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Legisla ion go e ning was ewa e discha ges in he Czech Republic
To ci e his a icle: V Sing o a and P Hlus ik 2020 IOP Con . Se .: Ea h En i on. Sci. 444 012050
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Ad ances in En i onmen al Enginee ing
IOP Con . Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science 444 (2020) 012050
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/444/1/012050
1
Legisla ion go e ning was ewa e discha ges in he Czech
Republic
V Sing o a
1
and P Hlus ik
1
1
Ins i u e o municipal wa e managemen , B no Uni e si y o Technology, Facul y o
Ci il Enginee ing, Žižko a 17, 602 00 B no, Czech Republic
Abs ac . The aim o his a icle is o desc ibe and compa e indi idual laws conce ning
was ewa e discha ges and hei moni o ed indica o s. Rele an laws and go e nmen
egula ions ha e been in exis ence since 1953, when he Cen al Adminis a ion o Wa e
Managemen was es ablished, wi h he la es egula ion being Go e nmen Dec ee
No. 401/2015 Sb. This a icle deals wi h he de elopmen o legisla ion, i s amendmen s and
imp o emen s. This esul s in a g adual adjus men o he moni o ed indica o s and dec easing
indica o alues in connec ion wi h imp o ing ea men p ocesses and echnologies. This is
also ela ed o he Czech Republic's accession o he EU and he adop ion o Council Di ec i e
91/271/EEC, which emphasises, in e alia, en i onmen al p o ec ion.
1. In oduc ion
Any was ewa e discha ges in o su ace wa e o g oundwa e should be subjec o ce ain ules,
condi ions and pe mi s due o po en ial nega i e en i onmen al impac s. Legisla ion egula ing his
a ea has de eloped o e ime his e ealing o he a eas ha had o be conside ed and added.
The a icle includes legisla i e de elopmen conce ning was ewa e discha ges in he Czech Republic.
The desc ip ion o all legal dec ees is ocused on hose sec ions ha a e only ela ed o was ewa e
discha ges. Emphasis was placed p ima ily on he undamen al changes and newly d awn up sec ions
o he law. O cou se, hese dec ees also include co e o he ma e s, including hei de elopmen .
2. His o ical de elopmen o he legisla ion
2.1. Go e nmen Dec ee No. 92/1953 Sb.
Go e nmen Dec ee No. 92/1953 Sb., Go e nmen Dec ee es ablishing he Cen al Adminis a ion o
Wa e Managemen [1].
• wo ding e ec i e om 16 h Decembe 1953- 31s Decembe 1954
The Cen al Adminis a ion o Wa e Managemen as he cen al au ho i y was managed by a
chai man appoin ed by he go e nmen . This Adminis a ion epo ed o he Minis e o Fo es s and
Wood-P ocessing Indus y. In addi ion, he Adminis a ion o Wa e Managemen was also es ablished
in Slo akia. I was headed by a chai man appoin ed by he Boa d o Commissione s and epo ed o
he Commissione s o Fo es y and Wood-P ocessing Indus y.
These au ho i ies we e esponsible o he managemen o wa e esou ces ad wa e managemen ,
wa e dis ibu ion, including he ca e o wa e managemen imp o emen , i e enginee ing and
cleanliness. They we e also in cha ge o wa e cou se na igabili y and wa e ways cons uc ion. Wha
was also essen ial was wa e managemen planning, adminis a ion, ope a ion and main enance o
wa e ese oi s and acili ies, managemen o comp ehensi e enginee ing se ices and managemen
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o p epa a ion and cons uc ion o in es men p ojec s in connec ion wi h ene gy acili ies. Las bu
no leas , i included esea ch, echnical de elopmen and o he a eas.
The Cen al Adminis a ion o Wa e Managemen ac ed di ec ly o h ough i s compe en bodies:
• wa e managemen de elopmen cen es,
• wa e esea ch ins i u e,
• s a e ins i u e o wa e - ela ed enginee ed s uc u es - Hyd op ojek ,
• economic-p oduc ion a eas o wa e managemen .
