Tu, Yu-Te
A icle
The ole o g een social beha io in ugal inno a ion
and en ep eneu ial success: The mode a ing impac o
knowledge managemen
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge (JIK)
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Else ie
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Tu, Yu-Te (2024) : The ole o g een social beha io in ugal inno a ion and
en ep eneu ial success: The mode a ing impac o knowledge managemen , Jou nal o Inno a ion
& Knowledge (JIK), ISSN 2444-569X, Else ie , Ams e dam, Vol. 9, Iss. 4, pp. 1-11,
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100566
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The ole o g een social beha io in ugal inno a ion and en ep eneu ial
success: The mode a ing impac o knowledge managemen
Yu-Te Tu
Depa men o Business Adminis a ion, Chihlee Uni e si y o Technology, Taiwan
ARTICLE INFO
A icle His o y:
Recei ed 11 Oc obe 2023
Accep ed 26 Augus 2024
A ailable online 9 No embe 2024
ABSTRACT
En ep eneu ial success has become a necessa y elemen o economic su i al due o he cu en economic
condi ions and unce ain y wo ldwide. Thus, in his esea ch, we explo e g een social beha io ’s impac on
social, echnological, and business inno a ion in a sample o Vie namese manu ac u ing fi ms. Resul s o a
PLS me hodology e eal ha g een social beha io posi i ely impac s he h ee aspec s o inno a ion. The
esea ch aims o find he media ing and mode a ing aspec s o social, echnological, and business inno a ion
and knowledge managemen . The ou comes confi m ha only social and business (excluding echnological)
inno a ion e ec i ely media e he links be ween g een social beha io and en ep eneu ial success whe eas
knowledge managemen is a significan mode a o . Howe e , knowledge managemen insignifican ly mod-
e a es he ela ionship be ween echnological inno a ion and en ep eneu ial success. This esea ch guides
policymake s in making policies ela ed o en ep eneu ial success using g een social beha io , inno a ion,
and knowledge managemen .
© 2024 The Au ho . Published by Else ie España, S.L.U. on behal o Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge. This
is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license
(h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Keywo ds:
Knowledge managemen
Social inno a ion
Technological inno a ion
Business inno a ion
En ep eneu ial success
G een social beha io
JEL Code:
Q55
L26
D80
In oduc ion
En ep eneu ship significan ly d i es social p og ess and eco-
nomic g ow h by b inging new business models, p oduc s, and se -
ices o he ma ke , c ea ing jobs, spu ing inno a ion, and gene a ing
weal h. En ep eneu ial fi ms play a c ucial ole in add essing socie-
al challenges, such as clima e change, po e y, and inequali y (Li e
al., 2020). En ep eneu s ocus on p ofi maximiza ion as well as
en i onmen al and social conside a ions (Amo oso e al., 2018). High
popula ion densi y, de o es a ion, global wa ming, pollu ion, and
ozone laye and na u al esou ce deple ion ha e led o a cu en ly
ongoing en i onmen al c isis. Gas, coal, and oil p oduc ion elease
billions o ons o ca bon dioxide in o he a mosphe e, esul ing in a
huge amoun o g eenhouse gas emissions each yea (Chand e al.,
2022;Sal ia e al., 2019). Go e nmen s, indus ialis s, and nonp ofi
o ganiza ions ecognize he u gen need o emphasize g een ac i i-
ies and sus ainable p ocesses o a sa e plane and human li e. Fi ms
and o ganiza ions ace huge p essu e globally o ocus on en i on-
men al sus ainabili y. As a esul , hey endea o o in eg a e g een
policies ha diminish he nega i e en i onmen al impac s o hei
p oduc s o se ices (Tomisla , 2018). Cus ome s ha e gained
awa eness o o ganic and g een p oduc s and s i e o implemen
g een pu chasing beha io . S akeholde s and pa ne s a e in e es ed
in in es ing in en i onmen - iendly fi ms and ocus on e adica ing
he nega i e en i onmen al impac s o business ac i i ies. As a esul ,
fi ms, pa icula ly en ep eneu ial ones, mo e owa d sus ainabili y
o gain a compe i i e edge. En ep eneu ial fi ms wi h g een s a e-
gies play a c i ical ole in add essing he challenges o clima e change,
esou ce deple ion, and pollu ion because hey in oduce sus ainable
echnologies, se ices, and p oduc s ha educe nega i e en i on-
men al impac s. By ocusing on sus ainabili y, en ep eneu s can con-
se e na u al esou ces o u u e gene a ions, minimize was e, and
suppo a sus ainable en i onmen o human beings (Muo & Azeez,
2019). Mo eo e , hey can ensu e ha hei business en u e no
only p o ides economic benefi s by c ea ing jobs and p omo ing
social equi y bu also helps en i onmen al sus ainabili y. Fi ms wi h
a sus ainable business model a e adap able and esilien , enabling
hem o espond o ma ke demands and ends (Lo fie al., 2018).
