Mozambican airports in the colonial era: a critical and historical analysis

colonial and
pos -colonial
landscapes i
a chi ec u es,
ci ies,
in as uc u es
in a ica
coas o coas esea che s´ book
Colonial and Pos -Colonial Landscapes I
A chi ec u e, Ci ies, In as uc u es in A ica
Coas o Coas Resea che s’ book
Coo dina ion
Ana Vaz Milhei o
Colonial and Pos -Colonial Landscapes I
A chi ec u e, Ci ies, In as uc u es in A ica
Coas o Coas Resea che s’ book
Ana Vaz Milhei o
chai
Colonial A ica: A chi ec u e and In as uc u es in he la e yea s
o he Es ado No o egime
Ana Vaz Milhei o
keyno e-speake s — consul an s
Angola: Coun e ing he “ abula asa”
Helde Pe ei a and Co al Gille
“S , M , L , XL ”. Mapping a colonial askscape along he Ma adi-Kinshasa
ailway line, DR Congo, om a ansimpe ial pe spec i e
Johan Lagae
Colonial and pos -colonial con inui ies and discon inui ies in u ban
in as uc u e in A ica: a case s udy in Mapu o
Paul Jenkins
esea che s’ pe spec i es
a. a chi es
Colonial Public Wo ks a chi es: sou ces o ques ioning and c ea i i y
Ana Canas D. Ma ins
A key o Po uguese Colonial Public Wo ks eco ds: he co espondence
copybooks o he Di ec o a e-Gene al o O e seas A ai s, 1880-1910
Sónia Hen ique
b. case-s udies
Caho a Bassa Dam: he whi e elephan
Luís Lage
Mozambican ai po s in he colonial e a: a c i ical and his o ical analysis
Elisiá io Mi anda
The 1965 Angola Unde akings Ai mail S amp Se ies
José Luís Saldanha
The Pe iphe y in he Ci y cen e. The ailway ci ies o Angola’s coun yside
on he illus a ion o la e ali y as an exp ession o colonial u banism —
he Huambo case
An ónio Deus
In e na ional He i age Classi ica ion and He i age S a egies in Angola.
The heo y and he p ac ice
Filipa Fiúza
Spa ial con ol in colonial Lunda — be ween s a e policy and a p i a e
company’s plans
Bea iz Se azina
Accomplices o agen s o change: he oles o colonial public wo ks and
echnicians in o p omo ing o con es ing ep essi e p ac ices on local
popula ions in Mozambique
Ana Sil a Fe nandes
5
7
53
67
107
131
143
163
171
195
219
235
255
273
170 171
mozambican ai po s
in he colonial
e a: a c i ical and
his o ical analysis
ELISIÁRIO MIRANDA 1
1. Uni e sidade do Minho / Lab2PT, Guima ães, Po ugal; elisia [email protected]
172 173
MOZAMBICAN AIRPORTS IN THE COLONIAL ERA
MOZAMBIQUE PORTS, RAILWAYS AND TRANSPORT
SERVICES DIRECTORATE
The s a e-owned Mozambique Po s, Railways and T anspo Se ices Di ec o -
a e was se up on July 6, 1929 and began ope a ions in Augus 1931, on he ini ia-
i e o he Go e no -Gene al, Lieu enan -Colonel José Cab al, and o i s i s
di ec o , he mili a y enginee Majo F ancisco Pin o Teixei a. I s immedia e
mission was o uni y, in a single p o incial body, a numbe o se ices ha we e
p e iously au onomous, ela ing o he ope a ion, cons uc ion and adminis a-
ion o he po s and ailways o he o me Po uguese colony o o e seas
p o ince: he adminis a ions o he po s and ailways o Lou enço Ma ques,
Inhambane, Moçambique and Quelimane. The objec i e exp essed in he legal
diploma o i s egula ion was o se e he Mozambican economy by pu ing o-
ge he “a as and complex o ganisa ion ha includes, in i s di e se and mul iple
ways o se ing he communi y in e es s, anspo a ion by ail, oad and ai and
he uni ied adminis a ion o he po s, he spea heads o na u al pene a ion
in o he hin e land, wi h he aim o se ing he de elopmen o he p o ince and
he economy o he neighbou ing coun ies”.1 Unde he supe ision o CFM, he
oad mo o anspo was o ganised in ea ly 1930 and he Depa men o Ai
T anspo o Mozambique (DETA, Depa amen o de Explo ação dos T anspo es
Aé eos) was se up in Augus 1936, and began ope a ions in Decembe 22, 1937.
F om he end o 1960s onwa ds DETA was au ho ised o use i s p esen -day
name LAM, Linhas Aé eas de Moçambique (Mozambique Ai lines). Fo abou
o y yea s, un il he end o he colonial e a, he anspo a ion ne wo k in
Mozambique was coo dina ed and adminis a ed by he Mozambique Po s,
Railways and T anspo Se ices Di ec o a e, o ganised on he basis o a
s uc u e o complemen a y ne wo ks: Po s – Railways – Road Mo o Se ices
– Ai lines (Fig. 1).
