CLOISONNÉ
ENAMELS
IN
ARAGON
AND
NAVARRE
Ma in
Chauncey
Ross
The
i o ies
(1)
on
he
Jaca
bookco e s
(now
¡n
he
Me opoli-
an
Museum
o
A )
ha e
o en
been
emphasized
o
hen
¡mpo ance
in
he
his o y
o
he
a .
This
is
pa iculo ly
ue
o
he
one
wi h
he
Romanesque
i
gu es
o ming
he
C uci ix
scene
becouse
i
bea s
an
insc ip ion
gi íng
he
ñame
o
Queen
Felicia,
he
wi e
o
Sancho
Ramí ez,
king
o
A agón.
SInce
Queen
Felicia
died
¡n
1083
I
seems
likely
ha
he
bookco e
Is
ea lie
in
da e.
The
I o ies
a e
su ely
Spanish
and
he
beau l ul
ca ing
wl h
he
sub ie
exp esslons
ha e
ea ned
hese
a
dese ed
ame.
The
me alwó k
¡s
aiso
i
ne
and
Spa
nish
in
o igin
like
he
I ones.
The
o he
hal
o
he
co e
has
a
simi
la
ame
bu
a
Byzan ine
i o y
in
he
cen e
(2).
The
i s
pa
o
he
co e
has
a
me olwo k
ame
deco aled
wl h
ilig ee
sc olls
¡n e spe sed
wi h
cabochon
s ones
and
a
cloison-
né
enamel.
The
la e
appea s
o
be
he
only
one
emainlng
ou
o
eigh
enameis
since
he e
a e
spaces
o
elg h
mo e
like
¡
and
o
abou
he
same
slze.
This
clolsonné
enamel
is
on
gold
and
has
o
o mal
pa e n
in
whi e,
ed
and
anslucen
g een.
Legulna
(3)
s es-
sed
he
¡mpo ance
o
hese
enameis
In
his
book
on
Spanish
enameis
and
D .
Hildbu gh
(4)
slnce
his
a icle
was
i
s
w i en
has
men io-
ned
hem
b ie iy.
They
ha e
also
been
en a i ely
called
Byzan ine
in
o igin
and
D .
Hildbu gh
does
no
dlspell
his
belie
(5).
(1)
A.
Go'Idschmid ,
Die
El enbeinskulp u en
aus
de
Romanischen
Zei .—
Beplín.
1926.
IV.
H.S
110.
(2)
A.
Goldsohmid
and
K.
Wei zmoin,
Die
Byzan inísch^n'
El enbeinskulp
u en.
II.
Die
Relie s.—Be lín,
1934.
N.2
108.
(3)
En ique
de
Leguina.
Esmal es
Españoles.—Mad id,
1909,
p.
87.
(4)
W.
L.
Hildbu gh.
Medie al
Spanish
Enamels.—Ox o d,
1936,
pp.
33
.
(5)
Hildbu gh,
op.
di,
p-
34.
My
a icle
was
cc uolly
w i en
be o e
he
publicc iop
o
D .
Hildbu gh's
book.
I
only
eieose
ii
now
beoause
o
his
he-
sl ancy
o oou
he.
The
o igin
&
he
ename/is.
.V
—
98
A e
ha ing
s udied
mos
o
he
exis ing
Byzan ine
enameis
¡n
he
chu ch
easu es
and
museums
o
Eu ope
and
Amé ica
i
con
soy
ho
I
know
o
no
encmels
o
Byzan ine
o igin
like
his.
Nei he
am
I
amilia
wi h
any
enameis
made
no h
o
he
Py enees
qui e
com
pa able
o
his
li ie
piece.
Cloisonné
enamelling
was
amilia
in
he
As u ias
as
ea ly
as
he
ÍX
cen u y
bu
his
agmen
does
no
appea
o
be
e y
closely
connec ed
wi h
hem.