O e ime, consume s become socially and en i onmen ally awa e
and a e inc easingly a ac ed o sus ainable businesses. En ep e-
neu ial fi ms wi h sus ainable p ac ices and e hical alues can gain a
compe i i e edge in he ma ke . Due o global p essu e, go e nmen s
wo ldwide a e now ecognizing he significance o sus ainabili y;
hey a e in eg a ing and in oducing policies, incen i es, aining p o-
g ams, and legal flexibili y o encou age and suppo sus ainable
E-mail add ess: [email p o ec ed]
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100566
2444-569X/© 2024 The Au ho . Published by Else ie España, S.L.U. on behal o Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license
(h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100566
Jou nal o Inno a ion
&Knowledge
h ps://www.jou nals.else ie .com/jou nal-o -inno a ion-and-knowledge
en ep eneu ship (Shafie al., 2022;Soom o e al., 2020). Fi ms ha
p e e sus ainabili y ha e an ad an age and hus may ecei e suppo
om go e nmen s, s akeholde s, and o he in es o s in e es ed in
g een business en u es. In addi ion o being a c ucial d i e o social
and economic g ow h, hese fi ms can ea n a compe i i e ad an age
i hey mo e owa d sus ainabili y. This aspec makes hem dis inc
om hei compe i o s. Howe e , o become success ul, en ep e-
neu ial fi ms should conside in e nal and ex e nal ac o s ha a e
significan in business ope a ions. These ac o s include g een social
beha io , social inno a ion, business inno a ion, echnological inno-
a ion, and knowledge managemen (Hu asuhu e al., 2023;Li & Xu,
2022).
G een social beha io e e s o sus ainable and en i onmen ally
esponsible beha io . Socially g een beha io educes he nega i e
en i onmen al e ec s o business ac i i ies, hus p omo ing sus ain-
abili y (S eimikiene, 2023;Va ela-Candamio e al., 2018). Acco d-
ingly, i significan ly con ibu es o minimizing indus ial pollu ion
and was e and p o ec ing plane a y well-being. Technological inno-
a ion is he p ocess o in oducing and de eloping inno a i e and
new echnologies ha no only add ess p oblems bu also imp o e
e ficiency and enhance business ac i i ies by combining o c ea ing
new and aluable solu ions (Chege & Wang, 2020;Khan & Tao, 2022).
I significan ly con ibu es o o ganiza ional success by c ea ing new
oppo uni ies, d i ing p og ess, and dealing wi h challenges such as
ene gy secu i y and clima e change. Fu he mo e, i can enhance p o-
duc i i y, business ope a ions, and economic g ow h. Social inno a-
ion e e s o he implemen a ion o new ideas, p ocesses, and
s a egies ha add ess en i onmen al and social challenges and c e-
a e a posi i e impac h ough inno a i e solu ions o complex p ob-
lems. Non-p ofi o ganiza ions, go e nmen agencies, and social
en e p ises suppo social inno a ion. Thei ac ion in ol es collabo-
a ion be ween a ious s akeholde s o c ea e scalable and sus ain-
able solu ions. Social inno a ion is impo an as i enables fi ms o
de elop e ec i e ways o c ea e posi i e changes and p omo e sus-
ainabili y (Dionisio & de Va gas, 2020;D o sk
y e al., 2023). Mo e-
o e , business inno a ion e e s o c ea ing and implemen ing new
s a egies, ideas, business models, and policies ha enable fi ms o
imp o e hei pe o mance and gain compe i i e ad an age by con-
cen a ing on new ways o doing business o mee ma ke condi ions.
Business inno a ion can ake place in he o m o o ganiza ional,
p oduc , o p ocess inno a ion, which in ol es adap abili y, espon-
si eness, and willingness o change adi ional p ocesses (Lim e al.,
2020). Knowledge managemen in fi ms is he p ocess o c ea ing,
using, sha ing, and managing in o ma ion and knowledge. I helps in
cap u ing, iden i ying, s o ing, and u ilizing knowledge and making i
accessible o employees. Knowledge managemen cul u e enhances
o ganiza ional pe o mance as well as inno a ion and e ec i eness
(Gao e al., 2018). All hese a iables con ibu e o en ep eneu ial
fi ms’success, encou aging hem o mo e owa d sus ainabili y.
The manu ac u ing sec o in Vie nam has an essen ial ole in he
coun y’s economic g ow h, inc easing he employmen a e and
expo s. In 2022, he sec o accoun ed o 24.76 % o he coun y’s
GDP (Fig. 1). As he sec o ’s p oduc ion index inc eased, he pe cen -
age o indi iduals employed in he sec o also inc eased (S a is a,
2024). Vie nam’s manu ac u ing indus y comp ises small and
medium-sized en e p ises and la ge fi ms. En ep eneu ial fi ms in
he manu ac u ing indus y con ibu e o job c ea ion and employ-
men (Le, 2020). In 2020, Vie nam anked 42nd on he global inno a-
ion index among 131 coun ies. This achie emen highligh s he
significan con ibu ion o en ep eneu ial fi ms o inno a ion p og-
ess. Howe e , wi h inc eases in business g ow h, he manu ac u ing
sec o aces challenges, pa icula ly in e ms o he en i onmen al
c isis (Vie namnews, 2020). Vie nam’s manu ac u ing indus y con-
ibu es conside ably o esou ce deple ion, en i onmen al deg ada-
ion, and g eenhouse gas and ca bon dioxide emission educ ion.
En ep eneu ial fi ms mus add ess hese challenges o c ea e a sus-
ainable en i onmen (Canh e al., 2019). Manu ac u ing fi ms in
Vie nam a e unde immense p essu e om he go e nmen o sup-
p ess hei nega i e en i onmen al impac s. Acco dingly, his
esea ch in ends o help hem do so. In his pape , we explo e
en ep eneu ial fi ms in he manu ac u ing indus y o Vie nam o
analyze how o inc ease hei chances o succeeding in he ma ke
Fig. 1. GDP Con ibu ion o Vie nam’s Manu ac u ing Sec o (2015−2022).
