SILENCIO: Introduction of electric propulsion to small inshore fishing boats to reduce their impact in the environment

SILENCIO: In oduc ion o elec ic p opulsion o small insho e ishing boa s o educe hei impac in he en i onmen Cla a Almécija1, Ignacio González1, Pablo Ál a ez1, An onio Ca denal-López2, Enoc Ma ínez3, Joaquín del Río3, C is ian Simoes1, Soledad To es-Gui- ja o2, Ma a Vazquez1 and Sil ia To es1 ID28- 1 Unidad de Tecnologías Ma inas, Cen o Tecnológico del Ma -Fundación CETMAR, C/ Edua do Cabello s/n 36208 Vigo (Pon e ed a), Tel:(+34)986247047, u ma @ce ma .o g, s o es@ce ma .o g 2 a lanTTic, Uni e sidade de Vigo, Escola de Enxeña ía de Telecomunicación, 36310 Vigo (Pon e ed a), España, Tel: (+34)986818674, Fax: (+34)986812116, [email p o ec ed]. es, soledad o es@u igo.es 3 Obse a o io OBSEA, Uni e si a Poli ècnica de Ca alunya, Rambla Exposición 24 08800 Vilano a i la Gel ú (Ba celona), Tel: (+34)938967200, ax: (+34)938967201, enoc.ma [email protected], joaquin.del. [email protected] Abs ac Human ac i i ies a ec s each en i onmen , e en he mos emo e, and he acous ic impac ha hese ac i i ies gene a e on he ma ine en i onmen is no an excep ion. The Silencio p ojec aims o de eloped inno a i e and sus ainable solu ions o educe he impac o ishe ies and shell- ishe ies in ecosys ems, mainly noise bu also ca bon oo p in , by he assessmen o he use o elec ic p opulsion by small insho e ishing boa . Besides, he knowledge abou he sou ces o unde wa e noise in a eas unde high ishing p essu e will be imp o ed by he cha ac e iza ion o he ambien noise in Rías Baixas. Fu he , he p ojec will sp ead he idea o an en i onmen ally sus ainable, socially esponsible and economically iable ex ac i e sec o . Keywo ds Unde wa e ambien noise, noise moni o ing, Rías Baixas, Elec ic engines, Insho e ishing CONTEXT The human in oduc ion o noise in he en i onmen is conside ed one o he mos s ess ul dis u bances o animals and plan s in he e es ial en i onmen [1]. Howe e how he ma ine noise is and how wa e ecosys ems a e a ec ed by he an h opogenic noise-sou ces ha e been less s udied. Se e al s udies and e iews cha ac e ize wide na u al soundscapes and hei a y sou ces as ain, ice-mel ing o unde wa e olcanos [2, 3]. O he au ho s highligh ha nume ous g oups o animals a e using he sound o pe o m hei biological and social unc ions -no only ma ine mammals [4] bu also less e ol ed animals as c us aceous [5]- and hey e idence ha human ac i i ies in he soundscape, especially impulsi e noise, a e impac ing in hei hea ing, communica ion capabili y, beha iou and physiology, om in e eb a es [6] o ishes [7] o ce aceans [8]. In o de o assess and mi iga e his impac some policy amewo ks, as Uni ed Na ions o he Eu opean Union by se e al p og ammes, a e encou aging and suppo ing ini ia i es and p ojec s ha imp o e he knowledge o unde wa e noise and p opose inno a i e solu ions o alle ia e i s e ec s in he ecosys ems and o achie e a good ma ine en i onmen al s a us (e.g. Implemen a ions o he Ma ine S a egy F amewo k Di ec i e MSFD, 2008/56/CE). On his con ex Silencio P ojec a ises (Decembe 2020-Decemb e 2021). Silencio´s main goal is o es ablish he bases o a mo e sus ainable and noiseless ishing and shell- ishing ac i i ies, con ibu ing o minimize hei acous ic impac . Silencio´s eam aimed objec i es o