Con en s lis s a ailable a ScienceDi ec
So wa eX
jou nal homepage: www.else ie .com/loca e/so x
O iginal so wa e publica ion
Compu ing Con inuum Simula o : A comp ehensi e amewo k o
con inuum a chi ec u e e alua ion
Pablo Rod ígueza, Se gio Lasob,∗
, Ja ie Be ocala, Pablo Fe nándezc, An onio Ruiz-Co ésc,
Juan Manuel Mu illoa
aUni e sidad de Ex emadu a, Badajoz, Spain
bGlobal P ocess and P oduc Imp o emen S.L., Cáce es, Spain
cUni e sidad de Se illa, Se illa, Spain
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywo ds:
Compu ing Con inuum
Simula o
F amewo k
So wa e as a se ice
A B S T R A C T
The Compu ing Con inuum pa adigm is essen ial o mee ing he needs o IoT applica ions ha demand eal-
ime p ocessing, eliable connec i i y, and low-la ency esponse. Unlike adi ional cloud models, Compu ing
Con inuum in eg a es esou ces ac oss edge, og, and cloud laye s, b inging da a p ocessing close o i s sou ce.
I is c ucial in ields like heal hca e, indus y, and ag icul u e, whe e s ic quali y equi emen s ha e signi ican
economic and social impac s. Howe e , e alua ing he pe o mance and eliabili y o con inuum a chi ec u es
is challenging due o he complexi y and high cos s o se ing up cus omizable and scalable nea - ealis ic
mul i-laye ed en i onmen s. To add ess hese challenges, we in oduce he Compu ing Con inuum Simula o
amewo k, speci ically designed o e alua e he deploymen a chi ec u e – bo h physical and logical – o
con inuum en i onmen s. I enables he deploymen o la ge Compu ing Con inuum scena ios, cus omizing
de ice ypes, ne wo k in as uc u e, and cus om applica ion se ups o accu a ely simula e and e alua e nea
eal-wo ld condi ions. Implemen ed as a So wa e as a Se ice, i minimizes equi ed compu a ional demands
on he use -side and in eg a es seamlessly in o De Ops wo k lows, simpli ying deploymen , es ing, and
adop ion by so wa e companies, o e ing a p icing plan o ensu e accessibili y o a ious needs. Scalabili y
es s showed he amewo k main ains s able un imes, wi h di e en simula ion sizes depending on he p icing
plan. This consis ency unde sco es he obus ness and i s sui abili y o cus omizable and scalable con inuum
a chi ec u e e alua ions.
Code me ada a
Cu en code e sion 1.0.0
Pe manen link o code/ eposi o y used o his code e sion h ps://gi hub.com/Else ie So wa eX/SOFTX-D-24-00632
Pe manen link o Rep oducible Capsule N/A
Legal Code License CC BY-NC 4.0
Code e sioning sys em used gi
So wa e code languages, ools, and se ices used Ja asc ip , Py hon, Shell, Mus ache, Docke , ADB, and Visual S udio Code.
Compila ion equi emen s, ope a ing en i onmen s & dependencies Docke , Node 16, Ubun u 22.04
I a ailable Link o de elope documen a ion/manual Documen a ion
Suppo email o ques ions [email p o ec ed]
So wa e me ada a
Cu en so wa e e sion 1.0
Pe manen link o execu ables o his e sion h p://ccsim.spilab.es/
Pe manen link o Rep oducible Capsule N/A
Legal So wa e License CC BY-NC 4.0
Compu ing pla o ms/Ope a ing Sys ems Ubun u (Linux dis ibu ion)
Ins alla ion equi emen s & dependencies AWS accoun , Py hon 3.10, MySQL 8.0 and NodeJS 22
I a ailable, link o use manual — i o mally published include a e e ence o he
publica ion in he e e ence lis
Documen a ion
Suppo email o ques ions [email p o ec ed]
∗Co esponding au ho .
E-mail add esses: [email p o ec ed] (P. Rod íguez), [email p o ec ed] (S. Laso), [email p o ec ed] (J. Be ocal), [email p o ec ed] (P. Fe nández), [email p o ec ed]
(A. Ruiz-Co és), [email p o ec ed] (J.M. Mu illo).
