Object-Oriented Business Solutions

Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions Ra ael Co chuelo1, An onio Ruiz1, Jö g R. Mühlbache 2, and Jesús D. Ga cía-Consueg a3 1Uni e sidad de Se illa, Dp o. de Lenguajes y Sis emas In o má icos A da. de la Reina Me cedes, s/n. E-41012 Se illa, Spain {co chu, a uiz}@lsi.us.es;h p:// dg.lsi.us.es 2Johannes Keple Uni e si ä , Ins i u ü In o ma ions e a bei ung und Mik op ozesso echnik Al enbe ge s aße, 69. A-4040 Linz, Aus ia [email p o ec ed];h p://www. im.uni-linz.ac.a 3Uni e sidad de Cas illa-La Mancha, Dp o. de In o má ica Campus Uni e si a io, s/n. E-02071 Albace e, Spain [email p o ec ed];h p://www.in o-ab.uclm.es/gsid Abs ac . This epo summa ises hep esen a ions,discussions,andmain esul s o he ECOOP’01 Wo kshop on Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions (WOOBS). I was no a pu e scien i ic mee ing, bu a mixed ga he ing whe e people om he indus y and he academia me o exchange ideas, expe iences and build a ne - wo k o ela ionships wi h o he s commi ed o he eme gence o objec -o ien ed business solu ions. WOOBS had an in i ed alk on quali y o se ice, wel e p e- sen a ions and li ely discussions du ing and a e hem. The main conclusions we e on he impo ance o Mul i-O ganisa ional Web-Based Sys ems in oday’s e-comme ce wo ld, which jus i ies he s udy o a new mul idisciplina y pa adigm called Web-O ien ed P og amming. Keywo ds. agen s, aspec -o ien a ion, coo dina ion, da abases, dis ibu ion, e- comme ce, middlewa es, ansac ions, web se ices, XML. Wo kshop web si e: h p:// dg.lsi.us.es/woobs01 1 In oduc ion E-comme ce is gaining cu ency as he In e ne se les as a medium o ui ul comme - cial ansac ions. Anyone wi h a c edi ca d and an In e ne -enabled de ice is a po en ial cus ome , and his is he eason why no co po a ion can esis jumping on he e-comme ce bandwagon. To achie e his goal, web-based, a ac i e, echnically obus applica ions a e a co ne s one. The e-wo ld cu en ly amoun s o million Eu os, and he unde lying so wa e indus y is in es ing a lo o money in esea ching on new ools and de elopmen me hods so ha hese applica ions can be buil a sensible cos s. This has en ailed adap ing exis ing me hods and ools, which ha e usually been p ocedu al, o he new esou ces and means he In e ne p o ides, bu a such a pace ha hey do no ha e enough ime o consolida e be o e new p oposals sp ou ou . Objec -o ien a ion and componen -based solu ions seem o be p omising and he end owa ds inco po a ing hem seems o be se ling a an app op ia e pace. A he Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 185 same ime, he complexi y o hese applica ions inc eases, and one o he easons lies in he he e ogeneous na u e o he un- ime and de elopmen - ime aspec s o be aken in o accoun : a chi ec u e, secu i y, a ac i eness, quali y o se ice, secu i y, obus ness, and so on. The aim o he wo kshop was o discuss he esea ch ca ied ou in uni e si ies and indus ies o sol e he p oblems ela ed o he cons uc ion o e-comme ce applica ions using objec -o ien ed echnology, ocusing on eal-wo ld indus ial expe iences and in- no a i e in as uc u e o building e-comme ce solu ions (ECS). The main conclusions o he wo kshop can be summa ised as ollows: (i) quali y-awa eness is an essen ial co - ne s one o ECS; (ii) seman ic ce i ica ion seems a p omising ool whose bene i s may be ex apola ed om he adi ional goods ma ke ; (iii) web se ices a e going o be he nex gene a ion building blocks o ECS; (i ) adi ional middlewa es a e ading away in he In e ne a ena; ( ) aspec -o ien a ion is he key o succeed in he managemen and de elopmen o he di e en conce ns ha in e ac in an ECS; ( i) agen s play an impo an ole because hey a e p o-ac i e and au onomous. WOOBS a ac ed a a ie y o esea che s in e