SOCIOLOGÍA Y TECNOCIENCIA, 15.1 (2025): 122-137
ISSN: 1989-8487
E ec os de la ecnología digi al en los es ilos de ida de
las comunidades ma ginadas de Indonesia desas e pos
Co id-19
Digi al Technology E ec s on Li es yles in Ma ginalized
Communi ies in Indonesia: Pos Co id-19 Disas e
HARIFUDDIN HARIFUDDIN
Depa men o sociology Bosowa Uni e si y o Makassa . Indonesia
ha i uddin.halim@uni e si asbosowa.ac.id
ORCID : h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0001-6173-7506
FAIDAH AZUZ
Depa men o Ag ibussiness Bosowa Uni e si y o Makassa . Indonesia
aidah.azuz@uni e si asbosowa.ac.id
ORCID : h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-3729-7579
ASMIRAH ASMIRAH
Depa men o sociology Bosowa Uni e si y o Makassa .Indonesia
asmi ah@uni e si asbosowa.ac.id
HASLINDA B. ANRIANI
Tadulako Uni e si y. Indonesia
linda.an [email protected]
O cid: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0001-7437-6367
ANDI BURCHANUDDIN
Depa men o sociology Bosowa Uni e si y o Makassa Indonesia
[email p o ec ed]
O cid: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0001-6770-7914
ABDUL MALIK ISKANDAR
Depa men o sociology o Educa ion Mega Rezky Uni e si y o Makassa Indonesia
abdulmalikiskanda @unime z.ac.id
ORCID : h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0001-7191-3606
Recibido/Recei ed: 07/01/2024. Acep ado/Accep ed: 18/11/2024.
Cómo ci a /How o ci e: Ha i uddin, Ha i uddin, e al., (2025). Digi al Technology E ec s
on Li es yles in Ma ginalized Communi ies in Indonesia: Pos Co id-19 Disas e .
Sociología y Tecnociencia, 15 (1), 122-137. DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.24197/s .1.2025.122-
137.
Digi al Technology E ec s on Li es yles in Ma ginalized Communi ies ……………..
SOCIOLOGÍA Y TECNOCIENCIA, 15.1 (2025): 122-137
ISSN: 1989-8487
123
A ículo de acceso abie o dis ibuido bajo una Licencia C ea i e Commons
A ibución 4.0 In e nacional (CC-BY 4.0). / Open access a icle unde a C ea i e
Commons A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional License (CC-BY 4.0).
Resumen: La ecnología digi al iene un impac o en los es ilos de ida y el compo amien o de las
pe sonas después de la pandemia de Co id-19. El p opósi o de es e es udio es analiza (1) ¿cómo
unciona la ecnología digi al como de e minan e del es ilo de ida de las comunidades
ma ginadas as el desas e pandémico de Co id-19? (2) ¿cómo a ec a la ecnología digi al al
compo amien o de las comunidades ma ginadas as el desas e pandémico de Co id-19? (3)
¿cuál es la di ección de los e ec os sociales de la digi alización en las comunidades ma ginadas
as el desas e pandémico de Co id-19? Es a in es igación se lle ó a cabo en Makassa ,
p o incia de Sulawesi del Su , Indonesia, u ilizando un diseño explo a o io-secuencial. Pa a la
ecopilación de da os se u iliza on en e is as en p o undidad, obse aciones, encues as y
es udios bibliog á icos. Las écnicas de análisis de da os cuali a i os se basa on en la écnica de
los es pasos y las de da os cuan i a i os, en la abulación de ecuencias. Los esul ados de es e
es udio son: (1) la ecnología digi al como de e minan e del es ilo de ida en las comunidades
ma ginadas a a és como medio de comunicación, como medio de cons ucción de edes
sociales, como uen e de conocimien o e in o mación, como medio de ansacciones, como
acilidad de en e enimien o. (2) la ecnología digi al a ec a al compo amien o de las
comunidades ma ginadas en o ma de ene muchas cuen as en los medios sociales, apa ece en
los medios sociales, o ma pa e de la sociali é, publica con ecuencia las ac i idades dia ias
en los medios sociales, apa ece con a ac i as apa iciones en los medios sociales, comp a a
a és de iendas online. (3) la di ección del e ec o social de la ecnología digi al se con e i á en
una necesidad y pa e de la ida humana. En conclusión, la ecnología digi al a ec a al
compo amien o y es ilo de ida de las pe sonas has a después del desas e de la pandemia de
Co id-19.