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.so x.2025.102156
Recei ed 26 No embe 2024; Recei ed in e ised o m 18 Ma ch 2025; Accep ed 31 Ma ch 2025
So wa eX 30 (2025) 102156
A ailable online 14 Ap il 2025
2352-7110/© 2025 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie B.V. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC license ( h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-
nc/4.0/ ).
P. Rod íguez e al.
1. Mo i a ion and signi icance
The Compu ing Con inuum (CC) pa adigm has eme ged as a p omis-
ing solu ion o he challenges posed by he In e ne o Things (IoT)
e olu ion. I has d i en he deploymen o di e se sma de ices
designed o e icien in e ac ions o enhance quali y o li e [1,2]. As
IoT sys ems expand in o c i ical sec o s like heal hca e, indus y, o
sma ci ies, he demand o eliable Quali y o Se ice (QoS) has
g own, as ailu es can lead o se ious economic, social, and en i on-
men al impac s [3,4]. T adi ional cloud solu ions can be inadequa e
o mee such c i ical IoT se ices’ s ingen low-la ency and high-
a ailabili y equi emen s, which equi e eal- ime p ocessing and apid
esponse [5].
The CC pa adigm ex ends he adi ional cloud model by in eg a ing
esou ces ac oss edge, og, and cloud laye s [6,7], b inging da a p o-
cessing close o he sou ce, educing dependence on dis an se e s and
enhancing esponsi eness in ime-sensi i e applica ions such as sma
ci ies, heal hca e, and indus y sys ems ha equi e apid eedback and
eliabili y [8].
Howe e e alua ing CC a chi ec u es is complex and cos ly, as
deploying a ealis ic se up wi h di e se de ices and ne wo k condi-
ions equi es signi ican in es men . While la ge o ganiza ions may
amo ize hese cos s, small and medium-sized en e p ises o en lack he
esou ces o ex ensi e i e a i e es ing be o e deploymen .
To y o o e come hese challenges, esea ch simula ion ools [9–
11] allow es ing in i ual edge- og en i onmen s. Ne e heless, hese
ools lack he lexibili y, scalabili y, and ealism needed o simula e
di e se es ing scena ios, handle la ge-scale IoT deploymen s, o sup-
po he deploymen o cus om applica ions, limi ing hei e ec i eness
o comp ehensi ely e alua ing CC a chi ec u es. Fu he mo e, hey
lack in eg a ion wi h de elopmen p ocesses, making hem unsui able
o companies elying on con inuous de elopmen and es ing. These
limi a ions highligh he need o app oaches ha enable he e alua ion
o highly cus omizable, scalable CC a chi ec u es and ha a e easy
o in eg a e in o p o essional en i onmen s whe e adap abili y and
in eg a ion a e essen ial.
The e o e, his pape p esen s he Compu ing Con inuum Simula o
(CCSIM).1 CCSIM allows he deploymen o a la ge-simula ed CC a chi-
ec u e, cus omizing he numbe , ype, and capabili ies o IoT de ices,
se ices, and ne wo k in as uc u e o es ing cus om applica ions.
This allows he simula ion o nea eal-wo ld en i onmen s o e alu-
a e hei QoS be o e being eleased o p oduc ion. Implemen ed as a
so wa e-as-a-se ice (SaaS) solu ion, i o e comes he limi a ions o
de elope s’ IT esou ces, o e ing accessibili y and ease o use wi hou
equi ing ad anced echnical expe ise.
Fu he mo e, CCSIM suppo s in eg a ion in o so wa e de elop-
men p ocesses like De Ops [12], acili a ing i s adop ion in p o es-
sional en i onmen s. In addi ion, di e en p icing plans a e o e ed,
allowing di e en companies o use hem. This ool e ol es om he
in eg a ion o wo p e ious amewo ks, Pe ses [13] and EFCC [14].