Y.-T. Tu Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100566
2
and he ole o g een social beha io in his success. The di ec , medi-
a ing, and mode a ing oles o he a ious ac o s discussed abo e in
he success o en ep eneu ial fi ms a e examined.
The pape is p esen ed in fi e sec ions. Sec ion 1 is he in oduc-
o y sec ion whe e he esea ch gap and con ibu ion a e highligh ed.
Sec ion 2 is a syn hesized li e a u e e iew h ough which he
hypo heses a e o mula ed. Sec ion 3 p esen s he me hodology,
which co e s he da a collec ion, sampling me hod, and s udy popu-
la ion. Sec ion 4 p esen s he da a analysis and esul s o he s udy. In
ligh o he findings, Sec ion 5 p o ides policy implica ions and dis-
cusses he s udy’s limi a ions.
Li e a u e e iew
Resou ce-based iew heo y
The p esen s udy uses an in eg a ed amewo k based on
esou ce-based iew and flow heo ies. The in eg a ed pe spec i e is
bes fi ed as i explains he ac o s ha lead o en ep eneu ial suc-
cess. The p inciples o g ow h ha can be go e ned by an o ganiza-
ion and he pace o g ow h ha i should main ain mus be
iden ified, a he han de e mining whe he i can g ow o no . In
his ega d, Pen ose’s g ound-b eaking wo k on he esou ce-based
iew should be acknowledged (Hameed e al., 2016,2021). The wo k
highligh s he significance o in e nal esou ces in fi m g ow h. Thus,
he absence o lack o such esou ces hinde s he achie emen o he
desi ed g ow h. The esou ce-based iew ocuses on he need o
in e nal esou ces ha gi e a sus ainable compe i i e edge. Resou -
ces a e ela ed o a fi m’s s eng hs and weaknesses (Al a ez & Buse-
ni z, 2001;Ba ney, 1991) and can be angible (such as machine y,
skilled pe sonnel, and capi al) o in angible (such as e ec i e p oce-
du es, b and epu a ion, and ade con ac s). Resou ces can ake
many o ms, including asse s, knowledge, a ibu es, in o ma ion,
capabili ies, and p ocesses, which a e all help ul in alue-c ea ion
s a egies. The li e a u e highligh s h ee ca ego ies o esou ces:
physical, human, and o ganiza ional (Hameed & I an, 2019). G een
en ep eneu ial suppo is linked o sus ainable en ep eneu ial p o-
cesses, which include ac o s, esou ces, and ins i u ional se ings. Yi
(2021) ollows Timmons and Spinelli (2003) a gumen and sugges s
ha esou ce-based heo y emphasizes en ep eneu ial esou ces as
co e ac o s o he su i al and success o s a -ups. In o he wo ds,
en ep eneu ial success elies on a ious kinds o esou ces. The
p esen s udy in eg a es he esou ce-based iew wi h he esou ces
needed o launch g een en u es and make hem success ul, namely,
business, social, and echnological inno a ion, g een social beha io ,
and knowledge managemen .
Flow heo y
Flow heo y explains (Alam e al., 2019;Liao, 2006): s a e in
which people a e so in ensely in ol ed in an ac i i y ha no hing
else seems o ma e ; he expe ience i sel is so enjoyable ha people
will do i e en a g ea cos , o he shee sake o doing i ”(Alam e
al., 2019;Liao, 2006). Flow heo y was ini ially p oposed by Csiks-
zen mihalyi (1990) o explain he concep o mo i a ion. Acco ding
o heo y, flow is a psychological s a e which highligh s “ he peak
eelings o cogni i ely e ficien , mo i a ed, and happy indi iduals”
(Csikszen mihalyi, 1990) This subjec i e expe ience, along wi h mo i-
a ion and pe sonali y, sugges s flow heo y, which o e s insigh in o
in insic mo i a ion which may lead o ele an beha iou . En i on-
men ally mo i a ed indi iduals look o sus ainable oppo uni ies
due o hei g een social beha iou ha can inc ease he chances o
business success (Shi e al., 2020). Th ough en ep eneu ial skills, el-
e an knowledge, and g een beha iou , mo i a ion occu s ha can
lead o en ep eneu ial success (Tom
a
sko
a and Ka
no sk
a, 2022).
Hypo hesis de elopmen
G een social beha io de e mines he ac ions o ganiza ions and
indi iduals ake o supp ess nega i e en i onmen al impac s and
encou age and p omo e sus ainabili y, In con as , echnological
inno a ion e e s o he de elopmen and implemen a ion o inno a-
i e echnologies in he ma ke . Consume demand o eco- iendly
se ices and p oduc s induces fi ms’desi e o de elop inno a i e
echnologies ha minimize was e and a e ene gy e ficien and hus
ha e less en i onmen al impac (Ple ne & Kozlo a, 2022;Va ela-
Candamio e al., 2018). Indus ies’g een beha io c ea es sus ainable
p oduc ion me hods. As a esul , he adop ion o a ci cula economy,
he use o enewable ene gy sou ces, and was e educ ion and ecy-
cling ini ia i es ha e led o he de elopmen o new business models
and echnologies. The wo ld has been expe iencing en i onmen al
challenges due o high emissions, o e eliance on na u al esou ces,
and ozone laye deple ion. Thus, human beings mus ake g een ini-
ia i es. This si ua ion p essu es indus ialis s, go e nmen s, and
fi ms o ackle he en i onmen al c isis. Go e nmen policies and
s a egies a e equi ed o adop g een social beha io ha encou -
ages he implemen a ion o echnological inno a ion (Hud
ako
ae
al., 2023;Song e al., 2019). The e o e, g een social beha io posi-
i ely impac s echnological inno a ion as i p omo es sus ainable
p oduc ion. Acco dingly, we p opose he ollowing hypo hesis:
Hypo hesis 1 (H1). G een social beha io posi i ely impac s echno-
logical inno a ion.
