P ocedia Enginee ing 151 ( 2016 ) 313 – 320
A ailable online a www.sciencedi ec .com
1877-7058 © 2016 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie L d. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license
(h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he o ganizing commi ee o ICEBMP 2016
doi: 10.1016/j.p oeng.2016.07.356
ScienceDi ec
In e na ional Con e ence on Ecology and new Building ma e ials and p oduc s, ICEBMP 2016
Syn he ic p epa a ion o haumasi e – se e al possible ou es o
haumasi e o ma ion
A. Masá o áa,b,*, M. F id icho áb, K. D oĜákb
aResea ch Ins i u e o Building Ma e ials, HnČ ko ského 30/65, 617 00 B no, Czech Republic
bFacul y o Ci il Enginee ing, B no Uni e si y o Technology, Ve eĜí 331/95, 602 00 B no, Czech Republic
Abs ac
P esen ed wo k is a pa o an expe imen whe e limes one is pa ially eplaced by luidized ly ash du ing cemen manu ac u ing.
Hyd a ion o his ype o cemen is connec ed o o ma ion o AF phases – haumasi e and e ingi e ha cause se ious damage o
cemen s one. Thaumasi e (CaSiO3·CaCO3·CaSO4·15H2O) is less known and less common. I o ms especially a lowe
empe a u es. Du ing i s g ow h C-S-H phases a e buil in o haumasi e uni e cell, he e o e, cemen s one decomposes.
To p eclude haumasi e o ma ion, u he esea ch o his mine al is necessa y; he e o e, i s syn he ic p epa a ion in su icien
quali y is impo an . The aim o his wo k was o e i y se e al ou es o haumasi e syn he ic p epa a ion. In he beginning,
bu ning o mix u es p epa ed on s oichiome ic p opo ions o compounds in haumasi e was done hen wo me hods used
in li e a u e we e ied and in he end a new me hod based on main calcium silica e phases was ealized.
© 2016 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie L d.
Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he o ganizing commi ee o ICEBMP 2016.
Keywo ds: Sul a e a ack; AF phases; haumasi e; e ingi e; cemen ; X- ay powde di ac ion
1. In oduc ion
Nowadays, he endencies o eplace aw ma e ials o cemen p oduc ion o cemen i sel by indus ial was es o
by-p oduc s a e e y in ense. The main eason is ha he manu ac u ing o building ma e ials, especially o cemen ,
is connec ed o p oduc ion o high amoun o CO2 emission. Blas u nace slag o ly ash a e commonly used
as a eplacemen s o cemen . P esen ed wo k is a pa o an expe imen whe e limes one is eplaced by luidized ly
* Co esponding au ho . Tel.: +420-730-519-701.
E-mail add ess: masa o a@ us ah.cz
© 2016 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie L d. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license
(h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he o ganizing commi ee o ICEBMP 2016
314 A. Masá o á e al. / P ocedia Enginee ing 151 ( 2016 ) 313 – 320
ash du ing cemen manu ac u ing which leads o lowe CO2 emissions, e en by 10 %. Howe e , AF phases a e
o med du ing he hyd a ion o his ype o cemen and hey lead o se ious conc e e damage. I is undamen al
o s udy hese phases p ope ly and o ind ou a way how o p e en hei o ma ion in conc e e o cemen . This
a icle deals especially wi h less known ep esen a i e o A phases – haumasi e and desc ibes a emp s o i s
syn he ic p epa a ion.
Thaumasi e, CaSiO3·CaCO3·CaSO4·15H2O, is a mine al wi h hexagonal py amidal s uc u e con aining SiO4
e ahed a and CO3 iangula planes [1]. I has silicon in 6-coo dina ion wi h hyd oxyl which is e y unusual [2].
Mo phologically, i o ms ibe s and needles and i is e y simila o e ingi e. In cemen -based ma e ials, bo h
haumasi e and e ingi e occu as a p oduc o sul a e a ack. In he pas , haumasi e sul a e a ack (TSA) was o en
con used wi h classic sul a e a ack (e ingi e o ma ion) because o high simila i y o e ingi e and haumasi e.
Acco ding o se e al au ho s, hese mine als c ea e solid solu ion called wood o di e which leads o ano he
con usion in hei ecogni ion [e.g. 2,3,4]. On he o he hand, some me hods can posi i ely con i m haumasi e
occu ence – SEM wi h EDX spec a, FTIR o in some cases e en X- ay di ac ion (XRD) [e.g. in 4,5,6].