The main echnologies and so wa e used in ou p oposal a e Te -
a o m [15] o c ea e he simula ion en i onmen o deploy he sim-
ula ed a chi ec u e in AWS [16], Docke [17] o de ice manage-
men and i ualiza ion, Ka ha á [18] o ne wo k managemen , and
APIPecke [19] and Esp esso [20] o e alua ion.
2. So wa e desc ip ion
CCSIM p o ides a comp ehensi e pla o m o simula ing and e al-
ua ing Compu ing Con inuum (CC) a chi ec u es, o e ing high cus-
omiza ion wi h a wide ange o IoT, edge, og, and cloud de ices
o enable QoS e alua ion in complex and ealis ic scena ios. CCSIM
1h p://ccsim.spilab.es
p o ides a p icing model based on es ablished p ac ices [21] o ac-
commoda e di e en use p o iles. Th ough i s p ojec design ool,
de elope s can de ine a con igu a ion ile speci ying he a chi ec u e’s
s uc u e, componen s, es s, and applica ions o e alua ion. The CC-
SIM API enables he c ea ion and execu ion o simula ions, p og ess
moni o ing, and log e ie al o esul alida ion. Addi ionally, i s au-
oma ed wo k low suppo s in eg a ion wi h CI/CD pipelines, allowing
applica ion e alua ion wi hin con inuous de elopmen en i onmen s.
The ollowing sec ions p esen a de ailed a chi ec u e o CCSIM, he
CCSIM p ojec con igu a ion o de ine a CC a chi ec u e and e alua ion,
and he CCSIM wo k low o au oma e he execu ion.
2.1. So wa e a chi ec u e
Fig. 1 depic s he p inciple a chi ec u e o CCSIM showing how
he componen s in e ac o enable deploymen p ojec s simula ion and
es ing. This design, composed o mul iple in e connec ed componen s,
ensu es a modula and scalable s uc u e ha p omo es e icien man-
agemen and main enance. Key componen s and main ac o s (Use and
CI) a e de ined below.
•Use : Use s in e ac wi h CCSIM p ima ily h ough he API, sub-
mi ing p ojec in o ma ion, ob aining p ojec s a us, and down-
loading esul s. They can eques p ojec de ails, ini ia e new
p ojec s, and e ie e simula ion ou comes. Use s p o ide he
da a in o ma ion ha de ines he p ojec : he CCSIM p ojec con-
igu a ion, including all a chi ec u e elemen s de ices, ne wo k
con igu a ions, es s, and he applica ion; mic ose ices o he
APK and APK- es iles o mobile de ices i needed.
•CI: A con inuous in eg a ion (CI) p o ide connec s o he CCSIM
API o au oma e and in eg a e simula ion asks wi hin he de el-
opmen wo k low ia CCSIM wo k low (de ailed in Sec ion 2.3).
CI can c ea e and launch p ojec s au oma ically, enabling con-
inuous es ing wi hou manual inpu , sa ing ime, and ensu -
ing simula ions un consis en ly wi h any upda es in code o
con igu a ions.
•API: The CCSIM API2 se es as he communica ion b idge, en-
abling bo h Use s and CI sys ems o in e ac seamlessly wi h
CCSIM. I s p ima y pu pose is o allow e icien c ea ion, man-
agemen , and e alua ion o simula ion p ojec s wi hou equi ing
ex ensi e echnical expe ise o manual con igu a ions. Key ea-
u es o he CCSIM API include p ojec managemen , execu ion
and es ing o simula ed a chi ec u es, da a e ie al om sim-
ula ions, con inuous in eg a ion suppo , as well as secu i y and
au ho iza ion con ols.
•P ojec Manage : The P ojec Manage o e sees all CRUD (C e-
a e, Read, Upda e, Dele e) ope a ions ela ed o p ojec man-
agemen . I manages he c ea ion and con igu a ion o p ojec s,
checks hei s a us, and e ie es log esul s o download. The
P ojec Manage elies on da a s o ed in he P ojec s Da abase
and e i ies use access wi h he Use s Da abase o ensu e secu e
p ojec handling.