each his pu pose: (1) Imp o emen o knowledge abou he p incipal sou ces o ma ine noise in a eas wi h high ishing and shell- ishing p essu e by he cha ac e iza ion o he ambien noise in Rías Baixas, an incompa able na u al seascape, whe e he e a e se e al a eas wi h special p o ec ion o na u al alues. Besides, his a ea is (and has been) exposed o signi ican insho e- ishing p essu e. (2)De elopmen o inno a i e and sus ainable solu ions o educe he impac o ishing (and shell- ishing) ac i i ies in he en i onmen (noise and ca bon oo p in ) by he assessmen o he use o elec ic p opulsion by small insho e ishing boa . (3) S eng hening he ishing sec o ´s commi men wi h he p oblem o ma ine noise and sp eading he idea o an en i onmen ally sus ainable, socially esponsible and economically iable ex ac i e sec o . The e o e, Silencio P ojec is aligned wi h he p io i ies o he Eu opean Ma i ime and Fishe ies Fund (EMFF), especially wi h p io i y 1 “Fos e ing sus ainable ishe ies and he conse a ion o ma ine biological esou ces”. CHARACTERIZATION OF UNDERWATER AMBIENT NOISE IN RÍAS BAIXAS (GALICIA, NW IBERIAN PENÍNSULA) Co egada pla o m, one o he eco ding s a ions o RAIA Obse a o y (h p://ma na aia.o g), is se led in he Ría de A ousa, nea he Illa o Co egada, nex o he bo de o he Na ional Pa k NPMT Illas A lán icas bu in o he Ma ine ZEPA Rías Baixas (ES0000499). I was ins alled in 2008, he e o e mo e han 10 yea s o se e al oceanic da a -like Tempe a u e, Conduc i i y o wa e cu en s (di ec ion and eloci y)- and me eo ological -like empe a u e, humidi y, wind (di ec ion and eloci y) ha e been eco ded. A hyd ophone (IcLis enHF) is also ins alled in Co egada since 2016, al hough he eco d exhibi s se e al gaps and changes o con igu a ion. Cu en ly, in he amewo k o SILENCIO p ojec , an IcLis enHF hyd ophone is pe o ming a a sampling a e o 51.2 kHz, ecoding 1 minu e o aw da a e e y 3 minu es. Da a a e p ocessed e e y 36 minu es, ocused in compu ing sound p essu e le els (SPL e luPa) a he a ged equences o he MSFD (63 Hz and 125 Hz) as well as 2 kHz and global ( ull band), and he esul s a e sen in eal- ime o Emodne Physics Po al (www.emodne -physics.eu) in o de o make da a accessible and a ailable o he communi y. A e wa ds, aw da a a e downloaded di ec ly in Co egada Pla o m each main enance isi , e e y 2 o 3 weeks. The ambien noise eco ds ha e been ea ed and s udied by he Uni e sidade de Vigo, an in e na ional e e ence G oup in Unde wa e noise, in o de o de ec na u al and human sou ces o noise. Clicks and whis les o ce aceans ha e been loca ed in Co egada´s eco d. Besides, Obsea (Expandable Sea lo Obse a o y om UPC) loca ed on he seabed o he coas o Vilano a i la Gel ú (Ba celona, NE Ibe ian Península) will ins all ano he IcLis enHF hyd ophone o compa e he unde wa e sound eco d and o assess he capabili y o applica ing he algo i hm de eloped in he p ojec o o he noise eco ds. THE ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF ELECTRIC PROPULSION BY SMALL INSHORE FISHING BOAT. Small Insho e ishing boa s ca y ou lo s o di e en ex ac i e ac i i ies depending on he ype ha ishing gea ha is allowed o use, he closu e o ishing seasons ( o p o ec ishies and shell ishies species), he ocean-me eo ological condi ions o he ma ke alue o hei cap u es. Fi s ly, Silencio´s eam is cha ac e izing insho e