ACTA UNI
VERS
ITATIS
AGRICULTURAE
ET
SILVICULTURAE
MENDELIANAE
BRUNENSIS
SBORNI
K MENDELOVY
ZEMEDELSKE
A
LESNICKE
UNIVERZITY
V
BRNE
Rocn k
LV 10 Cislo 1,
2007
CHAN
GE
S INAMINOACIDS
COMPOSITION
OF
COWS
COL
OST
RUM(DURING
FIRST
72
HOURS
AFTER
PARTURITION)
S. K acma ,F.Bu ika,I. Hoza, L. Cecho a, P. Valasek
Recei ed: Oc obe
9,2006
Abs ac
KRACMAR, S.,
BuNKA
, F.,
HOZA
,
1.
,
CECHOV
A, L.,
VALAsEK,
P.: Changes in amino acids com-
posi ion
o
cows colos um (du ing i s 72 hou s a e pa u i ion).
Ac a
uni . ag ic. e sil ic. Mendel.
B un., 2007, LV,
No.1
, pp.
81-94
Changes in amino acid spec um
o
colos um wi hin he pe iod
o
2 o 72 hou s pos pa um we e s u-
died in dai y cows
o
he Czech
Red
Pied ca le wi h a gene ic admix u e
o
Black
Pied
Low
land b eed
(n =10). Fi e
o
hem
we e
on he 1s lac a ion and 5 on he
2nd
and/o highe lac a ions.Wi hin he
s udy pe iod, he con en s
o
non-essen ial amino acids
(NEAA)
and essen ial
amino
acids
(EAA)
dec e-
ased by
22.8-63.2%
and
27.3-65.2%
, esp., in dai y
cows
on he 1s lac a ion while in hose on he
2nd and ollowing lac a ions he co esponding alues
we e
22
.0-63.7%
and
24.9-
71.7%, espec i ely.
The dependence
o
he cou se
o
changes in he AA spec um
o
cow's
colos um on he ime in e al
elapsing a e he pa u i ion could be cha ac e ised by a eg ession equa ion y=bo+
b/x
+
b/x
2•
dai y cows, colos um,
amino
acids, eg ession analysis
Milk is a complex biological sys em, in which i s
indi idual componen s
occu
in di e en a ios and in
mu ual ela ionships. Basing on esul s
o
long- e m
s udieson milk composi ion
o
di e en animal spe-
cies
was possible o de ine a e age con en s
o
indi-
idual
milk componen s, hei a iabili y and (in he
majo i y
o
cases) also hei chemical composi ion.
C ude
p o ein is he
mos
complica ed componen
o
bo h colos um and milk. Rega ding hei nu i ional
and
echnological impo ance, hese a e he
mos
s u-
died
milk componen s a all and i can be said ha
composi ion
o
milk
p o ein is o a g ea deg ee depen-
den
on he s age
o
lac a ion,season, b eed, heal h
condi ion
o
animals and
me hod
o
milking.
Indi e en animal species,p oduc ion
o
colos um
and
milk is de e mined by a
numbe
o
physiologi-
cal
p ocesses, which ake place unde comple ely con-
c e e
condi ions and in dependence on
mo he 's
geno-
ype
.P opo ions
o
indi idual colos um and
milk
componen s
a e ypical o each
b eed
and
each ani-
81
mal species. A
good
knowledge
o
milk
and colos um
composi ion, a iabili y in le els
o
hei indi idual
componen s and ela ionships exis ing
among
hem
enable us o es ima e expec ed changes as induced
by in e nal and ex e nal ac o s wi h ag ea e accu-
acy (Schablin, 1987; Khalil e al. 1992; Sai o e al.,
1993).
The le els
o
selec ed biochemical pa ame e s (i.e.
p o eins, a , lac ose, i amins A and E, and immuno-
globulins) in
cow
's colos um a he
momen
o
he
i s milking a e pa u i ion we e s udied by Jagos
e a . (1985) and
Bouda
e al. (1988); in goa s and
sheep asimila s udy was pe o med by K ac na e
al. (2003, 2005).
The aim
o
his s udy was o ob ain
deepe
and
mo e
exac da a abou he composi ion
o
cow's colos um
wi hin he pe iod
o
he i s 72 hou s pos
pa
um in
dai y
cows
on he i s as well as on he
second
and
ollowing lac a ions.
82 S. K acm
a ;
F.
Bunka,IHoza, L. .Cecho a,
P.