Social inno a ion suppo s he de elopmen o new and inno a-
i e solu ions o add ess social p oblems, such as en i onmen al deg-
ada ion, inequali y, and po e y. These solu ions may be in he o m
o new business models, social p og ams, g een policies, o new ech-
nologies (Wi maye e al., 2019). As he en i onmen al c isis
inc eases due o business ope a ions, fi ms mus adop g een beha -
io as i posi i ely impac s he social inno a ions ha enhance sus-
ainabili y and minimize en i onmen al impac s. Addi ionally, he
use o enewable ene gy sou ces and g een s a egies p omo es he
de elopmen o new business models and inno a i e echnologies
ha u ilize na u al esou ces sus ainably and hus minimize ca bon
emissions. G een social beha io ini ia es social inno a ion h ough
knowledge-sha ing and collabo a ion among o ganiza ions and indi-
iduals. Communi ies and fi ms ha engage in sus ainable and g een
p ac ices can sha e hei expe iences, hus c ea ing new solu ions o
en i onmen al and social issues (Soma e al., 2018;Vainauskien_
e&
Vai kien_
e, 2022). Social inno a ion e e s o he collabo a ion
be ween s akeholde s, non-p ofi o ganiza ions, and go e nmen s. I
ocuses on c ea ing a posi i e en i onmen al impac and imp o ing
he s anda ds o li ing. The e o e, g een social beha io plays a signi -
ican ole in encou aging social inno a ion o p omo e businesses’
sus ainabili y. Acco dingly, he ollowing hypo hesis is o mula ed:
Hypo hesis 2 (H2). G een social beha io posi i ely impac s social
inno a ion.
G een social beha io indica es a company’s o indi idual’s ac ion
o encou age en i onmen al sus ainabili y and e adica e nega i e
impac s, whe eas business inno a ion e e s o fi ms’p ocesses o
in oducing new and c ea i e ideas, me hodologies, and p oduc s o
se ices. The na u al esou ces o he ea h a e anishing a an ala m-
ing a e, and de o es a ion, clima e change, and pollu ion issues a e
inc easingly becoming e iden by he day. Indus ialis s and business
o ganiza ions mus ake he necessa y s eps o ackle hese issues.
G een social beha io significan ly influences business inno a ion
(Ma enda & Sibanda, 2023). Fi ms wi h g een social beha io enable
employees o concen a e on new se ices, p oduc s, a echnologies
ha a e eco- iendly and sus ainable. By adop ing g een p ac ices
and sus ainable ac i i ies in business ope a ions, fi ms can minimize
cos s h ough esou ce and ene gy e ficiency measu es, leading o
p ofi abili y and enhanced business inno a ion (Gao e al., 2021). In
Y.-T. Tu Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100566
3
oday’s wo ld, cus ome s a e awa e o g een p oduc s and se ices
and a e en i onmen ally conscious. They suppo businesses and
b ands wi h a commi men o sus ainabili y. To gain a compe i i e
edge, fi ms need o inno a e hei business ope a ions and in oduce
solu ions o hei business ac i i ies’nega i e en i onmen al impac s.
G een social beha io s imula es inno a ion and c ea i i y by encou -
aging employees o hink di e en ly abou hei wo k ope a ions and
hei abili y o minimize he nega i e en i onmen al impac o hei
se ices o p oduc s. Thus, fi ms and o ganiza ions can emb ace
inno a i e echnologies and edesign p ocesses and ac i i ies o
e adica e ca bon emissions and was e. Thus, we p opose he ollow-
ing hypo hesis:
Hypo hesis (H3). G een social beha io posi i ely impac s business
inno a ion.
The business wo ld is cons an ly changing because o upda ed
echnologies in business ope a ions. As a esul , only hose fi ms ha
in eg a e inno a i e echnologies can su i e. Technological inno a-
ion c ea es new demands and ma ke s o p oduc s and se ices,
hus allowing en ep eneu ial fi ms o de elop new business models
ha ackle en i onmen al issues as well as p o ide sus ainable and
inno a i e solu ions (Lin & Zhu, 2019). En ep eneu s can enhance
hei business ac i i ies and ope a ions by in eg a ing new echno-
logical inno a ions, hus imp o ing hei p oduc i i y and e ficiency.
Au oma ed echnologies ha enhance he bo om line and s eamline
ope a ions can help achie e his a ge . A combina ion o echnologi-
cal inno a ion and g een social beha io will enable en ep eneu ial
fi ms o p oduce new p oduc s and se ices ha mee he en i on-
men al demand and help hem achie e sus ainable and inno a i e
goals. Fu he mo e, h ough echnological inno a ion, en ep eneu -
ial fi ms can scale up hei business ac i i ies o mee indus ial and
cus ome demands. These inno a ions include he use o e-comme ce
and social media o connec o cus ome s globally. Hence, echnologi-
cal inno a ion no only enhances consume expe ience by p o iding
imp o ed se ices and communica ion channels bu also gi es fi ms
a compe i i e edge by imp o ing e ficiency, p oduc i i y, and scal-
abili y and c ea ing new oppo uni ies. Wi h he inc easing en i on-
men al issues, go e nmen s, cus ome s, and policymaking bodies a e
a o ing fi ms ha con ibu e posi i ely o he en i onmen and
educe hei nega i e en i onmen al impac s (AlJinini e al., 2019).