2.2. Ac 11/1955 Sb.
Ac No. 11/1955 Sb., Wa e Managemen Ac [2].
• wo ding e ec i e om 1s Janua y 1955- 31s Ma ch 1975
• amended by Ac No. 12/1959 Sb.
This law s ipula ed he obliga ion o main ain and p ese e he na u al condi ion o su ace wa e and
g oundwa e . I he e was a sui able ea men acili y a ailable, o was ewa e disposal was aken ca e
o in a di e en manne , he wa e au ho i y issued a pe mi o discha ge hese wa e s. The go e nmen
could also se ees o was ewa e discha ges depending on i s olumes and pollu an concen a ions.
The Ac did no clea ly de ine any limi alues and no speci ica ions ega ding discha ge o
was ewa e in o sewe age sys ems.
2.3. Ac 138/1973 Sb.
Ac 138/1973 Sb., Ac on Wa e (Wa e Ac ) [3].
• wo ding e ec i e om 1s Ap il 1975- 31s Decembe 2001
• amended by Ac 14/1998 Sb. and 58/1998 Sb.
This Ac deal wi h he discha ges o was ewa e and special wa e in o su ace wa e and g oundwa e
o in o sewe age sys ems. Fees o illici discha ges we e se by he wa e au ho i y.
Discha ges in o su ace wa e and g oundwa e . The wa e managemen au ho i y es ablished
condi ions o measu ing he olumes o was ewa e discha ges in o su ace o g oundwa e and i s
pollu ion. Fu he mo e, i could de e mine he poin and me hod o measu emen , including he
equency wi h which esul s had o be submi ed o his au ho i y. The en i y discha ging was ewa e
in o su ace wa e o g oundwa e was obliged o ensu e i s disposal in an app op ia e echnical
manne , in acco dance wi h he de elopmen o such acili ies. The quali y o su ace wa e o
g oundwa e could no be de e io a ed o endange ed.
The pe missible pollu ion indica o s and hei alues we e se by he go e nmen . Fu he mo e, in
excep ional cases de ined by he go e nmen , he wa e au ho i y pe mi ed a ime-limi ed exceeding
o hese limi s and discha ges o highe pollu ion olumes. On he basis o his decision i was possible
o educe he pe missible alues o o se o he indica o s and hei alues in he e en o wa e
p o ec ion eme gencies.
Discha ges in o public sewe age sys ems. The olumes o discha ged was ewa e and he maximum
pe missible le el o pollu ion we e de e mined by he sewage sys em ope a ing ds app o ed by he
wa e au ho i y. Fu he mo e, he Ac clea ly speci ied subs ances ha we e no conside ed as
was ewa e . Thei discha ges in o he public sewe age sys em we e o bidden.
Some wa e equi ed ea men be o e discha ging. This was subsequen ly pe mi ed by he wa e
au ho i y i he wa e me he equi emen s se by he sewe age sys em egula ions.
2.3.1. Amendmen 58/1998 Sb. Ac No. 58/1998 Sb., on Fees o was ewa e discha ges in o su ace
wa e [4].
• wo ding e ec i e om 30 h Ma ch 1998- 31s Decembe 2001
The Ac speci ies ees o discha ged was ewa e pollu ion. I included calcula ions o he ees and he
condi ions unde which he ees we e imposed. I also p o ided in o ma ion on ees based on he
olumes o discha ged wa e and on he obliga ion o moni o and measu e was ewa e pollu ion.
The Ac explici ly speci ied he en i y au ho ized o analyze samples. I also speci ied he ee e u ns,
e ms and condi ions o he ee paymen pos ponemen and o wai e s, penal ies and ines.
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2.4. Go e nmen Dec ee 25/1975 Sb
Dec ee o he Go e nmen o he Czech Socialis Republic 25/1975 Sb., de e mining indica o s o
pe missible wa e pollu ion [5].
