SILENCIO: In oduc ion o elec ic p opulsion o small insho e ishing boa s o
educe hei impac in he en i onmen
Cla a Almécija1, Ignacio González1, Pablo Ál a ez1, An onio Ca denal-López2, Enoc Ma ínez3, Joaquín del Río3, C is ian Simoes1, Soledad To es-Gui-
ja o2, Ma a Vazquez1 and Sil ia To es1
ID28-
1 Unidad de Tecnologías Ma inas, Cen o Tecnológico del Ma -Fundación CETMAR, C/
Edua do Cabello s/n 36208 Vigo (Pon e ed a), Tel:(+34)986247047, u ma @ce ma .o g,
s o es@ce ma .o g
2 a lanTTic, Uni e sidade de Vigo, Escola de Enxeña ía de Telecomunicación, 36310 Vigo
(Pon e ed a), España, Tel: (+34)986818674, Fax: (+34)986812116, [email p o ec ed].
es, soledad o es@u igo.es
3 Obse a o io OBSEA, Uni e si a Poli ècnica de Ca alunya, Rambla Exposición 24
08800 Vilano a i la Gel ú (Ba celona), Tel: (+34)938967200, ax: (+34)938967201,
enoc.ma [email protected], joaquin.del. [email protected]
Abs ac
Human ac i i ies a ec s each en i onmen , e en he mos emo e, and he
acous ic impac ha hese ac i i ies gene a e on he ma ine en i onmen is no
an excep ion. The Silencio p ojec aims o de eloped inno a i e and sus ainable
solu ions o educe he impac o ishe ies and shell- ishe ies in ecosys ems,
mainly noise bu also ca bon oo p in , by he assessmen o he use o elec ic
p opulsion by small insho e ishing boa . Besides, he knowledge abou he
sou ces o unde wa e noise in a eas unde high ishing p essu e will be imp o ed
by he cha ac e iza ion o he ambien noise in Rías Baixas. Fu he , he p ojec
will sp ead he idea o an en i onmen ally sus ainable, socially esponsible and
economically iable ex ac i e sec o .
Keywo ds
Unde wa e ambien noise, noise moni o ing, Rías Baixas, Elec ic engines, Insho e
ishing
CONTEXT
The human in oduc ion o noise in he en i onmen is conside ed one o he mos
s ess ul dis u bances o animals and plan s in he e es ial en i onmen [1].
Howe e how he ma ine noise is and how wa e ecosys ems a e a ec ed by he
an h opogenic noise-sou ces ha e been less s udied. Se e al s udies and e iews
cha ac e ize wide na u al soundscapes and hei a y sou ces as ain, ice-mel ing
o unde wa e olcanos [2, 3]. O he au ho s highligh ha nume ous g oups
o animals a e using he sound o pe o m hei biological and social unc ions
-no only ma ine mammals [4] bu also less e ol ed animals as c us aceous [5]-
and hey e idence ha human ac i i ies in he soundscape, especially impulsi e
noise, a e impac ing in hei hea ing, communica ion capabili y, beha iou and
physiology, om in e eb a es [6] o ishes [7] o ce aceans [8].
In o de o assess and mi iga e his impac some policy amewo ks, as Uni ed
Na ions o he Eu opean Union by se e al p og ammes, a e encou aging and
suppo ing ini ia i es and p ojec s ha imp o e he knowledge o unde wa e
noise and p opose inno a i e solu ions o alle ia e i s e ec s in he ecosys ems
and o achie e a good ma ine en i onmen al s a us (e.g. Implemen a ions o he
Ma ine S a egy F amewo k Di ec i e MSFD, 2008/56/CE).
On his con ex Silencio P ojec a ises (Decembe 2020-Decemb e 2021). Silencio´s
main goal is o es ablish he bases o a mo e sus ainable and noiseless ishing and
shell- ishing ac i i ies, con ibu ing o minimize hei acous ic impac . Silencio´s
eam aimed objec i es o each his pu pose:
(1) Imp o emen o knowledge abou he p incipal sou ces o ma ine noise in
a eas wi h high ishing and shell- ishing p essu e by he cha ac e iza ion o he
ambien noise in Rías Baixas, an incompa able na u al seascape, whe e he e a e
se e al a eas wi h special p o ec ion o na u al alues. Besides, his a ea is (and has
been) exposed o signi ican insho e- ishing p essu e.
