© PASOS. Re is a de Tu ismo y Pa imonio Cul u al. ISSN 1695-7121
Vol. 13 N.o 4. Special Issue Págs. 741-755. 2015
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Assessing isi o sa is ac ion wi h a pionee ing ag i ou ism
p ojec : ege able ou ism in he Pa c Ag a i del Baix
Llob ega (Ba celona)
Vale ià Paül Ca il*
Uni e sidade de San iago de Compos ela (España)
Noelia A aújo Vila** Pablo de Ca los Villama ín***
Uni e sidade de Vigo (España)
Vale ià Paül Ca il, Noelia A aújo Vila, Pablo de Ca los Villama ín
Abs ac : Among he majo changes ha ha e occu ed in he ou is sec o in ecen yea s, o pa icula
no e has been he cons an eme gence o new p oduc s ha seek o sa is y he needs o ou is s demanding
new kinds o consume expe iences. A good example o his is ag i ou ism, in which he ou is pa icipa es
in he ypical ac i i ies o a wo king a m. This s udy ocuses on a ecen a ian o his ype o ou ism,
known as ege able ou ism (o hole i u ismo in Spanish). Speci ically, an assessmen is unde aken o a
pionee ing p ojec in Spain on an ag icul u al pa k: he Pa c Ag a i del Baix Llob ega (Ba celona). Based
on he in o ma ion ob ained om a su ey conduc ed in he Pa k i sel , he deg ee o isi o sa is ac ion wi h
he a ious ac i i ies hey expe ience is analysed. Using non-pa ame ic s a is ical me hods, he s udy seeks
o de e mine whe he he isi o s’ socio-demog aphic p o ile and hei knowledge o he concep o ege able
ou ism ha e a signi ican impac on hei assessmen s.
Keywo ds: ag i ou ism, ege able ou ism, Pa c Ag a i del Baix Llob ega , non-pa ame ic s a is ical
me hods, sa is ac ion.
La e aluación de la sa is acción del isi an e con un p oyec o ag o u ís ico pione o: el u ismo de
e du as en el Pa c Ag a i del Baix Llob ega (Ba celona)
Resumen: En e los p incipales cambios que se han p oducido en el sec o u ís ico en los úl imos años, de
mención especial ha sido la apa ición cons an e de nue os p oduc os que buscan sa is ace las necesidades
de los u is as más exigen es. Un buen ejemplo de ello es el ag o u ismo, en el que el u is a pa icipa en
las ac i idades ípicas de una explo ación ag a ia. Es e es udio se cen a en una a ian e ecien e de es e
ipo de u ismo, conocida como hole i u ismo. En conc e o, el análisis se lle a a cabo en un p oyec o pione o
en España en un pa que ag a io: el Pa c Ag a i del Baix Llob ega (Ba celona). Con base a la in o mación
ob enida de una encues a ealizada en el p opio Pa qu , se analiza el g ado de sa is acción de los isi an es
con las di e sas ac i idades que expe imen an. A a és del uso de mé odos es adís icos no pa amé icos,
el es udio busca de e mina si el pe il sociodemog á ico de los isi an es, y su conocimien o del concep o de
u ismo de e du as ienen un impac o signi ica i o en sus alo aciones.
Palab as Cla e: ag o u ismo, hole i u ismo, Pa c Ag a i del Baix Llob ega , mé odos es adís icos no pa a-
mé icos, sa is acción.
* Uni e sidad de San iago de Compos ela (España); E -mail: [email p o ec ed]
**
Doc o a en Di ección y Plani icación del Tu ismo. In es igado a y p o eso a in i ada del Dp o. de O ganización de Emp esas
y Ma ke ing (Uni e sidad de Vigo); E -mail: [email p o ec ed]
** Uni e sidad de Vigo (España); E -mail: [email p o ec ed]
h ps://doi.o g/10.25145/j.pasos.2015.13.052
PASOS. Re is a de Tu ismo y Pa imonio Cul u al. 13 N° 4. Special Issue. Julio 2015 ISSN 1695-7121
742 Assessing isi o sa is ac ion wi h a pionee ing ag i ou ism p ojec : ege able ou ism
1. In oduc ion
Pe i -u ban ag icul u al spaces ha e g adually been con e ed in o places o he p ac ice o a ange o
leisu e, ec ea ional and ou is ac i i ies. Thus, he a me s’ adi ional asks a e oday being unde aken
alongside o he ac i i ies such as hiking and unning (B yan e al., 1982; B yan and Johns on, 1992).
The di ec esul o hese changes has been he eme gence in hese spaces o he ac i i ies o ag i ou ism,
which ha e e ol ed conside ably so ha oday hey encompass he ull pa icipa ion o ou is s in he
asks o a wo king a m, including he as ing o he p oduc s ha a e ha es ed and p oduced on i .