The ambien condi ions o haumasi e o ma ion s a ed in li e a u e [2,7] a e:
• Tempe a u e bellow 15 °C (ideally a be ween 0–5 °C)
• Sou ce o calcium silica es – e.g. calcium oxide (hyd oxide) plus silicon dioxide
• Sou ce o sul a es – e.g. gypsum CaSO4·2H2O, sul a es in he g oundwa e e c.
• P esence o ca bona es – e.g. calci e CaCO3 o a mosphe ic ca bon dioxide
• Excessi e amoun o wa e
Bens ed [2] desc ibed wo di e en o ma ion ou es o haumasi e. Di ec ou e is e y slow and no mally akes
se e al mon hs o haumasi e o be ob ained in signi ican amoun . I is o med by eac ion o sul a e wi h
ca bona e, silica e and wa e . Sou ce o ca bona es is usually a mosphe ic CO2 o CO32- ions, sul a es can be in e nal
o ex e nal sou ce and silica e includes C-S-H phases om hyd a ed cemen . Thus, damage caused by haumasi e
o ma ion is e y se ious – i inco po a es C-S-H phases in o i s uni cell and cemen binde collapses.
Indi ec o so called wood o di e ou e desc ibed by Bens ed in [2] a ises by eac ion be ween e ingi e, silica e
and ca bona e in su icien amoun o wa e . This con i ms he s a emen ha e ingi e could be a p ecu so
o haumasi e o ma ion. The beginning o his eac ion is e y slow bu once haumasi e is o med, eac ion a e
inc eases. In his si ua ion, also solid solu ion be ween e ingi e and haumasi e occu s in signi ican amoun un il
all eac an s o m haumasi e. Compa ing hese wo, wood o di e ou e is much quicke han di ec ou e.
The p esence o alumina e oc ahed al skele on o e ingi e should easie acili a e Al eplacemen by Si [2].
Many s udies ha e been done abou haumasi e and haumasi e sul a e a ack, especially in UK a e yea 1998.
The e we e ound se e al s uc u es a acked by haumasi e in mo o way b idges. Expansion and de e io a ion
o conc e e by non-binde haumasi e was so se ious ha UK go e nmen con ened he Thaumasi e Expe G oup
[8]. These people s udied mainly he p ocess o haumasi e o ma ion in ha dened conc e e, he damage,
he in luence o conc e e composi ion e c. Bu se e al i ems ha e no been s udied a all o no p ope ly,
e.g. pH s abili y, he modynamical s abili y o haumasi e, e c. Fo u he esea ch i is necessa y o syn he ize
haumasi e in signi ican amoun and su icien pu i y.
Se e al au ho s ied o p epa e haumasi e ia di ec o indi ec ou e. Bens ed [12] p epa ed haumasi e
by eac ion o solu ion wi h SO42- and CO32- and C-S-H. Kollman [9] ob ained haumasi e by mixing o Po land
cemen , CaCO3 and gypsum in wa e a 2 °C. In he beginning e ingi e was o med bu a e 40 days also
haumasi e occu s. O he me hods jus epea ed ield p ocesses in labo a o y [e.g. 10,11].
Acco ding o Aguile a [5] haumasi e can be ob ained by mixing o wo solu ions cooled a 5 °C. The i s one
is a solu ion o 10 % suga wi h addi ion o CaO o Ca(OH)2. The second solu ion con ains Na2SO4, Na2SiO3 and
Na2CO3. The ad an age o his p ocedu e is ha use o suga y solu ion posi i ely in luences solubili y o calcium
and use o sodium sal s ins ead o calcium educes o ma ion o undesi able p oduc s. This me hod was used
in he expe imen al pa o his wo k.
Pu nell in [13] ob ained haumasi e by placing o cemen i ious ma e ial wi h addi ion o alumina and calcium
ca bona e in o MgSO4 solu ion o 100 days a 5 °C. Thaumasi e, e ingi e o bo h we e de ec ed in all samples.
One pa o he expe imen al wo k desc ibed in his a icle is inspi ed by Pu nell´s expe imen .