•Co e: The co e is he hea o CCSIM, managing all s ages o he
wo k low o he deploymen o he simula ed a chi ec u e and
e alua ion. I consis s o se e al modules:
– Ini ializa ion: Ob ains he da a om he p ojec s and p o-
ides he necessa y in o ma ion o he o he submodules,
se ing up he p ojec de ails o subsequen s ages. The log
esul s a e p o ided by he Log collec o o be sa ed in he
da abase.
2h p://ccsim.spilab.es/documen a ion
So wa eX 30 (2025) 102156
2
P. Rod íguez e al.
Fig. 1. CCSIM’s A chi ec u e.
– Deploymen : C ea es and con igu es simula ion en i on-
men s on AWS EC2 ins ances using Te a o m. Fi s ly, i
se s up he de ices as Docke con aine s and es ablishes
he ne wo k in as uc u e h ough Ka ha á, based on he
speci ica ions in he p ojec con igu a ion. Addi ionally, a
se o cus om sc ip s, de eloped o he au oma ed c ea ion
and deploymen o hese componen s, is launched h ough
Te a o m, enabling au oma ed deploymen . Addi ionally,
he module deploys ano he se o sc ip s o ins all and ini-
ia e he execu ion o he applica ion wi hin he simula ed
a chi ec u e (Lis ing 1).
– Execu ion: Runs he de ined es s, including QoS and Use
In e ace (UI) es s, using di e en sc ip s ha au oma e his
p ocess (Lis ing 2). QoS es s e alua e me ics like esponse
imes and la ency using APIPecke , while UI es s alida e
mobile in e aces using Esp esso.
– Log collec o : Re ie es and il e s logs and me ics gene -
a ed du ing es ing, s o ing hem in he da abase o la e
analysis and download.
•Simula ion en i onmen : AWS EC2 ins ances a e he i ual
domain whe e he a chi ec u es de ined in he p ojec s a e c e-
a ed, deployed, es ed and he esul s a e collec ed. Each p ojec
is deployed in independen ins ances and can, o example, un
se e al p ojec s in pa allel. These ins ances a e au oma ically
managed by CCSIM by he Co e componen .
2.2. CCSIM p ojec con igu a ion
To de ine and e alua e a con inuum deploymen a chi ec u e wi hin
CCSIM, a p ojec con igu a ion ile is equi ed. This ile speci ies he
a chi ec u e’s de ices, ne wo k, es s, and applica ion, o e ing ex en-
si e op ions o simula ing di e se scena ios. To acili a e he c ea ion
and alida ion o his con igu a ion, CCSIM P ojec Designe 3 has been
de eloped ha enables use s o design he a chi ec u e, ensu ing ha
all componen s a e co ec ly de ined and s uc u ed be o e deploymen .
The p ojec con igu a ion ile s uc u e is as ollows:
•a chi ec u e: This ield de ines he en i ies o he in ended con-
inuum a chi ec u e, which includes:
3h p://ccsim.spilab.es/designe
– mic ose ices: Includes he mic ose ices, indica ing hei
Docke image co esponding o he applica ion o be e al-
ua ed. Fo example, i he applica ion is composed o di -
e en se ices and a mobile applica ion, in his sec ion
he di e en se ices o be deployed a e speci ied. Subse-
quen ly, i is speci ied on which hos s hey will be deployed
wi h he es ablished ha dwa e capabili ies.
– hos s: Desc ibes he compu a ional a ibu es o hos s, which
a e i ualized de ices like mobile de ices, IoT de ices,
and mic ose ices. I includes in o ma ion on compu a ional
powe and memo y capaci y. Use s can de ine any numbe
o hos s, as long as he p icing plan esou ces suppo hem.
Each hos ope a es as a Docke con aine unning an image
and can be assigned one, o mul iple mic ose ices.
– swi ches: Includes in o ma ion on ne wo k swi ches, in-
cluding hei ou ing con igu a ions. Swi ches allow com-
munica ion wi hin he deployed a chi ec u e de ices, mi-
c ose ices, e c.. Simila o he hos s, each swi ch is a
Docke con aine unning a ou e image which is p e-
con igu ed using he Ka ha á amewo k o simula e eal-
is ic, communica ing ne wo k de ices. CCSIM also suppo s
ex e nal connec ions o applica ions equi ing ex e nal se -
ices. Howe e , ex e nal ne wo k condi ions like la ency
a e no simula ed, so de elope s can add logging poin s o
measu e hei impac .