My
conclusión
he e o e
is
ha
we
ha e
ha é
a
cloisonné
enamel
ho
was
p obably
niade
in
A agón
o
nea -by.
I
cloisonné
enamels
could
be
made
in
one
sec-
ion
o
Spain,
as
hey
ce ainly
we e
in
he
As u ias,
he e
is
no
eason
why
hey
should
no
ha e
been
made
in
Na a e.
The
desc ip ion
o
he
golden
al a
on al
a
San a
Ma ía
de
Na¡e á
by
Yepes
is
all
ha
we
now
know
abou
wha
once
mus
ha e
been
a
sump uous
example
o
he
goldsmi hs
a .
Judging
om
Yepes'
wo ds,
he
al a
on al
nad
conside able
impo ance
o
he
his o y
o
he
a
o
me alwo k
and
enamelüng
and
o
his
eason
i
seems
wo hwhüe
o
quo e
hím
in
ul):
"piezas
iquísimas
que
u o
es e
con en o.
La
una
es
un
on al
g ande
del
al a
de
nues a
Seño a
(i.
e.
San a
Ma ía
de
Nóje a),
quaxado
de
planchas
de
o o,
de
ma illo,
yen
el
mucha
imagine ía
de
bullos
de
o o,
que
es aba
gua necido
con
con o ze
pied as
p eciosas,
eyn e
y
qua o
g anos
muy
g andes
de
aíjo a ,
y
eyn e
y
es
esmal es
g andes.
Comengo
es e
ico
on al
el
Rey
don
Ga
cía,
y
p e enido
de
da
mue e
le
acabó
el
Rey
don
Sancho
su
hiio,
y
la
Reyna
doña
Blanca.
Tenia
un
le e o
eleuado
de
o o
po
oda
la
o la
que
dezia
es as
palab as.
Bea o
e
Ma iae
quam
sine
sci e ,
nequís
dubi a e
ce isime
scia ,
hoc
eci
Rex
Ga cías.
Haec
Rex
pi|su
mus
eci
Ga cías
benignus
&
S e anía
me
ac um,
sue
hono e
Ma
iae,
scílice
Almany
decus
a i icís
ene andi.
No
se
sabia
haze
me¡o
La in
en
aquellos
iempos,
pe o
es e
aduzido,
quizo
dezi ,
que
es e
on al
dedicado
pa a
nues a
Seño a,
poique
Ninguna
dude,
sepa
con
ce idunb e,
que
le
hizo
el
Rey
pijsismo;
y
benig-
nissimp
don
Ga cía,
y
la
Reyna
don
Es e anía,
en
hono
de
lo
mis-
—
99
—
ma
Vi gen
San a
Mo ía;
y
el
a í ice
que
le
ob ó
ue
Alemono
e
ne able
maes o
des e
a e"
(1).
F om
he
ínsc ip íon
í
would
appea
ha
he
o iginal
dono s
we e
Ga cía
lli,
king
o
No o e
(1035-54)
and
his
wí e,
Es e onio.
Howe e
he
comple ion
o
he
on al
was
le
o
hei
son
Ga cía
Sánchez
IV
(died
in
1076),
gene ally
colled
"o
Naja á".
I
has
been
sugges ed
ha
he
golden
on al
was
eally
made
o
Ga cía
V
(1134-50)
and
hís
b ide
he
Doña
Blanca
bu
since
Ga cía
IV
had
aiso
a
Queen
Blanca
and
since
he
ñames
o
his
pa en s
ally
wi h
hose
men ioned
in
he
insc ip ion,
we
mus
assing
he
al a
on al
o
him.
I
would
ha e
been
made
ea ly
in
his
eing,
be o e
he
dea h
o
Queen
Blanca,
bu
la e
han
1054
when
his
a he
died.
Fu he -
no e
he
me alwo k
o
he
XI
cen u y
is
almos
always
in
gold
o
sil e
while
in
he
XII
cen u y
such
la ga
objec s
as
al a
on als
we e
a ely
in
a
p ecious
me al
bu
usually
in
gilde
coppe .
