eas. As pa o he
collabo a i e esea ch de eloped by he membe s o he “WG1—Ru al NEETs
Social Ne wo ks and Social Inclusion” o he Ru al NEET You h Ne wo k, we
iden ified fi e p omising communi y-based p ojec s in Po ugal, I aly, Sweden,
No h Macedonia, and Li huania and conduc ed semi-s uc u ed in e iews wi h
he p ojec coo dina o s. Ou analysis showed ha he iden ified p ojec s ake in o
accoun he di e en le els o he bioecological model and he need o in ol e how
young people and local communi ies. Bo h hese ac o s a e c ucial o hei success
and sus ainabili y o e ime.
Keywo ds Ru al NEETs · You h inclusion · Quali y o li e · Pa icipa ion ·
Communi y-based p ojec s
2.1 In oduc ion
Young people’s pa icipa ion in he design and implemen a ion o communi y-based
p ojec s is key o ensu ing ha such in e en ions a e ele an o hem. This is
pa icula ly impo an o hose No in Employmen , no in Edu ca ion o T aining
(NEET), who o en ace exclusion and disengagemen (Ju onen & Romakkaniemi,
2019). Inspi ed by B on enb enne ’s bioecological model (1977, 1979), in his
chap e , we look a he ac o s ha acili a e communi y-based p ojec s ha can
e ec i ely suppo NEETs in u al a eas in p omo ing hei quali y o li e and social
inclusion. Recognizing communi y-based p ojec s as pa o he exosys em, which
encompasses o mal and in o mal s uc u es (such as he neighbo hood) ha influ-
ence people’s li es (B on enb enne , 1977; Newman & Newman, 2020), we aimed
o iden i y p ojec s a ge ing NEETs and he ba ie s and cons ain s aced by
communi y-based p ojec s in u al a eas. We looked a p omisin g p ac ices, he e
defined as an ‘in e en ion, p og am/se ice, s a egy, o policy ha shows po en ial
(o ‘p omise’) o de eloping in o a bes p ac ice’ (Fazal e al., 2017: 387).
While he e has been an inc eased in e es in he condi ions, ac o s, and expe i-
ences o NEETs, exis ing esea ch is s ill limi ed o he pe spec i e o NEETs in
u ban a eas (Simões e al., 2022a) and lacks a clea ocus on NEETs acing unique
challenges including limi ed access o esou ces, lack o employmen oppo uni ies,
and geog aphic isola ion in u al a eas (Simões e al., 2022b). Fu he mo e, as you h
pa icipa ion is a key dimension o unde s anding social inclusion in u al a eas
(Simões e al., 2022c), mo e esea ch is needed o examine how and in which
condi ions communi y-based p ojec s in ol e young people no only as
“pa icipan s” bu as ac i e elemen s in he de elopmen o esponses ha a e
ele an o hem.
2 Building B idges: Communi y-Based P ojec s o Pa icipa ion and... 19
How do p ojec s conside he di e en le els o he bioecological model in he
design and implemen a ion? How is he conside a ion o he di e en le els o his
model ela ed o achie ing he goals o he p ojec and making i sus ainable
o e ime? How a e yo ung people in ol ed in he di e en s ages o he p ojec ?
We add essed hese ques ions by ocusing on he pe spec i es o hose leading and
acili a ing communi y-based p ojec s in u al a eas. Based on empi ical da a, we
a gue ha communi y-based p ojec s p o iding e ec i e and sus ainable esponses
o he challenges aced by NEETs in u al you h (i.e., p omising p ac ices) a e
p ojec s which acili a e you h pa icipa ion, he in ol emen o he local commu-
ni y, he p o ision o a ge ed suppo and esou ces, and he de elopmen o
ne wo ks and pa ne ships. The bioecological model (B on enb enne , 1977, 1979)
is used as a heo e ical lens o look a hese dimensions. Addi ionally, while ou
s a ing poin is he mesosys em le el, which e e s o he connec ions be ween he
di e en mic osys ems ha an indi idual is a pa o , in his chap e , we seek o look
a he ne wo ks, ela ionships, eedback, and in e ac ion mechanisms wi hin and
be ween sys ems and le els o he bioecological model.