– links: Ou lines he ne wo k connec ions be ween de ices,
including hos s and swi ches, wi h de ails on la ency o
shape he ne wo k a chi ec u e e ec i ely.
•mobile_app_ins alla ion: P o ides speci ic de ails o he mobile
apps o be ins alled on hos s de ined o be mobile de ices, in-
cluding he app name, applica ion ID, and ins alla ion a ge s. I
is op ional and used when mobile apps a e o be ins alled and
es ed.
•idle_ ime: De e mines he delay in seconds be o e unning p e-
de ined es s a e deploymen , allowing o any necessa y ini ial-
iza ion o se up o e hos s. The delay should be es ima ed based
on he applica ion’s needs. I no wai ing pe iod is equi ed, se
he alue o 0.
• es s: I is an a ay de ailing he es s o be ca ied ou . The
es s may include bo h QoS es s and UI es s (i he e is any
mobile app), depending on he speci ic equi emen s o he use .
Tes s de ined a e au oma ically launched du ing he Execu ion
s age o e a chi ec u e o ob ain empi ical esul s ha closely
app oxima e eal-wo ld beha io .
So wa eX 30 (2025) 102156
3
P. Rod íguez e al.
[...]
echo "$ins alla ion_ins uc ions" | while ead − ins uc ion; do
app_name=$(echo " $ins uc ion " | jq − ’ . app_name ’ )
app lica ion _ id=$(echo " $ins uc ion " | jq − ’ . a pplica i on_id ’ )
ins alla ion_des ina ion=$(echo " $ins uc ion " | jq − ’.ins alla ion_des ina ion␣|␣j oin ( " , " ) ’ )
o apk_pa h in " ${ a ay_apks [@]} " ; do
echo "APK␣PATH: ␣$apk_pa h"
echo "APP␣NAME: ␣$app_name"
i [[ " ${apk_pa h##∗/}" == " $app_name . apk " ] ] ; hen
i [ " $ins al l a i o n_ d e s i na ion " == " a l l " ]; hen
d e i c e _ l i s =" $2 "
else
d e i c e _ l i s =" $ i n s a l l a i o n_ d e s i n a i o n "
i
c a l l _ i n s a l l _ s c i p " $apk_pa h " " $ de i ce _l is "
i
done
done
[...]
Lis ing 1. Bash sc ip o ins all he applica ions on he de ices
[...]
o de ice in " ${ de ice_a ay [@]} " ; do
echo "S a ing␣UI␣ es ␣on␣$de ice "
ka ha a exec −d ./ lab " $de ice " −− adb connec localhos
OUTPUT=$( ka ha a exec −d ./ lab " $de ice " −− adb −s loca lhos sh e l l pm l i s ins umen a ion 2>&1)
i [[ $OUTPUT == ∗" and oidx "∗] ] ; hen
nohup ka ha a exec −d ./ lab " $de ice " −− adb −s loca lhos sh e l l am ins umen −w− −e debug alse
"$2" . es /and oidx . es . unne . And oidJUni Runne > " ./ de ices−logs / esp esso / $de ice−UI− e s s _ e s u l . x " &
else
nohup ka ha a exec −d ./ lab " $de ice " −− adb −s loca lhos sh e l l am ins umen −w− −e debug alse
"$2" . es /and oid . suppo . es . And oidJUni Runne > " ./ de ices−logs / esp esso /$de ice−UI− e s s _ e s u l . x " &
i
done
[...]
Lis ing 2. Bash sc ip o launch UI es s wi h Esp esso
2.3. CCSIM wo k low
The CCSIM wo k low ile4 has been concei ed o au oma e all he
p ocesses equi ed o execu e a p ojec , seamlessly in eg a ing in o
he De Ops en i onmen and he ypical ecosys em o de elopmen
companies. This in eg a ion s eamlines asks and sa es ime, elimi-
na ing use s’ need o mul iple manual in e en ions. Fig. 2 shows an
o e iew o he wo k low, which s a s wi h a egis e ed use and a
con inuous in eg a ion p o ide , such as Gi Hub Ac ions (GHA),5 o
c ea e and launch a p ojec . When a push in he eposi o y b anch
igge s he wo k low, i au oma ically execu es he a ious eques s
o he CCSIM API in an o de ly manne o launch he p ojec h ough
he Co e modules.
