Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions
Ra ael Co chuelo1, An onio Ruiz1, Jö g R. Mühlbache 2, and
Jesús D. Ga cía-Consueg a3
1Uni e sidad de Se illa, Dp o. de Lenguajes y Sis emas In o má icos
A da. de la Reina Me cedes, s/n. E-41012 Se illa, Spain
{co chu, a uiz}@lsi.us.es;h p:// dg.lsi.us.es
2Johannes Keple Uni e si ä , Ins i u ü In o ma ions e a bei ung und Mik op ozesso echnik
Al enbe ge s aße, 69. A-4040 Linz, Aus ia
[email p o ec ed];h p://www. im.uni-linz.ac.a
3Uni e sidad de Cas illa-La Mancha, Dp o. de In o má ica
Campus Uni e si a io, s/n. E-02071 Albace e, Spain
[email p o ec ed];h p://www.in o-ab.uclm.es/gsid
Abs ac . This epo summa ises hep esen a ions,discussions,andmain esul s
o he ECOOP’01 Wo kshop on Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions (WOOBS).
I was no a pu e scien i ic mee ing, bu a mixed ga he ing whe e people om he
indus y and he academia me o exchange ideas, expe iences and build a ne -
wo k o ela ionships wi h o he s commi ed o he eme gence o objec -o ien ed
business solu ions. WOOBS had an in i ed alk on quali y o se ice, wel e p e-
sen a ions and li ely discussions du ing and a e hem. The main conclusions
we e on he impo ance o Mul i-O ganisa ional Web-Based Sys ems in oday’s
e-comme ce wo ld, which jus i ies he s udy o a new mul idisciplina y pa adigm
called Web-O ien ed P og amming.
Keywo ds. agen s, aspec -o ien a ion, coo dina ion, da abases, dis ibu ion, e-
comme ce, middlewa es, ansac ions, web se ices, XML.
Wo kshop web si e: h p:// dg.lsi.us.es/woobs01
1 In oduc ion
E-comme ce is gaining cu ency as he In e ne se les as a medium o ui ul comme -
cial ansac ions. Anyone wi h a c edi ca d and an In e ne -enabled de ice is a po en ial
cus ome , and his is he eason why no co po a ion can esis jumping on he e-comme ce
bandwagon. To achie e his goal, web-based, a ac i e, echnically obus applica ions
a e a co ne s one.
The e-wo ld cu en ly amoun s o million Eu os, and he unde lying so wa e indus y
is in es ing a lo o money in esea ching on new ools and de elopmen me hods so
ha hese applica ions can be buil a sensible cos s. This has en ailed adap ing exis ing
me hods and ools, which ha e usually been p ocedu al, o he new esou ces and means
he In e ne p o ides, bu a such a pace ha hey do no ha e enough ime o consolida e
be o e new p oposals sp ou ou .
Objec -o ien a ion and componen -based solu ions seem o be p omising and he
end owa ds inco po a ing hem seems o be se ling a an app op ia e pace. A he
Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 185
same ime, he complexi y o hese applica ions inc eases, and one o he easons lies in
he he e ogeneous na u e o he un- ime and de elopmen - ime aspec s o be aken in o
accoun : a chi ec u e, secu i y, a ac i eness, quali y o se ice, secu i y, obus ness,
and so on.
The aim o he wo kshop was o discuss he esea ch ca ied ou in uni e si ies and
indus ies o sol e he p oblems ela ed o he cons uc ion o e-comme ce applica ions
using objec -o ien ed echnology, ocusing on eal-wo ld indus ial expe iences and in-
no a i e in as uc u e o building e-comme ce solu ions (ECS). The main conclusions
o he wo kshop can be summa ised as ollows: (i) quali y-awa eness is an essen ial co -
ne s one o ECS; (ii) seman ic ce i ica ion seems a p omising ool whose bene i s may
be ex apola ed om he adi ional goods ma ke ; (iii) web se ices a e going o be he
nex gene a ion building blocks o ECS; (i ) adi ional middlewa es a e ading away
in he In e ne a ena; ( ) aspec -o ien a ion is he key o succeed in he managemen
and de elopmen o he di e en conce ns ha in e ac in an ECS; ( i) agen s play an
impo an ole because hey a e p o-ac i e and au onomous.