PORTS
Al hough ma i ime anspo was
handled by p i a e Po uguese and
Mozambican companies, he main
po s o he e i o y we e ope a ed
by CFM. O he smalle po s we e
managed by local councils such as
Vilanculos (Vilankulo), Pebane,
Chinde, Mozambique, An ónio Enes
(p esen -day Angoche), Moma, e c.
Po s in Mozambique se ed
as hubs be ween ma i ime anspo
and he ailway pene a ion
sys em wi hin he p o ince and in
neighbou ing coun ies o sou he n
and cen al A ica: Sou h A ica,
Swaziland, Rhodesia (now Zimba-
bwe) and Nyasaland (la e Malawi).
1. Dec ee No. 315 o Augus 22, 1931.
[ABSTRACT]
The i s ai ligh om Lisbon o Lou enço Ma ques ( he
p esen -day Mapu o), calling a Guinea‐Bissau, São Tomé and
P íncipe and Angola, ook place om 5 Sep embe o 26 Oc obe
1928. The ligh was commanded by Cap ain Celes ino Pais
Ramos, who was assis ed by Cap ain An ónio de Oli ei a Viegas,
Lieu enan João Ma ia Al es Es e es and Se gean /Mechanic
Manuel An ónio.
In 1932 he Po uguese Minis e o Colonies, D . A mindo
Mon ei o, who had a elled by sea om Lisbon o Luanda, ook
he ain and c ossed A ica om Angola o Mozambique. He
a elled in ca iage numbe 108 o Benguela Railways, he 1s
coas - o-coas ain c ossing o sou he n A ica by a Po uguese
ailway ca iage.
A esea ch line ocused on ai e minal buildings a Mozambican
ai po s should ake in o accoun he his o y o egional a ia ion
and a icula e i wi h he de elopmen p ocess o o he ail,
oad and ma i ime anspo in as uc u es. I is also necessa y
o deepen he exis ing knowledge on he coo dina ing ole
played by he o me colonial ins i u ions esponsible o he
anspo a ion sec o , in pa icula he Mozambique Po s,
Railways and T anspo Se ices Di ec o a e (Di eção dos
Se iços dos Po os, Caminhos de Fe o e T anspo es de Moçambique
o , in sho , CFM, Caminhos de Fe o de Moçambique [Mozambican
Railways]). This pape seeks o analyse he CFM’s public
anspo ne wo k in 1970, he yea be o e he publica ion o he
“His o y o he Mozambique Railways”, by he his o ian Al edo
Pe ei a de Lima, and o he bulle in “Po s and T anspo o
Mozambique”, published in June 1971.
keywo ds: Mozambique; ai po e minal; a chi ec u e;
colonial

Fig. 1. CFM’s
anspo a ion
ne wo k ci ca 1970.

174 175
ELISIÁRIO MIRANDA
This gene al ne wo k was subdi ided
in o in e na ional po s – Lou enço
Ma ques, Bei a and Nacala; and
cabo age po s – Inhambane, Que-
limane, Po o Amélia (now Pemba)
and Mocímboa da P aia (Fig. 2).
RAILWAYS
The ailways in Mozambique was
made up o a discon inuous ne wo k
o h ee au onomous sys ems, mo e
o less pe pendicula o he coas o
he Indian Ocean, and communica -
ing h ough neighbou ing coun ies:
- No he n sys em: he
Mozambique Line, om he po
o Nacala o Vila Cab al (now Lich-
inga), including he Lumbo b anch
line, and he line om No a F eixo
(p esen -day Cuamba) o En e-Lagos, whe e i connec ed wi h he Malawi
ailway ne wo k;
- Cen e sys em: he Bei a Railway, om he po o Bei a o
Machipanda, whe e i connec ed wi h he Rhodesia ailway ne wo k; he
T ans-Zambezia Railway, om Dondo o Sena, whe e i connec ed wi h
he Malawi ailway ne wo k, and including he Inhami anga b anch line;
he Te e Railway, om Dona Ana b idge o Moa ize; and he s and-alone
Quelimane Line, om he po o Quelimane o Mocuba;
- Sou he n sys em: he Ressano Ga cia Line, om he po o Lou enço
Ma ques o Ressano Ga cia, whe e i connec ed wi h he Sou h A ica
ailway ne wo k; he Goba Line, om
Macha a o Swaziland, including
he Salamanga and Xina ane b anch
lines; he Limpopo Line, om
Lou enço Ma ques o Mal é nia (now
Chicualacuala), whe e i connec ed
wi h he Rhodesia ailway ne wo k;
he Gaza Line, om João Belo (now
Xai-Xai) o Ma ão and Chicomo; and
he Inhambane Line, om he po o
Inhambane o Inha ime.