The media ing cha ac e is ics o echnological inno a ion indica e
ha fi ms need o in oduce g een beha io and s a egies in o hei
ope a ions o enhance sus ainabili y h ough he la es echnologies
and hus ensu e success. Acco dingly, he ollowing hypo hesis is o -
mula ed:
Hypo hesis (H4). Technological inno a ion media es he ela ionship
be ween g een social beha io and en ep eneu ial success.
En ep eneu ial fi ms need a ious ac o s o success ul business
ope a ions. In his ega d, social inno a ion is essen ial as i helps
hem in implemen ing and de eloping new s a egies, p ocesses, and
ideas. These new de elopmen s ulfill social needs sus ainably and
inno a i ely and add ess social challenges. Social inno a ion can u -
he help en ep eneu ial fi ms by c ea ing a compe i i e ad an age,
hus p o iding p ofi able se ices and p oduc s wi h posi i e en i-
onmen al impac s. Mo eo e , social inno a ion helps en ep eneu -
ial fi ms imp o e hei epu a ions by s eng hening hei
commi men o social esponsibili y, hence posi i ely influencing he
business wo ld. Th ough social inno a ion, en ep eneu ial fi ms can
add ess social challenges, such as inequali y and en i onmen al deg-
ada ion, helping hem build s ong ela ionships wi h s akeholde s
and con ibu e o socie al imp o emen . Thei g een social beha io
can also assis hem in in oducing socially esponsible and en i on-
men ally sus ainable app oaches and solu ions (Ca be y e al.,
2019). I hey emb ace c ea i e s a egies and p ocesses in hei ope -
a ions o manage he cu en global en i onmen al deg ada ion,
en ep eneu ial fi ms can su i e in he business wo ld. Thus, social
inno a ion no only helps en ep eneu ial fi ms de elop a dis inc i e
posi ion in he ma ke bu also con ibu es o sus ainabili y. Acco d-
ingly, he ollowing hypo hesis is p oposed:
Hypo hesis (H5). Social inno a ion media es he ela ionship
be ween g een social beha io and en ep eneu ial success.
In he cu en e a, businesses should inno a e hei ac i i ies, p o-
cesses, and ope a ions o mee consume demand. Thei manage-
men mus ocus on implemen ing inno a i e policies and s a egies
o become success ul. Business inno a ion can inc ease en ep e-
neu ial fi ms’e ficiency by educing cos s h ough imp o ed p o-
cesses, au oma ion, and new echnologies. Business inno a ions
enable en ep eneu ial fi ms o ollow cu en and u u e ends in
he ma ke , helping hem gain a compe i i e ad an age in he indus-
y. G een social beha io among o ganiza ions and indi iduals helps
hem in eg a e g een policies in o business ope a ions (Demi el e al.,
2019). Business inno a ion also helps imp o e b and image by p e-
sen ing fi ms as inno a o s s ongly commi ed o en i onmen -
iendly p ocesses. This aspec no only a ac s s akeholde s and
in es o s bu also sa isfies cus ome s. Only fi ms ha can adap o
cus ome needs and indus y ends wi h esponsi eness, flexibili y,
and agili y can su i e in he ma ke . These fi ms can s ay compe i-
i e and seize new oppo uni ies, con ibu ing o he de elopmen o
a s ong ela ionship be ween g een social beha io and en ep e-
neu ial fi m success. Thus, he ollowing hypo hesis is p oposed:
Hypo hesis (H6). Business inno a ion media es he ela ionship
be ween g een social beha io and en ep eneu ial fi ms.
Knowledge managemen includes fi ms’p ocesses o c ea ing,
sha ing, and u ilizing knowledge. Wi h p ope knowledge manage-
men , fi ms can use hei knowledge and capabili ies e ficien ly o
enhance hei compe i i eness and pe o mance. They can c ea e and
sha e knowledge and in o ma ion among indi iduals and o ganiza-
ions, helping hem iden i y new imp o emen and inno a ion
oppo uni ies and c ea e a cul u e o con inuous imp o emen and
lea ning. Knowledge managemen cul u e can enable fi ms o imple-
men and in es in inno a i e echnologies ha con ibu e o hei
success. The mode a ing ole o knowledge managemen e e s o he
p ope managemen o knowledge in en ep eneu ial fi ms, hus
enhancing he impac o echnological inno a ion (Ma dani e al.,
2018;Sulis iawan e al., 2022). Th ough a knowledge managemen
cul u e, employees eel acknowledged and empowe ed and can sha e
hei ideas wi h he o ganiza ion. This condi ion helps hem adop
echnological inno a ion. In his e a, en ep eneu ial fi ms can only
achie e p ofi abili y and mee he needs o he business ma ke suc-
cess ully i hey implemen echnological inno a ion in hei business
ope a ions. By adop ing a knowledge managemen cul u e, fi ms can
enhance hei echnological inno a ion, which, in u n, con ibu es o
hei success. Acco dingly, he ollowing hypo hesis is p oposed:
Hypo hesis (H7). Knowledge managemen mode a es he ela ion-
ship be ween echnological inno a ion and en ep eneu ial success.
Social inno a ion e e s o “ he p ocess o in eg a ing new solu-
ions o add ess en i onmen al and social challenges”by unde s and-
ing communi y needs and he impac o p oposed solu ions.