WOOBS a ac ed a a ie y o esea che s in e es ed in applying hei esul s o
p oducing ECS. As a esul , he wo kshop bene i ed om mul iple poin s o iew and
di e en pe spec i es and app oaches. Cu ing down he p og amme o ewe p esen-
a ions would ha e allowed mo e and deepe discussions, bu we hink ha b inging
oge he esea che s om such di e en disciplines p o ed use ul since he exchange o
ideas and expe iences was help ul in iden i ying a numbe o key opics and issues ha
need o be u he esea ched and will p obably help PhD s uden s o iden i y a clea
esea ch opic in his a ea.
In his epo , we go in o de ails abou he discussions and p esen a ions and show
how hey ela e o he abo e-men ioned conclusions. I is di ided in o i e sec ions:
Sec . 2 epo s on he in i ed alk; Sec . 3 summa ises he pape s ha we e accep ed;
Sec . 4 epo s on he colloquium ha ook place a e he au ho s p esen ed hei pape s;
inally, Sec . 5 shows ou main conclusions.
Nex edi ion o WOOBS will be held in he amewo k o he i h In e na ional
Con e ence on Business In o ma ion Sys ems (BIS) in Pozna´n, Poland, du ing Ap il
24–25, 2002 (h p://bis.kie.ae.poznan.pl/). In his new edi ion, we will
go in o deepe de ails abou he ho es opics we iden i ied du ing his edi ion and will
also epo on he esul s ob ained in he in e im.
2 In i ed Talk
P o esso Doc o Ku Geihs was he in i ed speake o WOOBS. He is a p o esso o
Compu e Science a he Technical Uni e si y o Be lin, and his esea ch and eaching
ocus on dis ibu ed sys ems and ope a ing sys ems. Cu en esea ch p ojec s ocus
on middlewa e and so wa e componen echnology o open dis ibu ed sys ems, ne -
wo k and sys em managemen , agen -based sys ems, and in as uc u es o In e ne
applica ions. He ecei ed a Diplom-In o ma ike deg ee om he Technical Uni e si y
Da ms ad , Ge many, a M.Sc. deg ee in Compu e Science om he Uni e si y o Cal-
i o nia, Los Angeles, USA, and a Ph.D. deg ee om he Technical Uni e si y Aachen,
Ge many.Hewo ked o he IBMEu opean Ne wo kingCen e inHeidelbe g,Ge many,
186 R. Co chuelo e al.
be o e joining he academia. He was a p o esso o Compu e Science a he Uni e si y
o F ank u un il June 2001.
Du ing his lec u e, p o esso Geihs alked o us abou he impo ance o Quali y
o Se ice (QoS) in he de elopmen o nex gene a ion e-comme ce applica ions. I
cons i u es one o hei co ne s ones and challenges he es ablished middlewa e design
p inciples because hey usually p o ide nai e abs ac ions o he unde lying machine y
ha a e quickly b oken as soon as QoS issues such as bandwid h luc ua ion o pa ial
ailu es a e aken in o accoun .
He discussed how dis ibu ed objec sys ems ha ely on a s anda dised middlewa e
laye , CORBA in his case, can be ex ended so as o deal wi h QoS equi emen s in an
easible bu s ill abs ac way. He ocused on he esul s o wo p ojec s called MAQS and
QCCS, and p esen ed hei app oaches, goals and p elimina y esul s. A sho abs ac
o hese p ojec s ollows.
A Managemen A chi ec u e o Quali y o Se ice (MAQS). A pa o he in i ed
alk ocused on how he esul s o he MAQS p ojec can be used o in eg a e QoS con-
ce ns in o an objec -o ien ed middlewa e such as CORBA. Usually, hei mos publicised
ea u e is ha hey p o ide high-le el abs ac ions o he unde lying dis ibu ed compu-
a ional machine y by means o which a p og amme can wo k wi h his o he objec s
as i hey esided on he same machine. Howe e , such a le el o anspa ency is quickly
b oken as soon as he p og amme comes down o ea h and has o deal wi h pa ial
ailu es, bandwid h luc ua ion, secu i y conce ns, ansmission e o s, and so on.All o
hese p oblems need o be add essed du ing he cons uc ion o an ECS, and, he e o e,
i would be desi able o a middlewa e o be able o deal wi h hem in an elegan , obus ,
easy- o-use way.