Palab as cla e: Tecnología digi al; ca ás o e pandémica pos e io a Co id-19; comunidad ma ginada;
medios sociales; es ilo de ida y compo amien o
Abs ac : Digi al echnology has an impac on people's li es yles and beha io a e he Co id-19
pandemic. The pu pose o his s udy is o analyze (1) how digi al echnology wo ks as a de e minan o
li es yle in ma ginalized communi ies a e he Co id-19 pandemic disas e ? (2) how digi al echnology
a ec s he beha io o ma ginalized communi ies a e he Co id-19 pandemic disas e ? (3) wha is he
di ec ion o he social e ec s o digi aliza ion on ma ginalized communi ies a e he Co id-19 pandemic
disas e ? This esea ch was conduc ed in Makassa , Sou h Sulawesi P o ince, Indonesia using an
explo a o y-sequen ial design. Da a collec ion u ilized in-dep h in e iews, obse a ions, su eys, and
li e a u e s udies. Quali a i e da a analysis echniques using he 3-s ep echnique and quan i a i e da a
analysis using equency abula ion. The esul s o his s udy a e: (1) digi al echnology as a de e minan
o li es yle in ma ginalized communi ies h ough as a means o communica ion, as a means o building
social ne wo ks, as he sou ce o knowledge and in o ma ion, as a means o ansac ions, as
en e ainmen acili y. (2) digi al echnology a ec s he beha io o ma ginalized communi ies in he
o m o ha ing many social media accoun s, appea ing on social media, becoming pa o he sociali e,
equen ly pos daily ac i i ies on social media, appea pos a ac i e appea ances on social media, shop
ia online s o es. (3) he di ec ion o he social e ec o digi al echnology will become a necessi y and
pa o human li e. In conclusion, digi al echnology a ec s people's beha io and li es yle un il a e he
Co id-19 pandemic disas e .
Keywo ds: Digi al echnology; pos - Co id-19 pandemic disas e ; ma ginalized communi y; social
media; li es yle and beha io .
Ha i uddin, Ha i uddin e al.,
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1. INTRODUCTION
The Co id-19 pandemic disas e has changed he li es o all humans a ound
he wo ld in hei in e ac ions wi h each o he (Alam e al., 2022; Maison e al., 2021;
Onyeaka e al., 2021). Be o e he pandemic disas e occu ed, humans in e ac ed
p ima y and ace- o- ace. Howe e , du ing he pandemic, he e a e no longe
in e ac ions ha occu di ec ly bu using digi al echnology, especially such as
sma phones and able s (Ii a i e al., 2020; Pandya & Lodha, 2021). Th ough digi al
echnology, humans can no only in e ac wi h each o he be ween wo people bu
can in e ac wi h many people simul aneously while enjoying he en e ainmen
p o ided by digi al echnology simul aneously (Haleem e al., 2022; K aus e al.,
2021). Thus he p ohibi ion du ing he pandemic o no ha e di ec in e ac ion as
some go e nmen egula ions by keeping a dis ance o a oid ansmission o Co id-
19 can be implemen ed by he communi y. Digi al echnology is unde s ood as a
echnology whe e i s ope a ion no longe equi es a lo o human labou and is mo e
likely o u ilize an au oma ed sys em wi h a compu e sys em (Tulinayo e al., 2018).