• wo ding e ec i e om 1s Ap il 1975- 15 h Ap il 1992
Discha ges in o su ace wa e and g oundwa e . Pe mi s o discha ge was ewa e and special wa e s
in o su ace wa e we e issued by wa e au ho i ies unde his Dec ee. In some cases, mo e s ingen
alues could be se , howe e , up o he maximum o alues se o wa e supply wa e cou ses.
Discha ges in o g oundwa e we e pe mi ed only excep ionally. The wa e could no endange o
de e io a e he quali y o g oundwa e and he e o e had o be ea ed be o e being discha ged.
Pollu ion aspec s ela ed o discha ges in o he ecei ing wa e . Discha ged wa e was ecalcula ed
wi h ega d o local condi ions in he ecei ing body o wa e based on Q
355
daily low a e. Thus, he
olume o subs ances a e mixing was essen ial. These limi s we e designa ed as pollu ion limi s.
Analyses o wa e acco ding o echnical s anda ds de e mined he quali y o wa e in he ecei ing
wa e . Mos impo an we e he esul s om analyses pe o med a Q
355
. I he su ace wa e quali y
indica o s we e al eady wo se han he pe mi ed ones, i was o bidden o make his indica o e en
wo se by wa e discha ging.
As ega ds wa e supply wa e cou ses, hei indica o s had o be sa is ac o y a any poin . Depending
on he wa e managemen , he wa e au ho i y iden i ied loca ions o o he su ace wa e whe e he
indica o s had o comply wi h he equi emen s.
2.5. Go e nmen Dec ee 171/1992 Sb.
Dec ee o he Go e nmen o he Czech Republic 171/1992 Sb.., laying down indica o s o
pe missible deg ee o wa e pollu ion [6].
• wo ding e ec i e om 16 h Ap il 1992- 31s Augus 1996
• amended by Ac 185/1996 Sb.
Discha ges in o su ace wa e and g oundwa e . When discha ging was ewa e , e o s we e made o
minimize nega i e impac s on su ace wa e . The wa e au ho i y ollowed indica o s o pe missible
le el o pollu ion, which we e binding. Discha ging was ewa e in o g oundwa e was pe mi ed in
excep ional cases. Such wa e had o be cleaned o ea ed be o e being discha ged.
Emission aspec . This dec ee was he i s one which conside ed he emission aspec o pollu ion
indica o s (BOD, COD
C
, SS, N-NH
4+
, P
o al
) and he concen a ion alues we e ela ed o he size o
he sou ce o pollu ion. This size was ela ed o he PE (popula ion equi alen ) and, a he same ime,
o he maximum olume o kg BOD. The BOD indica o was linked o he p oduc ion o 60g BOD pe
capi a a day. These alues could be igh ened by he wa e au ho i y. This usually happened when i
was in he in e es o wa e p o ec ion.
Based on a echnically subs an ia ed applica ion, he wa e au ho i y could ease o he discha ge
equi emen s o a p e-de ined pe iod o ime. Fo example, in he e en o equipmen ailu e,
econs uc ion o commissioning o was ewa e ea men plan s.
Fu he mo e, he go e nmen dec ee con ained ables wi h indica o s o indus ial and special
was ewa e . The able was di ided acco ding o indi idual indus ies p oducing speci ic was ewa e .
2.5.1. Amendmen 185/1996 Sb. Go e nmen Dec ee No. 185/1996 Sb., amending and supplemen ing
Go e nmen Dec ee No. 171/1992 Sb., laying down indica o s o pe missible deg ee o wa e
pollu ion [7].
• wo ding e ec i e om 1s Sep embe 1996- 31s May 1999
The change was mainly ela ed o abandoning he indica o limi alues o he size o sou ces o
pollu ion up o 500 PE. The indica o alues we e no changed o o he sizes o pollu ion sou ce. Ou
o he o iginal six size ca ego ies de ined o pollu ion sou ces (acco ding o he numbe o PE), only 4
ca ego ies we e se .
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2.6. Go e nmen Dec ee 82/1999 Sb.
Go e nmen Dec ee 82/1999 Sb., laying down indica o s and alues o pe missible deg ee o wa e
pollu ion [8].