3. Illus a i e examples
To illus a e he capabili ies o CCSIM, we deployed an applica ion
in a con olled es en i onmen .
3.1. Example scena io
A ci y council in ends o deploy an applica ion, called Ai -Quali y-
App,6 o moni o and analyze ai quali y ac oss he en i e u ban a ea.
4h ps://gi hub.com/slasom/Compu ingCon inuumSimula o -So wa eX/
blob/mas e /case_s udy/ccsim-wo k low.yml
5h ps://gi hub.com/ ea u es/ac ions
6h ps://gi hub.com/slasom/Compu ingCon inuumSimula o -So wa eX/
ee/mas e /case_s udy
Fig. 2. CCSIM wo k low.
By deploying di e en IoT senso s, edge, and og p ocessing nodes
dis ibu ed in di e en a eas o he ci y and cloud node ollowing a
CC a chi ec u e.
The sys em mus main ain a high le el o QoS (e.g. low a e age
esponse ime o se ices) o ensu e da a is accessible, eliable, and
usable in eal- ime. By de ec ing ai quali y changes p omp ly, he sys-
em can send imely no i ica ions, allowing esiden s o ake p e en i e
ac ions agains po en ial heal h haza ds. Addi ionally, he applica ion
So wa eX 30 (2025) 102156
4
P. Rod íguez e al.
Fig. 3. Ai quali y measu emen case s udy.
enables use s o con ibu e localized ai quali y da a, en iching he
da ase and enhancing en i onmen al insigh s h ough a mobile appli-
ca ion. To achie e his, CCSIM deploys a simula ed nea - eal scena io
using a ious de ices, including edge (IoT and mobile de ices), og
nodes, and cloud, each playing a ole in da a collec ion, p ocessing, and
dissemina ion. The ollowing lis de ails hese de ices and componen s,
as shown in Fig. 3:
•IoT de ices: Senso s capable o measu ing and p ocessing ai
quali y.
•Mobile de ices: Rep esen s And oid sma phones ha can ob ain
ai quali y da a and ale s om a speci ied loca ion and send
addi ional con ex ual da a o he use . Fo example, epo ing
speci ic pollu ion inciden s (pollen accumula ion).
•Swi ches: Common ne wo k ins umen s ha connec he a ious
de ices in he sys em, collec ing and p ocessing in o ma ion om
IoT senso s and mobile de ices.
•Cloud: The Cloud ob ains da a om he swi ches and agg ega es
i o ob ain ai quali y in o ma ion wi h an o e all ision.
The p oposed es s o his case s udy aim o e alua e bo h he
applica ion’s unc ionali y and he QoS i deli e s. Two p ima y es s
a e de ined: QoS es s, which assess he esponse ime equi ed o
in o ma ion ansmission and ecep ion be ween de ices, and UI es s,
which e i y he co ec ope a ion o he mobile applica ion’s g aph-
ical elemen s. These es s enable a ho ough e alua ion o whe he
he applica ion can mee he QoS equi emen s be o e i s p oduc ion
launch.
3.2. Usage o he ool
This subsec ion guides deploying a simula ed con inuous a chi ec-
u e o demons a e he bene i s o CCSIM as a SaaS solu ion, he
P ojec Designe , and he CCSIM wo k low. I uses he Ai -Quali y-App
as an example. Fig. 4 p esen s an o e iew o he p ojec deploymen
p ocess.
To begin, use s mus egis e on CCSIM, ob ain an API key, and
selec a p icing plan. The ini ial s eps include gene a ing he p ojec
con igu a ion ile wi hin he CCSIM P ojec Designe . A eposi o y
(e.g., Gi Hub) should also be c ea ed o he applica ion unde e alua-
ion, wi h he CCSIM p ojec ile loca ed in he eposi o y oo . Use s
mus also con igu e wo Gi Hub sec e s in he eposi o y: API_KEY and
USERNAME, which co espond o he API key and use name p o ided
du ing egis a ion.