Knowledge managemen cul u e plays a c i ical ole in en ep eneu -
ial fi ms’e ec i e communica ion o hei knowledge and expe i-
ence. Knowledge managemen emphasizes communica ion,
collabo a ion, and con inuous lea ning. En ep eneu ial fi ms wi h
such a cul u e ha e a aluable unde s anding o he en i onmen al
and social challenges hey ace and hus implemen inno a i e and
success ul solu ions. Mo eo e , knowledge managemen helps en e-
p eneu s efine and de elop hei solu ions h ough social inno a-
ion, con ibu ing o hei success (Ali e al., 2020;Chau e al., 2023).
The e o e, he mode a ing ole o knowledge managemen in he
ela ionship be ween en ep eneu ial success and social inno a ion
is c ucial. By in eg a ing knowledge managemen cul u e,
Y.-T. Tu Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100566
4
en ep eneu s can use hei knowledge and in o ma ion o ackle
en i onmen al and social challenges, p omo e sus ainabili y, and c e-
a e a posi i e impac . Acco dingly, he ollowing hypo hesis is p o-
posed:
Hypo hesis (H8). Knowledge managemen mode a es he ela ion-
ship be ween social inno a ion and en ep eneu ial success.
Knowledge managemen plays a significan ole in o ganiza ional
de elopmen . Wi h he apidly changing business en i onmen , fi ms
need o be inno a i e o s ay in compe i ion. En ep eneu ial success
is achie ed by iden i ying new oppo uni ies and main aining and
building success ul models, hus imp o ing decision-making and
minimizing isk (Ma dani e al., 2018;Zhou e al., 2023). Fi ms can
inc ease hei abili y o de elop and inno a e new business models,
p oduc s, and se ices wi h p ope knowledge managemen . Hence,
knowledge managemen significan ly encou ages business inno a-
ion, which enhances en ep eneu ial fi ms’success. Wi h he help o
a knowledge managemen cul u e, fi ms can imp o e hei abili y o
adap o cu en ends, inno a e, and gain long- e m success. Thus,
we p opose he flowing hypo hesis:
Hypo hesis (H9). Knowledge managemen has a posi i e mode a ing
ole in he ela ionship be ween business inno a ion and en ep e-
neu ial success.
Me hodology
This esea ch explo es he e ec i eness o g een social beha io
on social, echnological, and business inno a ion in he p esence o
media o s and a mode a o , namely, social, echnological, and busi-
ness inno a ion and knowledge managemen in he Vie namese
manu ac u ing sec o . The esea che s used p ima y da a collec ed
om manu ac u ing employees, and a iables we e measu ed wi h
i ems adap ed om p e ious li e a u e. G een social beha io , knowl-
edge managemen , en ep eneu ial success, social inno a ion, ech-
nological inno a ion, and business inno a ion we e measu ed wi h
i ems aken om AlGhazali and A sa (2021),Choi e al. (2020),
Vod
a and Flo ea (2019),Hsu e al. (2019),Jean e al. (2010), and Lin e
al. (2010), espec i ely. Appendix A p o ides de ails o hese meas-
u emen s.
The s udy sample was selec ed based on simple andom sampling.
A o al o 538 ques ionnai es we e deli e ed o employees ia email,
o which 294 alid esponses we e ecei ed. These esponses we e
used o da a analysis. PLS me hodology was used o e alua e he
ela ionship as he me hod is sui able o p ima y da a. I o e s
app op ia e ou comes when complex la ge samples a e used (Hai e
al., 2014). The me hodology is based on wo s eps: a measu emen
model and a s uc u al model. The measu emen model ensu es
eliabili y and alidi y h ough disc iminan and con e gen alidi y,
which indica e he co ela ion be ween a iables and be ween i ems,
espec i ely (Hai e al., 2017). Con e gen alidi y is calcula ed ia
C onbach’s alpha, whe e he s anda d alue should be >0.70. Simi-
la ly, composi e eliabili y (CR) should also be >0.70. Fac o loadings
and a e age a iance ex ac ed (AVE) should also be >0.50 (Hai J . e
al., 2020).
Disc iminan alidi y is measu ed by he Fo nell−La cke c i e ion
(Ringle e al., 2015) and finally checked using he he e o ai −mono-
ai (HTMT) a io, o which he alues should be lowe han 0.90
(Hai e al., 2017). The s uc u al model deals wi h he associa ion
be ween a iables (Fig. 2). The - alues should be >1.96, and he p-
alues should be <0.05, showing he significance o he associa ions
(Hai J . e al., 2020).
Resul s and discussion
Resea ch findings
The s udy ou comes indica e he co ela ions be ween he s udy
i ems, showing con e gen alidi y. C onbach’s alpha, CR, and AVE
we e used o examine con e gen alidi y. Con e gen alidi y is
es ablished when alues o CR, C onbach’s alpha, and AVE a e a leas
0.7, 0.6, and 0.5, espec i ely. All he alues p esen ed in Table 1
mee he h eshold c i e ia, hus confi ming con e gen alidi y.
In con as , he Fo nell−La cke c i e ion was used o examine he
disc iminan alidi y. As pe he c i e ia, he fi s alue is g ea e
han he emaining alues in he same column, indica ing a low co -
ela ion be ween a iables. Table 2 p esen s he Fo nell−La cke dis-
c iminan alidi y esul s.
Table 3 p esen s he ou e loadings esul s. As he s udy in ol es
six a iables, he able shows he i ems agains each a iable in hei
espec i e columns. No c oss- o double-loading issue was obse ed
in he ou e loading esul s. Ou e loadings e e o es ima ed
Fig. 2. Theo e ical Model.
Table 1
Cons uc eliabili y and alidi y.
