Ci il and En i onmen al Enginee ing
Vol. 16, Issue 2, 360-369, DOI: 10.2478/cee-2020-0036
ASSESSMENT OF THE SUMMER THERMAL
STABILITY OF THE ATTIC ROOM USING TWO
DIFFERENT SOFTWARE
Ka eřina STEJSKALOVÁ
1,*
, Nikola VAVŘÍNOVÁ
1
1
Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, VSB-Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, Lud íka Podéš ě 1875/17, 708 00
Os a a-Po uba, Czech Republic.
*
co esponding au ho : ka e ina.s ejskalo a@ sb.cz.
1 In oduc ion
In wa m-summe humid con inen al clima e, which is ypical o he Czech Republic, buildings
a e designed in e ms o hea loss in win e o ensu e a educ ion in hea ing cos s. This leads o
imp o ed he mal insula ion p ope ies o he building en elope and i s igh ness. Howe e , due o
clima e change in ecen yea s, we can assume ha he e will be mo e opical days in he summe
mon hs in he wo ld and ou clima e zone. Fo his eason, mo e a en ion should be paid o he opic
o oom o e hea ing in he summe mon hs and we should ocus on inding long- e m e icien
solu ions o p o ec hese ooms.
O all pa s o he building, his opic is mos ele an o he a ic space. Li ing unde a sloping
oo has an inimi able a mosphe e, bu on ho days, he e may be unbea able hea . I is because o he
sola adia ion inciden on a building en elope, which is pa ly e lec ed and pa ly abso bed by
su aces o he opaque elemen s o he en elope. The sha e o sola adia ion abso bed depends on
he sola abso p i i y o he wall su ace. The hea om sola ene gy is nowadays, hanks o good
he mal insula ion and he high he mal capaci y o buildings, apped wi hin i and canno “ge ou ”
na u ally [2]. The e ec o sola adia ion on he s uc u e is in luenced by clima ic condi ions [3] and by
he loca ion o he building. I is di e en i he building is comple ely shaded o ully exposed o
inciden sola adia ion. I also depends i he building is loca ed in he ci y, in he subu bs o he
coun yside.
P ope design o he building is necessa y o p e en o e hea ing o he in e io du ing he
summe mon hs and o ensu e he mal com o o people in he ooms. One solu ion is he use o ai
condi ioning in he building. The disad an age is he associa ed ene gy consump ion o ai
condi ioning ope a ion, which o cou se ha ms he en i onmen . Chwieduk [2] used nume ical
simula ions o he dynamics o a building and i s su oundings o c ea e se e al pa e ns o he
hea ing/cooling demand. The esul s show ha a ic apa men s acing he ou p incipal di ec ions can
need nea ly wo imes mo e cooling ene gy han hea ing ene gy in a high la i ude coun y.
Besides, he inc ease in glazed a eas in buildings hu s he he mal s abili y in he ooms du ing
he summe . These a eas lead o signi ican hea gains. The in ensi y o he insola ion o hese a eas
depends on he o ien a ion owa ds he ca dinal poin s. The ac is ha a skyligh will ha e highe hea
Abs ac
This pape p esen s he calcula ions o he summe he mal s abili y o
a c i ical oom o he gi en building. In his case, he c i ical oom o
he building is an a ic oom. Using wo di e en so wa e (SIMULACE
and DesignBuilde ), he summe he mal s abili y o he a ic oom
was e alua ed acco ding o he Czech s anda d ČSN 73 0540-2 [1].
This s anda d compa es he calcula ed and equi ed alue o he
maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod. The esul s om
bo h so wa e we e compa ed wi h he Czech s anda d and also wi h
each o he . The esul ing empe a u e cou ses in he in e io di e by
a ew Celsius deg ees. In conclusion, he causes o di e en esul s
a e discussed as well as he ad an ages and disad an ages o bo h
so wa e.
Keywo ds:
SIMULACE;
DesignBuilde ;
The mal s abili y;
O e hea ing;
A ic oom.