es ed in applying hei esul s o p oducing ECS. As a esul , he wo kshop bene i ed om mul iple poin s o iew and di e en pe spec i es and app oaches. Cu ing down he p og amme o ewe p esen- a ions would ha e allowed mo e and deepe discussions, bu we hink ha b inging oge he esea che s om such di e en disciplines p o ed use ul since he exchange o ideas and expe iences was help ul in iden i ying a numbe o key opics and issues ha need o be u he esea ched and will p obably help PhD s uden s o iden i y a clea esea ch opic in his a ea. In his epo , we go in o de ails abou he discussions and p esen a ions and show how hey ela e o he abo e-men ioned conclusions. I is di ided in o i e sec ions: Sec . 2 epo s on he in i ed alk; Sec . 3 summa ises he pape s ha we e accep ed; Sec . 4 epo s on he colloquium ha ook place a e he au ho s p esen ed hei pape s; inally, Sec . 5 shows ou main conclusions. Nex edi ion o WOOBS will be held in he amewo k o he i h In e na ional Con e ence on Business In o ma ion Sys ems (BIS) in Pozna´n, Poland, du ing Ap il 24–25, 2002 (h p://bis.kie.ae.poznan.pl/). In his new edi ion, we will go in o deepe de ails abou he ho es opics we iden i ied du ing his edi ion and will also epo on he esul s ob ained in he in e im. 2 In i ed Talk P o esso Doc o Ku Geihs was he in i ed speake o WOOBS. He is a p o esso o Compu e Science a he Technical Uni e si y o Be lin, and his esea ch and eaching ocus on dis ibu ed sys ems and ope a ing sys ems. Cu en esea ch p ojec s ocus on middlewa e and so wa e componen echnology o open dis ibu ed sys ems, ne - wo k and sys em managemen , agen -based sys ems, and in as uc u es o In e ne applica ions. He ecei ed a Diplom-In o ma ike deg ee om he Technical Uni e si y Da ms ad , Ge many, a M.Sc. deg ee in Compu e Science om he Uni e si y o Cal- i o nia, Los Angeles, USA, and a Ph.D. deg ee om he Technical Uni e si y Aachen, Ge many.Hewo ked o he IBMEu opean Ne wo kingCen e inHeidelbe g,Ge many, 186 R. Co chuelo e al. be o e joining he academia. He was a p o esso o Compu e Science a he Uni e si y o F ank u un il June 2001. Du ing his lec u e, p o esso Geihs alked o us abou he impo ance o Quali y o Se ice (QoS) in he de elopmen o nex gene a ion e-comme ce applica ions. I cons i u es one o hei co ne s ones and challenges he es ablished middlewa e design p inciples because hey usually p o ide nai e abs ac ions o he unde lying machine y ha a e quickly b oken as soon as QoS issues such as bandwid h luc ua ion o pa ial ailu es a e aken in o accoun . He discussed how dis ibu ed objec sys ems ha ely on a s anda dised middlewa e laye , CORBA in his case, can be ex ended so as o deal wi h QoS equi emen s in an easible bu s ill abs ac way. He ocused on he esul s o wo p ojec s called MAQS and QCCS, and p esen ed hei app oaches, goals and p elimina y esul s. A sho abs ac o hese p ojec s ollows. A Managemen A chi ec u e o Quali y o Se ice (MAQS). A pa o he in i ed alk ocused on how he esul s o he MAQS p ojec can be used o in eg a e QoS con- ce ns in o an objec -o ien ed middlewa e such as CORBA. Usually, hei mos publicised ea u e is ha hey p o ide high-le el abs ac ions o he unde lying dis ibu ed compu- a ional machine y by means o which a p og amme can wo k wi h his o he objec s as i hey esided on he same machine. Howe e , such a le el o anspa ency is quickly b oken as soon as he p og amme comes down o ea h and has o deal wi h pa ial ailu es, bandwid h luc ua ion, secu i y conce ns, ansmission e o s, and so on.All o hese p oblems need o be add essed du ing he cons uc ion o an ECS, and, he e o e, i would be desi able o a middlewa e o be able o deal wi h hem in an elegan , obus , easy- o-use way. The MAQS p ojec add esses he in eg a ion o QoS conce ns in o ECS, o mo e gene ally, dis ibu