ishing lee by he use o he Regis e o Fishing Vessels o Galicia [9], especially da a o he Fishing guild ha collabo a a e wi h Silencio. Insho e ishing boa s up o 10 and 7 me e s o leng h a e s udied a ending o hei ishing gea and engine powe o dis inguish he mo e usual insho e ishing-ac i i y ype. A e wa d all his ishing ypes a e ypi ied in e ms o ime, dis an e, kind and uses o he engine, gas consume, docke acili ies, e c. Some o hem a e being also acked by a GPS de ice. INSTRUMENTATION VIEWPOINT - 20 - MARTECH 21 56 57 INSTRUMENTATION VIEWPOINT - 20 - MARTECH 21 Po ono o, Vigo), Coas al Obse a o ies (Ocaso, OBSEA, SOCIB) p - P o ecma, Ins i u o Español de Ocenaog a ía and Pa que Nacional Ma í imo Te es e das Illas A lán icas. REFERENCES [1] Pijanowski e al., “Wha is soundscape ecology? An in oduc ion and o e iew o an eme ging new science”, Landscape Ecology, ol. 26, pp. 1213–1232, 2011. [2] Howe e al., “Obse ing he oceans acous ically”, F on ie s in Ma ine Science, ol. 6, pp. 42, 2019. [3] Dua e e al., “The soundscape o he An h opocene ocean”, Science, ol. 371, 583, 2021. [4] E be e al., “Communica ion masking in ma ine mammals: A e iew and esea ch s a egy”, Ma ine Pollu ion Bulle in, ol. 103, pp. 15–38, 2016. [5] Mon gome y e al., “Sound as an o ien a ion cue o he pelagic la ae o ee ishes and decapod c us aceans”, Ad ances in Ma ine Biology, ol. 51, pp. 143–196, 2006. [6] Walsh e al., “Noise a ec s esou ce assessmen in an in e eb a e”, Biology Le e s, ol. 13, 20170098, 2017. [7] Simpson e al., “An h opogenic noise inc eases ish mo ali y by p eda ion”, Na u e Communica ions, ol. 7, 10544, 2016. [8] E be e al., “The e ec s o ship noise on ma ine mammals: A e iew”, F on ie s in Ma ine Science, ol. 6, 606, 2019. [9] h ps://www.pescadegalicia.gal/ exbuque/ Silencio´s eam will assess he capabili y o cu en a o dable echnology o pe o m some o hese ishing ac i i ies a endig o au onomy, olume and weigh o ba e ies, p ice, p o i abili y, e c. Fu he mo e, some o hese ac i i ies will be ec ea ed by he use o some elec i ied ou boa d engines, de eloped in Silencio. Besides, ega ding o he educ ion o he impac his inno a i e solu ion could in ol e, some expe iencies will be ec ea ed o cuan i y he noise and ca bon oo p in educ ion. CONCLUSIONS Silencio P ojec is an small bu ambi ious p ojec ha con ibu es o he unde wa e noise knowledge and o cla i y which is he human e ec in he ma ine soundscape. In addi ion, he ou boa d engine elec i ic ion o small insho e boa s will be e alua ed o he easibili y o educing he an h opogenic ma ine noise. Fu he in o ma ion will be a ailable in he p ojec websi e: h ps:// www.p og amapleama .es/p oyec os/silencio-in oduccion-de-sis emas-de- p opulsion-elec ica-en-emba caciones-pesque as-de and in di e en ou each e en s. Please, be in con ac by @SILENCIO_CETMAR. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Silencio P oyec is pe o med by Unidad de Tecnologías Ma inas o he Cen o Tecnológico del Ma , in collabo a ion wi h Fundación Biodi e sidad, om Minis e io pa a la T ansición Ecológica y el Re o Demog á ico o Spain, by he p og ama pleama , co ounded by EMFF. This P ojec is possible hanks o he pa icipa ion o Uni e sidade de Vigo and Uni e sidad Poli écnica de Ca alunya and he collabo a ion o se e al Fishing Guilds (Baiona, Bueu, Cangas, Li a, Mu os,