Ci il and En i onmen al Enginee ing
Vol. 16, Issue 2, 360-369
gains han a e ical window wi h he same pa ame e s. One o he possible p o ec ions o e ical
windows is he applica ion o ex e nal ixed shading de ices. Aldawoud [4] explained how o educe
hea gains h ough windows hanks o hese ex e nal ixed shading de ices. I is also possible o use
he elec och omic glass, known as sma glass, which can egula e he sola gains en e ing a space,
usually by in ing. This glazing echnology can change he physical cha ac e is ics o glazing in
esponse o ex e nal condi ions [4]. Long e al. [5] compa ed he p ope ies o h ee ypes o glazing
and hei impac on he he mal p ope ies o he oom. In his s udy, hey combined he VO
2
ilm and
double-glazed window o o m a VO
2
double window. Oli ie i e al. [6] we e ocused on he in eg a ion
o STPV (semi- anspa en pho o ol aic) elemen s. The esul s show ha o in e media e and la ge
acade opening, he ene gy-sa ing po en ial p o ided by he STPV solu ions is be ween 18 % and
59 % compa ed o he e e ence glass.
The applica ion o inno a i e s o age ma e ials - Phase Change Ma e ials (PCMs) in eg a ed
in o building en elope s uc u e o di e en in e nal elemen s can also be a sui able measu e agains
o e hea ing in he summe . By in eg a ing hese ma e ials in o ligh weigh s uc u es, hei hea
s o age capaci y inc eases due o he use o la en hea as hei phase changes. The e ec o PCMs
on he he mal s abili y o a oom can be posi i e h oughou he yea . F om he expe imen al
measu emen s in [7], we can see he e ec o PCMs in eg a ion on he in e io empe a u e o he a ic
oom. As shown by Sajjadian e al. [8], an app op ia e le el o PCM wi h a sui able inco po a ion
mechanism in he building s uc u e has signi ican ad an ages o esiden ial buildings in e ms o
educing he o al discom o hou s and cooling ene gy loads. Bečko ský e al. [9] in es iga ed he
impac o using PCMs in ligh weigh building s uc u es. They desc ibe how hese ma e ials eac
h oughou he yea and how hey a ec he summe he mal s abili y o a oom.
The co ec design o he oo s uc u e is also impo an . The oo su ounding he a ic oom
has a la ge a ea di ec ly exposed o inciden sola adia ion. The e o e, he p ope ies o he oo
(colo , e lec ion) a e e y impo an o how much hea om he sola adia ion en e s he a ic. Al-
Obaidi e al. [10] s a ed ha he empe a u e o no mal da k oo s eaches 66 °C o mo e du ing ho
days. In con as , a e lec i e oo in simila en i onmen al condi ions emains app oxima ely 28 °C
coole . Thei Inno a i e Roo ing Sys em (IRS) is designed by using glazing echnology
(polyca bona e), pigmen echnique ( e lec i e and adia i e) as well as he en ila ion p ocess (hyb id
u bine en ila o ) applied in he a ic zone o ep esen a new model o sus ainable oo ing design.
The IRS was able o educe he indoo ai empe a u e compa ed wi h a con en ional oo ing sys em
by app oxima ely 2.1 °C unde dayligh condi ions. Pisello e al. [11] explo ed he same issue on a
building in I aly. They compa ed a oo co e ed wi h adi ional “ho ” b own-colo ed b ick iles and a
oo co e ed wi h inno a i e “cool” ligh -colo ed clay iles. Amo nlee akul e al. [12] in es iga ed he
he mal p ope ies and hea gain educ ion o a new oo ile design called Ven ila ed Roo Tile (VRT)
compa ed wi h an o dina y co uga ed conc e e oo ile (CCR). The VRT ile was composed o uppe
cemen pla e and lowe cemen pla e, wi h an ai gap o 3 cm be ween he pla es. Expe imen al esul s
showed ha he oom empe a u e wi h VRT was abou 1.41 °C lowe han wi h CCR o a e age
empe a u e. Fe ei a e al. [13] applied a e lec i e ba ie wi h low emissi i y ( adian ba ie ) unde a
me al oo . Thei simula ions indica e ha he use o adian ba ie s in he oo con ibu es o he
egula ion o he a ic empe a u e and p e en s i om o e hea ing. These solu ions o educe hea
gains h ough he building en elope and hus educe ene gy cos s associa ed wi h ai condi ioning
ope a ion can be called passi e cooling s a egies. Lapisa e al. [14] ocused on he e ec i eness o
h ee passi e cooling echniques on oo le el (cool oo coa ing, he mal insula ion on he ceiling and
na u al ai en ila ion in he a ic zone) and hei esul s showed ha he simul aneous implemen a ion
o hese passi e cooling echniques can signi ican ly educe o e hea ing and he mal discom o by
37.3 % in Indonesia, a opical egion.