C onbach’s alpha Composi e
eliabili y
( ho_a)
Composi e
eliabili y
( ho_c)
A e age
a iance
ex ac ed
BIN 0.895 0.897 0.896 0.632
ENS 0.905 0.906 0.905 0.657
GSB 0.856 0.858 0.856 0.665
KNM 0.873 0.874 0.873 0.697
SIN 0.929 0.931 0.929 0.725
TIN 0.819 0.825 0.819 0.603
Y.-T. Tu Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100566
5
associa ions in he eflec i e measu emen model and explain he
absolu e con ibu ion o an i em o i s assigned cons uc .
Disc iminan alidi y was examined using c oss-loadings, and he
alues de e mine whe he he linkages wi h he cons uc a e la ge
han he linkages wi h o he cons uc s. These figu es indica e a low
co ela ion be ween he a iables. Table 4 p o ides he figu es.
Finally, disc iminan alidi y was checked using he HTMT a io.
The ou come alues a e lowe han 0.90, indica ing a low co ela ion
be ween he a iables. Table 5 p o ides he figu es.
Table 6 p esen s he esul s o he model fi ness es . In he p es-
en s udy, he esea che s assessed model fi ness o measu e he dis-
c epancies be ween he obse ed and model-implied co ela ion
ma ices. The esul s indica e ha he sa u a ed and es ima ed alues
o model fi ness mee he h eshold c i e ia. The model is fi , indica -
ing ha pa h analysis can be pe o med.
The esea ch examines he di ec associa ion o he a iables
using pa h analysis. The ou comes in Table 7 e eal ha g een social
beha io posi i ely impac s social, echnological, and business inno-
a ion, hus suppo ing H1−H3 (Fig. 3).
Then, he esea ch examines he indi ec associa ion using pa h
analysis. The ou comes in Table 8 e eal ha social and business
inno a ion significan ly media e he ela ionship be ween g een
social beha io and en ep eneu ial success. The e o e, H5 and H6
a e accep ed. The media ion o echnological inno a ion in he ela-
ionship be ween g een social beha io and en ep eneu ial success
is insignifican , hus ejec ing H4. The ou comes e eal ha
knowledge managemen significan ly mode a es he ela ionship
be ween social and business inno a ion and en ep eneu ial success
in he manu ac u ing indus y o Vie nam, hus accep ing H8 and H9.
Knowledge managemen insignifican ly mode a es he ela ionship
be ween echnological inno a ion and en ep eneu ial success.
The e o e, H7 is ejec ed (see Fig. 4).
Discussion
The esul s confi m ha g een social beha io is posi i ely ela ed
o echnological inno a ion. G een social beha io e e s o he posi-
i e beha io o employees, s akeholde s, and o ganiza ions aimed a
minimizing nega i e en i onmen al impac s. In he con ex o he
manu ac u ing sec o o Vie nam, his s udy indica es ha g een
social beha io plays a c ucial ole in he eme gence o echnological
inno a ion. G een beha io leads o he de elopmen o inno a i e
and c ea i e solu ions and echnologies ha help minimize cos s,
enhance business ope a ion e ficiency, and p omo e sus ainabili y.
The analysis shows ha g een social beha io posi i ely impac s
social inno a ion in he manu ac u ing indus y o Vie nam. A p e i-
ous s udy by Hoppe and De V ies (2018) also de e mines he ole o
social inno a ion. G een social beha io encou ages o ganiza ions o
p omo e sus ainable g een p ac ices h ough social inno a ion. Social
inno a ion helps deal wi h en i onmen al challenges h ough c ea-
i e solu ions and ideas. As he wo ld aces huge sus ainabili y chal-
lenges, fi ms need o ackle he en i onmen al c isis, and g een social
beha io plays a c ucial ole. To add ess en i onmen al challenges,
fi ms mus adop g een beha io . P e ious s udies, such as L€
udeke-
F eund e al. (2018), indica e ha g een o sus ainable beha io p o-
mo es business inno a ion. Wi h he cons an changes in he busi-
ness wo ld, only hose fi ms ha inno a e hei ope a ions acco ding
o ma ke ends will su i e. G een social beha io equi es inno a-
i e and new ideas and solu ions o add ess he indus ial sus ainabil-
i y c isis, and fi ms should emb ace changes o gain a compe i i e
edge. The esul s lead us o conclude ha fi ms wi h g een social
beha io p omo e and suppo inno a ions in business ope a ions.
Table 2
Fo nell−La cke disc iminan alidi y esul s.
BIN ENS GSB KNM SIN TIN
BIN 0.795
ENS 0.777 0.811
GSB 0.443 0.482 0.815
KNM 0.73 0.808 0.5 0.835
SIN 0.706 0.627 0.439 0.609 0.851
TIN 0.534 0.497 0.403 0.436 0.415 0.777
Table 3
Ou e loadings.
BIN ENS GSB KNM SIN TIN KNM £SIN KNM £TIN KNM £BIN
BIN1 0.764
BIN2 0.746
BIN3 0.783
BIN4 0.847
BIN5 0.83
ENS1 0.802
ENS2 0.824
ENS3 0.794
ENS4 0.773
ENS5 0.858
GSB1 0.863
GSB2 0.814
GSB3 0.766
KNM1 0.816
KNM2 0.853
KNM3 0.835
SIN1 0.856
SIN2 0.85
SIN3 0.791
SIN4 0.854
SIN5 0.902
TIN1 0.852
TIN2 0.754
TIN3 0.718
KNM £SIN 1
KNM £BIN 1
KNM £TIN 1
Y.-T. Tu Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100566
6
The media ion esul s show ha echnological inno a ion is an
insignifican media o in he ela ionship be ween g een social
beha io and en ep eneu ial success. Business and social inno a ion
a e ound o be significan media o s in he ela ionship be ween
g een social beha io and en ep eneu ial success. The esul s con-
fi m ha social inno a ion is a significan media o . Eichle and
Schwa z (2019) also indica e ha sus ainable beha io p omo es
social inno a ion, imp o ing fi m pe o mance. Social inno a ion
leads o he de elopmen o c ea i e and inno a i e solu ions o
Table 4
C oss-loading esul s.