This combina ion o leisu e ac i i ies and ag icul u e does no equi e any pa icula in es men , since
i is based on an exis ing in as uc u e: ha o ag icul u e and he land. Fu he mo e, ag i ou ism
con ibu es o he conse a ion o an a ea’s a ming, inasmuch as i “consumes” he p oduc s o a ming
as well as i s places o p oduc ion (Paül and A aújo, 2012; Michelin e al., 2007).
Clea ly, a key elemen he e is he managemen o he public use o hese pe i -u ban pa ks (A nbe ge
and B andenbu g, 2007). The leisu e and ec ea ional ac i i ies ha we e i s o eme ge a he u ban
edge we e p ima ily walking, cycling and unning. Howe e , in mo e ecen imes, he e has been a
g owing awa eness o he need o p omo e mo e o iginal ini ia i es o de elop ou ism and he public
use o pe i -u ban ag icul u al pa ks, so ha ou is s migh become mo e amilia wi h he ag icul u al
na u e o hese spaces. I is his need ha he ag i ou ism sec o has esponded o, al hough in gene al
he sec o has been associa ed wi h quin essen ially u al a eas and no pe i -u ban a eas (Paül and
A aújo, 2012). In he Medi e anean egion, pe i -u ban ag icul u e co esponds la gely o i s ma ke
ga dens and o cha ds (Meeus, 1995), which means ha ag i ou ism should be based a ound ho icul u al
c ops, i.e. ui and ege ables. F om he e we de i e he Spanish e m used in he Medi e anean o
hole i u ismo, om he La in HOLUS meaning ege able + ou ism, ha is, ege able ou ism, and
which basically in ol es he explo a ion o he egion’s ma ke ga dens and o cha ds. Acco ding o
unpublished documen s o he Pa c Ag a i del Baix Llob ega (Baix Llob ega Ag icul u al Pa k) – in
which his a ie y o ou ism has been a pionee p ojec – his a ian o ag i ou ism can be de ined as
he ou ism ha akes as i s poin o e e ence and main elemen o in e es ma ke ga den ege ables
and, by ex ension, ui and all hei associa ed quali ies o la ou , colou and ex u e, e c., as well as
he adi ional p ac ices employed by he a me s in hei cul i a ion. In sho , he aim is o dissemina e
a be e unde s anding o he egion’s ma ke ga dens.
The la ge body o li e a u e ha has conce ned i sel wi h ag i ou ism (Hoyland, 1982; F a e , 1983;
Mu phy, 1985; Pea ce, 1990; Bowen e al., 1991; Hilchey, 1993; Viñals, 1999; Mesa, 2000; P zezbó ska,
2003; He nando e al., 2003; Phillip e al., 2010) has ended o ocus i s a en ion on wha he sec o
can o e . Mo eo e , he ew s udies examining demand in he sec o ha e ended o examine ou ism
in u al a eas and no speci ically ag i ou ism (Kas enhold e al., 1999; F ocho , 2005; Mole a and
Albaladejo, 2007; Pa k and Yoon, 2009; Oh and Schue , 2010). D awing on su ey in o ma ion, his
li e a u e iden i ies di e en segmen s o ou is s in ela ion o he bene i s sough and de e mines
hei p o iles as a unc ion o hei socio -demog aphic cha ac e is ics o pa e ns o beha iou while
on holiday. Howe e , om a e iew o his li e a u e i quickly becomes appa en ha li le is known
abou he p o ile o he consume s o ag i ou ism o hei opinions abou his ype o ou ism, essen ial
in o ma ion o p o ide he necessa y eedback o hose ha p omo e his sec o . This pape seeks o
ill his gap.
Based on he undamen al p inciple o ma ke ing acco ding o which all p oduc s ha e o sa is y he
needs, desi es and wan s o he consume , he concep o ma ke segmen a ion eme ges. This means
“ iewing a he e ogeneous ma ke as a numbe o smalle homogeneous ma ke s, in esponse o di e ing
p e e ences, a ibu able o he desi es o cus ome s o mo e p ecise sa is ac ions o hei a ying
wan s’’ (Smi h, 1956, p.6). This s a egic choice has enabled i ms in many sec o s o success ully ackle
cons an changes in consume beha iou .
A undamen al conce n when unde aking such segmen a ion is he de ini ion o he a iables on
which i will be based. F ank e al. (1972) p oposed a classi ica ion o hese a iables ha emains an
essen ial e e ence in he ield, as is e idenced by a numbe o ecen s udies including Li e al. (2011)
and Radde and Han (2011). This classi ica ion iden i ies wo le els, ha o gene ali y (gene al and
b and speci ic) and ha o objec i i y (obse able and unobse able), as shown in Table 1.