Nex , he CCSIM wo k low should be added o he eposi o y a
‘.gi hub/wo k lows/wo k low.yml’. This ile, which equi es no modi-
ica ions, au oma ically igge s he Gi Hub wo k low. The deploymen
p ocess is s eamlined by de ec ing changes commi ed o he main
b anch, which ini ia es he CCSIM wo k low. Th oughou he deploy-
men , i can moni o i s execu ion s a us and once he execu ion is
comple e, es esul s can be downloaded, all h ough he CCSIM API.
This en i e p ocess needs o be comple ed only once unless mod-
i ica ions a e equi ed in he con igu a ion ile. Once se up, CCSIM
will au oma ically ini ia e each ime changes a e made o he main
b anch, p o iding lexibili y o mul iple i e a ions. Thanks o i s in-
ui i e P ojec Designe , au oma ed wo k low, and obus API, CCSIM
elimina es he need o complex ins alla ions, s eamlines p ojec se up,
and enables seamless in eg a ion wi h e sion con ol, acili a ing con-
inuous deploymen and es ing o CC a chi ec u es. While CCSIM does
no cu en ly suppo au oma ic scaling policies, use s can manually
ede ine scaling con igu a ions in he P ojec Designe o e alua e
di e en deploymen scena ios.
3.3. E alua ing CCSIM un ime
Scalabili y is key o unning la ge-scale scena ios while ensu ing
s able un imes o op imize he de elope ’s expe ience. Consis en
un imes allow de elope s o plan hei wo k lows mo e e ec i ely,
ensu ing p edic able pe o mance when scaling applica ions. This is
pa icula ly impo an in con inuous in eg a ion and es ing pipelines,
whe e unp edic able simula ion imes can hinde au oma ion and delay
so wa e eleases [22].
In his case s udy, he simula ion un ime was 15 min, co e ing
all s ages o he CCSIM wo k low. Howe e , his du a ion may a y
depending on he scena io se up and he selec ed p icing plan. Fig. 5
p esen s he a e age un ime o each wo k low s age ac oss di e en
So wa eX 30 (2025) 102156
5
P. Rod íguez e al.
Fig. 4. High-le el ope a ion o CCSIM.
p icing plans.7 The esul s a e based on i e epea ed expe imen s
unde a wo s -case scena io, whe e he maximum numbe o de ices
is deployed and all a ailable esou ces a e u ilized o each plan.8
The a e age un ime pe wo k low s age ac oss di e en p icing
plans, wi h e y small e o ba s, indica ing minimal a iabili y be-
ween uns. Ac oss he expe imen s, CCSIM main ained consis en sim-
ula ion un imes be ween 25 and 35 min. The Deploymen s age
domina es execu ion un ime, accoun ing o app oxima ely 82%, due
o he ime equi ed o AWS o ini ialize EC2 ins ances and deploy all
con aine s. Despi e addi ional esou ces in highe plans, i ualiza ion
7h p://ccsim.spilab.es/#p icing
8h ps://gi hub.com/slasom/Compu ingCon inuumSimula o -So wa eX/
ee/mas e /e alua ion
ools a e no ully op imized, leading o longe deploymen imes o
la ge-scale de ice se ups. Howe e , he o e all un ime emains s able
ac oss plan i e a ions, demons a ing CCSIM’s scalabili y and adap -
abili y wi h minimal o e head. The mos no able di e ence, in he
Deploymen s age s ems om he la ge numbe o de ices in highe -
ie es scena ios. Speci ically, he En e p ise plan akes abou 10 min
longe han he Basic plan, a easonable inc ease gi en he addi ional
deployed de ices.