I was an objec i e o CFM o
b ing hese sys ems oge he h ough
he p og essi e expansion o he
exis ing ail oads; whils his was
ne e achie ed du ing he colonial
e a, i emains a goal o p esen -day
Mozambique (Fig. 3).
ROAD SERVICES
Road se ices o passenge and goods complemen ed he ail oad sys em,
linking small owns wi h he nea es ailway s a ions and making i possible
o hei p oduc s o be shipped
h ough he coas al po s. This
discon inuous ne wo k was made up
o egula and occasional ou es, he
la e being he case a ha es imes,
so ha he a ious ag icul u al
p oduc s could be shipped ou . This
ne wo k was complemen ed by
p i a e companies, which se ed he
loca ions ha oad se ices didn’
each. The gene al oad anspo
sys em was in u n subdi ided in o
ou au onomous egula ou e ne -
wo ks, wo o which me a Blan y e,
in neighbou ing Malawi: he Mozam-
bique ne wo k, Quelimane ne wo k,
Te e ne wo k and he Inhambane and
Gaza ne wo ks (Fig. 4).
AIRLINES
The ai lines ensu ed he apid anspo a ion o people and goods along he
egula domes ic and in e na ional DETA ou es. The ai ou es co e ed he
main p o incial loca ions — Lou enço Ma ques, Inhambane, Vilanculos,
Bei a, Quelimane, Te e, Vila Cou inho ( he p esen -day Ulongué), Vila
Cab al, No a F eixo, Nampula, Nacala, An ónio Enes, Po o Amélia and
Mocímboa da P aia, as well as he
majo ci ies in he neighbou ing
coun ies — Johannesbu g and
Du ban in Sou h A ica, Manzini in
Swaziland, Salisbu y (now Ha a e)
in Rhodesia and Blan y e in Malawi.
The emaining loca ions in he p o -
ince we e se ed by abou en p i a e
ai axi companies. Fligh s be ween
Lisbon and Lou enço Ma ques o
Bei a we e a monopoly o TAP,
Po uguese Ai lines (Fig. 5).
CIVIL AVIATION
Answe ing o CFM’s Planning and
Cons uc ion Di ision (DEC, Di isão
de Es udos e Cons ução) he Ai ield
Se ice (SE, Se iço de Ae ód omos)
was esponsible o he cons uc ion
Fig. 2. CFM’s po s
ne wo k ci ca 1970.
Fig. 3. CFM’s
ailways ne wo k
ci ca 1970.
Fig. 4. CFM’s oad
mo o ne wo k ci ca
1970.
Fig. 5. CFM’s ai
ne wo k ci ca 1970.
MOZAMBICAN AIRPORTS IN THE COLONIAL ERA
176 177
o new a ia ion in as uc u es, such as Lou enço Ma ques, Bei a o Queli-
mane ai po s. The se ing up, in 1954, o he Ci il A ia ion Se ice (SAC,
Se iço da Ae onáu ica Ci il), bo h in Angola and Mozambique, ans e ed
his esponsibili y o he di ec au ho i y o he Go e no Gene al o each
o me o e seas p o ince, bu emaining echnically dependen on he Ci il
A ia ion Au ho i y in Lisbon.
Acco ding o a epo on elecommunica ion, ci il a ia ion, ailways,
po s and ma i ime anspo o he Go e nmen o Mozambique, o ci ca
1973, ci il a ia ion in he o me o e seas p o ince was o ganised as ollows:
• In e na ional Ai po s: Bei a and Lou enço Ma ques;
• Regional Ai ields: An ónio Enes, Inhambane, João Belo, Lumbo,
Nampula, Mocímboa da P aia, Nacala, Po o Amélia, Quelimane,
Songo, Te e, Vila Cab al, Vila Cou inho, Vilanculos and Vila Pe y;
• Landing ields o ou ism: Baza u o, Chi engo, Inhaca, Inhasso o,
Manhiça, Pon a do Ou o, Vila Fon es (now Caia) and Zi ane;
• Ai s ips: be ween 150 and 200 smalle ai s ips, o e 700 me e s
in leng h, dis ibu ed all ac oss he o me o e seas p o ince.
MILITARY AVIATION
In 1956 Po uguese mili a y a ia ion was es uc u ed in o h ee Ai
Regions, which co e ed he ollowing geog aphic egions: egion one - he
Eu opean e i o y o Po ugal, Madei a, Azo es, Cape Ve de and Guinea
Bissau; egion wo - Angola and São Tomé and P íncipe; and egion h ee -
Mozambique, he Po uguese S a e o India, Macao and Eas Timo . Fo each
o hese a ia ion egions he building o ae onau ical in as uc u es was
planned, so as o ensu e ull a ia ion co e age o he Po uguese Empi e.
