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RESUMEN: Es e documen o p esen a un b e e eco ido po algunos supues os con los que el legislado es-
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ciones aún p esen es en el Código penal, pese a que és as esul an incompa ibles con algunos p incipios
del De echo penal sus an i o y p ocesal.
PALABRAS CLAVE: p esunción, p incipio de in e ención mínima, p incipio de culpabilidad, p esunción de
inocencia.
0a aGHO&a PHn*yPH]5iYH o
Uni e sidad de Se illa, España
Re is a Penal MéxicoQ~PHQHURMXQLRGH
3 HVXncionHV DH HcKoSHnaO
ABSTRACT: This pape aces a sho o e iew on se e al assump ions used by he Spanish legisla o o de-
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e en hough hey a e incompa ible wi h some o he p inciples in subs an ial and p ocedu al c iminal law.
KEY WORDS: p esump ion, minimal in e en ion p inciple, culpabili y p inciple, p esump ion o innocence.
SUMARIO: I. Plan eamien o del p oblema: a) El concep o de p esunciones en De echo penal sus an i o;
b) Las dudas en o no a la compa ibilidad de las p esunciones con los p incipios básicos del De echo
penal sus an i o y p ocesal. II. Algunas mani es aciones de las p esunciones en el Código penal. G upos
de casos: a) P esunciones o ien adas al adelan amien o de los p esupues os o dina ios de la in e ención
penal; b) P esunciones o ien adas a consegui la igualdad en el a amien o de los au o es allí donde se
en ila su capacidad de culpabilidad; c) P esunciones basadas en las posiciones ela i as de los suje os
ac i os y pasi os del deli o: el supues o mayo injus o en el caso de los ipos elacionados con la iolencia
de géne o; d) P esunciones ela i as a la concu encia de los elemen os que de e minan la p ohibición de
la conduc a; e) P esunciones ela i as a la culpabilidad de los au o es; ) P esunciones o ien adas a de e -
mina la g a edad obje i a de la conduc a. III. Valo ación.
Re is a Penal México
P esunciones y De echo penal
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penalEspecial e e encia a las medidas cau ela es,SS VV
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 ´Re is a penalSS VV

Re is a Penal México
P esunciones y De echo penal
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FRQGXFWDTXHWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQODFRQGLFLyQRFXD-
OLGDGGHOVXMHWRSDVLYRHQFRQFUHWRHVDVSUHVXQFLR-
QHVVHWUDGXFHQHQOD¿MDFLyQGHGHWHUPLQDGDVHGDGHV
SRUGHEDMRGHODVFXDOHVHOOHJLVODGRUFRQVLGHUDTXHOD
SUiFWLFDGHORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVVH[XDOHVTXHUHVSHF-
WLYDPHQWHGHVFULEHFRPSRUWDQXQGDxRSDUDHOVXMHWR