Valasek
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Changes in he nu i i e alue o colos um wi hin
he in e al
o
2- 72 hou s a e he pa u i ion we e
ollowed in dai y cows
o
he Czech Red Pied b eed
wi h an admix u e
o
blood
o
Black Pied Lowland
b eed (n =10). Fi e o hem we e on he i s lac a ion
and i e on he second and ollowing lac a ions. The
a e age li e body weigh s
o
p imipa ae emales and
o
dams on he 2nd and ollowing lac a ions we e 500
kg and 550 kg, espec i ely.The s udy was ca ied ou
du ing he win e season om No embe o Ma ch.
The composi ion o eeding a ions, hei nu i i e
alue as dependen on he ank
o lac a
ion, me hod
o
milk sampling, sample p epa a ion and sample p ese -
a ion we e desc ibed in ou ea lie pape (K aeme &
Zeman, 2003).
Expe imen al animals did no show any heal h p o-
blems du ing he whole s udy pe iod.
Colos um samples o amino acid de e mina ion
we e adjus ed using acidic and oxida i e acidic hyd-
olysis HCl (c =6mol/dm"), The ch oma og aphic
analysis
o
sample hyd olysa es was pe o med in
he AAA 400 analyse (manu ac u e INGOS P ague,
CR) and using Na-ci a e bu e s and ninhyd in de-
ec ion (K acma e al., 1998) as published in he
O
-
icial Jou nal L 206 (Anonymus, 1978)
All esul s we e e alua ed using he ANOVA a i-
a ion s a is ics p og amme. Co ela ion ma ices and
eg ession unc ions we e calcula ed acco ding o Sne-
deco and Coch an (1967) when using he s a is ical
package Unis a , . 5.I and O ice Excel®Mic oso .
RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION
The ob ained esul s we e analysed sepa a ely o
he g oup o p imipa ous dai y cows and o hose on
he 2nd and ollowing lac a ions.
A e age con en s
o
essen ial and non-essen ial
amino acids, sum
o
amino acids
(~A
A
)
,
sum
o
essen-
ial amino acids
(~EA
A)
,
sum
o
non-essen ial amino
acids
(
~
N
E
A
A)
and sum o Me +Cys
(
~M
e +
Cy
s
)
in
colos um o p imipa ous emales wi hin he i s 2 o
72 hou s
pos
pa uma e p esen ed in Tabs I and II.
When compa ing alues eco ded 12;24; 36;48 and
72 hou s pos
pa
um wi h hose ound ou 2 hou s
a
-
e pa u i ion (= 100%), he ollowing conclusions
we e d awn:
Du ing he pe iod
o
in es iga ion, le els
o NEAA
and EAA dec eased wi hin anges
o 22
.8-63
.2% and
27.3
-65.2%
, espec i ely.
When compa ing he dec ease in con en s
o
EAA
wi hin he pe iod
o
12 h wi h he ini ial 100% le el
(i.e. 2 hou s
pos
pa
um), he ollowing esul s we e
ob ained: Val >10%; His >25%; Phe, A g, and Th
>30%; Me ; Lys, Leu, and He >35%, and Cys 50%.
The co esponding dec eases wi hin he in e al o
24 h we e as ollows: Val >35%; His >40%; Phe,
A g, He, Th , and Leu >50%; Me and Lys >55%, and
Cys >65%. Wi hin he in e al
o
36 h, he ollowing
dec eases we e obse ed: Val >45%; His >50%; Phe,
A g and Leu >55%; Me , He, Lys and Th >60%, and
Cys >80%. A e 48 h, he dec ease in EAA le els was
as ollows: His and Val >45%; A g, Phe, He, Th , Leu
and Lys >55%; Me >65%, and Cys >80%.A e 72 h,
he ollowing esul s we e ob ained: Val >60%; His,
Leu and Lys >65%; Phe, A g, Th and He>70%; Me
>75%, and Cys >85%.