ed sys ems in a b oad sense, a bo h design/ implemen a ion ime and un ime. A design/implemen a ion ime, QoS speci ica ions ha e o be p o ided, and hey mus be in an adequa e o ma so ha nego ia ion, moni o ing, and adap a ion is possible and easy o map in o p og amming languages such as C++ o Ja a. A un ime, QoS-awa e in e ac ion can be u he decomposed in o h ee s eps: Es ablishmen o a connec ion, in e ac ion i sel , and shu ing down. Du ing he es ablishemen o an in e ac ion, bo h clien s and se e s nego ia e he le el o quali y hey equi e and can p o ide, espec i ely, which mainly depends on he a ailabili y o esou ces; du ing a QoS-awa e in e ac ion, moni o ing is used o ensu e he se e p o ides i s se ices a he QoS le el i p omised ( enego ia ion may be needed i i canno achie e such a le el); when a clien inishes using a se ice, he in e ac ion is closed and he esou ces i used a e eed and cha ged i necessa y. Geihs’s eam has ecen ly buil a amewo k p o o ype o QoS in eg a ion based on he esul s o he MAQS p ojec . I elies on MICO, a public domain CORBA 2.3 implemen a ion ini ially de eloped by his eam, and i s co e is an ex ension o CORBA IDL called QIDL ha o e s wo new cons uc s o de ining QoS in e aces and assign- ing hem o se ice in e aces. A QoS in e ace de ines a concep ual a e ac ha mus be implemen ed o ensu e a gi en componen implemen s a ce ain quali y le el. I s de ini ion consis s o a numbe o QoS pa ame e s ha de ine he s a e o such a e ac s Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 187 o help de ine wha a clien equi es and a se e may p o ide, and a numbe o QoS ope a ions ha can be used o e ie e in o ma ion o in luence he beha iou o a QoS a e ac . Todemons a e he easibili yo hisapp oach,Geihs’s eamha eused he amewo k o build se e al QoS a e ac s ha include a simple mul icas and g oup-membe ship p o ocol ha can be used o o ing and pooling, as well as a mechanism o s eaming and load balancing. The esul s abou load balancing a e being applied in a join p ojec wi h a majo Ge man bank because hey can help imp o e he esponse imes o he in es men banking applica ions i uses. Cu en wo k ocuses on comple ing he in as uc u e hey need o build eal-wo ld applica ions ha need bo h moni o ing, esou ce con ol, accoun ing, billing and cha g- ing. Thei cu en nego ia ion componen is also unde ho imp o emen because i is only sui able o closed sys ems unde he assump ion ha se ices do no op imise hei p o i using any knowledge abou a clien ’s p e e ences. Geihs’s eam is esea ching on s a egies o open dis ibu ed sys ems whe e his assump ion does no hold in gene al. Quali y-Con olled Componen -Based So wa e De elopmen . Ano he pa o he in i ed alk ocused on he QCCS p ojec , which aims a esea ching a new app oach o componen -based so wa e cons uc ion in which QoS conce ns can be modelled independen ly om unc ionali y. P o esso Geihs hinks ha quali y is he only way o succeed in achie ing a highe deg ee o eusabili y, adap abili y and composabili y han adi ional echniques. QCCSdealswi h he ollowingquali y aspec s: unc ionalbeha iou ,s uc u al p op- e ies, synch onisa ion p ope ies, and use cons ain s. Componen s ha ha e been de- signed acco ding o he QCCS me hodology will ha e p o en p ope ies which a e speci ied in con ac s and can hus be sa ely applied o build complex se ices om sc a ch by ins an ia ing s anda dised amewo ks. Con ac s a e a co e pa o he QCCS me hodology. They a e he means a p og am- me can use o speci y wha his o he componen s can do and how good he esul s will be, o wha hey expec om o he componen s. They can be classi ied in o he ollowing ca ego ies: (i) Basic con ac s, which consis o he de ini ion o a syn ac ic in e ace, (ii) synch onisa ion con ac s, which speci y how componen s esiding on di