• wo ding e ec i e om 1s June 1999- 28 h Feb ua y 2003
De elopmen o emission aspec s. In his Dec ee, a di ision be ween p (pe missible) and m
(maximum) appea s in he able showing pe missible alues o each indica o . A new indica o N
ino g
is
added o he indica o s and i ep esen s o al ino ganic ni ogen.
The alues o he pollu ion indica o s o sou ces up o 500 PE we e se by he wa e au ho i y up o
he alues o he ca ego y 501 - 5000 PE. The e o e, a o al o 5 ca ego ies we e se up o he sizes o
pollu ion sou ces and he indica o alues we e made mo e s ingen compa ed o he p e ious
go e nmen dec ee.
The in luence o was ewa e empe a u e on he biological s age e luen was also newly aken in o
accoun on his dec ee. I i did no each 12 °C, he alues o some o he indica o s we e less s ic .
The go e nmen dec ee also included pe missible concen a ion alues o indus ial and special
was ewa e , which was ela ed o a de ailed desc ip ion o indi idual ypes o indus ies. The e we e
also indica o s and hei alues se o su ace wa e pollu ion.
Checks o discha ged was ewa e samples. Minimum equencies o sample aking we e newly
es ablished and his was also ela ed o he size o he sou ce o pollu ion (acco ding o he numbe o
PE) and he me hod o sample aking was desc ibed. This also indica ed he numbe o samples ha
could exceed speci ied pe missible concen a ions o e a pe iod o one yea .
2.7. Go e nmen Dec ee 61/2003 Sb.
Go e nmen dec ee on indica o s and alues o pe missible pollu ion o su ace wa e and was ewa e ,
equi emen s o he pe mi o discha ge was ewa e in o su ace wa e and sewe age and on sensi i e
a eas [9].
• wo ding e ec i e om 1s Ma ch 2003 - 31s Decembe 2015
• amended by 229/2007 Sb. and 23/2011 Sb.
This dec ee was d awn up in acco dance wi h he Eu opean Communi y law, including Council
Di ec i e 91/271/EEC, which is in o ce o da e.
De elopmen o emission aspec s. The numbe o ca ego ies o he size o he sou ce o pollu ion
(newly he size o WWTP) is s ill i e bu he limi alues (numbe o PE) we e modi ied. The
concen a ion alues we e also sligh ly modi ied. The N
ino g
indica o was eplaced by he indica o
N
o
.
As ega ds he emission s anda ds, a able con aining he pe missible minimum ea men e iciency
was i s in oduced.
Values and indica o s o indus ial wa e discha ges as well pe missible pollu ion s anda ds o
su ace wa e we e modi ied. In addi ion, pollu ion s anda ds o su ace wa e used as sou ces o
d inking wa e , ba hing and s e ches o wa e cou ses designa ed as salmonid wa e s and cyp inid
wa e s, we e added.
De elopmen o sampling. Types o samples designa ed as "A" "B" and "C" we e speci ied and a able
showing minimum annual sampling equency was modi ied. The able showing he pe mi ed numbe
o samples ha can ail o mee he pe missible alues emained almos he same.
2.7.1. Amendmen 229/2007 Sb. Go e nmen Dec ee No. 229/2007 Sb. amending Go e nmen Dec ee
No. 61/2003 Sb. on indica o s and alues o pe missible pollu ion o su ace wa e and was ewa e ,
equi emen s o he pe mi o discha ge was ewa e in o su ace wa e and sewe age and on sensi i e
a eas [10].
• wo ding e ec i e om 1s Oc obe 2007- 3 d Ma ch 2011
Emission limi alues we e made s ic e and we e modi ied. The SS indica o was emo ed om he
able showing minimum e iciency and he minimum equi ed e iciency in ela ion o he N-NH
4+
,
P
o al
, N
o al
indica o s we e educed. Indica o s and concen a ions o discha ged indus ial wa e s we e
also modi ied.

Ad ances in En i onmen al Enginee ing
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The able showing s anda ds o pe missible su ace wa e pollu ion was combined wi h he ables
in ended o wa e o be ea ed as d inking wa e , ba hing wa e and salmonid wa e s and cyp inid
wa e s.