In ma ginalized communi ies in Indonesia such as begga s and sca enge s,
hese condi ions a e also expe ienced and o ce hem o adjus because hey ha e o
p o ide o hei amilies. In ac , eali y shows ha hei economic li e has limi a ions
(Fa imah e al., 2019; Nug aha, 2021). They wo k in he u ban non- o mal sec o wi h
unce ain income such as begging, sc ap collec ing, cons uc ion labou (Fa oni &
Susilo, 2023). Speci ically in he ci y o Makassa , he e a e a ound 11,037 esiden s
(BPS, 2023) who wo k as sca enge s o collec used goods. The e a e also hose who
wo k as begga s and cons uc ion labo e s.
The use o digi al echnology among ma ginalized communi ies was ini ially
in ended o hei child en's lea ning needs. In assis ing hei child en o lea n online,
hey use he zoom and google mee applica ion pla o ms (An iani e al., 2021). In i s
de elopmen , digi al echnology can be used in online ansac ions such as buying
and selling goods ia he in e ne a se e al online shops. The use o online media in
in e ac ing con inues un il he co id-19 pandemic is o e . Howe e , un il he co id-
19 pandemic is o e , i is sus ainable and has become a new end o online in e ac ion
in all aspec s o li e and all g oups o socie y.
The e has been a lo o esea ch in his ega d and i can be mapped in o h ee
a eas. Fi s , esea ch ha ocuses on he social impac o inc eased digi iza ion du ing
he pandemic (Hamamo o e al., 2023; Kama uddin e al., 2022; Tasmilah e al.,
2022). The esea ch s a es ha digi aliza ion can acili a e socializa ion be ween
indi iduals, inc ease employee p oduc i i y in he o ice, and acili a e he lea ning
p ocess. Secondly, esea ch ha looks a he social psychological impac o digi al
use du ing he Co id-19 pandemic on socie y (Alqah ani e al., 2022;
K ishnamoo hy e al., 2021; Saladino e al., 2020) as i is s a ed ha people in gene al
expe ience anxie y and s ess because hey a e wo ied abou con ac ing Co id-19
om hei in e ac ions. Thi d, esea ch ha ocuses on socio-economic aspec s (Fah a
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e al., 2022; Si ega , 2021; Zhang e al., 2022). The s udy s a ed ha he e was
signi ican economic g ow h due o he use o digi aliza ion. Based on exis ing
esea ch, he e is no esea ch on he social e ec s o digi aliza ion ha ocuses on
ma ginalized g oups such as sca enge g oups, begga g oups and cons uc ion
wo ke s and he social e ec s ake place a e he pandemic. The e o e, his esea ch
aims o complemen he sho comings o exis ing esea ch. Based on his desc ip ion,
3 esea ch ques ions can be asked as ollows (1) how does digi al echnology wo k
as a de e minan o li es yle in ma ginalized communi ies? (2) how does digi al
echnology a ec he beha io o ma ginalized communi ies a e he Co id-19
pandemic disas e ? (3) wha is he di ec ion o he social e ec s o digi aliza ion on
ma ginalized communi ies a e he Co id-19 pandemic disas e ? The answe s o
hese ques ions will be an inpu o he go e nmen in mapping and making policies
o p o iding social assis ance and empowe men p og ams o ma ginalized
communi ies. This esea ch is based on he a gumen ha digi aliza ion has an impac
on changing li es yles o become mode n h ough he use o sophis ica ed
echnology. The sophis ica ion o echnological means is use ul o acili a e human
communica ion on social media du ing lea ning, du ing ansac ions, when sending
documen s, and so on.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In he e a o he Co id-19 pandemic, he use o in e ne echnology is he
main and dominan hing in ac i i ies and connec ing be ween people (Langley e al.,
2021). This has con inued un il a e he pandemic. Ma ginalized communi ies such
as begga g oups, sca enge g oups, and labo g oups a e also condi ioned by hese
ci cums ances and use in e ne echnology o in e ac . Al hough hei economic
si ua ion shows ha hei inances a e limi ed, in he end, many o hem can adap o
he need o in e ne o digi al echnology, especially o he con inui y o hei
child en's lea ning (Mohd Basa e al., 2021) who a e s ill o en online o online
ansac ion ac i i ies on many online s o es. Bu eauc a ic se ices a go e nmen
o ices also use online se ices (Chen e al., 2021) in sending pe sonal da a and
documen s. Thus, people ha e no choice bu o ollow he new end and i equi es
he use o mode n digi al echnology as well. The owne ship o inc easingly
sophis ica ed digi al echnology signi ies an inc ease in li es yle (Plekhano e al.,
2023). The mo e b anded a gadge is, he mo e expensi e and sophis ica ed i is, and
ice e sa. Howe e , he e a e also hose who equi e hei gadge s no o be
sophis ica ed, as long as hey can communica e (Se dyuko , 2017).