This pape shows he compa ison o he esul s o he summe he mal s abili y calcula ion o
he a ic oom. The oom was assessed by wo so wa e, SIMULACE so wa e using an analy ical
calcula ion me hod and DesignBuilde so wa e, which uses a dynamic simula ion me hod o
de e mine summe he mal s abili y. Němeček e al. [15] also p esen simula ion esul s o summe
o e hea ing using he so wa e SIMULACE and he dynamic me hod in he so wa e BSim. Mo á ko á
[16] e alua ed he esul s o he summe he mal s abili y in KOMFORT - DEKSOFT and
DesignBuilde so wa e. Howe e , an olde compu a ion me hod in SIMULACE and KOMFORT was
used in hese wo esea ches. The so wa e DesignBuilde is widely used in he wo ld. Chowdhu y e
al. [17] used DesignBuilde o e alua e he he mal com o o a building in Aus alia. Zhang e al. [18]
p esen he he mal com o o he school building in no he n China. They used DesignBuilde o
calcula e he building cooling demand while aking in o accoun he local ou doo he mal condi ions.
Ci il and En i onmen al Enginee ing
Vol. 16, Issue 2, 360-369
S achan e al. [19] published model empi ical alida ion o se e al so wa e ools using dynamic
simula ions, including Ene gyPlus in DesignBuilde . S oboda [20] p esen s he alida ion o
SIMULACE so wa e acco ding o ASHRAE 140.
To assess his issue, he equi emen s o summe he mal s abili y in he Czech Republic a e
gi en by he manda o y s anda d ČSN 73 0540-2 [1]. The s anda d compa es he calcula ed and
equi ed alues o he maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod. Acco ding o he Czech
s anda d ČSN 73 0540-2 [1], o nonp oduc i e buildings, he maximum in e nal empe a u e in he
summe pe iod mus no exceed he equi ed alue θ
ai,max,N
= 27 °C.
This esea ch aimed o assess he summe he mal s abili y in he chosen a ic oom, which is
loca ed in he Ins i u e o Building S uc u es a he B no Uni e si y o Technology in B no in he Czech
Republic. Subsequen ly, he esul s ob ained by di e en calcula ion me hods in wo di e en so wa e
we e compa ed o see how much hey would di e and how i can a ec he design o he building. We
also e alua ed he complexi y and accu acy o en e ing he indi idual pa ame e s o he oom and he
whole building. Finally, he ad an ages and disad an ages o bo h so wa e a e summa ized.
2 S anda d equi emen s
The equi emen s o he assessmen o summe he mal s abili y in he Czech Republic a e
gi en by he s anda d ČSN 73 0540-2 [1]. The assessmen is based on he compa ison o he
maximum in e nal empe a u e in he c i ical oom in he summe pe iod θ
ai,max
wi h he equi ed alue
acco ding o he s anda d θ
ai,max,N
[1].

,
 ≤  
,,
. (1)
The c i ical oom in he building is he one wi h he la ges a ea o openings di ec ly exposed o
he sun o ien ed o he W, SW, S, SE, E in ela ion o he loo a ea. The e alua ion is ca ied ou
wi hou in e nal gains in he oom [1].
The equi ed alue o he maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod θ
ai,max,N
is 27 °C
o non-p oduc i e buildings. Fo esiden ial buildings, he s anda d pe mi s exceeding he equi ed
alue by 2 °C o a con inuous pe iod o no mo e han 2 hou s du ing he s anda d day, i he in es o
ag ees [1].
The s anda d also includes equi emen s o buildings wi h ai condi ioning, in which he
maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod θ
ai,max
mus no exceed 32 °C. In his case, he
calcula ion does no include he cooling ou pu o he ai condi ione no he hea gains om he
echnological equipmen [1].