The MAQS p ojec add esses he in eg a ion o QoS conce ns in o ECS, o mo e
gene ally, dis ibu ed sys ems in a b oad sense, a bo h design/ implemen a ion ime
and un ime. A design/implemen a ion ime, QoS speci ica ions ha e o be p o ided,
and hey mus be in an adequa e o ma so ha nego ia ion, moni o ing, and adap a ion
is possible and easy o map in o p og amming languages such as C++ o Ja a. A un
ime, QoS-awa e in e ac ion can be u he decomposed in o h ee s eps: Es ablishmen
o a connec ion, in e ac ion i sel , and shu ing down. Du ing he es ablishemen o an
in e ac ion, bo h clien s and se e s nego ia e he le el o quali y hey equi e and can
p o ide, espec i ely, which mainly depends on he a ailabili y o esou ces; du ing a
QoS-awa e in e ac ion, moni o ing is used o ensu e he se e p o ides i s se ices a
he QoS le el i p omised ( enego ia ion may be needed i i canno achie e such a le el);
when a clien inishes using a se ice, he in e ac ion is closed and he esou ces i used
a e eed and cha ged i necessa y.
Geihs’s eam has ecen ly buil a amewo k p o o ype o QoS in eg a ion based
on he esul s o he MAQS p ojec . I elies on MICO, a public domain CORBA 2.3
implemen a ion ini ially de eloped by his eam, and i s co e is an ex ension o CORBA
IDL called QIDL ha o e s wo new cons uc s o de ining QoS in e aces and assign-
ing hem o se ice in e aces. A QoS in e ace de ines a concep ual a e ac ha mus
be implemen ed o ensu e a gi en componen implemen s a ce ain quali y le el. I s
de ini ion consis s o a numbe o QoS pa ame e s ha de ine he s a e o such a e ac s
Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 187
o help de ine wha a clien equi es and a se e may p o ide, and a numbe o QoS
ope a ions ha can be used o e ie e in o ma ion o in luence he beha iou o a QoS
a e ac .
Todemons a e he easibili yo hisapp oach,Geihs’s eamha eused he amewo k
o build se e al QoS a e ac s ha include a simple mul icas and g oup-membe ship
p o ocol ha can be used o o ing and pooling, as well as a mechanism o s eaming
and load balancing. The esul s abou load balancing a e being applied in a join p ojec
wi h a majo Ge man bank because hey can help imp o e he esponse imes o he
in es men banking applica ions i uses.
Cu en wo k ocuses on comple ing he in as uc u e hey need o build eal-wo ld
applica ions ha need bo h moni o ing, esou ce con ol, accoun ing, billing and cha g-
ing. Thei cu en nego ia ion componen is also unde ho imp o emen because i is
only sui able o closed sys ems unde he assump ion ha se ices do no op imise hei
p o i using any knowledge abou a clien ’s p e e ences. Geihs’s eam is esea ching on
s a egies o open dis ibu ed sys ems whe e his assump ion does no hold in gene al.
Quali y-Con olled Componen -Based So wa e De elopmen . Ano he pa o he
in i ed alk ocused on he QCCS p ojec , which aims a esea ching a new app oach
o componen -based so wa e cons uc ion in which QoS conce ns can be modelled
independen ly om unc ionali y. P o esso Geihs hinks ha quali y is he only way o
succeed in achie ing a highe deg ee o eusabili y, adap abili y and composabili y han
adi ional echniques.
QCCSdealswi h he ollowingquali y aspec s: unc ionalbeha iou ,s uc u al p op-
e ies, synch onisa ion p ope ies, and use cons ain s. Componen s ha ha e been de-
signed acco ding o he QCCS me hodology will ha e p o en p ope ies which a e
speci ied in con ac s and can hus be sa ely applied o build complex se ices om
sc a ch by ins an ia ing s anda dised amewo ks.
Con ac s a e a co e pa o he QCCS me hodology. They a e he means a p og am-
me can use o speci y wha his o he componen s can do and how good he esul s will
be, o wha hey expec om o he componen s. They can be classi ied in o he ollowing
ca ego ies: (i) Basic con ac s, which consis o he de ini ion o a syn ac ic in e ace, (ii)
synch onisa ion con ac s, which speci y how componen s esiding on di e en nodes
can collabo a e synch onously, and (iii) QoS con ac s, which desc ibe issues such as
pe o mance o eliabili y.