The sampling equency was also adjus ed. Especially o he <500 PE ca ego y. Fo ca ego y
>100,000 PE, he TOC indica o was added.
2.7.2. Amendmen 23/2011 Sb. Go e nmen Dec ee No. 23/2011 Sb. amending Go e nmen Dec ee
No. 61/2003 Sb. on indica o s and alues o pe missible pollu ion o su ace wa e and was ewa e ,
equi emen s o he pe mi o discha ge was ewa e in o su ace wa e and sewe age and on sensi i e
a eas, as amended by Go e nmen Dec ee No. 229/2007 Sb [11].
• wo ding e ec i e om 4 h Ma ch 2011- 31s Decembe 2015
The minimum annual sampling equency was speci ied o he la ges ca ego ies o WWTP newly
also o he N-NH
4+
indica o .
In oduc ion o BAT limi s, e iciency o domes ic WWTP. This Dec ee p o ides da a on BAT limi s -
he bes a ailable echnologies and add essed domes ic was ewa e ea men plan s. The use o a
domes ic was ewa e ea men plan s was possible up o 50 PE. The minimum pe missible ea men
e iciency was se o each ca ego y (3 in o al). In he case o such ea ed was ewa e euse (e.g. o
ba hing and wa e ing) i was necessa y o include sani a y ea men (UV, memb ane il a ion).
3. Cu en legisla ion
3.1. Ac 254/2001 Sb.
Ac No. 254/2001 Sb., on Wa e and amendmen o ce ain ac s ( he Wa e Ac ) [12].
• wo ding e ec i e om 1s Janua y 2002
• amended by amendmen s 20/2004 Sb., 181/2008 Sb., 151/2011 Sb., 275/2013 Sb.,
187/2014 Sb. and 113/2018 Sb.
The Ac de ines wa e ha is conside ed o be was ewa e and which is no , and d aws a en ion o he
sewage sys em egula ions. I desc ibes he o mula ion and con en o was ewa e discha ge pe mi s
as well as hei change, cancella ion and e mina ion. I speci ies he obliga ion o dispose o
was ewa e in acco dance wi h condi ions speci ied in he was ewa e discha ge pe mi , which also
speci ies he me hod o measu ing he olume and deg ee o was ewa e pollu ion and subsequen
submission o such in o ma ion.
I speci ies was ewa e discha ges in o su ace wa e o g oundwa e . The Ac also lays down emedial
measu es in case o illici o inciden al was ewa e discha ges.
I con ains in o ma ion on ees o was ewa e discha ges including hei calcula ion and amoun ,
which is ela ed o moni o ing, measu emen and subsequen discha ged was ewa e eco ds. These a e
ees ela ed o exceeding he maximum pe mi ed olume o wa e o pollu ion exceeding he de ined
indica o s.
3.2. Go e nmen Dec ee No. 401/2015 Sb.
Go e nmen Dec ee No. 401/2015 Sb. on indica o s and alues o pe missible pollu ion o su ace
wa e and was ewa e , equi emen s o he pe mi o discha ge was ewa e in o su ace wa e and
sewe age and on sensi i e a eas [13].
• wo ding e ec i e om 1s Janua y 2016
The emission s anda ds and he en i e BAT able a e he same as in he p e ious dec ee. The SS
indica o was emo ed om he limi s ela ed o he minimum e iciency o municipal was ewa e
ea men plan s and he N
o al
indica o was added. The able showing indica o s o pe missible su ace
wa e pollu ion was changed again.
The minimum annual sampling equency is no longe di ided in o indica o s, which is a
simpli ica ion. The e o e, only one numbe is se o each size ca ego y - one equency.
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4. Conclusion
The i s legal egula ions only men ioned was ewa e discha ges, and no indica o s we e se o be
moni o ed. E en wi h he in oduc ion o he i s limi ing concen a ion alues o selec ed pollu ion
indica o s, he en i onmen was s ill no p o ec ed as i is nowadays. Today, he pollu ion indica o s
moni o ed a he e luen om was ewa e ea men plan s a e logically he mos s ingen indica o s
ha ha e e e been se .