3. MATERIAL AND METHOD
This s udy used a mixed me hods design (Sugiyono, 2011; Tashakko i &
Teddie, 2010) wi h a quali a i e-quan i a i e design (explo a o y-sequen ial)
Ha i uddin, Ha i uddin e al.,
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(C eswell, 2013). The esea ch loca ion ook place in Makassa ci y, Sou h Sulawesi
P o ince, Indonesia. Da a collec ion used in-dep h in e iews, in ol ed obse a ion,
su eys, and li e a u e s udies. Quali a i e da a analysis using he Miles and
Hube man 3-s ep model echnique (1999), while quan i a i e da a analysis uses
desc ip i e quan i a i e wi h equency abula ion (Suyan o, 2015). The esea ch
popula ion is all people belonging o ma ginalized g oups, o al 11,037 people
consis ing o begga s, sca enge s, cons uc ion wo ke s, and so on (BPS, 2023). The
sample was d awn using he Slo in Fo mula (Slo in, 1960) wi h a ma gin o e o o
0.05 as ou lined in he ollowing able.
Table 1. Resea ch Sample, 2024
No.
Ma ginalized Communi y
n
1
Begga ’s g oup
17
2
Sca enge ’s g oup
17
3
Labo ’s g oup
16
To al
50
Sou ce: BPS Makassa Ci y 2023.
Table 2. Cha ac e is ics o esea ch esponden s
No.
Demog aphy
%
1.
Age
a) 16-20 yea s
b) 21-25 yea s
c) 25-30 yea s
d) 31-35 yea s
e) >35 yea s
7
14
8
11
10
14
28
16
22
20
2.
Gende
a) Male
b) Female
39
11
78
22
3.
Educa ion
a) No comple ed p ima y school
b) Comple ed p ima y school
c) No g adua ed om junio high school
d) Comple ed junio high school
e) No g adua ed om senio high school
) High school g adua e
5
8
19
6
9
3
10
16
38
12
18
6
4.
Income pe mon h
a) < Rp. 500.000
b) Rp. 501.000-1.000.000
c) Rp. 1.001.000-1.500.000
d) Rp. 1.500.000-2.000.000
e) > Rp. 2.000.000
7
6
13
15
9
14
12
26
30
18
5.
Numbe o child en
a) 0
b) 1
5
8
10
16
Digi al Technology E ec s on Li es yles in Ma ginalized Communi ies ……………..
SOCIOLOGÍA Y TECNOCIENCIA, 15.1 (2025): 122-137
ISSN: 1989-8487
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c) 2
d) 3
e) >4
21
9
7
42
18
14
6.
Numbe child en who a end school
a) 0
b) 1-2
c) 3-4
d) >4
11
26
9
4
22
52
18
8
Sou ce: ques ionnai e 2023.
.
4.RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Digi al Technology as a De e minan o Li es yle in Ma ginalized
Communi ies
The Co id-19 pandemic, which has caused di ec in e ac ion be ween
indi iduals o shi o indi ec in e ac ion, has made humans choose digi al
echnology as he mos e ec i e means o in e ac ion and communica ion. Th ough
digi al echnology, people can connec wi h each o he anywhe e and any ime. Fo
his g oup o esponden s, he means used o in e ac wi h each o he a ec s hei
li es yle and his a ec s he way hey in e ac . Fo hem, in e ac ing using digi al
means is like being a he le el o an eli e class socie y whe e wi h hese digi al
acili ies hey can p ocu e hings easily, unlike hei ac ual si ua ion whe e ob aining
hings is no easy.