P o esso Geihs used he ollowing example o explain u he hese concep s: con-
side , o ins ance, a da abase ha s o es eplica ed da a on se e al nodes o he sake
o obus ness and aul - ole ance. Da a canno be eplica ed ins an aneously, so he in-
o ma ion a di e en nodes may be empo a ily inconsis en due o ne wo k delays and
bandwid h luc ua ion. Using a QoS con ac amewo k, a clien can choose amongs
se e al con ac s he one ha bes sui s i s needs. A con ac migh ensu e, o ins ance,
ha a que y e u ns always he la es da a (wi h a p esumably high delay), whe eas an-
o he migh ensu e a que y e u ns he mos up- o-da e da a ound in less han, say, wo
seconds. Depending on he quali y a clien needs, a di e en con ac may be selec ed
dynamically a un ime.
188 R. Co chuelo e al.
Howe e , we a e no likely o succeed in he e e -demanding componen ma ke
unless we can deli e componen s ha implemen a gi en quali y le el in a sho pe iod
o ime. Thus, a echnique in which QoS conce ns a e sepa a ed om unc ionali y can
signi ican ly enhance main enance and adap a ion. This echnique is popula ly known as
Aspec -O ien ed P og amming (AOP) and i allows o de elop pa ial implemen a ions
ha add ess pa icula aspec s ha can be wo en in o a single componen la e .
To me ge con ac -based design echniques and AOP, Geihs’s eam use he mul iple
iew modelling capabili ies o UML. The Objec Cons ain Language (OCL) is used
o speci y in a ian s, and p e- and pos -condi ions on he ope a ions ha cons i u e a
con ac . They ha e also de ined se e al domain-speci ic s e eo ypes o dealing wi h
quali y conce ns.
The me hodology and ools a e going o be alida ed using wo eal-wo ld appli-
ca ions. The i s one is a wo k low sys em ha aims a suppo ing business p ocesses
by p o iding ools ha acili a e coope a ion; he second one is a new In e ne -based
in o ma ion sys em ha helps use s e ie e in o ma ion abou a ce ain geog aphical o
adminis a i e egion.
3 Con ibu ions
O e o y pape s we e submi ed and pee - e iewed by wo o h ee membe s o he
p og amme commi ee. Only hi een we e inally accep ed o p esen a ion.
3.1 On De ining and Building Objec -O ien ed Views o Ad anced Applica ions
R. W embel
Pozna´n Uni e si y o Technology, Poland
Abs ac . Con empo a y in o ma ion sys ems should allow o ha e access a ious sou -
ces o da a main ained wi hin a company/ins i u ion o he pu pose o analysis. These
da a a e o en in di e en o ma s and ha e di e en complexi y, e.g. ela ional, objec -
o ien ed, semis uc u ed, HTML, sp eadshee s, la iles. This da a he e ogenei y causes
di icul ies in accessing hem. The e a e wo app oaches o he in eg a ion o he e oge-
neous da a sou ces, namely, a i ual app oach and a da a wa ehouse app oach. A e y
impo an mechanism applied in da a in eg a ion is a iew. Fo he in eg a ion o da a
ha ing complex s uc u e objec -o ien ed iews a e e y p omising. In his pape we
p esen : he concep o an objec -o ien ed iew o he applica ion in objec - ela ional
da awa ehousing sys em, heissuesconce ning objec -o ien ed iew ma e ialisa ionand
main enance, he p o o ype sys em ha we ha e implemen ed, and some expe imen al
esul s.
3.2 CBR-BDI Agen s o an E-Comme ce En i onmen
J.M. Co chado
Uni e si y o Salamanca, Spain
Abs ac . This pape shows how o build delibe a i e agen s using case-based eason-
ing sys ems. Delibe a i e agen s and Case-based Reasoning sys ems a e p esen ed. The

Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 189
ad an ages and disad an ages o delibe a i e agen s a e ou lined and hen i is shown
how o sol e some o hei incon enien s, especially hose ela ed o hei implemen a-
ion and adap a ion. The In e ne has eme ged as one o he mos popula ehicles o
dissemina ing and sha ing in o ma ion h ough compu e ne wo ks.A mul iagen -based
sys em o e-business, in which CBR-BDI agen s ha e been used, is also p esen ed and
e alua ed in his pape .