315
A. Masá o á e al. / P ocedia Enginee ing 151 ( 2016 ) 313 – 320
In he beginning o expe imen al p ocess, i was decided o y p epa a ion o haumasi e by hyd a ion o bu ned
mix u e designed exac ly on s oichiome ic p opo ions o CaO, SiO2, CO32- and SO42- in haumasi e. This led only
o a pa ial success. Then haumasi e was ied o p epa e by me hods men ioned abo e. Expec ed esul s we e no
ob ained, oo. The las pa o he expe imen al wo k desc ibed in his pape p esen s haumasi e p epa a ion om
main calcium silica e phases.
2. Ma e ials and me hods
2.1. Thaumasi e p epa a ion by bu ning o CaCO3 - CaSO4·2H2O – SiO2 mix u es
The i s s ep in haumasi e p epa a ion was done by bu ning o mix u es designed on s oichiome ic p opo ions
in haumasi e, consis ing o h ee componen s – calcium ca bona e CaCO3 p.a., chemical gypsum CaSO4·2H2O wi h
98.6% pu i y and silica ume SiO2 wi h 96% pu i y. Bu ning was ealized in high empe a u e chambe o X- ay
di ac ome e Panaly ical Empy ean wi h Cu-KĮ anode up o empe a u es 600 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C.
A e ha , bu ning was epea ed in labo a o y co undum u nace up o empe a u es 1000 °C and 1200 °C wi h
iso he mal s amina 5 hou s in bigge amoun . The empe a u e ise was 100 °C/min. Acco ding o esul s om he
i s bu ning, also he a mosphe e in u nace was changed by addi ion o c ucible wi h gypsum which p o ided SO2
apo . Mix u es we e hen analyzed by XRD. Composi ion o mix u es is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Composi ion o mix u es designed on s oichiome ic p opo ions in haumasi e.
Mix u e Composi ion (mol)
CaCO3 SiO2 CaSO4·2H2O
A1 2 1 1
A2 4 1 1
A3 6 1 1
2.2. Thaumasi e p epa a ion om cemen i ious ma e ials
Second s ep in a emp o haumasi e syn hesis was inspi ed by expe imen made by Pu nell [13]. Syn he ic
monoclinic ali e and beli e we e mixed wi h calcium ca bona e and alumina in amoun s s a ed in Table 2.
The mix u es unde wen 7 days hyd a ion p ocess and hen hey we e g ounded and mixed wi h pa icula amoun
o MgSO4 solu ion – 30 ml o each 1 g o sample. Solu ions we e hen main ained a empe a u e 5 °C o 7 °C
in e ige an de ice. Samples we e analyzed by XRD pe o med on B uke D8 Ad ance appa a us wi h Cu anode
and a iable di e gence sli s a Ĭ-Ĭ e lexion B agg-B en ano pa a ocusing geome y.
Table 2. Composi ion o mix u es o haumasi e p epa a ion om cemen i ious ma e ials.
Mix u e Composi ion (g)
C3S ȕ-C2S CaCO3 Al2O3
B1 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00
B2 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.01
B3 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.02
2.3. Thaumasi e p epa a ion in suga y solu ion
S uble [14] epo ed his haumasi e syn hesis om chilled solu ions o suga and o he compounds. His me hod
was sligh ly changed by Aguile a [5]. In ou expe imen , we decided o p epa e solu ions acco ding o his modi ied
p ocess.
316 A. Masá o á e al. / P ocedia Enginee ing 151 ( 2016 ) 313 – 320
A i s , he suga solu ion wi h concen a ion o 10 % was p epa ed and p e-cooled o 5 °C. Amoun o solu ion
was di ided by mass in wo bo les. In o he i s pa CaO was added and in o he second pa Na2SO4, Na2SiO3
and Na2CO3 we e added. Mix u es we e cooled ano he 24 hou s and hen mixed oge he . In Table 3, i e esul ing
solu ions a e shown, which di e in concen a ion o oxides. Mix u es we e placed in o de ice wi h empe a u e
5–7 °C and es ed by XRD (pe o med on B uke D8 Ad ance appa a us wi h Cu anode and a iable di e gence
sli s a Ĭ-Ĭ e lexion B agg-B en ano pa a ocusing geome y) a pa icula in e als.
Table 3. Composi ion o mix u es o haumasi e p epa a ion in suga y solu ion.