í
we
compa e
his
desc ip ion
wi h,
o
example,
ha
o
he
los
me al
wo k
on
he
XI
cen u y
sh íne
o
he
i ula
sain
a .
he
nea by
San
Millón
de
la
Cogolla
(2),.
he e
a e
many
compa isons
o
be
made,
pa icula y
in
he
use
o
c ys als,
which
appa en ly
o mad
a
cons-
picuous
pa
o
he
deco a ion
o
his
eliqua y,
now
pa iy
des o-
yed.
Thus
he
on al
on
o he
g ouds
han
he
ñames
in
he
insc ip
ion
seems
o
ha e
been
o
he
X!
cen u y.
Enamelling
on
gold,
oo,
_
indica es
an
XI
cen u y,
a he
han
o
XII
cen u y
da e.
Occiden als
enameis
in
cloisonné
on
gold
a e
almos
unknown,
coppe
gil
champ!e é
enameis
being
hen
he
o-
gue.
The
use
o
gold
o
hese
enameis
is
almos
ce ain
e idence
ha
hey
we e
in
cloisonné
and
o
he
XI
cen u y.
The
ac ual
wo ds
o
Yepes
in
ega d
o
he
enamels
a e
in e-
es ing.
He
speaks
o
hem
as
eyn es
y
es
esmal es
g andes
inme-
dla ely
a e
he
has
men ioned
he
wen y
ou
pea ls
which
he
des-
c ibed
as
muy
g andes.
F om
hls
Í
would
appeo
ha
he
enameis
we e
o
no
g ea
size
and
ha
hey
al e na ed
wi h
he
pea ls
ín.
he
whoie
scheme
o
he
deco a ion.
The
same
idea
we
ha e
al ecdy
ound
on
he
Jaca
bookco e
whe e
he
enamel
is
smalle
han
many
o
he
cabochons.
The
bookco e
as
no ed
was
made
be o e
(1)
An onio
de
Yepes,
C ónica
Gene al
de
la
O den
de
S.
Beni o.—Vol.
VI,
póg.
124
(2)
A.
K.
Po a ,
"Leonesque
Romanesque
and
Sou he n
-F ance",
The
A
Bulle in
1926.
Vil!,
'póg.
272,
no e
6.
—
100
—
1083,
he
yea
in
which
Queen
Felicia
died,
ond
so
sepa o ed
e y
li ie
in
ime
' om
he
Noje ó
al o
on al.
Na a e
and
A agón
we e
uni ed
unde
Sancho
Ga cia
IV
(died
1078)
and
Sancho
Ramí
ez
agains
Sancho
el
Fue e
o
Cas ille
so
ha
simila
enameis
and
me alwo k
ound
in
he
wo
s a es
is
qui e
plausible
a
his
pe iod.
So
he
bookco e
aids
us
in
econs uc ing
he
al a
on al
and
gi es
US
a
wide
pic u e
o
me alwo k
and
enamelling
in
his
egión
in
he
XI
cen u y.
Since
cloisonné
enameis
we e
employed
in
numbe s
in
his
e
gión
o
Spain
i
is
qui e
possible
ho
hey
we e
made
he e.
Thsy
we e
mode
long
be o e
his
in
o he
pa s
o
Spain,
in
he
As u ias,
Besides
he
one
emaining
piece
on
he
Jaca
bookco e
esembles
no
known
enamel
om
o he
pa s
o
Eu ope.
The
conclusión
se-^ms
o
be
ha
he
a
o
cloisonné
enamelling
was
p ac icad
in
Na a e
and
A agón
in
he
XI
cen u y
o
a
conside able
ex en
al hough
o
ou
p esen
ynowledge
i
was
con med
o
deco a i o
wo k
and
did
no
include
igu e
subjec s.
■
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