3.3 Agen space as a Middlewa e o E-Comme ce Applica ions
S. Amb oszkiewicz and T. Nowak
Polish Academy o Sciences, Poland
Abs ac .Agen space is an eme ging en i onmen esul ing om p ocess au oma ion in
he In e ne and Web. I is supposed ha au onomous so wa e (mobile) agen s p o ide
he au oma ion. The agen s ealize he goals delega ed o hem by hei human mas e s.
In e ope abili y is c ucial o assu e meaning ul in e ac ion, communica ion and coope -
a ion be ween he e ogeneous agen s and se ices. In o de o ealize he goals, he agen s
mus c ea e, manage and econ igu e complex wo k lows. Ou esea ch aims a ex ac -
ing a minimum ha is necessa y and su icien o p o iding anspa ency be ween use s
and se ices, i.e. o joining applica ions as se ices in agen space on he one hand and
o using hem by he e ogeneous agen s (on behal o hei use s) on he o he hand.
3.4 In elligen Agen s and XML – A Me hod o Accessing Webpo als in Bo h
B2C and B2B E-Comme ce
J.R. Mühlbache , S. Reisinge , and M. Sonn ag
Johannes Keple Uni e si ä , Aus ia
Abs ac . In E-Comme ce oday webpo als a e impo an and also in elligen agen s
g ow in signi icance. Ou app oach is o combine hem in designing webpo als and
in e aces o bo h use s and agen s. In his pape we discuss he p oblems in au oma -
ically accessing po als and possible solu ions o hem h ough using OOM me hods.
The solu ion selec ed by us, using an XML-based s anda d and dynamically econ ig-
u able p o ocols, is desc ibed a e wa ds and he me hods used a e shown. We also
b ie ly p esen an example, a webpo al o spo s in o ma ion o gi e an imp ession o
a p ac ical applica ion.
3.5 Coo dina ion Technologies o Business S a egy Suppo – A Case S udy in
S ockT ading
G. Kou soukos1, T. Ko idis2, L. And ade1,3, J.L. Fiadei o3,5, J. Gou eia1, and
M. We melinge 3,4
1OBLOG So wa e, Po ugal; 2Accen u e, UK; 3ATX So wa e, Po ugal; 4Uni e sidade
No a de Lisboa, Po ugal; 5Uni e sidade de Lisboa, Po ugal
Abs ac . In oday’s global and highly compe i i e business en i onmen s, o he ques-
ion o whe he echnology is o ming business o ice- e sa, o ganiza ions a e eplying
190 R. Co chuelo e al.
by in eg a ing hei business and IT s a egies, hus using echnology o do business. On-
linebusinessand i ualo ganiza ionsis he end ase-comme ce numbe sa e inc easing
and he eme ging wi eless da a echnologies a e uelling he c ea ion o new business
oppo uni ies. Flexibili y, inno a ion and change ha e become c i ical success ac o s
o e e y business o ganiza ion. Business s a egies ha e now, mo e and mo e, a sho -
e m ime ho izon and, o he i s ime, can be pu in p ac ice by in- o ma ion sys ems
alone (s a egic in o ma ion sys ems). As a consequence, he e is an inc easing p es-
su e o building so wa e sys ems ha a e dynamically econ igu able and adap i e o
changes imposed ei he by echnology inno a ion o new business needs. Un o una ely,
OO languages and he echnologies associa ed wi h componen -based amewo ks ha e
allen sho o e-d essing his si ua ion, which may explain why so wa e eams a e s ill
s uggling o compe e wi h he as business and echnology e olu ion and, as shown by
nume ous scien i ic s udies on la ge-scale so wa e sys ems, mo e han 80% o he o al
cos o so wa e de elopmen is s ill de o ed o so wa e main enance.
In his pape we show how a new seman ic p imi i e (coo dina ion con ac ) ha we
p esen edp e iouslyas anex ension oOO modelinglanguages, oge he wi h he design
pa e ns ha suppo i s implemen a ion o e componen -based pla o ms, can be used
in suppo o a new app oach o Business Modeling based on he de ini ion o “so wa e
s a egiclib a ies”and( e)con igu a ionmechanisms ha willdeli e “business eac i e”
in o ma ion sys ems. We p esen ou case on he basis o some simple, bu eal-li e
examples om he S ock-T ading indus y. We discuss why OO echniques such as
inhe i ance and clien ship a e oo s a ic and whi e-box in o de o model and implemen
such ola ile asse s and we p esen how coo dina ion con ac s can p o ide a mo e
dynamic modeling and implemen a ion al e na i e. We, also, illus a e how con ac s
p omo e he idea o building sys ems using lib a ies o s able componen s and s a egic
e ol ing componen s, allowing o ganiza ions o cope wi h he ola ili y and u bulence
o oday’s business en i onmen s.