The a icle p esen s he main sec ions conce ning was ewa e discha ges and he de elopmen o his
a ea is e iden . F om he o iginal men ion o was ewa e discha ges, o he i s limi concen a ions o
selec ed indica o s, he pollu ion and emission aspec s, o BAT limi s and minimum ea men
e iciencies.
Acknowledgemen s
The pape was d awn up wi hin he s anda d p ojec No. FAST-J-18-5545 “Tes ing o abso p ion
media o odou emo al om sewe s”.
Re e ences
[1] Go e nmen Dec ee No. 92/1953 Sb.: Go e nmen O de No. 92/1953 Sb., Go e nmen Dec ee
Es ablishing he Cen al Adminis a ion o Wa e Managemen , In:. Yea 1953, No. 92.
[2] Ac 11/1955 Sb.: Wa e Managemen Ac In,: . Yea 1955, No. 11.
[3] Ac 138/1973 Sb.: Wa e Ac , In:. Yea 1973, No. 138.
[4] Ac No. 58/1998 Sb.: Ac No. 58/1998 Sb., on Fees o Was ewa e Discha ges in o Su ace
Wa e , In:. Yea 1998, No. 58.
[5] Go e nmen Dec ee 25/1975 Sb.: Dec ee o he Go e nmen o he Czech Socialis Republic
laying down Indica o s o Pe missible Deg ee o Wa e Pollu ion, In:. Yea 1975, No. 25.
[6] Go e nmen Dec ee 171/1992 Sb.: Dec ee o he Go e nmen o he Czech Republic laying
down Indica o s o Pe missible Deg ee o Wa e Pollu ion, In. Yea 1992, No. 171.
[7] Go e nmen Dec ee No. 185/1996 Sb.: Go e nmen Dec ee No. 185/1996 Sb., amending and
supplemen ing Go e nmen Dec ee No. 171/1992 Sb., laying down indica o s o pe missible
deg ee o wa e pollu ion, In:. Yea 1996, No. 185.
[8] Go e nmen Dec ee 82/1999 Sb.: Go e nmen Dec ee laying down indica o s and alues o
pe missible deg ee o wa e pollu ion, In. Yea 1999, No. 82.
[9] Go e nmen Dec ee No. 61/2003 Sb.: Go e nmen Dec ee on indica o s and alues o
pe missible pollu ion o su ace wa e and was ewa e , equi emen s o he pe mi o
discha ge was ewa e in o su ace wa e and sewe age and on sensi i e a eas, In:. Yea
2003, No. 61.
[10] Go e nmen Dec ee 229/2007 Sb.: Go e nmen Dec ee 229/2007 Sb. amending Go e nmen
Dec ee 61/2003 Sb. on indica o s and alues o pe missible pollu ion o su ace wa e and
was ewa e , equi emen s o he pe mi o discha ge was ewa e in o su ace wa e and
sewe age and on sensi i e a eas, In:. Yea 2007, No. 229.
[11] Go e nmen Dec ee 23/2011 Sb: Go e nmen Dec ee 23/2011 Sb. amending Go e nmen
Dec ee 61/2003 Sb. on indica o s and alues o pe missible pollu ion o su ace wa e and
was ewa e , equi emen s o he pe mi o discha ge was ewa e in o su ace wa e and
sewe age and on sensi i e a eas as amended by Go e nmen Dec ee 229/2007 Sb. In:. Yea
2011, No. 23.
[12] Ac 254/2001 Sb.: Ac on Wa e and amendmen o ce ain ac s ( he Wa e Ac ), as amended,
In:. Yea 2001, No. 254.
[13] Go e nmen Dec ee No. 401/2015 Sb.: Go e nmen Dec ee n on he indica o s and alues o
pe missible su ace wa e and g oundwa e pollu ion , equi emen s o was ewa e
discha ge pe mi s o was ewa e discha ges in o su ace wa e and sewe age sys ems and
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