When compa ing he dec ease in con en s
o NEA
A
wi hin he pe iod
o
12 h wi h he ini ial 100% le el
(i.e. 2 hou s
pos
pa um), he ollowing esul s dec e-
ases we e obse ed: Glu >20%, Se , Gly and Ty
>25%; Asp and Ala >30%, and P o >35%. When
compa ing con en s
o
NEAA a e 24 wi h he ini-
ial alues, he dec eases we e as ollows : Gly >25%;
Ala >30%; Se and Ty >35%; Asp >40%, and Glu
and P o >45%. A e 36 h, con en s
o
NEAA dec e-
ased as ollows: Ala >45%; Asp, Se and Ty >50%;
Glu and P o >55%, and Gly >60%. A e 48 h, he
dec ease in EAA le els was as ollows : Gly and Ala
>40%; Ty >45%; Asp and Se >50%, and Glu and
P o >55%. Con en s
o
Asp, Glu, Ala and P o dec ea-
sed by >65%. Finally, he dec ease in con en s
o
Se ,
Gly, and Ty a e 72 h was >70%.
A e age con en s
o
essen ial and non-essen ial
amino acids, sum
o
amino acids
(~AA),
sum
o
essen-
ial amino acids
(~EAA)
,
sum
o
non-essen ial amino
acids
(~NE
AA)
and sum
o
Me +Cys
(~Me +C
y
s)
in
colos um
o
dai y cows on he 2nd and subsequen
lac a ions a e p esen ed in Tabs III and IV.
When compa ing alues eco ded 12; 24; 36; 48 and
72 hou spos pa um wi h hose ound ou 2 hou s a -
e pa u i ion (= 100%), he ollowing conclusions
we e d awn:
Du ing he pe iod
o
in es iga ion, le els
o
NEAA
and EAA dec eased wi hin anges
o 22
.0-63.7 % and
24.9
-71.7%
, espec i ely.
When compa ing he dec ease in con en s
o
EAA
wi hin he pe iod
o
12 h wi h he ini ial 100% le el
(i.e. 2 hou s
pos
pa um), he ollowing esul s
we e ob ained: Val >5%; His >25%; Phe, A g, and
Th >30%; Me , A g, Ile and Leu >30%; Leu >35%
and Cys >45%. The co esponding dec eases wi hin
he in e al
o
24 h we e as ollows : Val >45%; Ty
>50%; Phe, Me , His and Leu >55 %; A g, Heand Lys
>60%, and Cys >70%. A e 36 h, con en s
o
EAA
dec eased as ollows: Val >40%; His >50%; Me ,
Phe, A g, Ile, Th and Leu >55%, Lys >60% and Cys
>70%. Ala >45%; Asp, Se and Ty >50%; Glu and
P o >55%, and Gly >60%. A e 48 h, he dec ease
in EAA le els was as ollows: Val >50%; His >55%;
Phe, A g, Leu and Lys >60%, Me , Heand Th >65%,
Changes in
amino
acids composi ion
o
cows colos um (du ing i s 72 hou s a e pa u i ion) 83
and Cys >70%. Gly and
Ala
>40%; Ty >45%; Asp
and
Se
>50%, and Glu and P o >55%.A e 72 h, he
ollowing dec eases in con en s
o NEA
A we e eco -
ded: Val >65%, Lys >70%, Phe, A g,
Th
, Me , Leu
and lIe >76%, and His and Cys >76%.
As compa ed wi h he e e ence alue (i.e. ha e-
co ded 2 h pos pa um), he con en s
o
NEAA
ob-
se ed in cow's colos um a e 12 h dec eased in he
ollowing
manne
: Glu >20%,
Se
, Gly,
Ala
and Ty
>25%, and Asp and P o >30%.
When
compa ing con-
en s
o
NEAA
a e 24 h, he dec eases we e as ol-
lows: Gly, Ty ,
Asp
,
Se
, Glu and
Ala
>48 %, and P o
>51%. Wi hin he in e al
o
36 h, le els
o
NEAA
dec eased as ollows: Ala, Gly,
Asp
and Ty >46%;
Se >47%, and Glu and P o >51%. A e 48 h, he de-
c ease in
NEAA
le els was as ollows:
Ala
and Ty
>50%; Gly and Ala >40%; Ty >45%; Asp and Se
>50%, and Glu and P o >55%. A e 72 h, he ollow-
ing dec eases in con en s
o
NEAA
we e ound ou :
Asp >65%; Glu, Ala, Ty ,
Se
and P o >70% and Gly
>72%.
A e age con en s
o
essen ial and non-essen ial
amino acids, sum
o
amino acids
(LAA),
sum
o
essen-
ial amino acids
(LEAA)
, sum
o
non-essen ial amino
acids (LNEAA) and sum
o
Me
+Cys (LMe +Cys) in
colos um
o
dai y
cows
wi hin 2 o 72 h pos pa um
a e p esen ed in Tabs V and VI and in Figs
1-4.