In bo h so wa e, he summe he mal s abili y was e alua ed acco ding o Czech s anda ds.
This means ha he calcula ion was made o he s anda d day o Augus 21 and wi hou hea gains.
Fig. 1 shows he cou se o empe a u e in he ex e io o he s anda d day, and also he daily ai
exchange was se in a na u ally en ila ed oom acco ding o Fig. 1. This cou se co esponds o one
window 50 % open a nigh and 10 % du ing he day acco ding o he Czech s anda d ČSN 73 0540-3
[21].
Fig. 1: Ai empe a u e in ex e io and ai exchange a e acco ding o ČSN 73 0540-3 [21].
Ci il and En i onmen al Enginee ing
Vol. 16, Issue 2, 360-369
The Czech s anda d ČSN 73 0540-4 [22] speci ies he calcula ion me hod o he summe
he mal s abili y o a oom and allows he use o simpli ied o mo e accu a e p ocedu es in compliance
wi h de ined s anda ds. The calcula ion p ocedu es also include so wa e algo i hms o e alua ing he
complex dynamic he mal beha io o buildings.
3 Building desc ip ion
The Ins i u e o Building S uc u es a he B no Uni e si y o Technology in B no in he Czech
Republic was chosen o his esea ch. The building has a basemen , ou loo s, and a hip oo . Two
ooms we e buil in he unhea ed a ic space. The c i ical oom in his building is one o hese a ic
ooms, which is adjacen o he ex e io in he sou hwes , o he o he a ic oom in he sou heas , and
o he unhea ed a ic in he no hwes and no heas . The load-bea ing s uc u e is made o s eel
p o iles jacke ed wi h gypsum plas e boa ds. The he mal insula ion o each wall and ceiling a e made
o ib ous he mal insula ion wi h a hickness o 200 mm. The e is one skyligh acing sou hwes
wi hou shading de ices [23]. The oo s uc u e o he unhea ed a ic consis s only o clay iles. Fig. 2
shows he loo plan and sec ion o he oom wi h i s dimensions.
Fig. 2: Floo plan and sec ion o he oom.
4 Me hods
Two so wa e we e selec ed o assess summe he mal s abili y. The i s so wa e is
SIMULACE [24], which uses an analy ical app oach o calcula e he maximum in e nal empe a u e in
he summe pe iod. The second so wa e is DesignBuilde [25], which uses dynamic simula ions. In
his case, he gi en building is modeled in 3D, allowing a mo e de ailed calcula ion.
4.1 SIMULACE
SIMULACE so wa e is mos o en used in he Czech Republic o e alua e summe he mal
s abili y. This so wa e uses he gene al hou ly calcula ion me hod acco ding o clause 6.5.6 o EN ISO
52016-1 [26] o calcula e he oom's esponse o he he mal load in he summe . The basis o his
me hod is a epea ed compila ion and solu ion o he sys em o balance equa ions in indi idual hou s
o he day. This sys em a ises g adually om ene gy balances (balance be ween hea gains and
losses) a he le el o [20]:
• he zone acco ding o (38) in EN ISO 52016-1 [26];
• he in e nal su aces o all building en elope s uc u es acco ding o (39) in EN ISO 52016-1
[26]; • he ex e nal su aces o all building en elope s uc u es acco ding o (41) in EN ISO 52016-1
[26]; • and he in e nal nodal poin s in opaque s uc u es acco ding o (40) in EN ISO 52016-1 [26].
SIMULACE so wa e uses only a simpli ied calcula ion me hod. I is no possible o include he
whole building in one calcula ion, bu only one oom. I we a e no su e which oom is c i ical, i is
necessa y o pe o m he calcula ion o mo e ooms.
Ci il and En i onmen al Enginee ing
Vol. 16, Issue 2, 360-369
The alues o he global ho izon al sola adia ion we e se in SIMULACE so wa e by Table H.8
o he ČSN 73 0540-3 [21]. En e ing he en i onmen pa ame e s o an unhea ed a ic as an adjacen
oom is p oblema ic in his so wa e. I was necessa y o en e i as an ex e nal en i onmen wi h a
known empe a u e cou se. The e o e, he simula ion o en i onmen al pa ame e s in he unhea ed
a ic was i s calcula ed, and he esul s we e hen used as a bounda y condi ion o he in es iga ed
zone. The empe a u e in he unhea ed a ic anges om 11 o 58 °C, which co esponds o he no mal
empe a u e cou se in he simila a ic spaces. When modeling a shading building, i is only possible o
en e he dis ance and supe ele a ion o he shading building and he azimu hs o he cen e o he
e ical window om he le and igh bounda ies o he shading building [20]. I is no possible o
de ine mo e complex shapes o shading buildings, and i is also p oblema ic o ake skyligh s in o
accoun .