4. Impac
CCSIM s eamlines he e alua ion o CC a chi ec u es, p o iding a
simula ion en i onmen o e alua e eal dis ibu ed applica ions be-
o e hei p oduc ion elease. This p oposal di e s om o he wo ks
discussed abo e [9–11] in i s a ie y and cus omiza ion o scena ios,
So wa eX 30 (2025) 102156
6
P. Rod íguez e al.
Fig. 5. CCSIM un ime.
hus o e ing a ool ha is mo e adap able o he speci ic needs o
so wa e de elopmen companies. I is cu en ly in i s ea ly s ages, bu
shows p omising esul s in e ms o use ulness and scalabili y and i has
been used in o he esea ch s udies [23,24] and academic p ojec s.9 In
addi ion, i has al eady a ac ed he in e es o se e al companies.
CCSIM p ima ily a ge s so wa e de elopmen companies, o e ing
seamless in eg a ion in o hei de elopmen p ocesses. I s a ac i e
p icing plan, ailo ed o mee di e se needs, makes ad anced e alu-
a ion ools accessible o small and medium-sized en e p ises wi hou
equi ing signi ican in es men s. The impac o his inno a ion has
also led o he c ea ion o a spin-o aimed a capi alizing on i s
comme cial po en ial. Cu en ly, s eps a e being aken o es ablish i
as a s a up, ep esen ing a signi ican business oppo uni y esul ing
om his p oposal.
5. Conclusions
CCSIM is p esen ed as an ad anced pla o m o c ea e and deploy
simula ed con inuum a chi ec u es o e alua ing QoS. This solu ion
allows he c ea ion o highly scalable and cus omized simula ion en-
i onmen s, bo h in e ms o he de ices in ol ed and he ne wo k
in as uc u e. This app oach ep esen s a signi ican ad ance in he
challenge o e alua ing CC a chi ec u es due o hei complexi y. In ad-
di ion, as a SaaS solu ion, i acili a es he con igu a ion and execu ion
o he simula ed en i onmen by o e ing an API and p icing plans, as
well as easy in eg a ion in o so wa e de elopmen p ocesses (CI/CD)
allowing be e adop ion by companies.
As u u e wo k, we a e wo king on he p esen a ion o log esul s in
a mo e e ined way, allowing use s o apply highly cus omized il e s o
pe o m p ocessing on he aw esul s. Addi ionally, we aim o enhance
scalabili y es ing by enabling p ede ined scaling scena ios wi hin a
single p ojec , educing he need o edeploymen . Finally, we a e
in es iga ing he p ocess o adap ing his ool o in eg a e wi h Digi al
Twin echnologies [25].
CRediT au ho ship con ibu ion s a emen
Pablo Rod íguez: W i ing – o iginal d a , So wa e, Resou ces,
Me hodology, In es iga ion, Fo mal analysis, Concep ualiza ion. Se -
gio Laso: W i ing – o iginal d a , Valida ion, Supe ision, So wa e,
9h ps://www.ka ha a.o g/s o ies.h ml
Me hodology, In es iga ion, Concep ualiza ion. Ja ie Be ocal: W i -
ing – o iginal d a , Valida ion, Supe ision, Resou ces, Funding acqui-
si ion, Concep ualiza ion. Pablo Fe nández: Valida ion, In es iga ion,
Funding acquisi ion, Concep ualiza ion. An onio Ruiz-Co és: Visu-
aliza ion, Valida ion, Supe ision, Funding acquisi ion. Juan Manuel
Mu illo: Visualiza ion, Valida ion, Supe ision, In es iga ion, Funding
acquisi ion, Concep ualiza ion.
Decla a ion o compe ing in e es
The au ho s decla e ha hey ha e no known compe ing inan-
cial in e es s o pe sonal ela ionships ha could ha e appea ed o
in luence he wo k epo ed in his pape .
Acknowledgmen s
This wo k has been pa ially unded by g an DIN2020-011586
and p ojec s TED2021-130913B-I00 and PDC2022-133465-I00, unded
by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by he Eu opean Union
‘‘Nex Gene a ionEU/PRTR’’, by he RCIS ne wo k (RED2022-134148-
T), by he Depa men o Economy, Science and Digi al Agenda o he
Go e nmen o Ex emadu a (GR21133), and by he Eu opean Regional
De elopmen Fund.
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