SDVLYR(OHMHPSORSDUDGLJPiWLFRSRGHPRVHQFRQWUDU-
ORHQORVGHOLWRVFRQWUDODOLEHUWDGHLQGHPQLGDGVH[XDO
HQFRQFUHWRUHVSHFWRDODVFRQGXFWDVTXHVHFRQVLGH-
UDQOHVLYDVDHVWH~OWLPRELHQMXU GLFR$V HODUW
¿MDODHGDGHQODTXHSXHGHDSUHFLDUVHHODEXVRIUDXGX-
OHQWRHQWUHORV ORVDxRVHODUWFRQVLGHUD
SXQLEOHVODVFRQGXFWDVGHH[KLELFLRQLVPRFXDQGRVH
UHDOL]DQDGHPiVGHDQWHLQFDSDFHVDQWHPHQRUHVGH
DxRV/DPLVPDHGDGPDQHMDHODUWHQUHODFLyQ
FRQODVFRQGXFWDVGHYHQWDGLIXVLyQRH[KLELFLyQGH
PDWHULDOSRUQRJUi¿FRHODUWDHIHFWRVGHFRQVLGH-
UDUSXQLEOHHOIDYRUHFLPLHQWRGHODSURVWLWXFLyQFXDQGR
QRPHGLDYLROHQFLDRLQWLPLGDFLyQDV FRPRHODUW
UHVSHFWRDODVGLVWLQWDVFRQGXFWDVTXHWLSL¿FDLQFOXLGD
ODFRUUXSFLyQGHPHQRUHV3HURVLQGXGDHOH[SRQHQ-
WHPiVLOXVWUDWLYRGHOUHFXUVRDOD¿MDFLyQGHHGDGHV
P QLPDVSDUDHOLPLQDUHOLQMXVWRGHORVGHOLWRVFRQWUD
ODLQGHPQLGDGVH[XDOHVHODUW DXQLPSO FL-
WDPHQWHHOTXHDOWLSL¿FDUODFRQGXFWDGHDEXVR
VH[XDOGLVSRQHTXH³VHFRQVLGHUDQDEXVRVVH[XDOHVQR
FRQVHQWLGRVORVTXHVHHMHFXWHQVREUHPHQRUHVGHWUHFH
DxRVVREUHSHUVRQDVTXHVHKDOOHQSULYDGDVGHVHQWLGR
RGHFX RWUDVWRUQRPHQWDOVHDEXVDUH´
&RPR GHF DPRV HVWD ~OWLPD FOiXVXOD VLUYH WDO
YH]PHMRUTXHQLQJXQDRWUDFRPRH[SRQHQWHGHORV
SUREOHPDVTXHFRPSRUWDHOUHFXUVRDODVSUHVXQFLR-
QHVHQ'HUHFKRSHQDO<QR DVyORSRUODUHODWLYL-
GDGHQJHQHUDOGHORVPiUJHQHVFRQTXHVHWLSL¿TXH
OD FRQGXFWD DOJR TXH GLFKR VHD GH SDVR H[SOLFD
TXHKDVWDODUHIRUPDRSHUDGDHQHVWRVGHOLWRVSRUOD
/2²TXHLQWURGXMRODUHIHUHQFLDDOELHQMXU -
GLFRLQGHPQLGDGVH[XDO²DTXHOO PLWHVH¿MDUDHQORV
DxRV7DPELpQSRUTXHXQDYH]HVWDEOHFLGRGLFKR
O PLWHJHQHUDOUHVXOWDLPSRVLEOHHTXLSDUDUHQHOJUDGR
GHPDGXUH] FRQVLJXLHQWHDIHFWDFLyQGHVXGHVDUUR-
OORHYROXWLYRDWRGRVORVPHQRUHVFRQHGDGLQIHULRUD
OD¿MDGD'HKHFKRODVGL¿FXOWDGHVHLQFRQJUXHQFLDV
DTXHFRQGXFHHVWDRSFLyQVHPDQL¿HVWDQFRQPD RU
FODULGDGHQORVFDVRVHQTXHDPERVVXMHWRVGHODUHOD-
FLyQDFWLYR SDVLYRWLHQHQFRUWDHGDG,PDJLQHPRV
SRUHMHPSORODUHODFLyQHQWUHXQFKLFRGHR
DxRV XQDFKLFDGHSUREDEOHPHQWHHVWD~OWLPD
PiVPDGXUDTXHDTXpO/DVVLWXDFLRQHVDEVXUGDVTXH
SXHGHQOOHJDUDSURGXFLUVHKDQVLGRFODUDPHQWHGH-
QXQFLDGDVSRUDOJXQRVDXWRUHVSRUORTXHQRWHQGU D
VHQWLGR UHSURGXFLUODV DTX  7DO YH] VyOR FRQYHQJD
UHFRUGDUTXHSDUDHYLWDUGLFKDVFRQVHFXHQFLDVHQDO-
JXQDV6HQWHQFLDVHO7ULEXQDO6XSUHPRKDUHFXUULGR
DDOJ~QH[SHGLHQWHFRQHOTXHVRUWHDUHOULJRUDTXH
FRQGXFLU DWDOWLSRGHSUHVXQFLRQHV6LUYDFRPRHMHP-
SOROD676GHGHDEULOTXHHQMXLFLDEDXQFDVRHQ
9pDQVHORVWUDEDMRVGH0XxR]&ODUHV-³/DSUHVXQFLyQGHLQFRQVHQWLGDVGHODVUHODFLRQHVVH[XDOHVFRQPHQRUHVGHDxRV´Re is a
Gene al de De echo penal,Q~PQRYLHPEUHGH ³'RFWULQD¿QDOGHO7ULEXQDO6XSUHPRVREUHHOUpJLPHQGHODVSUHVXQFLRQHVHQ
'HUHFKR3HQDO SDUWLFXODUPHQWHVREUHODSUHVXQFLyQGHLQFRQVHQWLGDVGHODVUHODFLRQHVFRQPHQRUHVGHDxRV$QiOLVLVGHODV6676
6DOD6HJXQGDGHGHDEULO GHGHPD R ,,´Re is a Gene al de De echo penal,Q~PQRYLHPEUHGH