4.2 DesignBuilde
The second so wa e is DesignBuilde , which is no so widesp ead in he Czech Republic. In
his so wa e, no only he indi idual pa ame e s o he s uc u es a e en e ed, bu also he en i e
building, including he su ounding shading buildings, is modeled in de ail. In he model, we hen un
he dynamic simula ions in he Ene gyPlus in e ace. Ene gyPlus is an ene gy analysis and he mal
load simula ion p og am. Based on a use ’s desc ip ion o a building, Ene gyPlus will calcula e he
hea ing and cooling loads necessa y o main ain he mal con ol se poin s, condi ions h oughou a
seconda y HVAC sys em and coil loads, and he ene gy consump ion o p ima y plan equipmen as
well as many o he simula ion de ails ha a e necessa y o e i y ha he simula ion is pe o ming as
he ac ual building would [27].
DesignBuilde is B i ish so wa e, bu i s se ings can be modi ied o calcula e acco ding o
Czech s anda ds. The applica ions o his so wa e a e wide, bu in his esea ch, we we e only
in e es ed in empe a u es in he c i ical a ic oom du ing he s anda d day.
The en i e building, including he su ounding buildings ha shade he a ic oom, was modeled
in DesignBuilde so wa e. The building model is shown in g ay in Fig. 3. The shading building is
pu ple. Fig. 4 shows he loo plan o he modeled a ic.
Fig. 3: 3D model o he gi en building. Fig. 4: Floo plan o he a ic.
Fi s , he co ec ness o he 3D building model was assessed. The measu ed and calcula ed
indoo ai empe a u e alues we e compa ed. Be ween June 8 and June 15, 2019, measu emen s o
indoo ai empe a u e in he a ic oom we e pe o med using he globe he mome e Ahlbo n. The
ex e io empe a u e was eco ded using he shielded digi al he mome e o he TUBO wea he
s a ion [28] also loca ed a he B no Uni e si y o Technology. Measu ed alues o he ou doo
en i onmen in he gi en pe iod we e se in he DesignBuilde so wa e and simula ion was s a ed.
Fig. 5 shows he alues measu ed in he a ic oom and he alues calcula ed in he DesignBuilde
so wa e. The model was c ea ed co ec ly.

Ci il and En i onmen al Enginee ing
Vol. 16, Issue 2, 360-369
Fig. 5: Co ec ness o he model.
Fo he simula ion, wo ime s eps pe hou we e se in he DesignBuilde so wa e. Fo he sky
simula ion in Summe Design Wea he Da a, he sola model ASHRAE Clea Sky wi h sky clea ness
1.000 was used. The alues o he global sola adia ion o his sola model mos co espond wi h he
alues in Table H.8 o he ČSN 73 0540-3 [21].
5 Resul s and discussion
5.1 SIMULACE
The pa ame e s o he a ic oom, he pa ame e s o he ooms adjacen o his oom we e
en e ed in he SIMULACE so wa e and he maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod was
calcula ed. The esul s a e shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6: Ai empe a u e in in e io calcula ed in SIMULACE.
The maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod in he gi en oom calcula ed in
SIMULACE is 38.94 °C. The equi ed alue acco ding o ČSN 73 0540-2 [1] is 27 °C. The oom does
no mee he equi emen o he s anda d; i will be necessa y o design sui able shading de ices and
possibly ai condi ioning.
5.2 DesignBuilde
A e assessing he co ec ness o he model, he s anda d day condi ions we e se in he
so wa e acco ding o he Czech s anda d ČSN 73 0540-3 [21]. Then, a simula ion o Augus 21 was
s a ed. The simula ion esul s a e shown in Fig. 7.