(2)De elopmen o inno a i e and sus ainable solu ions o educe he impac
o ishing (and shell- ishing) ac i i ies in he en i onmen (noise and ca bon
oo p in ) by he assessmen o he use o elec ic p opulsion by small
insho e ishing boa .
(3) S eng hening he ishing sec o ´s commi men wi h he p oblem o
ma ine noise and sp eading he idea o an en i onmen ally sus ainable,
socially esponsible and economically iable ex ac i e sec o .
The e o e, Silencio P ojec is aligned wi h he p io i ies o he Eu opean
Ma i ime and Fishe ies Fund (EMFF), especially wi h p io i y 1 “Fos e ing
sus ainable ishe ies and he conse a ion o ma ine biological
esou ces”.
CHARACTERIZATION OF UNDERWATER AMBIENT NOISE IN RÍAS
BAIXAS (GALICIA, NW IBERIAN PENÍNSULA)
Co egada pla o m, one o he eco ding s a ions o RAIA Obse a o y
(h p://ma na aia.o g), is se led in he Ría de A ousa, nea he Illa o
Co egada, nex o he bo de o he Na ional Pa k NPMT Illas A lán icas
bu in o he Ma ine ZEPA Rías Baixas (ES0000499). I was ins alled
in 2008, he e o e mo e han 10 yea s o se e al oceanic da a -like
Tempe a u e, Conduc i i y o wa e cu en s (di ec ion and eloci y)-
and me eo ological -like empe a u e, humidi y, wind (di ec ion and
eloci y) ha e been eco ded.
A hyd ophone (IcLis enHF) is also ins alled in Co egada since
2016, al hough he eco d exhibi s se e al gaps and changes o
con igu a ion. Cu en ly, in he amewo k o SILENCIO p ojec , an
IcLis enHF hyd ophone is pe o ming a a sampling a e o 51.2 kHz,
ecoding 1 minu e o aw da a e e y 3 minu es. Da a a e p ocessed
e e y 36 minu es, ocused in compu ing sound p essu e le els (SPL e
luPa) a he a ged equences o he MSFD (63 Hz and 125 Hz) as well
as 2 kHz and global ( ull band), and he esul s a e sen in eal- ime o
Emodne Physics Po al (www.emodne -physics.eu) in o de o make
da a accessible and a ailable o he communi y. A e wa ds, aw da a
a e downloaded di ec ly in Co egada Pla o m each main enance isi ,
e e y 2 o 3 weeks.
The ambien noise eco ds ha e been ea ed and s udied by he
Uni e sidade de Vigo, an in e na ional e e ence G oup in Unde wa e
noise, in o de o de ec na u al and human sou ces o noise. Clicks and
whis les o ce aceans ha e been loca ed in Co egada´s eco d.
Besides, Obsea (Expandable Sea lo Obse a o y om UPC) loca ed on
he seabed o he coas o Vilano a i la Gel ú (Ba celona, NE Ibe ian
Península) will ins all ano he IcLis enHF hyd ophone o compa e he
unde wa e sound eco d and o assess he capabili y o applica ing he
algo i hm de eloped in he p ojec o o he noise eco ds.
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF ELECTRIC PROPULSION BY
SMALL INSHORE FISHING BOAT.
Small Insho e ishing boa s ca y ou lo s o di e en ex ac i e
ac i i ies depending on he ype ha ishing gea ha is allowed o
use, he closu e o ishing seasons ( o p o ec ishies and shell ishies
species), he ocean-me eo ological condi ions o he ma ke alue o
hei cap u es.