The cons uc ion o mili a y ai ields in Mozambique, in an icipa ion
o he onse o he colonial o libe a ion wa (1964-1974), began in 1962.
The cons uc ion o med a ne wo k o ci il and mili a y in as uc u es ha
co e ed he main wa on s in he no h, in he Niassa and Cabo Delgado
dis ic s, and in he no hwes , in he Te e dis ic , as was o ganised in ac-
co dance wi h he ollowing hie a chy:
• Ai Bases: Ai Base no. 10, Bei a, in cen al Mozambique, was he
main mili a y a ia ion in as uc u e;
• Ai ield Bases: no. 5, Nacala; no. 6, No a F eixo; no. 7, Te e; and
no. 8, Lou enço Ma ques, whe e he egional headqua e s was
ins alled;
• Sub-dependen Ai ields: dependen on Ai ield no. 5, Mueda
and Nampula; dependen on no. 6, Vila Cab al and Ma upa; and
dependen on no. 7 Fu ancungo, Chicoa and Mu a a a.
• The e was a o al o i een majo ci il and mili a y a ia ion
in as uc u es, including Quelimane, Po o Amélia and Tenen e
Valadim.
AIRPORT TERMINALS
The e minal buildings o Mozambican ai po s, in addi ion o mee ing
he mos ecen in e na ional equi emen s o he design o ai e minals,
namely he IATA (In e na ional Ai T anspo Associa ion) s anda ds, also
pe o med unc ions o a social and poli ical na u e ha dis inguished hem
om hei coun e pa s in Po ugal. Thus, he la ge in lux o c owds ha
came o welcome o say goodbye o passenge s, especially on ligh s be ween
Eu ope and he old o e seas p o ince, made i necessa y o ha e gene ous
ecep ion spaces o he gene al public, such as lounges, es au an s, ba s
and ou doo e aces o e looking he ai po ’s ap on. On he o he hand,
as in as uc u al buildings, hei a chi ec u e and cons uc ion sys ems,
which closely ollowed he p inciples and o ms o he Mode n Mo emen ,
symbolised he mode ni y and p og ess o he colonial policy o he Es ado
No o egime.
LOURENÇO MARQUES/MAPUTO
The i s ai e minal o Lou enço Ma ques ai ield, loca ed in Ma alane,
on he ou ski s o he capi al, was buil by CFM o DETA o he plans and
unde he supe ision o enginee Ti o Es e es, o he DEC; i had A Déco
acades designed by he a chi ec Ca los Césa dos San os. The cons uc ion
o his building, oge he wi h a new hanga and he ligh ing o he unaways,
was inco po a ed in o he Es ado No o’s Bicen ennial celeb a ions. Inaugu a-
ion ook place on Decembe 17, 1940 (Fig. 6).
Be ween 1967 and 1969, a e he o iginal unc ions had been ans-
e ed o a new ai e minal, he building unde wen ex ensi e e u bishmen
and expansion wo k o house he DETA headqua e s. Designed a he DEC
be ween 1966 and 1968 by he a chi ec Pinho da C uz, wi h calcula ions
by he enginee Sá Fe nandes, he new cons uc ion wo k commenced in
mid-1969 and was concluded in Feb ua y 1970 (Fig. 7). The new design
main ained he A Déco look and spa ial layou o he cen al pa o he
p e ious building, while he ex e io o he new side aisles ea u ed an a chi-
ec u al language in line wi h he Mode n Mo emen . I emains he LAM
headqua e s (Fig. 8).
Fig. 6. Ma alane ai
e minal, unda ed.
ELISIÁRIO MIRANDA MOZAMBICAN AIRPORTS IN THE COLONIAL ERA
178 179
The cons uc ion o he second ai e minal o Lou enço Ma ques
ai po was pa o he second phase o he Gene al Plan o Lou enço
Ma ques Ai po , app o ed in 1948 and unded by he Fi s De elopmen
Plan (1953–1958). The i s phase o he Gene al Plan en isaged a se o
imp o emen s o he in as uc u e, including he cons uc ion o a new
con ol owe . The Lou enço Ma ques A ia ion Communica ions Cen e
was inaugu a ed in he con ol owe on May 28, 1959, as pa o he celeb a-
ions o he 33 d anni e sa y o he Na ional Re olu ion (as he ascis coup
d’é a in Po ugal was known a he ime). The ai e minal was designed
in Lisbon be ween 1955 and 1960 by he a chi ec Cândido Palma de Melo
(1922–2003) a he Di ec o a e-Gene al o Ci il A ia ion (DGAC, Di eção
Ge al de Ae onáu ica Ci il). Cons uc ion began in he i s qua e o 1961
and i was inaugu a ed, oge he wi h he con ol owe , on June 17, 1963,
commemo a ing he i s ai c ossing o he sou he n A lan ic (Figs. 09 – 10).