Ci il and En i onmen al Enginee ing
Vol. 16, Issue 2, 360-369
Fig. 7: Ai empe a u e in in e io calcula ed in DesignBuilde .
The maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod in he gi en oom calcula ed in
DesignBuilde is 35.31 °C. The equi ed alue acco ding o ČSN 73 0540-2 [1] is 27 °C. The oom also
does no mee he equi emen o he s anda d; i will be necessa y o design sui able shading de ices.
I was ound ha he a ic oom wi hou shading de ices did no mee he s anda d equi emen
in ei he case. Howe e , by calcula ing wi h dynamic simula ion in DesignBuilde , we ob ained mo e
a o able esul s. The di e ence in he calcula ed alues is 3.63 °C. Table 1 shows he maximum
in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod in he gi en oom.
Table 1: The maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod θ
ai,max
.
Maximum in e nal empe a u e in he
summe pe iod θ
ai,max
Requi ed alue o maximum in e nal
empe a u e in he summe pe iod θ
ai,max,N
SIMULACE 38.94 °C 27 °C
DesignBuilde 35.31 °C
The esul s ob ained om bo h so wa e indica e he di e ence in empe a u e cou se du ing he
s anda d day. Fig. 8 shows he cu es ob ained om bo h so wa e and i is ob ious ha he cu e
ob ained om he SIMULACE so wa e eaches highe alues.
Fig. 8: Compa ison o esul s om bo h so wa e.
Fig. 8 shows ha he indoo ai empe a u e in he mo ning is e y simila acco ding o bo h
calcula ions. In he a e noon, he cu es s a o di e by se e al °C and du ing he nigh , hey
app oach each o he again. A small di e ence can be caused by a simpli ied way o en e ing shading
buildings in he SIMULACE so wa e. Due o he o ien a ion o he a ic oom o he sou hwes and he
Ci il and En i onmen al Enginee ing
Vol. 16, Issue 2, 360-369
small supe ele a ion o he shading building, his di e ence will no become e iden un il he e ening.
The di e ence in ai empe a u es in he in e io du ing he day can be caused by he pa ame e s o
he adjacen unhea ed a ic ha su ounds he a ic oom om se e al sides. In he SIMULACE
so wa e, only app oxima e alues o empe a u es in he unhea ed a ic we e en e ed, de e mined
hanks o he simula ion o he unhea ed a ic space. Since in he SIMULACE so wa e, we calcula e
se e al spaces wi h unknown empe a u e cou ses, i is di icul o de e mine how hey will in luence
each o he . The e o e, when modeling he en i e building in DesignBuilde so wa e, he cou se o ai
empe a u es in he unhea ed a ic is mo e ealis ic. The di e ence in he esul s will also be caused by
a simpli ied calcula ion me hod and simpli ied pa ame e en y in he SIMULACE so wa e. The e o e,
he esul s o he SIMULACE so wa e can be expec ed o be sa e .
Fig. 8 also shows a compa ison o sola gain adia ion. The SIMULACE so wa e uses he
alues o he global ho izon al sola adia ion by Table H.8 o he ČSN 73 0540-3 [21]. The
DesignBuilde so wa e uses he ASHRAE Clea Sky sola model. I can be seen ha bo h cou ses a e
e y simila . The en i e cu e om DesignBuilde so wa e is shi ed sligh ly o he le . Only i he
c i ical oom is o ien ed di ec ly o he no h side, he esul s om DesignBuilde so wa e can be mo e
a o able han om SIMULACE so wa e. In ou case, howe e , he oom is o ien ed o he sou hwes .
The g aph shows ha despi e he highe global sola adia ion du ing he mo ning in DesignBuilde
so wa e, he ai empe a u es in he in e io do no each highe alues compa ed o SIMULACE
so wa e. The e o e, he di e ence in global sola adia ion inpu is no he cause o he di e ence in
ai empe a u es in he in e io ob ained om bo h so wa e.