3.6 A DPE A chi ec u e Suppo ing he Deploymen o Dis ibu ed Applica ions
T. Li, A. Ho mann, M. Bo n, and I. Schie e decke
GMD FOKUS, Ge many
Abs ac .Wi h he unp eceden edinc easeo he complexi yo oday’sdis ibu edappli-
ca ions he deploymen o such applica ions on o he e ogeneous middlewa e pla o ms
becomes mo e and mo e a challenge o he de elope and adminis a o o such appli-
ca ions. Deploymen o dis ibu ed sys ems encompasses he dis ibu ion as well as he
con igu a ion o hei componen s. The Eu escom p ojec P924 a ge s concep s, me h-
ods, and no a ions o he deploymen o dis ibu ed componen -based applica ions on o
a ge middlewa e pla o ms. In his pape , we ocus on his p ojec ’s pla o m aspec s.
A DPE a chi ec u e o suppo he deploymen o dis ibu ed applica ion is elabo a ed.
Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 191
3.7 T ansac ion Se ices o Business Objec s Middlewa e
J. Nummenmaa1and P. Thanisch2
1Uni e si y o Tampe e, Finland; 2Uni e si y o Edinbu gh, Sco land
Abs ac . T ansac ion p ocessing sys ems ensu e ha p ope ies such as a omici y and
isola ion hold o ansac ions execu ing in a dis ibu ed, mul i-use en i onmen . I is
now ecognised ha hese ansac ional p ope ies a e use ul o a much wide class
o business objec applica ions. Howe e , i is no o iously di icul o de elop obus
so wa e ha p o ides such se ices in a ailu e-p one dis ibu ed en i onmen . Con-
sequen ly, do-i -you sel ansac ional acili ies ha e been inco po a ed in he leading
dis ibu ed objec s middlewa e pla o ms. The use o such ansac ional acili ies comes
a a compu a ional cos . Fu he mo e, some dis ibu ed objec s applica ions a e oo com-
plica ed o bene i om hese acili ies. In iew o his, we p oduce check-lis s o c i e ia
o de e mine whe he a dis ibu ed business objec s applica ion can use ully exploi
ansac ional se ices. We also discuss some po en ial p oblems.
3.8 T anspa en Dis ibu ion in he A a an Web Applica ion Se e
F. Sánchez, J.M. Mu illo, R. Rod íguez, P. Bachille , A. Gazo, A. Gómez, J.L. González,
and M. Sánchez
Uni e si y o Ex emadu a, Spain
Abs ac .In hispape wep esen anexpe ienceusing heAspec O ien ed P og amming
pa adigm (AOP) o ob ain a anspa en and middlewa e independen objec dis ibu ion
inA a an,aWebApplica ionSe e (WAS)de elopedinTelese e ,aSpanishcompany.
The aim is allowing he p og amme s o se e applica ions using Co ba o Ja aRmi
wi hou mixing he dis ibu ion code wi h he unc ional one, p omo ing eusabili y and
adap abili y. This wo k is being de eloped unde a con ac be ween Telese e and he
Uni e si y o Ex emadu a wi h he aim o doing applied esea ch. This is only a pa o
he whole wo k whe e we a e imp o ing he WAS using o he objec o ien ed concep s.
3.9 A Pe o mance Assessmen Model o Web-Based CORBA Applica ions
J. Hosszú
Budapes Uni e si y o Technology and Economics, Hunga y
Abs ac .This pape p esen s how disc e e e en simula ion canbeused o pe o mance
e alua ion o dis ibu ed sys ems. gene al aspec s o building he mul i-laye ed objec -
o ien ed simula ion model, sample applica ion, and measu emen esul s o a ious
con igu a ions a e in oduced.