On Ma ch 28, 1964 he ai po was o icially named Gago Cou inho Ai po .
Mode nised and expanded be ween 1970 and 1972, he e minal was demol-
ished in 2011, lea ing only he con ol owe .
The building was a symbol o mode n con empo anei y a he main
en ance o he o me o e seas p o ince, hanks o i s a ilia ion wi h he
p inciples, o ms and me hods o Mode n Mo emen a chi ec u e: asymme -
ic layou , ho izon al windows, op imisa ion o he unc ional a angemen ,
lexibili y o spa ial di isions, s uc u al and cons uc ion sys em s anda di-
sa ion, use o clima e p o ec ion sys ems and mechanisms and inco po a ion
o wo ks o a .
The expansion and mode nisa ion p ocess o Mapu o In e na ional
Ai po , which began in 2006, included, in addi ion o he new con ol owe
and he new ca go e minal, he cons uc ion o a new in e na ional pas-
senge e minal, opened in 2010, and a new domes ic e minal, which began
ope a ing in Oc obe 2012. Bo h buildings, ex e nally iden ical, ea u e an
anonymous design based on an in e na ional high- ech a chi ec u al and
Fig. 7. DETA
Headqua e s, ci ca
Decembe 1969.
Fig. 8. LAM
Headqua e s, Ap il
3, 2018.
Fig. 9. Lou enço
Ma ques ai
e minal, ci ca May
1963.
Fig. 10. Lou enço
Ma ques ai
e minal, be o e July
1964.
ELISIÁRIO MIRANDA MOZAMBICAN AIRPORTS IN THE COLONIAL ERA
180 181
cons uc ion idiom ha is ha dly sus ainable in he sub opical clima e o
Mapu o (Fig. 11).
INHAMBANE
The Ae o Club o Inhambane was ounded on June 27, 1948, wi h i s s a u es
being published on May 28, 1949. I s ai ield acili ies we e designed in 1953
by he Cen al Go e nmen ’s Inhambane Depa men o Public Wo ks. An
ex ension o he p emises was buil in he la e 1960s by SAC o accommoda e
he inc easing low o ou is s om neighbou ing coun ies.
The ai e minal is di ided in o wo small sec o s: he o iginal build-
ing, consis ing o a hanga lanked by wo owe s con aining a ba , a ic con-
ol and he headqua e s o he Ae o Club; and he ex ension, a single-s o ey
olume ha houses he emaining unc ions o an ai po e minal: en ance,
check-in, depa u e and a i al lounges, o ices, e c. Bo h buildings display
an anonymous bu e oca i e A Déco a chi ec u al language and a s ic ly
unc ional a angemen o he in e nal spaces (Fig. 12).
NAMPULA
Nampula Ai ield was inaugu a ed on Decembe 8, 1951. The con ac o he
cons uc ion o a building o eplace he exis ing ai e minal , which was no
mo e han a hu , (Fig. 13) was awa ded in No embe 1958. The new e minal
began o ope a e on Augus 30, 1960, ha ing been buil o a design o SAC
by Lou enço Ma ques a chi ec s João José Tinoco (1924–1983), Ma ia
Ca lo a Quin anilha (1923–2015) and Albe o Soei o (b. 1917).
The ex e io images o his hen new building, which is no longe he e
oday, e eal a close simila i y o he headqua e s o he Ci il A ia ion
Se ice, in Lou enço Ma ques, which was designed by he same g oup o
a chi ec s ci ca 1958 and inaugu a ed on May 28, 1959. Bo h consis o wo
au onomous olumes and bo h a e in luenced by con empo aneous mode n
B azilian a chi ec u e, e lec ed in he plas ic explo a ion o b ise-soleil,
oblique gables and bu e ly oo s (Fig. 14).
A la ge in es men p og amme in public wo ks and communica ions
on he o me p o ince, announced in 1969, included he imp o emen o
he main unway and he expansion o Nampula ai ield’s ai base acili ies
o accommoda e DETA Boeing 737 je s. Wo k on he ai e minal began in
Janua y 1970, and was scheduled o comple ion by he end 1973, o a design
by he Nampula-based a chi ec José Joaquim Dias (b. 1932) o SAC.
This long wo-s o ey building o a cons an olume and s uc u al
hy hm mos likely was buil on op o he p e-exis ing acili ies (Fig. 15). The
public a ea is s uc u ed a ound a double-heigh space, in a simila scheme o
he spa ial composi ion and unc ional dis ibu ion o i s Lou enço Ma ques
and Bei a coun e pa s.
Fig. 11. Mapu o ai
e minal, Ap il 2,
2018.
Fig. 12. Inhambane
ai e minal, Ma ch
23, 2018.
Fig. 13. Nampula ai
e minal, May 21,
1958.