Mix u e Composi ion (mol/dm3)
CaO Na2SiO3 Na2SO4 Na2CO3
C1 0.030 0.033 0.033 0.033
C2 0.050 0.010 0.010 0.017
C3 0.050 0.017 0.010 0.017
C4 0.025 0.006 0.008 0.010
C5 0.025 0.006 0.006 0.010
2.4. Thaumasi e p epa a ion om main calcium silica e phases
Acco ding o esul s o p e ious es s, i was decided o y also haumasi e p epa a ion om main calcium
silica e phases – ali e C3S, beli e C2S and wollas oni e CS in ca bonic acid. The simila me hod was no ound
in li e a u e, he e o e, i s ill could be plausible me hod o haumasi e p epa a ion.
Beli e and wollas oni e o su icien quali y we e al eady a ailable in ou ins i u e bu i was necessa y o p epa e
ali e. The bu ning was done acco ding o p ocedu e known and used in Resea ch Ins i u e o Building Ma e ials.
The pu i y o ali e was 99.1%.
All hese mine als we e g ounded in ib a ing mill and homogenized wi h o he subs ances so s oichiome ic
p opo ions in haumasi e we e achie ed. T ee di e en ma e ials mix u es shown in Table 4 we e p epa ed.
Solu ion o ca bonic acid was p epa ed by siphon bo le wi h CO2 ille whe e dis illed p e-cooled wa e was added.
Low empe a u e inc eases CO2 solubili y in wa e , he e o e, highe concen a ion o ca bonic acid is achie ed.
Mix u es we e hen placed in o bo les wi h CO2 wa e , main ained a empe a u e 5–7 °C and es ed by XRD
analysis (pe o med on B uke D8 Ad ance appa a us wi h Cu anode and a iable di e gence sli s a Ĭ-Ĭ e lexion
B agg-B en ano pa a ocusing geome y) e e y 28 days.
Table 4. Composi ion o mix u es o haumasi e p epa a ion om main calcium silica e phases.
Mix u e Composi ion (mol)
C3S C2S CS CaSO4·2H2O CaO SiO2
D1 2 - - 3 - 1
D2 - 1 - 1 - -
D3 - - 1 1 1 -
3. Resul s and discussion
3.1. Thaumasi e p epa a ion by bu ning o CaCO3 - CaSO4·2H2O - SiO2 mix u es
Mixed and homogenized samples we e, a i s , bu ned in high empe a u e chambe o X- ay di ac ome e
by empe a u e mode desc ibed abo e. The esul s o his i s s ep we e su p ising because o mine al e nesi e
ound in sample A1. Te nesi e 4CaO·2SiO2·CaSO4 is a e and unusual mine al. I s na u al equi alen was desc ibed
by I an in [15] in 1997 bu syn he ic e nesi e was men ioned in li e a u e much soone . In 1960 Sundius
and Pe e son [16] obse ed e nesi e in g een sul a e ings in cemen o a y kiln as a colo ing componen . I s c ys al
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A. Masá o á e al. / P ocedia Enginee ing 151 ( 2016 ) 313 – 320
sys em is o ho hombic; he colo is g een (in case o syn he ic e nesi e). Acco ding o Gu and Smi h [17] e nesi e
is o med a empe a u e abo e 1000 °C and decomposes a 1150 °C in an open sys em and a abou 1300 °C
in closed c ucibles.
a b
Fig. 1. (a) Di ac og am o he sample A2 bu ned o 1200 °C – lines wi h highes in ensi y belong o e nesi e and a e ma ked, o he peaks
mainly belong o anhyd i e II; (b) Di ac og am o he sample A3 bu ned o 1200 °C a e 28 days o hyd a ion – small peak a dhkl = 9.59 Å
(main di ac ion line o haumasi e) is labeled.
A e obse a ions made on sample A1, i was decided o change bu ning p ocess, as s a ed abo e, ising om
assump ion ha e nesi e could ep esen in some way an equi alen o yeelimi e du ing e ingi e p epa a ion.
Te nesi e was hen p esen ed in all bu ned samples oge he wi h anhyd i e II and lime, al hough, he mos
con enien esul s showed sample A2. I con ained qui e high amoun o e nesi e wi h no esidual CaO bu also
un eac ed anhyd i e II. Di ac og am o he sample A2 bu ned o 1200 °C is shown in Fig. 1 (a).