e en nodes can collabo a e synch onously, and (iii) QoS con ac s, which desc ibe issues such as pe o mance o eliabili y. P o esso Geihs used he ollowing example o explain u he hese concep s: con- side , o ins ance, a da abase ha s o es eplica ed da a on se e al nodes o he sake o obus ness and aul - ole ance. Da a canno be eplica ed ins an aneously, so he in- o ma ion a di e en nodes may be empo a ily inconsis en due o ne wo k delays and bandwid h luc ua ion. Using a QoS con ac amewo k, a clien can choose amongs se e al con ac s he one ha bes sui s i s needs. A con ac migh ensu e, o ins ance, ha a que y e u ns always he la es da a (wi h a p esumably high delay), whe eas an- o he migh ensu e a que y e u ns he mos up- o-da e da a ound in less han, say, wo seconds. Depending on he quali y a clien needs, a di e en con ac may be selec ed dynamically a un ime. 188 R. Co chuelo e al. Howe e , we a e no likely o succeed in he e e -demanding componen ma ke unless we can deli e componen s ha implemen a gi en quali y le el in a sho pe iod o ime. Thus, a echnique in which QoS conce ns a e sepa a ed om unc ionali y can signi ican ly enhance main enance and adap a ion. This echnique is popula ly known as Aspec -O ien ed P og amming (AOP) and i allows o de elop pa ial implemen a ions ha add ess pa icula aspec s ha can be wo en in o a single componen la e . To me ge con ac -based design echniques and AOP, Geihs’s eam use he mul iple iew modelling capabili ies o UML. The Objec Cons ain Language (OCL) is used o speci y in a ian s, and p e- and pos -condi ions on he ope a ions ha cons i u e a con ac . They ha e also de ined se e al domain-speci ic s e eo ypes o dealing wi h quali y conce ns. The me hodology and ools a e going o be alida ed using wo eal-wo ld appli- ca ions. The i s one is a wo k low sys em ha aims a suppo ing business p ocesses by p o iding ools ha acili a e coope a ion; he second one is a new In e ne -based in o ma ion sys em ha helps use s e ie e in o ma ion abou a ce ain geog aphical o adminis a i e egion. 3 Con ibu ions O e o y pape s we e submi ed and pee - e iewed by wo o h ee membe s o he p og amme commi ee. Only hi een we e inally accep ed o p esen a ion. 3.1 On De ining and Building Objec -O ien ed Views o Ad anced Applica ions R. W embel Pozna´n Uni e si y o Technology, Poland Abs ac . Con empo a y in o ma ion sys ems should allow o ha e access a ious sou - ces o da a main ained wi hin a company/ins i u ion o he pu pose o analysis. These da a a e o en in di e en o ma s and ha e di e en complexi y, e.g. ela ional, objec - o ien ed, semis uc u ed, HTML, sp eadshee s, la iles. This da a he e ogenei y causes di icul ies in accessing hem. The e a e wo app oaches o he in eg a ion o he e oge- neous da a sou ces, namely, a i ual app oach and a da a wa ehouse app oach. A e y impo an mechanism applied in da a in eg a ion is a iew. Fo he in eg a ion o da a ha ing complex s uc u e objec -o ien ed iews a e e y p omising. In his pape we p esen : he concep o an objec -o ien ed iew o he applica ion in objec - ela ional da awa ehousing sys em, heissuesconce ning objec -o ien ed iew ma e ialisa ionand main enance, he p o o ype sys em ha we ha e implemen ed, and some expe imen al esul s. 3.2 CBR-BDI Agen s o an E-Comme ce En i onmen J.M. Co chado Uni e si y o Salamanca, Spain Abs ac . This pape shows how o build delibe a i e agen s using case-based eason- ing sys ems. Delibe a i e agen s and Case-based Reasoning sys ems a e p esen ed. The Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 189 ad an ages and disad an ages o delibe a i e agen s a e ou lined and hen i is shown how o sol e some o hei incon enien s, especially hose ela ed o hei implemen a- ion and adap a ion. The In e ne has eme ged as one o he mos popula ehicles o dissemina ing and sha ing in o ma ion h ough compu e ne wo ks.A mul iagen -based sys em o e-business, in which CBR-BDI agen s ha e been used, is also p esen ed and e alua ed in his pape . 