The analysis ocuses on scalabili y, h oughpu and la ency o la ge scale dis ibu ed
sys ems, which a e c i ical pe o mance issues in e-comme ce applica ions. Using he
me hod, pe o mance o a sys em may be assessed wi hou deploying i . Howe e , he
echnology being conside ed ely on he Common Objec -Reques B oke A chi ec u e,
he model can be adop ed o o he dis ibu ed echnologies as well.
192 R. Co chuelo e al.
3.10 On Dynamic Se ice Composi ion and I s Applicabili y o E-Business
So wa e Sys ems
V. Tosic1, D. Mennie2, and B. Pagu ek1
1Ca le on Uni e si y, Canada; 2The Bulldog G oup Inc., Canada
Abs ac . This pape discusses dynamic se ice composi ion and i s applicabili y o e-
business so wa e sys ems. I also p esen s he ICARIS a chi ec u e o dynamic se ice
composi ion and i s applica ion o dynamic, on-demand es ablishmen o secu i y and
us ela ionships.Addi ion o secu i y ex ensions o a B2C e-comme ce sys em is used
o illus a e dynamic se ice composi ion in ICARIS.
Dynamic se ice composi ion is he p ocess o c ea ing new se ices a un- ime
om a se o se ice componen s. S a ic (design- ime o deploymen - ime) so wa e
composi ion is no lexible and agile enough o accommoda e equen un ime changes
o equi emen s and/o ope a ional ci cums ances ha canno be an icipa ed in ad ance.
Dynamic se ice composi ion enables un- ime cons uc ion o new, po en ially unan-
icipa ed, se ices, while minimizing bo h human in ol emen and dis up ion o sys em
ope a ion. The po en ial bene i s o g ea e sys em lexibili y, agili y, and a ailabili y a e
c ucial in many e-business sys ems ha ha e o cope wi h he cons an change o echni-
cal and business ci cums ances and inc eased di e si y and mobili y o use s, sys ems,
and esou ces.
ICARIS is a gene al-pu pose dynamic se ice composi ion a chi ec u e based on
Jini, Ja aBeans, and XML. As he esea ch goal was o explo e maximal euse o ex-
is ing echnologies, he base echnologies we e no modi ied. Howe e , he Jini Lookup
Se ice was ex ended o suppo seman ically ich XML se ice speci ica ions and hei
ad anced (" uzzy") ma ching. In addi ion, ICARIS has buil -in mechanisms o p e-
en ing ailed composi ions and unexpec ed un ime ea u e in e ac ions. The ICARIS
a chi ec u e suppo s h ee composi ion echniques: composi e se ice in e ace, s and-
alone composi e se ice using he pipe-and- il e a chi ec u e s yle, and s and-alone
composi e se ice wi h he single body o code. ICARIS was success ully used in he
Composable Secu i y Applica ion o in oduce secu i y se ices in o applica ions ha
we e no o iginally designed wi h secu i y mechanisms. This expe imen showed ia-
bili y and easibili y o sugges ed concep s and demons a ed applicabili y o dynamic
se ice composi ion in e-business sys ems.
3.11 An XML-Based E-Comme ce A chi ec u e P oposal
F.J. Ga cía, M.N. Mo eno, and J.A. He nández
Uni e si y o Salamanca, Spain
Abs ac .We p esen an e-comme ce a chi ec u e p oposal by means o which an o gan-
isa ion can easily jump on he i ual comme ce bandwagon, expanding i s ma ke space
o unexpec ed limi s, wha e e i s size is. Aiming a easing he implemen a ion, we
p opose he de elopmen o a so wa e ool ha allows he de ini ion, publica ion and
upda e o a ca alogue o p oduc s, and he se ing up o a web se e a chi ec u e ha
allows clien s o ha e access o i . To c ea e a uni o m en i onmen , he a chi ec u e
Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 199
Summing up, he apid e olu ion o he In e ne demands an e e -inc easing abili y
o adap o a medium ha is in con inuous change and e olu ion, hus au oma isa ion
is he key o succeeding. S udying MOWS om an abs ac poin o iew and adap ing
cu en me hodologies and ools o he hei speci ic ea u es may help iden i ying key
p oblems ha a e inhe en o hese sys ems.
Nex , we summa ise some o ou conclusions, some o he p oblems we iden i ied,
and he solu ions we ske ched a WOOBS:
In as uc u e:
1. T adi ional middlewa es such as CORBA will keep playing a p ominen ole in
he design o back-ends.