When compa ing he dec ease in con en s
o
indi-
idual amino acids wi hin he
ime
in e al
o
12 h
pos pa um wi h he ini ial alue ound 2 h a e he
pa u i ion (100 %) i
was
concluded ha in p imipa-
ous dai y
cows
his dec ease in con en s
o
EAA was
always s eepe han in dai y cows on he
2nd
and sub-
sequen lac a ions. Wi h excep ion
o
Me and Lys, a
simila endency was ound ou also 72 h pos pa um.
Essen ial amino acids His, Phe, A g, lIe, Th , and Val
showeda simila end 36 h pos pa um.As a as Leu
was conce ned, an iden ical endency was ound
ou
inall dai y cows 12; 24; and 36 h pos pa um, while
in Lyswi hin he in e al
o 24
o 72 h and in Me 12,
24, and 72 h a e he pa u i ion. In case
o
Cys
no
ag eemen was ound ou in any ime in e al.
As
compa ed
wi h
olde
dai y cows, in p imipa ae
he dec ease in con en s
o
AA was always s eepe : as
compa ed
wi h he con en s eco ded 2 h a e pa u-
i ion (100%), lowe Cys le els we e eco ded 12; 36
and 72 h, in case o Me 36 and 48 h, and in
case
o
His, Phe,
A g
, lIe, Th , Val, and Lys 12 h pos pa um.
Alowe dec ease in he le el
o
Cys was obse ed 24
and 48 h pos pa um, in le els
o
His, Phe, A g, lIe,
Th
and Val 24 o 72 h pos pa um and in ha
o
Leu
48 and 72 h pos pa um.
As a as
NEAA
we e
conce ned, asimila dec ease
in he le el
o
Gly
was
ound ou a e 12 h, in le els
o
Asp and Ty a e 12 and 72 h, in le els
o
Se
and
Ala a e 12; 36 a 72 h, in he le el
o Glu
a e 12; 48
and 72 h and in ha
o
P o 12 and 36 o 72
hpos
pa -
um. In p imipa ous dai y
cows
a as e dec ease was
eco ded in le els
o
Asp
, Glu, Gly and Ty 36 h pos
pa um and a
slowe
dec ease in le els
o Glu
and P o
24 h pos pa um, in hose
o
Asp, Ala, Ty and
Se
24 and 48 h pos pa um and in ha
o
Gly 24; 48 and
72 h pos pa um.
K aeme
e a . (1997) concluded ha 12 h pos pa -
um he a e age con en
o
amino
acids dec eases by
app oxima ely
25%
as
compa ed
wi h alues ound
ou 2 h a e he pa u i ion; a e 24; 36 and 48 hou s,
hei con en s dec eased by ca
50%
,
52%
, and
54-
60%, espec i ely.Simila esul s we e ob ained also
in his expe imen .
The dependence
o
changes in con en s
o
amino
acids in colos um
o
p imipa ous and/o olde dai y
cows
wi hin di e en ime in e als pos pa um can
be exp essed by he eg ession equa ion y=bo+ b
/x
+ b
/x
2•Agg ega e alues a e p esen ed in Tabs V
II-
IX.
Con en s
o
amino acids in
milk
p o ein
show
ahigh
deg ee
o
a iabili y.
Acco
ding o Polansky (1988),
con en s
o
amino acids in colos um and milk can be
in luenced by quali y
o
eeds (e.g. by silage
o
in e-
io quali y) as well as by some o he ac o s. Limi
alues obse ed in his s udy co esponded wi h da a
published by Sebela e a . (1976),Bo os (1988),G ie-
ge
e a . (1990) and
Zeman
e a . (1995) o he con-
di ions
o
he Czech Republic and o Slo akia.