3.3 Agen space as a Middlewa e o E-Comme ce Applica ions S. Amb oszkiewicz and T. Nowak Polish Academy o Sciences, Poland Abs ac .Agen space is an eme ging en i onmen esul ing om p ocess au oma ion in he In e ne and Web. I is supposed ha au onomous so wa e (mobile) agen s p o ide he au oma ion. The agen s ealize he goals delega ed o hem by hei human mas e s. In e ope abili y is c ucial o assu e meaning ul in e ac ion, communica ion and coope - a ion be ween he e ogeneous agen s and se ices. In o de o ealize he goals, he agen s mus c ea e, manage and econ igu e complex wo k lows. Ou esea ch aims a ex ac - ing a minimum ha is necessa y and su icien o p o iding anspa ency be ween use s and se ices, i.e. o joining applica ions as se ices in agen space on he one hand and o using hem by he e ogeneous agen s (on behal o hei use s) on he o he hand. 3.4 In elligen Agen s and XML – A Me hod o Accessing Webpo als in Bo h B2C and B2B E-Comme ce J.R. Mühlbache , S. Reisinge , and M. Sonn ag Johannes Keple Uni e si ä , Aus ia Abs ac . In E-Comme ce oday webpo als a e impo an and also in elligen agen s g ow in signi icance. Ou app oach is o combine hem in designing webpo als and in e aces o bo h use s and agen s. In his pape we discuss he p oblems in au oma - ically accessing po als and possible solu ions o hem h ough using OOM me hods. The solu ion selec ed by us, using an XML-based s anda d and dynamically econ ig- u able p o ocols, is desc ibed a e wa ds and he me hods used a e shown. We also b ie ly p esen an example, a webpo al o spo s in o ma ion o gi e an imp ession o a p ac ical applica ion. 3.5 Coo dina ion Technologies o Business S a egy Suppo – A Case S udy in S ockT ading G. Kou soukos1, T. Ko idis2, L. And ade1,3, J.L. Fiadei o3,5, J. Gou eia1, and M. We melinge 3,4 1OBLOG So wa e, Po ugal; 2Accen u e, UK; 3ATX So wa e, Po ugal; 4Uni e sidade No a de Lisboa, Po ugal; 5Uni e sidade de Lisboa, Po ugal Abs ac . In oday’s global and highly compe i i e business en i onmen s, o he ques- ion o whe he echnology is o ming business o ice- e sa, o ganiza ions a e eplying 190 R. Co chuelo e al. by in eg a ing hei business and IT s a egies, hus using echnology o do business. On- linebusinessand i ualo ganiza ionsis he end ase-comme ce numbe sa e inc easing and he eme ging wi eless da a echnologies a e uelling he c ea ion o new business oppo uni ies. Flexibili y, inno a ion and change ha e become c i ical success ac o s o e e y business o ganiza ion. Business s a egies ha e now, mo e and mo e, a sho - e m ime ho izon and, o he i s ime, can be pu in p ac ice by in- o ma ion sys ems alone (s a egic in o ma ion sys ems). As a consequence, he e is an inc easing p es- su e o building so wa e sys ems ha a e dynamically econ igu able and adap i e o changes imposed ei he by echnology inno a ion o new business needs. Un o una ely, OO languages and he echnologies associa ed wi h componen -based amewo ks ha e allen sho o e-d essing his si ua ion, which may explain why so wa e eams a e s ill s uggling o compe e wi h he as business and echnology e olu ion and, as shown by nume ous scien i ic s udies on la ge-scale so wa e sys ems, mo e han 80% o he o al cos o so wa e de elopmen is s ill de o ed o so wa e main enance. In his pape we show how a new seman ic p imi i e (coo dina ion con ac ) ha we p esen edp e iouslyas anex ension oOO modelinglanguages, oge he wi h he design pa e ns ha suppo i s implemen a ion o e componen -based pla o ms, can be used in suppo o a new app oach o Business Modeling based on he de ini ion o “so wa e s