Fi s ly, Silencio´s eam is cha ac e izing insho e ishing lee by he use
o he Regis e o Fishing Vessels o Galicia [9], especially da a o he
Fishing guild ha collabo a a e wi h Silencio. Insho e ishing boa s up
o 10 and 7 me e s o leng h a e s udied a ending o hei ishing gea
and engine powe o dis inguish he mo e usual insho e ishing-ac i i y
ype. A e wa d all his ishing ypes a e ypi ied in e ms o ime,
dis an e, kind and uses o he engine, gas consume, docke acili ies,
e c. Some o hem a e being also acked by a GPS de ice.
INSTRUMENTATION VIEWPOINT - 20 - MARTECH 21
56
57
INSTRUMENTATION VIEWPOINT - 20 - MARTECH 21
Po ono o, Vigo), Coas al Obse a o ies (Ocaso, OBSEA, SOCIB) p -
P o ecma, Ins i u o Español de Ocenaog a ía and Pa que Nacional
Ma í imo Te es e das Illas A lán icas.
REFERENCES
[1] Pijanowski e al., “Wha is soundscape ecology? An in oduc ion and
o e iew o an eme ging new science”, Landscape Ecology, ol. 26, pp.
1213–1232, 2011.
[2] Howe e al., “Obse ing he oceans acous ically”, F on ie s in Ma ine
Science, ol. 6, pp. 42, 2019.
[3] Dua e e al., “The soundscape o he An h opocene ocean”, Science, ol.
371, 583, 2021.
[4] E be e al., “Communica ion masking in ma ine mammals: A e iew and
esea ch s a egy”, Ma ine Pollu ion Bulle in, ol. 103, pp. 15–38, 2016.
[5] Mon gome y e al., “Sound as an o ien a ion cue o he pelagic la ae
o ee ishes and decapod c us aceans”, Ad ances in Ma ine Biology, ol.
51, pp. 143–196, 2006.
[6] Walsh e al., “Noise a ec s esou ce assessmen in an in e eb a e”,
Biology Le e s, ol. 13, 20170098, 2017.
[7] Simpson e al., “An h opogenic noise inc eases ish mo ali y by
p eda ion”, Na u e Communica ions, ol. 7, 10544, 2016.
[8] E be e al., “The e ec s o ship noise on ma ine mammals: A e iew”,
F on ie s in Ma ine Science, ol. 6, 606, 2019.
[9] h ps://www.pescadegalicia.gal/ exbuque/
Silencio´s eam will assess he capabili y o cu en a o dable echnology o
pe o m some o hese ishing ac i i ies a endig o au onomy, olume and
weigh o ba e ies, p ice, p o i abili y, e c. Fu he mo e, some o hese ac i i ies
will be ec ea ed by he use o some elec i ied ou boa d engines, de eloped in
Silencio. Besides, ega ding o he educ ion o he impac his inno a i e solu ion
could in ol e, some expe iencies will be ec ea ed o cuan i y he noise and
ca bon oo p in educ ion.
CONCLUSIONS
Silencio P ojec is an small bu ambi ious p ojec ha con ibu es o he
unde wa e noise knowledge and o cla i y which is he human e ec in he
ma ine soundscape. In addi ion, he ou boa d engine elec i ic ion o small
insho e boa s will be e alua ed o he easibili y o educing he an h opogenic
ma ine noise. Fu he in o ma ion will be a ailable in he p ojec websi e: h ps://
www.p og amapleama .es/p oyec os/silencio-in oduccion-de-sis emas-de-
p opulsion-elec ica-en-emba caciones-pesque as-de and in di e en ou each
e en s. Please, be in con ac by @SILENCIO_CETMAR.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Silencio P oyec is pe o med by Unidad de Tecnologías Ma inas o he Cen o
Tecnológico del Ma , in collabo a ion wi h Fundación Biodi e sidad, om
Minis e io pa a la T ansición Ecológica y el Re o Demog á ico o Spain, by he
p og ama pleama , co ounded by EMFF. This P ojec is possible hanks o he
pa icipa ion o Uni e sidade de Vigo and Uni e sidad Poli écnica de Ca alunya
and he collabo a ion o se e al Fishing Guilds (Baiona, Bueu, Cangas, Li a, Mu os,