2.1.1 Being NEET in Ru al A eas: The Need o You h
Pa icipa ion
You h li ing in u al a eas ace se e al challenges ela ed o limi ed access o
educa ion, limi ed decen and meaning ul wo k oppo uni ies, and inc easing gende
gaps (Simões e al., 2022b). Schola s ha e p oposed possible s a egies o add ess
hese challenges by ocusing on acili a ing en i onmen ally iendly a ming p ac-
ices ha help o de elop a posi i e sense o p o essional iden i y, pa icula ly among
young women, and highligh ing inno a ion capaci y in ag icul u e- ela e jobs
(Unay-Gailha d & Bojnec, 2021; Unay-Gailha d & B ennan, 2022). O he
app oaches highligh ed he impo ance o inc easing educa ional and aining oppo -
uni ies o e all and no jus in he a ming sec o (Bojnec & Pe escu, 2021; Pe escu
e al., 2022).
While such s a egies a e undoub edly needed, add essing u al NEETs’ needs
should also in ol e looking a how he physical, social, and cul u al en i onmen s
ha young people li e in con ibu e o hei quali y o li e om a wide pe spec i e
(Fe ei a e al., 2023). Such an app oach in ol es looking a subjec i e and objec i e
indica o s o quali y o li e and well-being, including human heal h (e.g., physical,
psychological), socioeconomic condi ions (e.g., e i o ial, indi idual), as well as
exis ing educa ional and employmen oppo uni ies (Ellena e al., 2021; WHO,
2012). Pa icipa ion is o en conside ed an o e a ching dimension ha helps o
imp o e young people’s quali y o li e and p omo e hei social inclusio n, being,
he e o e, a key p io i y in se e al Eu opean policies (Fe ei a e al., 2023).
20 T. Fe ei a e al.
Ne e heless, pas esea ch has sugges ed ha young people do no eel hea d by
ins i u ions and poli ical ac o s, and hei conce ns and needs a e o en no consid-
e ed ele an (e.g., Ba e & Zani, 2015; Menezes e al., 2012). The eeling o
disempowe men and exclusion om pa icipa ion sphe es is pa icula ly high in
young people om ma ginalized con ex s and backg ounds (Ba e & Zani, 2015),
such as hose li ing in u al a eas. Pa icipa ion is, in his sense, a key dimension o
ensu e he social inclusion o young people in u al, isola ed, o dep i ed a eas
(Simões e al., 2022b).
You h pa icipa ion is bes seen as a con inuum anging om me e a emp s o
manipula e he p ocess om adul s (e.g., deco a ion, okenism), and consul a ion o
you h-led ini ia i es (Ha , 1992, 2008). Rele an p ojec s a e, hus, hose ha a e
uly able o in ol e young people in he decision-making p ocesses, a e you h-
ini ia ed and di ec ed, and in which he decisions a e sha ed wi h adul s. In his
ega d, p e ious s udies ha e called o mo e pa icipa o y and inclusi e con ex s
and p ocesses when wo king wi h young people (e.g., Mala aia & Fe nandes-Jesus,
in p ess; Ma a e al., 2022). Engaging young people in he design and implemen-
a ion o p ojec s a ge ing hei needs is pa icula ly needed when looking a he
p ojec s aiming a he quali y o li e and he social inclusion o NEETs in u al a eas.
The na u e o he ini ia i es a ge ing u al NEETs is ano he impo an dimension
o conside . Local and bo om-up p ojec s seem o acili a e add essing issues ha
a e cul u ally, socially, and economically oo ed wi hin a pa icula geog aphical
a ea o communi y (e.g., Jakes e al., 2015), ensu ing ha he p ojec a ge s he
challenges aced by he local communi y (Wildman e al., 2019). I pa icipa ion in
he communi y is impo an o people’s well-being and quali y o li e (e.g., Melås
e al., 2023; Wilkinson, 1991), he e is a need o look a how p ojec s and ini ia i es
a ge ing u al NEETs can also acili a e and p omo e hei pa icipa ion and social
inclusion. By social inclusion, we mean he “p ocess o indi idual’s sel - ealiza ion
wi hin a socie y, accep ance, and ecogni ion o one’s po en ial by social ins i u ions,
in eg a ion ( h ough s udy, employmen , olun ee wo k o o he o ms o pa ici-
pa ion)” (Ko ache a, 2014: 2). Thus, quali y o li e and social inclusion o NEETs
a e no possible wi hou suppo i e ins i u ions and inclusi e social ne wo ks. The
bioecological model (B on enb enne , 1977, 1979) o e s us a lens o look a hese
dimensions om a comp ehensi e and in e ela ed pe spec i e. Communi y-based
p ojec s exis wi hin he in e sec ion o mul iple ins i u ions, sys ems, and le els.