I: Dynamics
o
changes in con en
o
essen ial amino acids in colos um
ojp im
ipa ous dai y cows wi hin he i s 2- 72h a e pa u i ion (mg/IOOml)
00
.I>-
THR YAL ILE LEU PHE
hou mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%)
2761.1 ± 31.37 9.2 637.2 ± 35.82 16.0 668.0 ± 22.98 7.7 1146.0± 27.75 5.4 6 5.2 ± 24.60 8.9
12 564.7 ± 36.08 4.6 663.4 ± 23.94 8.1 448.3 ± 22.52 6.2 776.0 ± 24.03 6.9 440.4 ± 26.98 13.7
24 395.4 ± 23.9 13.5 4
77.5±48.13
22.5 342.5 ± 35.83 23.4 569
.6±
17.71 7.0 3 5.3 ± 29.86 3.5
36 363.8 ± 28.87 7.7 432.9 ± 29.83 15.4 309.0 ± 32.84 23.8 536.3 ± 35.06 14.6 277.6 ± 27.58 3.8
48 366.7 ± 28.47 14.2 4 4.3 ± 38.05 20.5 307.5 ± 31.14 22.6 542.7 ± 38.60 15.9 300.0 ± 22.68 16.9
!=':l
72 238.1 ± 24.9 23.4
3 2
.0 ± 33.20 23.8 204.1 ± 40.6 24.5 436.0 ± 25.05 12.8 198.3 ± 28.10 13.7
~
~,
~
'
~
,
""
HIS LYS ARG CYS MET
~
hou b:l
mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) ~
;:s.
2466.3 ± 37.27 7.9 1004.4 ± 35.95 8.0 639.8 ± 69.48 0.5 310. ± 16.40 11.8 237.4 ± 13.39 13.8
"'""
,~
12 353.7 ± 38.03 24.0 691.8 ± 25.36 8.2
45
.3 ± 44.54 12.2 161.0 ± 14.13 5.7 164.7 ± 14. 9
~
15.7
~
24 277.6 ± 21.67 7.5 492.4 ± 21.62 9.8 329.5 ± 33. 0 22.5 108.
7±
1.43 12.9 16.7 ± 1
I.I
8 12.3
'"
,
~
36 237.7 ± 22
. 6
20.8 445.2 ± 24.83 2.5 303.4 ± 16.86 12.4 73.9 ± 1.04 13.1 102.4 ± 10.74 16.0
!:"""
48 254.8 ± 20
. 8
7.6 444.8 ± 39.74 20.0 303.7 ± 33.99 25.0 82. ± 1.93 3.3 86.2 ± 8.78 21.8
(J
.
Cll
72 161.1 ± 13.38 14.7 369.6 ± 7.42 10.5 222.3 ± 24.67 24.8 50.9 ± 6.05 12.6 62.9 ± 24.56 18.7 s
c
~
,~,
~
LCYS+MET LEAK
LAK
~
.....
hou
~,
">.
mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) Cll
"'""
2 547.5 ± 57.54 10.5 6485.4 ±
11
0.2 8.9 12448.2± 80.50 9.0
12 325.7 ± 14.81 13.3 4715.3 ± 32.08 16.8 9319
.6±
115.80 13.8
24 225.4 ± 12.26 12.2 3425.1 ± 60.97 14.0 7132.4 ± 129.73 19.0
36 176.4 ± 7.65 9.7 3082.3 ± 92.90 6.7 6059.3 ± 121.16 18.0
48 168.2 ± 2.96 17.2 3102.7 ± 144.44 10.4 6155.7 ± 123.51 18.6
72 113.9 ± 12.78 15.5 2255.4 ± 68.10 16.3 4448.9 ± 63.38 14.2
II:
Dynamics
o
changes
in
con en
o
non
-essen ial
amino
acids
in in
colos um
o
p imipa ous
dai y
cows
wi hin
he i s
2- 72 h
a e
pa u i ion
(mg
/JOO
ml)
ASP
SER GLU PRO
hou CV(%) CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%)
mean±S.D.mean±S.D.