BIN ENS GSB KNM SIN TIN KNM £SIN KNM £TIN KNM £BIN
BIN1 0.764 0.585 0.355 0.554 0.607 0.413 0.29 0.113 0.225
BIN2 0.746 0.594 0.304 0.534 0.521 0.416 0.247 0.082 0.204
BIN3 0.783 0.603 0.356 0.562 0.529 0.362 0.243 0.099 0.16
BIN4 0.847 0.656 0.379 0.65 0.586 0.465 0.248 0.12 0.213
BIN5 0.83 0.647 0.364 0.597 0.566 0.465 0.25 0.15 0.172
ENS1 0.643 0.802 0.384 0.65 0.471 0.408 0.342 0.128 0.329
ENS2 0.651 0.824 0.403 0.662 0.537 0.368 0.309 0.136 0.33
ENS3 0.613 0.794 0.389 0.641 0.491 0.411 0.327 0.175 0.391
ENS4 0.585 0.773 0.352 0.64 0.474 0.398 0.267 0.158 0.35
ENS5 0.655 0.858 0.42 0.682 0.562 0.43 0.324 0.144 0.386
GSB1 0.391 0.441 0.863 0.459 0.365 0.355 0.138 0.031 0.181
GSB2 0.36 0.368 0.814 0.352 0.354 0.335 0.074 0.06 0.163
GSB3 0.331 0.366 0.766 0.41 0.357 0.295 0.076 0.06 0.158
KNM1 0.573 0.66 0.412 0.816 0.499 0.3 0.32 0.149 0.271
KNM2 0.65 0.689 0.431 0.853 0.539 0.404 0.371 0.222 0.338
KNM3 0.605 0.675 0.41 0.835 0.486 0.387 0.377 0.234 0.306
SIN1 0.577 0.508 0.419 0.506 0.856 0.348 0.211 0.094 0.212
SIN2 0.579 0.532 0.374 0.523 0.85 0.366 0.273 0.113 0.274
SIN3 0.567 0.517 0.315 0.487 0.791 0.328 0.228 0.113 0.256
SIN4 0.609 0.539 0.369 0.514 0.854 0.359 0.209 0.076 0.216
SIN5 0.672 0.57 0.39 0.56 0.902 0.364 0.248 0.101 0.248
TIN1 0.445 0.411 0.361 0.369 0.323 0.852 0.11 0.187 0.137
TIN2 0.429 0.388 0.286 0.36 0.333 0.754 0.088 0.168 0.095
TIN3 0.369 0.358 0.288 0.284 0.313 0.718 0.118 0.158 0.107
KNM £SIN 0.32 0.387 0.119 0.427 0.275 0.14 1 0.386 0.753
KNM £BIN 0.25 0.441 0.206 0.366 0.283 0.15 0.753 0.372 1
KNM £TIN
0.14 0.183 0.061 0.242 0.116 0.22 0.386 1 0.372
Table 5
He e o ai −mono ai a io esul s.
Sa u a ed model Es ima ed model
SRMR 0.035 0.194
d_ULS 0.376 11.299
d_G 0.486 0.772
Chi-squa e 742.261 1102.755
NFI 0.871 0.809
Table 6
Model fi ness es esul s.
BIN ENS GSB KNM SIN TIN KNM £SIN KNM £TIN KNM £BIN
BIN
ENS 0.778
GSB 0.442 0.48
KNM 0.73 0.809 0.5
SIN 0.707 0.626 0.439 0.609
TIN 0.534 0.498 0.401 0.435 0.417
KNM £SIN 0.322 0.387 0.118 0.427 0.275 0.136
KNM £TIN 0.142 0.183 0.062 0.242 0.117 0.22 0.386
KNM £BIN 0.246 0.441 0.205 0.366 0.283 0.146 0.753 0.372
Table 7
Di ec pa h analysis.
O iginal sample (O) Sample mean (M) S anda d de ia ion (STDEV) T-s a is ic (|O/STDEV|) P- alue
GSB !BIN 0.379 0.378 0.052 7.313 0
GSB !SIN 0.404 0.405 0.055 7.285 0
GSB !TIN 0.334 0.333 0.053 6.273 0
KNM £SIN !ENS 0.108 0.11 0.049 2.221 0.027
KNM £TIN !ENS 0.031 0.03 0.041 0.771 0.441
KNM £BIN !ENS 0.269 0.269 0.051 5.257 0
Y.-T. Tu Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100566
7
Fig. 3. Measu emen Assessmen Model.
Table 8
Specific indi ec e ec .
O iginal sample (O) Sample mean (M) S anda d de ia ion (STDEV) T-s a is ic (|O/STDEV|) P- alue
GSB !BIN !ENS 0.128 0.126 0.031 4.184 0
GSB !SIN !ENS 0.044 0.044 0.021 2.084 0.038
GSB !TIN !ENS 0.023 0.023 0.016 1.486 0.138
Fig. 4. S uc u al Assessmen Model.
Y.-T. Tu Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100566
8