All samples unde wen hyd a ion p ocess. Main p oduc in e e y sample was gypsum. In samples om se ies A3,
also po landi e occu s. A e 28 days o hyd a ion in he sample A3 bu ned o 1200 °C, a small peak occu s
a dhkl = 9.59 Å. This d alue is consis en wi h main di ac ion line o haumasi e (see Fig. 1 (b)).
3.2. Thaumasi e p epa a ion om cemen i ious ma e ials
Samples we e es ed by XRD analysis e e y 28 days o 9 mon hs. In all samples calci e, gypsum, alumina,
b uci e and some ali e o beli e we e obse ed. High amoun o amo phous phase was also iden i ied. E en a e
so long pe iod no haumasi e (o e ingi e) was de ec ed unlike in [13]. This nega i e esul leads o a lo
o ques ions. Sul a e solu ion used in expe imen was MgSO4 ha is conside ed by se e al au ho s [2,18,19]
o be he wo s o de e io a ion o cemen o conc e e by haumasi e o ma ion. Used ma e ials we e pu e and
eac i e, hei quali y was es ed be o e he expe imen . Only one eason seems o be eal. Clinke mine als migh
no be hyd a ed p ope ly and cold en i onmen could be he eason o s opping hei hyd a ion – he e o e,
con enien condi ions o haumasi e o ma ion we e no p esen ed.
3.3. Thaumasi e p epa a ion in suga y solu ion
Simila ly o me hod men ioned abo e, samples we e es ed e e y 28 day o 9 mon hs. Samples con ained mainly
an amo phous phase and calci e. They also con ained monohyd ocalci e (CaCO3·H2O), as a eac ion p oduc
be ween calci e and wa e . Nei he haumasi e no e ingi e was de ec ed. Tes me hod was inspi ed by S uble [14]
and Aguile a [5]. Concen a ion o solu ions and also es p ocedu e was kep . Bo h au ho s men ion he p esence
o haumasi e in samples a e ew mon hs. Howe e , hey used FTIR o de ec ion o p esen ed phases. I migh
be possible ha because o huge amoun o amo phous phase in ou samples, haumasi e o e ingi e peaks we e
hidden and he e o e no de ec ed by his me hod.

318 A. Masá o á e al. / P ocedia Enginee ing 151 ( 2016 ) 313 – 320
3.4. Thaumasi e p epa a ion om main calcium silica e phases
Tes ing o samples D2 and D3 we e done by XRD analysis a e 1, 4, 7, 14, 40 days, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mon hs.
Sample D1 was p epa ed la e , so i was es ed a e 1, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days.
Sample D1 based on ali e C3S con ained mainly gypsum, qua z and po landi e, esiduum o unhyd a ed ali e
was de ec ed in smalle amoun . Also amo phous phase was isible. A e 28 days o exposi ion, small peak
appea ed a ound dhkl = 9.7 Å, which mos p obably belong o e ingi e. A e 56 days, his peak´s in ensi y sligh ly
inc eased and a e y small peak appea ed nex o i , a a ound dhkl = 9.6 Å, a he main di ac ion line o haumasi e.
Howe e , haumasi e p esence will be con i med by la e measu emen s. Zoom o hese peaks in shown in Fig. 2 (a).
Sample D2 based on beli e phase ȕ-C2S con ained mainly gypsum and beli e, which amoun dec eased wi h ime
o exposi ion. Also calci e and e y small peaks o anhyd i e we e de ec ed. Samples also con ained qui e signi ican
amoun o amo phous phase. No haumasi e o e ingi e we e de ec ed by his ime.
Sample D3 based on wollas oni e CS con ained mainly gypsum and wollas oni e. Calci e, po landi e and qua z
we e p esen ed om he i s day, oo. The amoun o amo phous phase was no ob ious in his sample-se ies.
The measu emen done a e 40 days o exposi ion showed small, almos doubled, peaks a dhkl = 9.72 Å and
dhkl = 9.59 Å, whe eas he i s co espond o main peak o e ingi e and he second co espond o main peak
o haumasi e. Wi h ime he in ensi y o e ingi e peak dec eased in a o o haumasi e peak. In sample
measu emen done a e 5 mon hs, only haumasi e is p esen ed. Fig. 3 and 4 shows de ails o di ac og ams o his
sample a e 40 days (when haumasi e and e ingi e we e i s de ec ed) and a e 5 mon hs (whe e only haumasi e
was obse ed). The zoom o e ingi e- haumasi e peak in measu emen s done a e 40 days, 3 mon hs and 5 mon hs
is shown in Fig. 2 (b).