2802.9 ± 35.62 9.9 677.4 ± 15.11 5.0 2252.1 ± 311.62 30.9 991.0 ± 22.31 5.0
12 598.1 ± 50.77 18.9 534.5 ± 25.51 10.7 1860.9 ± 177.88 21.4 695.6 ± 45.82 14.7
24 427.8 ± 30.42 15.9 366.0 ± 20.52 12.5 1262.6 ± 171.40 30.4 488.5 ± 29.63 13.5
36 433.9 ± 44.71 23.1 363.4 ± 41.18 25.3 1183.8 ± 255.27 48.2 494.0 ± 42.78 19.3
48 395.7 ± 27.68 15.6 312.5 ± 29.17 20.8 1078.7 ± 199.65 41.4 470.1 ± 50.59 24.1
72 296.6 ± 30.44 22.9 231.5 ± 31.19 30.0 850.1 ± 32.10 8.4 387.4 ± 30.02 17.5
GLY ALA TYR
~
NEAK
hou mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%)
2 284.8 ± 35.74 28.1 374.4 ± 22.43 13.4 552.6 ± 32.61 13.2 5935.2 ± 104.71 10.3
12 227.3 ± 22.63 22.3 281.7 ± 25.11 19.9 430.0 ± 51.68 26.8 4628.0 ± 83.25 8.5
24 154.4 ± 26.01 37.7 203.4 ± 36.33 40.5 288.3 ± 30.62 23.7 3
191.0±
27.96 19.6
36 154.1 ± 18.63 27.1 219.9 ± 23.81 24.2 308.5 ± 26.38 19.1 3157.6 ± 30.65 12.7
48 138.0 ± 33.91 41.8 191.2 ± 8.03 9.7 279.3 ± 21.19 16.9 2865.5 ± 31.56 14.6
72 81.2 ± 13.25 10.3 130.6 ± 16.63 8.5 176.6 ± 11.52 6.0 2153.7 ± 10.98 11.4
S'
3
S'
o
~
0:
en
(')
o
3
'0
o
~
.
....
o'
e
o
....,
(')
~
en
(')
o
0'
en
:::
s::
3

III: Dynamics
o
changes in con en
o
essen ial amino acids in colos um
o
dai y cows on he 2nd and subsequen lac a ions wi hin he i s 2
-72
h a e
pa
u i ion 00
(mg/lOO ml) 0'1
THR YAL ILE LEU PHE
hou mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%)
2759.5 ± 34.47 10.1 725.1 ± 33.13 10.2 659.7 ± 39.60 13.4 1150.5 ± 26.52 5.2 608.2 ± 21.15 7.8
12 593.9 ± 29.31 11.2 689.6 ± 13.52 4.4 471.2 ± 22.65 10.7 795.0 ± 31.77 8.9 456.8 ± 20.16 9.9
24 366.1 ± 47.31 28.9 432.3 ± 23.84 12.3 288.6 ± 48.71 13.7 522.8 ± 26.36 11.3 273.9 ± 28.72 23.5
36 354.5 ± 32.80 20.7 435.4 ± 20.89 10.7 298.4 ± 38.08 26.5 525.8 ± 21.10 8.9 281.3 ± 37.76 18.4
48 303.0 ± 31.73 18.8 372.5 ± 31.40 18.8 260.8 ± 32.79 18.3 494.7 ± 31.14 14.1 258.4 ± 28.35 15.5
Y:l
~
72 189.5 ± 30.25 13.6 264.9 ± 30.66 25.9 160.0 ± 31.25 43.7 338.7 ± 59.I929.5 149.0 ± 10.14 15.2 l::l.
~
'
l::l
.....
~
HIS LYS ARG CYS MET l
hou
::::
;:s,
mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%)
;:.;-
.l::l
2459.4 ± 16.47 8.0 993.4 ± 44.43 10.0 631.7 ± 59.24 21.0 290.2 ± 34.86 26.9 229.3 ± 51.11 26.9
:--.
12 359.6 ± 36.59 22.8 724.6 ± 29.23 9.0 466.0 ± 23.18
11.1
166.9 ± 41.84 36.1 165.1 ± 64.02 18.7
~
N
24 218.5 ± 88.11 9.0 443.7 ± 60.39 30.4 284.0 ± 40.05 21.8 77.8 ± 17.45 3.8 114.1 ± 11.21 Fl
5.9
~
36 232.3 ± 45.47 21.5 438.3 ± 30.94 15.8 297.3 ± 26.09 19.6 75.8 ± 6.36 1.8 107.6 ± 8.69 1.8 .
(j,
('()
48 207.3 ± 22.02 13.8 410.3 ± 32.60 17.8 268.1 ± 27.51 13.9 65.2 ± 8.08 2.8 91.4 ± 8.61 2.1 l"l
;:s-
a
72 107.3 ± 17.82 7.3 322.9 ± 26.13 18.1 181.3 ± 25.42 11.1 67.7 ± 2.46 8.0 60.9 ± 9.96 3.7
~
Fl·
:- :I
~
....
~CYS
+MET
~EAK
~AK
l::l.