2. I seems ha p o ocols such as HTTP o SOAP will eplace adi ional middle-
wa es in he In e ne a ena.
De elopmen :
1. Aspec -o ien a ion is one o he keys in succeeding in he de elopmen o com-
plex web-se ices in which many mu ually-in luencing aspec s a e me ged and
combined.
2. Agen s may be iewed as an enabling echnology o build ECS ha can sea ch
o in o ma ion on he In e ne .
3. In o ma ion e ie al may be exp essed as an independen aspec , and will help
e ol ingso wa e.Howe e ,i isnecessa y oadap agen se ices o heIn e ne
se ing so ha hey can de elop hei ull po en ial in ECS.
4. The seman ic gap be ween he on ologies di e en da a sou ces use is one o
he main p oblems o be add essed. Banks o on ologies and mappings be ween
hem a e necessa y.
5. Mul ipa y coo dina ion models a e necessa y, chie ly in ECS in which se e al
pa ies need o nego ia e and each ag eemen s on-line.
Ce i ica ion:
1. I is necessa y o gua an ee a se ice implemen s wha i s speci ica ion s a es.
Ce i ica ion seems a p omising ool.
2. Ce i ica ion allow clien s o use gua an ee ce i ica es as i hey we e buying
adi ional goods. This concep is no el in he so wa e a ena.
Quali y:
1. Op imali y and con o mance seem o be he co ne s ones o quali y.
2. Quali y documen s mus be o malised so ha hey allow au oma ic checking.
Fu he mo e, quali y documen s mus include bo h QoS clauses on a ibu es
suchasdelays, ji ingo mean ime o ails,and highe -le elclauses ona ibu es
such as cos pe connec ion, secu i y le el o binding policies.
3. I is necessa y o ex end cu en a chi ec u al desc ip ion languages so ha hey
can ake quali y equi emen s in o accoun , and i is necessa y o ex end cu en
dis ibu ed un- ime pla o ms such as CORBA, COM+ o .NET so ha quali y
documen s a e i s -class elemen s.
4. I is necessa y o include quali y moni o ing mechanisms so ha i is possible
o check i he p o ide o a web se ice ul ills he quali y le el ag eemen i
eached wi h a cus ome .

200 R. Co chuelo e al.
The impo ance o MOWS in he cu en e-wo ld su icien ly jus i ies he s udy
o a new pa adigm called WOP (Web-O ien ed P og amming). The goal is o p o ide
so wa e a chi ec s wi h a numbe o ools o sol e c i ical p oblems such as op imali y
and con o mance, which a e bo h closely ela ed o he au oma ic managemen and
nego ia ion o quali y equi emen s.
Resou ces
–BIZTALK. h p://www.biz alk.o g
–ebXML. h p://www.ebxml.o g
–MAQS p ojec .
h p://www. sb.in o ma ik.uni- ank u .de/maqs/P ojec .h ml
–QCCS p ojec . h p://www.qccs.o g
–SET (Secu e Elec onic T ansac ion). h p://www.se co.o g
–UDDI (Uni e sal Desc ip ion, Disco e y and In eg a ion o Business o he Web).
h p://www.uddi.o g
–UMTS (Uni e sal Mobile Telecommunica ions Sys em).
h p://www.um s- o um.o g
–Web se ices (by Mic oso ).
h p://msdn.mic oso .com/msdnmag/issues/0900/WebPla o m/
WebPla o m.asp
–Web se ices (by Sun). h p://www.sun.com/so wa e/sunone
Acknowledgemen s. Fi s and o emos , he o ganise s o WOOBS would like o hank
all o he pa icipan s o he wo kshop, including he membe s o he p og amme com-
mi ee, o hei ha d wo k be o e, du ing and a e he wo kshop; hey a e esponsible
o i s g ea deal o success. We also hank he o ganise s o he ECOOP con e ence o
hei help and con inuous suppo . I i had no been o hem, WOOBS would no ha e
been possible.
Finally, we would also like o hank A e Bade , because we go inspi a ion o
ou e alua ion o m om a p e ious one he designed, Mic oso and Tel en (Abengoa
G oup) o hei gene ous inancial suppo , Fundación Din el o hei gene ous supply
o ma e ial, Sadiel o hei suppo in p ojec GEOZOCO, and Cibe Su o hei
co e age o he e en .