2.2 Iden i ying Communi y-Based P ojec s Ac oss Eu ope:
Ou App oach
As pa o ou collabo a i e wo k wi hin he WG1: ‘Ru al NEETs Social Ne wo ks
and Social Inclusion’ o he Ru al NEET You h Ne wo k, we mapped communi y-
based p ojec s a ge ing u al NEETs ac oss Eu ope. Ou me hodological app oach
consis ed o wo main phases. In phase one, be ween June and Sep embe 2022, we
iden ified communi y-based p ojec s ocused on he social inclusion o NEETs in
u al a eas ac oss Eu ope (Fe ei a e al., 2023) h ough he applica ion o an online
su ey. The su ey was de eloped by WG1 membe s and comp ised ques ions
ela ed o he cha ac e is ics, concep ualiza ion, implemen a ion, and e alua ion o
he communi y-based p ojec s.
2 Building B idges: Communi y-Based P ojec s o Pa icipa ion and... 21
In o al, we iden ified 43 p ojec s om 14 coun ies ac oss Eu ope (see Fe ei a
e al. ( 2023), o a de ailed desc ip ion o he p ojec s). These p ojec s ocused on he
social inclusion o young NEETs in u al a eas and highligh ed he ole o young
people’s pa i cipa ion. Social inclusion and pa icipa ion measu es and policies a
Eu opean and na ional le els end o ocus mainly on educa ion and employmen
dimensions, and ou mapping e ealed he need o go beyond hese ca ego ies,
conside ing you h pa icipa ion as a pa hway o and an ou come o social inclusion.
The p ocess and esul s o he mapping phase we e ully epo ed elsewhe e (Fe ei a
e al., 2023).
Mo e de ailed in o ma ion was needed o ully unde s and he ac o s and p o-
cesses acili a ing he implemen a ion o he p ocesses. Thus, he second phase o
ou mapping in ol ed he selec ion o examples o p omising p ac ices ha depic ed:
(a) a clea ocus on you h in u al a eas; (b) a communi y-based app oach; (c) an
o ien a ion owa ds he engagemen o he communi y; and (d) he exis ence o local
pa ne ships. Da a collec ion du ing his phase in ol ed semi-s uc u ed in e iews
wi h coo dina o s o communi y-based p ojec s mee ing he abo e-men ioned
c i e ia. The in e iew guide co e ed ques ions ela ed o p ojec de elopmen ,
sus ainabili y, dissemina ion, and impac , as well as pa ne ships, collabo a ion,
and how young people and he local communi y we e in ol ed. Semi-s uc u ed
in e iews we e conduc ed by co-au ho s in hei fi s languages be ween Ma ch and
Ap il 2023. The in e iews we e audio eco ded and hen ans c ibed e ba im (wi h
an a e age du a ion o 1.5 h). All pe sonal in o ma ion ga he ed was p o ec ed wi h
ca e and confiden iali y equi ed by he Gene al Da a P o ec ion Regula ion (GDPR)
and esea ch e hical p inciples. Pa icipan s we e in o med abou he aim o he
in e iew, ha hei pa icipa ion was olun a y, and ha hey could e use o answe
any ques ions as well as wi hd aw om o lea e he in e iew a any ime wi hou
ha ing o gi e a eason.
In o al, fi e ini ia i es we e included in he second phase. The p ojec s came
om I aly, Po ugal, No h Macedonia, Li huania, and Sweden. Ou analy ical
p ocedu e was inspi ed by quali a i e con en analysis (B yman, 2016) and guided
by ou esea ch ques ions. A ew co-au ho s (Fe nandes-Jesus, Fe ei a, and Ellena)
p epa ed an analysis g id wi h a se o ca ego ies (e.g., esou ces/ ac o s ha
acili a ed he p ojec de elopmen ; s a egies used o engage young people; ypes
o pa ne ships) ha was hen comple ed by he co-au ho s espon sible o
conduc ing he in e iews (Ba bosa, Ellena, Tuna, Jonsson, K ieskienė). Th ee
co-au ho s (Fe ei a, Ellena, Fe nandes-Jesus) we e hen in ol ed in compa ing
and con as ing he di e en esponses, which we e hen checked by all co-au ho s.
22 T. Fe ei a e al.
Table 2.1 Selec ed communi y-based p ojec s
Name S a us Ta ge g oup Ins i u ions Funding
Polico o
P ojec
I aly
Ongoing Young NEETs
(15–29 yea s)
Na ional o fices o he
I alian Episcopal Con e -
ence and o he Ch is ian-
o ien ed you h
associa ions
I alian Chu ch
À Vol a das
Con e sas
Po ugal
Ended
(03/2021
o
07/2022)
Wide local Com-
muni y; You h
(15–24 yea s); Ea ly
school lea e s
Be ween (Ass.