Digi al echnology also allows his g oup o consume in o ma ion a any ime
and always be upda ed so ha hey know quickly he e en s ha ake place elsewhe e
o a ound hem. As a esul , hei knowledge and insigh s abou he g owing social
phenomena ha e inc eased such as knowledge abou he hypebeas li es yle, popula
and endy b anded goods and so on. They also like hese i ems bu canno a o d
hem and hey p e e o look o le el 2 and 3 quali y i ems ha hey can a o d.
In gene al, ma ginalized communi ies use digi al echnology as a sou ce o
much en e ainmen o hem. They can download ilms, songs, e en games and so
on so ha digi al echnology has become a 'basic need' along wi h he 'in e ne '.
Ha i uddin, Ha i uddin e al.,
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Figu e 1. Digi al echnology as a li es yle de e minan .
Digi al echnology as a means o communica ion. This is indeed he p ima y
unc ion o digi al echnology in he o m o mobile phones o o he gadge s and
almos e e yone uses his kind o echnology and ma ginalized communi ies call i
"And oid". They p ocu ed mobile phones wi h And oid echnology o ul il his
p ima y pu pose. Bu he dis ibu ion o esponden s' answe s s a ed ha om he
begga g oup he e we e 13 o (26%) who s a ed his, om he sca enge g oup he e
we e 11 people o (22%) and om he cons uc ion wo ke g oup he e we e 3
esponden s o (6%) who ga e such answe s. In addi ion, he es o each o hese
g oups did no espond.
In addi ion o he abo e, digi al echnology as a means o building social
ne wo ks. The in e es ing hing abou his digi al echnology is ha i s ea u es a e
designed om he beginning o connec wi h o he people om all o e he wo ld.
Thus, a pe son is condi ioned o ha e iendships wi h many people in cybe space
wi hou physical con ac . The ad an ages o echnology in building social ne wo ks
we e s a ed by almos all esponden s, namely 11 people o (22%) om he begga
g oup, 9 esponden s o (18%) om he sca enge g oup, and 13 esponden s o
(26%) om he labo g oup who said i .
I is undeniable ha Digi al echnology as he sou ce o knowledge and
in o ma ion. This is ano he impo an pu pose o ha ing digi al echnology. Digi al
echnology allows all in o ma ion o be a ailable and accessible ia and oid. This
was also s a ed by mo e han hal o he esponden s, namely 5 people o (1%) om
13
11
5
7
6
11
9
6
13
8
3
13
7
6
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Digi al
Technology as a
means o
communica ion
Digi al
Technology as a
means o
building sical
ne wo ks
Digi al
Technology as
he sou ce o
knowledge and
in o ma ion
Digi al
echnology as an
en e ainmen
acili y
Digi al
echnology as
means o
ansac ions
Begga 's g oup Sca enge 's g oup Labou 's g oup
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he begga g oup, 6 esponden s o (12%) om he sca enge g oup, and 7
esponden s o (14%) om he cons uc ion wo ke g oup.
In Digi al echnology, one o he ea u es ha e e yone needs is an
en e ainmen acili y. The acili y can be enjoyed by all digi al echnology
en husias s. They can enjoy en e ainmen h ough a ailable ilms, h ough songs and
so on. This is wha ge s a lo o ecogni ion om esponden s, namely 7 esponden s
o (14%) om he begga g oup, 13 esponden s o (26%) om he sca enge g oup,
and 6 esponden s o (12%) om he cons uc ion wo ke g oup.
Digi al echnology as a means o ansac ions. The mos in e es ing
phenomenon is he use o digi al echnology in ansac ions. This is also due o he
endency o people o shop online by no lea ing hei homes o wo kplaces and hey
s ill ge he goods hey buy in s o es online. The paymen also happens online. This
means ha ansac ions ake place be ween selle s and buye s wi hou mee ing ace-
o- ace and ake place using digi al echnology. Rega ding hese online ansac ions,
he e we e 6 esponden s o (12%) om he begga g oup, he e we e 8 esponden s
o (16%) om he sca enge g oup, and 5 esponden s o (1%) om he cons uc ion
labo g oup who exp essed hei ag eemen ega ding his phenomenon which is now
ending.