ELISIÁRIO MIRANDA MOZAMBICAN AIRPORTS IN THE COLONIAL ERA
286 287
ANA VAZ MILHEIRO
Chai
Full esea che a Dinâmia’CET-ISCTE and a Resea -
che a he A ican S udies Cen e (Po o Uni e si y).
She is an ERC-Ad anced G an ee wi h he p ojec “A -
chLabou A chi ec u e, Colonialism and Labou . The
ole and legacy o mass labo in he design, planning
and cons uc ion o public wo ks in o me A ican
e i o ies unde Po uguese colonial ule”, which will
un un il 2028. She has been an Associa e P o esso in
A chi ec u e cou ses a Po uguese uni e si ies, such
as he Uni e si y o É o a, ISCTE and he Facul y o
A chi ec u e (Uni e si y o Lisbon). She was an IIAS
Fellow (Heb ew Uni e si y o Je usalem, 2019-20), a
isi ing esea che a he Uni e si y o Ghen (2015-
16) and a he Uni e si y o São Paulo (2018). She has
coo dina ed six esea ch p ojec s on a chi ec u e and
u banism in o me Po uguese colonies in A ica,
unded by he Po uguese Founda ion o Science and
Technology.
HELDER PEREIRA AND
CORAL LESLEY GILLETT
Keyno e-speake s — consul an s
Helde Manuel da Cos a Pi es Pe ei a (A chi ec ),
was bo n in 1978 in Luanda, Angola. G adua ed om
Queensland Uni e si y o Technology in 2007, and
Mas e s o Design Fu u es a G i i h Uni e si y in
2010, in Aus alia.
Co al Lesley Gille (In e io Designe ), was bo n in
1985 in B isbane, Aus alia. Comple ed Bachelo o
Buil En i onmen (In . Des) a Queensland Uni e -
si y o Technology in 2006, and Mas e s o Design
Fu u es a G i i h Uni e si y in 2011.
Helde and Co al a e co- ounde s o A elie Mulemba,
an a chi ec u al design s udio based in Luanda, which
has a ocus on inno a i e design and esea ch p ojec s
ha d aw om and espond o he Angolan con ex .
They cu en ly p ac ice and li e in B isbane, Aus alia.
JOHAN LAGAE
Keyno e-speake — consul an
Johan Lagae g adua ed in 1991 as a ci il enginee -
-a chi ec a Ghen Uni e si y (Belgium) whe e he is
cu en ly eaching A chi ec u al His o y o he 20 h
Cen u y wi h a pa icula ocus on he non-Eu opean
con ex . He holds a PhD on 20 h cen u y colonial
a chi ec u e in he o me Belgian Congo (2002) and
is conduc ing esea ch on mode n a chi ec u e, buil
he i age and u ban his o y in Cen al-A ica. He has
published widely in in e na ional jou nals (Jou nal o
A chi ec u e, Thi d Tex , OASE,…) as well as edi ed
olumes, and con ibu ed o a numbe o Congo/
A ica- ela ed exhibi ions. He was ice-chai o a
Eu opean unded COST-Ac ion en i led “Eu opean
a chi ec u e beyond Eu ope”, and a ounding membe
and cu en ly co-edi o -in-chie o ABE Jou nal
(h p://jou nals.openedi ion.o g/abe/ ). In 2019-
2020, he was a ellow a he Ins i u des É udes A ancées
in Pa is.
JOSÉ LUÍS SALDANHA
Resea che
José Luís Possolo de Saldanha holds a deg ee in
a chi ec u e om he Lisbon Uni e si y Facul y o
A chi ec u e and a Phd om he Uni e si y o Se ille,
o which pu pose a schola ship was g an ed him by
Fundação Calous e Gulbenkian. He has lec u ed in
a chi ec u e since 1996, and p esen ly is an associa e
p o esso a ISCTE – Lisbon Uni e si y Ins i u e,
whe e he was he P esiden o he Pedagogic Council
in 2013 and 2014, and head o he Depa men o
A chi ec u e and U banism be ween 2016 and 2019.
An in eg a ed esea che a Dinâmia’CET-IUL and
au ho o scien i ic ex s, he also main ains a egula
p ac ice as an a chi ec .
FILIPA FIÚZA
Resea che in session
session: P ojec ing Powe in Colonial and Pos -Colonial
Angola and Mozambique: A chi ec u e, U ban Design,
Public A and Monumen s
chai s: Je emy Ball and Ge be Ve heij
M. A ch., 2010, ISCTE-IUL. PhD candida e on Cul u-
al He i age o Po uguese In luence a he Uni e si y
o Coimb a. Resea che a DINÂMIA’CET-IUL, since
2012. Co-IR o he p ojec “Dominance and mass-
- iolence h ough Housing and A chi ec u e du ing
colonial wa s. The Po uguese case (Guinea-Bissau,
Angola, Mozambique) …”, inanced by he FCT.