Fig. 2. (a) The zoom o e ingi e – haumasi e peak in sample-se ies D1: ed scan – measu emen a e 28 days, black scan – measu emen a e
56 days, o ange line – e ingi e main di ac ion line, blue line – haumasi e main di ac ion line; (b) The zoom o e ingi e – haumasi e peak
in sample-se ies D3: ed scan – measu emen a e 40 days, g een scan – measu emen a e 3 mon hs, black scan – measu emen a e 5 mon hs,
o ange line – e ingi e main di ac ion line, blue line – haumasi e main di ac ion line.
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A. Masá o á e al. / P ocedia Enginee ing 151 ( 2016 ) 313 – 320
Fig. 3. De ail o he di ac og am o sample D3 scanned a e 40 days o exposi ion: blue line – gypsum; ed line – wollas oni e; g een line –
calci e; pink line – po landi e; yellow line – anhyd i e; black line – qua z.
Fig. 4. De ail o he di ac og am o sample D3 scanned a e 5 mon hs o exposi ion: blue line – gypsum; ed line – wollas oni e; g een line –
calci e; pink line – po landi e; yellow line – anhyd i e; black line – qua z.
4. Conclusions
Se e al possible ou es o haumasi e syn he ic p epa a ion we e ied. Some o hem u ned ou o be plausible
and some no . The i s ou e desc ibed in his a icle was h oughou bu ning o mix u es p epa ed on s oichiome ic
composi ion in haumasi e. In es ing samples, mine al e nesi e was ound. I was assumed ha e nesi e could
ep esen an equi alen o yeelimi e, which hyd a ion leads o e ingi e o ma ion. Samples we e he e o e allowed
o hyd a e. A iny peak a dhkl = 9.59 Å was obse ed a sample A3 bu ning o 1200 °C. This d alue co esponds
o main di ac ion line o haumasi e. Obse a ions made by his expe imen we e su p ising and unexpec ed bu
hey showed ha his ou e o haumasi e p epa a ion is plausible. The expe imen desc ibed he e will be ex ended.
Te nesi e hyd a ion p ocess need o be s udied and haumasi e o ma ion by his ou e will be e i ied.
Ano he wo ou es o haumasi e o ma ion – om cemen i ious ma e ials and by S uble´s me hod, we e no
success ul despi e he ac ha in li e a u e [5,13,14] bo h a e desc ibed like qui e as and eliable. Possible easons
o ailu e will be s udied u he mo e, some expe imen s migh be epea ed and supplemen ed by o he es ing
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haumasi e
e ingi e
320 A. Masá o á e al. / P ocedia Enginee ing 151 ( 2016 ) 313 – 320
p ocedu es. The las pa h ha migh lead o haumasi e o ma ion was done by hyd a ion o calcium silica e phases
in p esence o CO2. In wo o h ee es ing samples, haumasi e o e ingi e we e ound a e one mon h. The sample
based on ali e p obably con ained e ingi e and p esence o haumasi e needs o be e i ied in ollowing
expe imen s. In he sample based on wollas oni e, bo h e ingi e and haumasi e we e obse ed, whe eas a e
5 mon hs o hyd a ion e ingi e p obably disappea ed and amoun o haumasi e inc eased. Ve y unexpec ed esul
is ha haumasi e is o med om he sample whe e only almos non-hyd aulic wollas oni e was p esen ed. Li e a u e
s a es ha haumasi e needs o i s o ma ion C-S-H phases which a e p oduc s o hyd a ion o hyd aulic
mine als [2]. This phenomenon will be s udied u he mo e, along wi h a mechanism o haumasi e o ma ion
in hese samples.
Gene ally, he las desc ibed ou e o haumasi e p epa a ion is e y plausible, haumasi e was obse ed a e
sho ime and i seems o be s able in he en i onmen . Samples will be s udied mo e in ollowing mon hs and also
o he expe imen s will be p oposed.
Acknowledgemen s
This wo k was inancially suppo ed by p ojec numbe : 14-32942S “E ec o luidized bed ash
on he he modynamic s abili y o hyd aulic binde s” and i was elabo a ed wi h he ins i u ional suppo o long-
e m de elopmen o esea ch o ganiza ions (o Resea ch Ins i u e o Building Ma e ials) by he Minis y o
Indus y and T ade o he Czech Republic.
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