The SIMULACE so wa e, which is commonly used in he Czech Republic, allows quick
calcula ion o one c i ical oom, and en e ing pa ame e s is e y simple. In ou case, howe e , he
esul s do no co espond o eali y so much, and he calcula ion me hodology conside ably inc eases
he cos o shading de ices. Pa ly because o he highe alues o he maximum in e nal empe a u e
in he summe pe iod and also because, in p ac ice, only one c i ical oom is selec ed o which he
shading de ices a e calcula ed and designed, and hese shading de ices a e hen used in all ooms in
he building. I is possible o calcula e each oom in a building sepa a ely, bu his, in u n, will inc ease
he cos o assessing he summe he mal s abili y [16]. A u he disad an age is ha i is no possible
o ealis ically de ine an adjacen space co esponding o he unhea ed a ic. Also, i is no possible o
ealis ically model he su ounding shading buildings wi h in ica e shapes a ec ing he ai empe a u e
in he in e io h ough he skyligh .
DesignBuilde so wa e is no e y widesp ead in he Czech Republic and is no commonly used
in p ac ice. Resul s om his so wa e a e mo e complex and ealis ic hanks o dynamic simula ions.
The ad an age o he DesignBuilde so wa e is ha we do no ha e o pe o m indi idual
calcula ion/simula ion o each oom. A e modeling he whole building and unning he simula ion, we
immedia ely ge he maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod in each oom in he building,
so i is possible o quickly design indi idual shading de ices o each oom in he building. Also, he
esul s a e mo e a o able, which leads o cos sa ings on shading de ices. Since he en i e building,
including he su ounding buildings, is modeled in de ail, he e is no p oblem wi h en e ing adjacen
spaces, as ealis ic condi ions a e simula ed in each space o he building. This so wa e is, o cou se,
mo e complica ed, and i akes mo e ime o model he en i e building. Howe e , i we wan ed
compa able esul s om he SIMULACE so wa e, we would ha e o calcula e each oom sepa a ely,
which signi ican ly ex ends he ime spen en e ing each oom’s pa ame e s.
6 Conclusion
This esea ch aimed o assess he summe he mal s abili y o he a ic oom acco ding o he
Czech s anda d ČSN 73 0540-2 [1]. So wa e SIMULACE and DesignBuilde we e used o
e alua ion. The aim was also o compa e he esul s ob ained om bo h so wa e.
The esul s o he alues o he maximum in e nal empe a u e in he summe pe iod in he
gi en oom ob ained om bo h so wa e a e di e en and he e o e he design o he shading will be
di e en . I was ound ha he di e en inpu s o global sola adia ion and he simpli ied me hod o
en e ing shading buildings in SIMULACE so wa e do no ha e a la ge e ec on he di e en cou ses
o ai empe a u es in he in e io . The eason o he di e ence will be he app oxima e de e mina ion
o he empe a u e cou se in he unhea ed a ic in he SIMULACE so wa e and he simpli ied me hod
o calcula ion and en e ing he oom pa ame e s in his so wa e. Calcula ion using he so wa e
DesignBuilde is mo e complex, bu he esul s a e mo e ealis ic. Howe e , SIMULACE so wa e is
mo e commonly used in he Czech Republic. The assessmen o summe he mal s abili y using
Ci il and En i onmen al Enginee ing
Vol. 16, Issue 2, 360-369
DesignBuilde so wa e akes mo e ime, bu wi h ealis ic esul s educes he cos o shading de ices
o he in es o .
In u he esea ch, we will ocus on he solu ion o he o e hea ing o a ic ooms. In he i s
phase, we will design sui able shading de ices o ou assessed a ic oom so ha he equi emen o
summe he mal s abili y acco ding o he Czech s anda d ČSN 73 0540-2 [1] is me . We will design
shading de ices acco ding o he esul s om bo h so wa e and we will compa e he cos s o hei
ins alla ion. In he nex phase, we will in es iga e he e ec o phase change ma e ials PCMs on he
in e nal empe a u e. These ma e ials canno be de ined in he SIMULACE so wa e; he e o e, only
he DesignBuilde so wa e will be used o u he e alua ion.
Acknowledgemen s
The pape was suppo ed by he S uden G an Compe i ion VSB-TUO. The p ojec egis a ion
numbe is SP2020/118. This pape has been elabo a ed in he amewo k o he g an p og amme
„Suppo o Science and Resea ch in he Mo a ia-Silesia Region 2018" (RRC/10/2018), inanced
om he budge o he Mo a ian-Silesian Region.
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