Pa icipan in he Cos Ac ion CA18137 “Eu opean
Middle-Class Mass Housing”. Resea che in se e al
p ojec s unded by he FCT ela ed o middle-class
housing, a chi ec u e, and u banism in he o me
Po uguese colonial A ican coun ies. She was a
isi ing esea che a he Facul y o Enginee ing and
A chi ec u e - Ghen Uni e si y. Since 2011, she has
pa icipa ed in na ional and in e na ional con e ences.
She has published a icles in books, magazines, and
con e ence p oceedings, and has co-o ganized se e al
con e ences and exhibi ions.
BEATRIZ SERRAZINA
Resea che in session
session: The spa ializa ion o popula ion con ol in la e
colonialism: con ex s, modali ies, dynamics
chai : Miguel Bandei a Je ónimo
Pos doc o al Resea che a Dinâmia’CET-Isc e. She
holds a PhD. in A chi ec u e and U banism om he
Uni e si y o Coimb a (2024). She is cu en ly in ol-
ed in he p ojec “A chLabou ”. Fo me esea che
in he p ojec s “A chWa ” and “WomA chS uggle”.
He esea ch in e es s span he his o y o colonial
a chi ec u e, impe ial companies, ansna ional
connec ions, ci cula ion o knowledge, and (pos )
colonial he i age. He main con ibu ions include he
co-o ganiza ion o he exhibi ion Colonizing A ica
in Lisbon, in 2019, he pa icipa ion in na ional and
in e na ional mee ings, and esea ch publica ions
on he in e play be ween p i a e companies, he
p oduc ion o space, and popula ion con ol du ing
la e Po uguese colonialism.
ANA SILVA FERNANDES
Resea che in session
session: The spa ializa ion o popula ion con ol in la e
colonialism: con ex s, modali ies, dynamics
chai : Miguel Bandei a Je ónimo
A chi ec and esea che , wi h pos g adua e s udies
on a chi ec u al he i age, and a PhD on policies o
imp o emen o sel -p oduced a eas, ocusing on
A ican e i o ies. She has been unde aking applied
esea ch on u ban policies, spa ial jus ice, in o mali y,
sel -p oduced se lemen s, pa icipa ion and he i age.
She is nowadays a pos doc o al esea che on he
socio-spa ial impac s o he in as uc u al ne wo k in
Mozambique, and on pa icipa o y policies o o e -
coming social asymme ies in i s access, in a esea ch
hos ed by ISCTE-IUL (Lisbon, PT) and FAPF-UEM
(Mapu o, MZ). She is also an In i ed Lec u e a
FAUP (Po o, PT), ha ing mul iple publica ions,
supe isions and con e ence pa icipa ions.
ANTÓNIO DEUS
Resea che in session
panel 6: Pe iphe al In as uc u es in
La e Colonial Ci ies
mode ado : Tiago Cas ela
PhD s uden a CES-UC in he doc o al p og amme
a «He i ages o Po uguese In luence». The esea ch
p ojec ocuses on he design o he u ban ne wo k in
Angola, in he main ci ies ounded in he Highlands,
along he ailway lines, in a key pe iod o i s de ini ion,
and o i s ela ionship wi h o he cen ali ies, such as
he Ca holic Missions. Resea ch ellow (2017-2019)
in he p ojec “Coas o Coas - La e In as uc u e
De elopmen in Ancien Po uguese A ica” (ISCTE-
-UL), coo dina ed by Ana Vaz Milhei o.
PAUL JENKINS
Keyno e-speake — consul an
Paul Jenkins is an a chi ec /planne and esea che
who has wo ked o he las ou and a hal decades
on a wide ange o aspec s o he buil en i onmen :
a chi ec u e, cons uc ion, housing, planning, u ban
design and wide social s udies - much o his on
Sub-Saha an A ica. His wo k ocuses on social enga-
gemen and cul u al change in he “u ban”, including
he ole o di e en o ms o knowledge - and his mos
ecen book is ‘U baniza ion, u banism and u bani y
in an A ican ci y: home spaces and house cul u es’
(Palg a e-Macmillan 2013). This is based on Mapu o
whe e he li es and wo ks mos o he ime.
ANA CANAS
Resea che
Ana Canas Delgado Ma ins is Auxilia y Resea che
a he Cen e o His o y o he Uni e si y o Lisbon
and Di ec o a he A qui o His ó ico Ul ama ino,
DGLAB. She holds a Phd in Lib a y and In o ma ion
S udies, Uni e si y College London. A chi al S udies
and His o y a e he main esea ch ields, a eas o
eaching and o hesis in whose ju ies she pa icipa es.
h p://o cid.o g/0000-0003-0566-0836
SÓNIA HENRIQUE
Resea che
Doc o in His o y by he Uni e sidade No a de
Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas and
Mas e in In o ma ion and Documen a ion Sciences
by he same acul y. Was an a chi al ellow a he
esea ch p ojec “Coas o Coas - La e Po uguese
In as uc u al De elopmen in Con inen al A ica
(Angola and Mozambique): c i ical and his o ical
analysis and pos colonial assessmen ” coo dina ed by
Ana Vaz Milhei o and hos ed by ISCTE-IUL. Wo ks
in he a eas o Humani ies wi h emphasis on His o y
and A chi al Science. Resea ch in e es s in he 19 h
Cen u y di ided among A chi al Science, P ess
His o y and His o y o Colonial A ica.