"'
,
hou ('()
;:.;-
mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%)
2 519.5 ± 38.29 35.2 6507.0 ± 131.54 40.5 12442.2 ± 137.94 25.0
12 332.0 ± 10.55 7.1 4888.8 ± 153.32 28.1 9516.8 ± 113.24 27.0
24 191.9 ± 6.98 7.7 3021.7 ± 147.72 10.9 6212.7 ± 171.15 13.4
36 183.4 ± 7.48 9.1 3046.6 ± 137.59 10.1 6204.2 ± 115.38 15.0
48 156.6 ± 12.97 8.5 2731.8 ± 132.29 10.8 5597.4 ± 138.71 15.5
72 128.7 ± 12.99 10.5 1842.3 ± 55.22 6.7 3996.1 ± 54.74 13.6
IV:
Dynamics
o
change
s in
con en
o
non
-essen
ial
amino
acids
in
colos
um
o
dai y
cows
on
he
2nd
and
subsequen
lac
a
ions
wi
hin
he
i s
2-72
h
a e
pa
u
i ion
(mg
/JOO ml)
ASP SER GLU PRO
hou mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%)
2802.9 ± 35.62 9.9 677.4 ± 15.11 5.0 2252.1 ± 311.62 30.9 991.0 ± 22.31 5.0
12 598.1 ± 50.77 18.9 534.5 ± 25.51 10.7 1860.9 ± 177.88 21.4 695.6 ± 45.82 14.7
24 427.8 ± 30.42 15.9 366.0 ± 20.52 12.5 1262.6 ± 171.40 30.4 488.5 ± 29.63 13.5
36 433.9 ± 44.71 23.1 363.4 ± 41.18 25.3 1183.8 ± 255.27 48.2 494.0 ± 42.78 19.3
48 395.7 ± 27.68 15.6 312.5 ± 29.17 20.8 1078.7 ± 199.65 41.4 470.1 ± 50.59 24.1
72 296.6 ± 30.44 22.9 231.5 ± 31.19 30.0 850.1 ± 32.10 8.4 387.4 ± 30.02 17.5
GLY ALA TYR LNEAK
hou mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%)
2 284.8 ± 35.74 28.1 374.4 ± 22.43 13.4 552.6 ± 32.61 13.2 5935.2 ± 104.71 10.3
12 227.3 ± 22.63 22.3 281.7 ± 25.11 19.9 430.0 ± 51.68 26.8 4628.0 ± 83.25 8.5
24 154.4 ± 26.01 37.7 203.4 ± 36.33 40.5 288.3 ± 30.62 23.7
3191.0±
27.96 19.6
36 154.1 ± 18.63 27.1 219.9 ± 23.81 24.2 308.5 ± 26.38 19.1 3
157.6±
30.65 12.7
48 138.0 ± 33.91 41.8 191.2 ± 8.03 9.7 279.3 ± 21.19 16.9 2865.5 ± 31.56 14.6
72 81.2 ± 13.25 10.3 130.6 ± 16.63 8.5 176.6 ± 11.52 6.0 2153.7 ± 10.98 11.4
00
-..l
Y:Dynamics
o
changes in con en
o
essen ial amino acids in cow scolos um wi hin he
ji
s 2- 72h a e pa u i ion (mg
/IOO
ml)
00
00
THR YAL ILE LEU PHE
hou mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%)
2760.3 ± 22.14 19.2 681.1 ± 14.74 16.8 663.8 ± 25.62 12.2
11
48.3 ± 19.61 15.4 611.7 ± 19.26 10.0
12 579.3 ± 53.45 29.2 676.5 ± 45.61 21.3 459.7 ± 42.52 29.3 785.5 ± 36.76 14.8 448.6 ± 31.61 22.3
24 380.7 ± 54.86 24.8 454.9 ± 79.35 25.9 315.5 ± 39.43 19.4 546.2 ± 79.46 46.0 294.6 ± 27.43 17.9
36 359.3 ± 81.39 22.7 434.1 ± 55.88 12.9 303.7 ± 53.74 29.6 531.0 ± 82.38 26.1 279.5 ± 29.28 33.1
48 334.9 ± 35.41 10.6 393.4 ± 73.41 15.9 284.2 ± 55.51 18.9 518.7 ± 83.22 27.8 279.2 ± 23.82 28.5
VJ
72 213.8 ± 26.26 12.3 288.4 ± 81.05 12.3 182.1 ± 24.47 13.4 387.4 ± 102.14 26.4 173.6 ± 26.35 15.2
~
1::>
.
~
'
I::>
.....