Looking a he answe s o esponden s who suppo he s a emen s in his
esea ch i em, i shows ha his is he ongoing phenomenon o digi al echnology
a e he Co id-19 pandemic disas e ha has aken place since he pandemic ook
place. Responden s who did no p o ide an answe did no show disag eemen wi h
he phenomenon bu a he hey did no answe o espond o he s a emen . In ac ,
hose who did no gi e an answe a e ac i e and oid phone use s and make ex ensi e
use o he ea u es p o ided. Thus, i can be said ha digi al echnology is unc ional
o ma ginalized communi ies, especially o hei li es yle in suppo ing hei
ac i i ies and wo k.
4.2. Digi al echnology and beha io o ma ginalized communi ies a e he
Co id-19 pandemic disas e
A e he Co id-19 pandemic disas e , digi al echnology has become an
impo an pa o people's li es in gene al a ound he wo ld, including people in
Indonesia, and especially ma ginalized communi ies in he esea ch loca ion. In
ma ginalized communi ies, digi al echnology h ough sma phones has cons uc ed
hei beha io and li es yle, which means ha he li es yle is always based on he
exis ence o digi al echnology. The e is a e m now e e ing o his condi ion o
socie y as "Digi al Socie y" which means ha all aspec s o li e, beha io and social
ac ions o he communi y a e based on digi al echnology. These beha io s and social
ac ions include (1) ha ing many social media accoun s. (2) appea on social media.
(3) become pa o he sociali e. (4) equen ly pos daily ac i i ies on social media.
(5) pos a ac i e appea ances on social media. (6) shop ia online s o es.
Ha i uddin, Ha i uddin e al.,
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ISSN: 1989-8487
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In ma ginalized communi ies, h ough sma phones hey enjoyed he
en e ainmen p o ided by hese de ices, build social ela ions, business ela ions,
ansac ions and so on h ough hese digi al echnologies. Al hough each indi idual
has a di e se endency in using digi al echnology de ices, he e is a gene al end
ha hey do based on he communi y g oup, o example digi al echnology in he
eache g oup ce ainly uses i s echnological de ices p edominan ly in he aspec o
educa ion and lea ning. Simila ly, his ma ginalized g oup also uses i in he in e es s
o hei wo k. In he cons uc ion labo g oup, hey use sma phones o ind
in o ma ion on he cons uc ion o oo s ha equi e labo e s. The sca enge g oup
will look o in o ma ion on whe e o sell goods o collec o s o used goods who buy
a high p ices. Begga s will seek in o ma ion on he p o ision o go e nmen
assis ance and subsidies o he poo , and so on. In gene al, he endency o
ma ginalized communi ies in he esea ch loca ions is desc ibed in Figu e 2 below.
Figu e 2. Digi al echnology a ec ed beha io .
Ha e many social media accoun s. Ha ing social media is an impo an pa
o digi al echnology because i is h ough social media ha digi al echnology
unc ions. This was also he case o esponden s in his s udy whe e 15 esponden s
o (30%) om he begga g oup s a ed ha hey had a social media accoun , 12
esponden s (24%) om he sca enge g oup had an accoun , and 8 esponden s
(16%) om he cons uc ion wo ke g oup had an accoun . A pe son who does no
ha e a social media accoun is conside ed unsociable and does no keep up wi h he
changing imes.
30 30
8
28 26
12
24 24
6
26
22
18
16
10
0046
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Ha e many
social media
accoun s
Appea on
Social media
Become pa
o sociali e
F equen ly
pos daily
ac i i ies on
social media
Pos
a ac i e
appea ences
on social
media
Shop ia
online s o es
Begga s's g oup Sca enge 's g oup Labou 's g oup
Digi al Technology E ec s on Li es yles in Ma ginalized Communi ies ……………..
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