ELISIÁRIO MIRANDA
Resea che
Elisiá io Mi anda nasce na Azambuja, Po ugal, em
1960. Licenciado pela Faculdade de A qui e u a da
Uni e sidade do Po o (Po o 1987), mes ado e
dou o amen o pela Escola de A qui e u a da Uni e -
sidade do Minho (Guima ães, 2005 e 2013). P á ica
p o issional p óp ia (Azambuja e Po o, 1986-2007) e
enquan o colabo ado do a qui e o Ál a o Siza (Po o,
1989-1998). In eg ou as equipas esponsá eis pelos
p oje os de I&D da FCT “EWV_Visões c uzadas dos
mundos” e “Coas o Coas ”. A ualmen e é p o esso
auxilia na EAUM (Guima ães) e co-coo denado
da Keeping I Mode n G an , da Ge y Founda ion,
a ibuída à Es ação Cen al da Bei a, em Moçambique.
BIOGRAPHIES BIOGRAPHIES

288 289
COLONIAL AFRICA: ARCHITECTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURES
Ti le: Colonial and Pos -Colonial Landscapes I –
A chi ec u es, Ci ies, In as uc u es in A ica.
Coas o Coas Resea che s’ book
Coo dina ion: Ana Vaz Milhei o
Au ho s: Ana Vaz Milhei o; Helde Pe ei a; Johan
Lagae; Paul Jenkins; Ana Canas D. Ma ins; Sónia
Hen ique; Luís Lage; Elisiá io Mi anda; José Luís
Saldanha; Filipa Fiúza; Bea iz Se azina; Ana Sil a
Fe nandes; An ónio Deus
Edi o ial eam: Bea iz Se azina; Filipa Fiúza;
Leono Ma os Sil a
Design: i óeusébio
English Re ision: Liam Bu ke; Da e Tucke
Edi ion: 1s Edi ion, 2025
ISBN: 978-989-781-752-6
This book is pa o he esea ch p ojec Coas o
Coas – La e Po uguese In as uc u al De elopmen
in Con inen al A ica (Angola and Mozambique):
C i ical and His o ical Analysis and Pos -Colonial
Assessmen (PTDC/ATP-AQI/0742/2014), esul ed
om a cu a o ial wo k o he esea ch p ojec Middle-
-Class Mass Housing in Eu ope, A ica and Asia
(PTDC/ART-DAQ/30594/2017) was edi ed unde
he esea ch p ojec s A chWa – Dominance and mass-
- iolence h ough Housing and A chi ec u e du ing
colonial wa s. The Po uguese case (Guinea-Bissau,
Angola, Mozambique): colonial documen a ion and
pos -independence c i ical assessmen (h ps://doi.
o g/10.54499/PTDC/ART-DAQ/0592/2020) and
A chLabou – A chi ec u e, Colonialism and Labou .
The ole and legacy o mass labou in he design,
planning and cons uc ion o Public Wo ks in o me
A ican e i o ies unde Po uguese colonial ule
(ERC, A chLabou , 1101096606). Views and opinions
exp essed a e howe e hose o he au ho (s) only
and do no necessa ily e lec hose o he Eu opean
Union o he Eu opean Resea ch Council. Nei he he
Eu opean Union no he g an ing au ho i y can be
held esponsible o hem..
The edi o s would like o acknowledge he con ibu-
ions o Fe nando Pi es, Inês Lima Rod igues, João
Ca dim and F ancesca Vi a o he making o his book.
The ab pho og aphs we e collec ed by he eam a he
A qui o His ó ico Ul ama ino (AHU), excep o he
image on page 168, cou esy o Elisiá io Mi anda.
This i s olume o he book se ies Colonial
and Pos -Colonial Landscapes ga he s a icles
om esea che s and consul an s o he
esea ch p ojec Coas o Coas La e Po uguese
In as uc u al De elopmen in Con inen al
A ica (Angola and Mozambique): C i ical and
His o ical Analysis and Pos colonial Assessmen
(PTDC/ATP-AQI/0742/2014), p esen ed a he I
In e na ional Cong ess Colonial and Pos -Colonial
Landscapes, in Lisbon, in 2019. The con ibu ions
span he his o y o a chi ec u e, u ban planning,
colonialism, public wo ks, in as uc u e, and
(pos )colonial he i age.