En e odos)—ne wo k o
p o essionals cons i u ed
as a non-p ofi associa ion
Na ional go -
e nmen unds
You h up
No h
Sweden
Ongoing Young people in
u al a eas
Boden, Do o ea and
A jeplog municipali ies
Kamp ad Fam-
ily Founda ion
and he
S enbeck
Founda ion
Sus ainable
Local Wine
No h
Macedonia
Ongoing Wide local commu-
ni y; Young people
in p eca ious wo k
(20–34 yea s)
Slow Food Bi ola|
Macedonia—Local asso-
cia ion o communi y
o ganisa ion
Eu opean
unds, Sel -
unded, P i a e
Company
You h
Home
Li huania
Ongoing Ins i u ionalised
young people in he
p ocess o esiden ial
au onomy
Tu n o he Child en—
NGO
Own unds
2.2.1 P omising Communi y-Based P ojec s
The fi e ini ia i es iden ified below (see Tab le 2.1) a e conside ed p omising
p ac ices. Specifically, hey a e sus ainable p ojec s ha conside young people’s
pa icipa ion as a key dimension in hei app oaches.
The ‘Polico o’ p ojec (I aly)
1
was ounded in 1995 h ough a collabo a ion
be ween h ee na ional o fices o he I alian Episcopal Con e ence, and i is s ill
ongoing. I aims o add ess you h unemploymen in Sou he n I aly as well as in
inland and u al a eas by o e ing a 3-yea schola ship o young people who wan o
become communi y anima o s and con ibu e o he de elopmen o hei commu-
ni ies. Communi y anima o s build pa ne ships wi h local s akeholde s o help
ulne able youngs e s en e he labo ma ke by c ea ing conc e e ac i i ies (e.g., a
3-yea aining p og am, du ing which hey ecei e a schola ship and a wo k
con ac ; mic o-businesses). The p ojec has achie ed a ious ou comes, such as
es ablishing a na ional ne wo k o young indi iduals, p omo ing hem as a esou ce
o hei egion, and ini ia ing success ul local en e p ises and ini ia i es.
1
h ps://www.p oge opolico o.i /
2 Building B idges: Communi y-Based P ojec s o Pa icipa ion and... 23
The ‘À ol a das con e sas’ (P o ugal)
2
p ojec aimed o p omo e he well-being
o young people h ough he de elopmen o hei social and emo ional skills ha
can be mobilized o p e en men al heal h p oblems, encou aging hei collec i e
o ganiza ion and ac ion as a g oup and s eng hening hei mu ual suppo and
esilience. The olun a y pa icipa ion o young people in he p ojec allowed o
he iden ifica ion o p oblems, he selec ion o app op ia e ac ions, and he imple-
men a ion o solu ions om a bo om-up pe spec i e, esul ing in he c ea ion o a
se ies o impac ul ac i i ies wi hin hei communi y. In e ms o indi idual impac ,
he young people de eloped essen ial skills and we e empowe ed, which helped
hem o imp o e hei sel -es eem.
‘You h up No h’ (Sweden)
3
is a 3-yea ini ia i e launched in 2020 o build long-
e m, sys emic, and sus ainable change in u al a eas a he muni cipal le el. The
ini ia i e ocuses on empowe ing young people and p omo ing hei en ep eneu ial
spi i , c ea i i y, and inno a ion. I also aims o c ea e c oss-sec o collabo a ions
be ween ci il socie y, business, and municipali ies o shi powe ela ions a a local
le el, allowing young people o influence hei local communi y. This ini ia i e has
esul ed in posi i e ou comes such as he employmen o you h coo dina o s, he
es ablishmen o local you h clubs, and he inclusion o you h pa icipa ion in he
poli ical agenda o municipali ies.
The ‘You h Home’ p ojec (Li huania)
4
de eloped by he ‘Tu n o he Child en’
o ganiza ion s a ed in 2016. I aims a p o iding social ca e se ices and psycho-
social assis ance o young people who ha e los pa en al ca e as well as employmen
se ices o hose g owing up in social- isk amilies o help hem o be p epa ed o
independen li ing. Assessmen s we e ca ied ou , and pa icipan s ga e posi i e
eedback abou he p ojec , hus becoming p omo e s o he p ojec wi hin he
communi y.