a egiclib a ies”and( e)con igu a ionmechanisms ha willdeli e “business eac i e” in o ma ion sys ems. We p esen ou case on he basis o some simple, bu eal-li e examples om he S ock-T ading indus y. We discuss why OO echniques such as inhe i ance and clien ship a e oo s a ic and whi e-box in o de o model and implemen such ola ile asse s and we p esen how coo dina ion con ac s can p o ide a mo e dynamic modeling and implemen a ion al e na i e. We, also, illus a e how con ac s p omo e he idea o building sys ems using lib a ies o s able componen s and s a egic e ol ing componen s, allowing o ganiza ions o cope wi h he ola ili y and u bulence o oday’s business en i onmen s. 3.6 A DPE A chi ec u e Suppo ing he Deploymen o Dis ibu ed Applica ions T. Li, A. Ho mann, M. Bo n, and I. Schie e decke GMD FOKUS, Ge many Abs ac .Wi h he unp eceden edinc easeo he complexi yo oday’sdis ibu edappli- ca ions he deploymen o such applica ions on o he e ogeneous middlewa e pla o ms becomes mo e and mo e a challenge o he de elope and adminis a o o such appli- ca ions. Deploymen o dis ibu ed sys ems encompasses he dis ibu ion as well as he con igu a ion o hei componen s. The Eu escom p ojec P924 a ge s concep s, me h- ods, and no a ions o he deploymen o dis ibu ed componen -based applica ions on o a ge middlewa e pla o ms. In his pape , we ocus on his p ojec ’s pla o m aspec s. A DPE a chi ec u e o suppo he deploymen o dis ibu ed applica ion is elabo a ed. Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 191 3.7 T ansac ion Se ices o Business Objec s Middlewa e J. Nummenmaa1and P. Thanisch2 1Uni e si y o Tampe e, Finland; 2Uni e si y o Edinbu gh, Sco land Abs ac . T ansac ion p ocessing sys ems ensu e ha p ope ies such as a omici y and isola ion hold o ansac ions execu ing in a dis ibu ed, mul i-use en i onmen . I is now ecognised ha hese ansac ional p ope ies a e use ul o a much wide class o business objec applica ions. Howe e , i is no o iously di icul o de elop obus so wa e ha p o ides such se ices in a ailu e-p one dis ibu ed en i onmen . Con- sequen ly, do-i -you sel ansac ional acili ies ha e been inco po a ed in he leading dis ibu ed objec s middlewa e pla o ms. The use o such ansac ional acili ies comes a a compu a ional cos . Fu he mo e, some dis ibu ed objec s applica ions a e oo com- plica ed o bene i om hese acili ies. In iew o his, we p oduce check-lis s o c i e ia o de e mine whe he a dis ibu ed business objec s applica ion can use ully exploi ansac ional se ices. We also discuss some po en ial p oblems. 3.8 T anspa en Dis ibu ion in he A a an Web Applica ion Se e F. Sánchez, J.M. Mu illo, R. Rod íguez, P. Bachille , A. Gazo, A. Gómez, J.L. González, and M. Sánchez Uni e si y o Ex emadu a, Spain Abs ac .In hispape wep esen anexpe ienceusing heAspec O ien ed P og amming pa adigm (AOP) o ob ain a anspa en and middlewa e independen objec dis ibu ion inA a an,aWebApplica ionSe e (WAS)de elopedinTelese e ,aSpanishcompany. The aim is allowing he p og amme s o se e applica ions using Co ba o Ja aRmi wi hou mixing he dis ibu ion code wi h he unc ional one, p omo ing eusabili y and adap abili y. This wo k is being de eloped unde a con ac be ween Telese e and he Uni e si y o Ex emadu a wi h he aim o doing applied esea ch. This is only a pa o he whole wo k whe e we a e imp o ing he WAS using o he objec o ien ed concep s. 3.9 A Pe o mance Assessmen Model o Web-Based CORBA Applica ions J. Hosszú Budapes Uni e si y o Technology and Economics, Hunga y Abs ac .This pape p esen s how disc e e e en simula ion canbeused o pe o mance e alua ion o dis ibu ed sys ems. gene al aspec s o building he mul i-laye ed objec - o ien ed simula ion model, sample applica ion, and measu emen esul s o a ious con igu a ions a e in oduced. The