HIS LYS ARG CYS MET
~
hou o
mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) :::
::s
,
;.;-
2 462.9 ± 22.40 15.3 998.9 ± 32.53 10.3 635.7 ± 54.40 27.0 300.2 ± 37.67 39.7 233.3 ± 31.85 43.2 .
1::>
~
12 356.7 ± 26.77 23.7 708.2 ± 57.60 25.7 458.6 ± 31.14 23.5 163.9 ± 29.44 56.7 164.9 ± 36.09 40.1
~
24 248.1 ± 31.37 12.6 468.0 ± 46.55 28.8 306.7 ± 37.96 28.2 93.2 ± 16.46 25.6 115.4 ± 27.84 24.0
.1::>
36 235.0 ± 25.53 23.4 441.8 ± 21.97 15.7 300.3 ± 27.81 18.8 74.9 ± 20.06 27.5 105.0 ± 32.72 10.2
~
.
48 231.0 ± 25.43 21.1 427.5 ± 19.73 16.3 285.9 ± 20.68 17.2 73.6 ± 28.96 12.4 88.8 ± 33.01 10.4
(J
,
( )
(')
72 134.2 ± 28.88 21.5 346.3 ± 25.09 17.3 201.8 ± 22.23 11.0 59.3 ± 28.89 15.0 61.9 ± 38.12 6.2
::s-
o
..::
.
1::>.
:- l
LCYS+MET LEAK
LAK
~
--
hou
1::>.
,,>,
mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%) mean±S.D. CY(%)
( )
;.;-
2533.5 ± 61.67 36.6 6496.2 ±88.52 43.0 12445.2 ± 83.33 21.0
12 328.9 ± 55.67 53.5 4802.0 ± 95.42 20.1 9418.2 ± 134.12 19.5
24 208.6 ± 56.96 28.6 3223.4 ± 67.66 16.6 6672.5 ± 154.29 17.3
36 179.9 ± 40.39 22.5 3064.5 ± 58.29 10.1 6131.8 ± 103.45 16.9
48 162.4 ± 67.11 21.2 2917.2 ± 62.49 6.8 5876.5 ± 95.48 15.1
72 121.3 ± 78.22 17.3 2048.8 ± 43.66 11.4 4222.5 ± 80.88 16.1
VI:
Dynamics
o
changes
in
con en
o
non
-essen ial
amino
acids
in
cows
colos um
wi hin
he i s
2
-72
h
c ie
pa u i ion
(mg
/IOO
ml)
ASP SER OLD PRO
hou CV(%)
mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D.
2806.3 ± 44.39 17.4 679.7 ± 24.04 11.2 2255.2 ± 292.08 14.I 997.6 ± 42.06 13.3
12 598.5 ± 30.85 16.3 534.8 ± 19.58 11.6 1852.2 ± 93.28 15.9 694.7 ± 26.79 12.2
24 465.0 ± 86.56 18.5 408.1 ± 17.06 13.2 1301.0 ± 129.74 31.5 522.0 ± 41.34 16.8
36 421.7 ± 48.94 16.7 361.3 ± 22.83 20.0 1143.1 ± 186.70 51.6 487.4 ± 34.29 22.2
48 409.3 ± 49.15 13.8 330.9 ± 20.65 16.2 1073.9 ± 120.02 35.3 483.6 ± 55.76 26.5
72 290.4 ± 49.80 13.4 225.9 ± 25.99 13.6 875.8 ± 134.74 38.2 381.5 ± 27.01 22.4
GLY ALA TYR LNEAK
hou mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%) mean±S.D. CV(%)
2290.2 ± 26.58 29.0 368.4 ± 26.51 22.8 551.7 ± 20.83 11.9 5949.0 ± 82.04 14.4
12 228.3 ± 18.22 25.2 276.6 ± 23.67 27.1 431.0 ± 16.86 19.7 4616.2 ± 108.70 17.4
24 193.7 ± 13.22 21.6 234.9 ± 25.16 14.6 324.4 ± 22.16
11
.8 3449.1 ± 87.12 17.9
36 142.6 ± 13.43 19.4 211.8 ± 10.54 14.9 299.3 ± 35.05 27.1 3067.3 ± 107.93 25.2
48 157.8 ± 22.48 14.3 208.6 ± 18.81 19.0 295.2 ± 54.35 28.2 2959.3 ± 114.32 26.9
72 88.3 ± 32.02 11.5 . 132.5 ± 16.22 13.9 179.3 ± 25.86 24.6 2173.7 ± 142.62 20.7
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