Finally, he ‘Sus ainable Local Wine’ p ojec (No h Macedonia)
5
aimed o
suppo young wine p oduce s o s ay o e u n o u al a eas. The p ojec impac s
include di ec and indi ec benefi s o young a me s and o he ag icul u al sec o
o e all, as well as con ibu ions o he sus ainabili y o u al a eas. The p ojec
o e ed oppo uni ies o aining, in es men planning, and ma ke ing s a egies o
young people, mo i a ing hem o ei he con inue hei amily’s wine p oduc ion o
pu sue s udies in enology o inno a e in he field.
O e all, hese fi e p ojec s ep esen p omising p ac ices o communi y-based
p ojec s who ha e pu you h pa icipa ion a he hea o hei ac ion. They we e
implemen ed in qui e di e en con ex s and wi h di e en goals. Ne e heless, hey
sha e some common aspec s discussed in he ollowing sec ions.
2
h ps://www.be ween.p /p oje os/a- ol a-das-con e sas
3
h ps://fly a illboden.se/en/a-coun yside-whe e-young-people-wan - o-li e/
4
h ps://a sig ezk.l /seimynos/jaunimo-namai
5
h p://www.slow ood.mk/
24 T. Fe ei a e al.
2.2.2 Con ex ually G ounded P ojec s
Ou in e iewees highligh ed local-based, ailo ed, and indi idualized app oaches,
which a e conside ed o be s eng hs and dis inc i e aspec s o hese p ojec s. Whils
hese p ojec s we e de eloped based on he iden ifica ion o con ex ual needs,
Eu opean and na ional policies, and measu es ha e helped o c ea e he condi ions
and access o he esou ces needed o he implemen a ion o hese p ojec s. Fo
example, he ‘You h Home’ was desc ibed as a p ojec aligned and inspi ed by
na ional policies, bu he access o s uc u al unding was key in i s ini ial imple-
men a ion phases. Ne e heless, he app oach o he p ojec was e y much adap ed
and inspi ed by li ed expe iences, aining, and knowledge o hose in ol ed.
Simila ly, he ‘Sus ainable Local Wine’ p ojec was designed ollowing new legis-
la ion in No h Macedonia, which has acili a ed he de elopmen o he p ojec . In a
way, his p ojec caugh he wa e o he pe iod when he law o sp eading wine ies
ac oss he coun y was en o ced, and his was an ac ual oppo uni y o p ac ical
implemen a ion o he ac ual changes in he Law. Con e sely, he changes in he
law di ec ly influenced he success o he p ojec . Thus, e en when he p ojec s a e
unded wi hin a policy and a e aligned wi h Eu opean and na ional p io i ies, hey
seem o ollow o he sou ces o inspi a ion and a e o en de eloped based on he
iden ifica ion o needs and unding in a way ha suppo s hese needs.
The ‘Polico o’ and he ‘À ol a das con e sas ’ a e wo in e es ing examples o
p ojec s ha we e no d i en by op-down measu es and in e en ions. Acco ding o
he in e iewee om he ‘Polico o’ p ojec , his ini ia i e was comple ely bo om-up
and g ounded in local needs:
The p ojec is no specifically coo dina ed wi h na ional o egional policies. I s ands as a
pa allel al e na i e o o he measu es and in e en ions. Howe e , i s s eng h lies in being
ex emely oo ed in he local communi y and e i o y by p o iding ailo -made designs. In
his con ex , i dialogues wi h di e en ins i u ions, including municipal ones, while
es ablishing a collabo a i e pa ne ship (Polico o, I aly).
Likewise, ‘À ol a das con e sas’ has de eloped i s me hodology inspi ed by he
‘Child en’s Pa liamen s’, a me hodology ha aims o acili a e child en’s igh s and
pa icipa ion (Tolson, 2022). This p ojec in es ed in s ong pa ne ship-building
wi h local ins i u ions and expe s on he opic o men al heal h and c ea ed spaces
o you h pa icipa ion. Addi ionally, while he e is a lack o measu es and policies
a ge ing u al a eas (Pe escu e al., 2022), he ‘You h Up No h’ p ojec p o ides an
example o how local o ganiza ions a e add essing u al challenges wi hou he
exis ence o na ional policies di ec ed owa ds young people in u al a eas o u al
NEETs. Howe e , o achie e he aim o con ibu ing o long- e m, sys emic, and
sus ainable change wi h and o young people in he Swedish u al inland, he change
p ocesses o he ‘You h Up No h’ ha e been delibe a ely in eg a ed in o exis ing
and es ablished municipal s uc u es. One specific example o such in eg a ion is he
es ablishmen o a you h coo dina o , one young pe son om he local communi y
who has been employed by he municipali y o p omo e change in line wi h he needs
and wishes o hei pee s.
2 Building B idges: Communi y-Based P ojec s o Pa icipa ion and... 31
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