analysis ocuses on scalabili y, h oughpu and la ency o la ge scale dis ibu ed sys ems, which a e c i ical pe o mance issues in e-comme ce applica ions. Using he me hod, pe o mance o a sys em may be assessed wi hou deploying i . Howe e , he echnology being conside ed ely on he Common Objec -Reques B oke A chi ec u e, he model can be adop ed o o he dis ibu ed echnologies as well. 192 R. Co chuelo e al. 3.10 On Dynamic Se ice Composi ion and I s Applicabili y o E-Business So wa e Sys ems V. Tosic1, D. Mennie2, and B. Pagu ek1 1Ca le on Uni e si y, Canada; 2The Bulldog G oup Inc., Canada Abs ac . This pape discusses dynamic se ice composi ion and i s applicabili y o e- business so wa e sys ems. I also p esen s he ICARIS a chi ec u e o dynamic se ice composi ion and i s applica ion o dynamic, on-demand es ablishmen o secu i y and us ela ionships.Addi ion o secu i y ex ensions o a B2C e-comme ce sys em is used o illus a e dynamic se ice composi ion in ICARIS. Dynamic se ice composi ion is he p ocess o c ea ing new se ices a un- ime om a se o se ice componen s. S a ic (design- ime o deploymen - ime) so wa e composi ion is no lexible and agile enough o accommoda e equen un ime changes o equi emen s and/o ope a ional ci cums ances ha canno be an icipa ed in ad ance. Dynamic se ice composi ion enables un- ime cons uc ion o new, po en ially unan- icipa ed, se ices, while minimizing bo h human in ol emen and dis up ion o sys em ope a ion. The po en ial bene i s o g ea e sys em lexibili y, agili y, and a ailabili y a e c ucial in many e-business sys ems ha ha e o cope wi h he cons an change o echni- cal and business ci cums ances and inc eased di e si y and mobili y o use s, sys ems, and esou ces. ICARIS is a gene al-pu pose dynamic se ice composi ion a chi ec u e based on Jini, Ja aBeans, and XML. As he esea ch goal was o explo e maximal euse o ex- is ing echnologies, he base echnologies we e no modi ied. Howe e , he Jini Lookup Se ice was ex ended o suppo seman ically ich XML se ice speci ica ions and hei ad anced (" uzzy") ma ching. In addi ion, ICARIS has buil -in mechanisms o p e- en ing ailed composi ions and unexpec ed un ime ea u e in e ac ions. The ICARIS a chi ec u e suppo s h ee composi ion echniques: composi e se ice in e ace, s and- alone composi e se ice using he pipe-and- il e a chi ec u e s yle, and s and-alone composi e se ice wi h he single body o code. ICARIS was success ully used in he Composable Secu i y Applica ion o in oduce secu i y se ices in o applica ions ha we e no o iginally designed wi h secu i y mechanisms. This expe imen showed ia- bili y and easibili y o sugges ed concep s and demons a ed applicabili y o dynamic se ice composi ion in e-business sys ems. 3.11 An XML-Based E-Comme ce A chi ec u e P oposal F.J. Ga cía, M.N. Mo eno, and J.A. He nández Uni e si y o Salamanca, Spain Abs ac .We p esen an e-comme ce a chi ec u e p oposal by means o which an o gan- isa ion can easily jump on he i ual comme ce bandwagon, expanding i s ma ke space o unexpec ed limi s, wha e e i s size is. Aiming a easing he implemen a ion, we p opose he de elopmen o a so wa e ool ha allows he de ini ion, publica ion and upda e o a ca alogue o p oduc s, and he se ing up o a web se e a chi ec u e ha allows clien s o ha e access o i . To c ea e a uni o m en i onmen , he a chi ec u e Objec -O ien ed Business Solu ions 199 Summing up, he apid e olu ion o he In e ne demands an e e -inc easing abili y o adap o a medium ha is in con inuous change and e olu ion, hus au oma isa ion is he key o succeeding. S udying MOWS om an abs ac poin o iew and adap ing cu en me hodologies and ools o he hei speci ic ea u es may help iden i ying key p oblems ha a e inhe en o hese sys ems. Nex , we summa ise some o ou conclusions, some o he p oblems we iden i ied, and he solu ions we ske ched a WOOBS: In as uc u e: 1. T adi ional middlewa es such as CORBA will keep playing a p ominen ole in he design o back-ends. 2. I seems ha p o ocols such as HTTP o SOAP will eplace adi ional middle- wa es in he In e ne a ena. De elopmen : 1. Aspec -o ien a ion is one o he keys in succeeding in he de elopmen o com- plex web-se ices in which many mu ually-in luencing aspec s a e me ged and combined. 2. Agen s may be iewed as an enabling echnology o build ECS ha can sea ch o in o ma ion on he In e ne . 3. In o ma ion e ie al may be exp essed as an independen aspec , and will help e ol ingso wa e.Howe e ,i isnecessa y oadap agen se ices o heIn e ne se ing so ha hey can de elop hei ull po en ial in ECS. 4. The seman ic gap be ween he on ologies di e en da a sou ces use is one o he main p oblems o be add essed. Banks o on ologies and mappings be ween hem a e necessa y. 5. Mul ipa y coo dina ion models a e necessa y, chie ly in ECS in which se e al pa ies need o nego ia e and each ag eemen s on-line. Ce i ica ion: 1. I is necessa y o gua an ee a se ice implemen s wha i s speci ica ion s a es. Ce i ica ion seems a p omising ool. 2. Ce i ica ion allow clien s o use gua an ee ce i ica es as i hey we e buying adi ional goods. This concep is no el in he so wa e a ena. Quali y: 1. Op imali y and con o mance seem o be he co ne s ones o quali y. 2. Quali y documen s mus be o malised so ha hey allow au oma ic checking. Fu he mo e, quali y documen s mus include bo h QoS clauses on a ibu es suchasdelays, ji ingo mean ime o ails,and highe -le elclauses ona ibu es such as cos pe connec ion, secu i y le el o binding policies. 3. I is necessa y o ex end cu en a chi ec u al desc ip ion languages so ha hey can ake quali y equi emen s in o accoun , and i is necessa y o ex end cu en dis ibu ed un- ime pla o ms such as CORBA, COM+ o .NET so ha quali y documen s a e i s -class elemen s. 4. I is necessa y o include quali y moni o ing mechanisms so ha i is possible o check i he p o ide o a web se ice ul ills he quali y le el ag eemen i eached wi h a cus ome . 200 R. Co chuelo e al. The impo ance o MOWS in he cu en e-wo ld su icien ly jus i ies he s udy o a new pa adigm called WOP (Web-O ien ed P og amming). The goal is o p o ide so wa e a chi ec s wi h a numbe o ools o sol e c i ical p oblems such as op imali y and con o mance, which a e bo h closely ela ed o he au oma ic managemen and nego ia ion o quali y equi emen s. Resou ces –BIZTALK. h p://www.biz alk.o g –ebXML. h p://www.ebxml.o g –MAQS p ojec . h p://www. sb.in o ma ik.uni- ank u .de/maqs/P ojec .h ml –QCCS p ojec . h p://www.qccs.o g –SET (Secu e Elec onic T ansac ion). h p://www.se co.o g –UDDI (Uni e sal Desc ip ion, Disco e y and In eg a ion o Business o he Web). h p://www.uddi.o g –UMTS (Uni e sal Mobile Telecommunica ions Sys em). h p://www.um s- o um.o g –Web se ices (by Mic oso ). h p://msdn.mic oso .com/msdnmag/issues/0900/WebPla o m/ WebPla o m.asp –Web se ices (by Sun). h p://www.sun.com/so wa e/sunone Acknowledgemen s. Fi s and o emos , he o ganise s o WOOBS would like o hank all o he pa icipan s o he wo kshop, including he membe s o he p og amme com- mi ee, o hei ha d wo k be o e, du ing and a e he wo kshop; hey a e esponsible o i s g ea deal o success. We also hank he o ganise s o he ECOOP con e ence o hei help and con inuous suppo . I i had no been o hem, WOOBS would no ha e been possible. Finally, we would also like o hank A e Bade , because we go inspi a ion o ou e alua ion o m om a p e ious one he designed, Mic oso and Tel en (Abengoa G oup) o hei gene ous inancial suppo , Fundación Din el o hei gene ous supply o ma e ial, Sadiel o hei suppo in p ojec GEOZOCO, and Cibe Su o hei co e age o he e en .