PASOS. Re is a de Tu ismo y Pa imonio Cul u al. 13 N° 4. Special Issue. Julio 2015 ISSN 1695-7121
Vale ià Paül Ca il, Noelia A aújo Vila, Pablo de Ca los Villama ín 743
Table 1: Model o a iables ha in luence ma ke segmen a ion
Gene al Speci ic
Obse able
− Demog aphic: gende , age,
ma i al s a us...
− Socio -economic: income,
occupa ion, educa ion…
− Geog aphic: na ionali y, egión,
habi a …
− Usage equency and si ua ion
− B and and s o e loyal y
− S a e o adop ion
− Type and place o pu chase
Unobse able − Pe sonali y ai s
− Pe sonal alues
− Li es yle
− Pe cep ions
− Expec a ions
− P e e ences
− A i udes
Sou ce: own elabo a ion based on F ank e al. (1972)
Acco ding o he li e a u e, segmen a ion analysis begins by examining he a iables (objec i e and
gene al) included in he no hwes quad an , o mo e speci ically hose ha de ine he socio -demog aphic
p o ile o he consume . Indeed, a cen al conce n o his pape , which seeks o ill gap in he li e a-
u e on ag i ou ism, is he delimi a ion o he socio -demog aphic p o ile o he ou is o isi o who
pa icipa es in he ac i i ies associa ed wi h his ype o ou ism. The analysis also akes in o accoun
o he segmen a ion a iables (speci ic and subjec i e) ha lie in he sou heas quad an o he p oposed
model, ha is, he deg ee o knowledge ha ou is s ha e o he ag i ou ism p oduc being examined.
Unsu p isingly, he e is conside able consensus o he e ec ha consume amilia i y wi h a pa icula
p oduc ca ego y in luences he assessmen s consume s make o no el e sions o ha p oduc (Alba
and Hu chinson, 1987; Zhou and Nakamo o, 2007). In sho , by analysing whe he di e en consume
g oups make signi ican ly di e en assessmen s, aluable in o ma ion can be ob ained ha p omo e s
can use o imp o e he design and subsequen accep ance o a p oduc .
This pape examines he ege able ou ism ini ia i e unde aken by he Pa c Ag a i del Baix
Llob ega (Ba celona, Spain). Planned in 2008, i was launched as a pilo p ojec in 2009, o de e mine
he deg ee o accep ance by ou is s and isi o s as well as by he a me s o he a ea. Exploi ing he
pa k’s ypical esou ces, and in an a emp o link ou ism o hem, a ange o ac i i ies a e o e ed
ha make up an in eg a ed ou ism p oduc :
•
Visi s o a ms specializing in one pa icula c op, in o de o lea n mo e abou he speci ic ege able
and he landscape in which i is g own and o hea he explana ions o he a me .
•Exhibi ions dedica ed o he speci ic ege able in a specially designed in e p e a ion cen e.
•P oduc as ing/p oduc ion wo kshops.
•
Visi s o es au an s in he a ea whe e dishes can be as ed using he ege ables g own in he pa k.
•This is he i s ag i ou ism expe ience designed by a pe i -u ban ag icul u al pa k in Spain, as
well as being he only one o be exclusi ely known as a ege able ou ism p ojec . The pionee ing
na u e o he p esen case gi es added in e es o his esea ch.
The emainde o he pape is o ganised as ollows. In he nex sec ion he me hodology employed is
ou lined, including de ails ega ding he de e mina ion o he sample o be analysed. The esul s a e
hen epo ed and discussed in he inal concluding sec ion.
2. Analy ical me hodology and sample
Based on he indings o a su ey conduc ed in he Pa c Ag a i del Baix Llob ega , his sec ion analyses
isi o assessmen s o he ou e and i s ac i i ies, and also conside s he le el o unde s anding ha
he in e iewees p o essed o ha e o ege able ou ism and he way in which hey ac ually de ined he
ac i i y. Simila ly, using non -pa ame ic es s, he s udy seeks o de e mine whe he hese assessmen s,
including isi o esponses ega ding how much hey know abou ege able ou ism and how hey
de ine i , di e signi ican ly depending on he cha ac e is ics o he esponden s’ p o iles. The aim is
o p o ide in o ma ion ha can imp o e he design o ege able ou ism ou es, aking in o accoun
he p e e ences and wishes o he a ge audience, and o highligh he ex en o which i is impo an
o explain o he isi o s he ac i i y hey a e aking pa in.
PASOS. Re is a de Tu ismo y Pa imonio Cul u al. 13 N° 4. Special Issue. Julio 2015 ISSN 1695-7121
744 Assessing isi o sa is ac ion wi h a pionee ing ag i ou ism p ojec : ege able ou ism
To eco d he esponden s’ le el o sa is ac ion wi h he ou e and i s ac i i ies, we used a Like scale,
as is usual in s udies assessing he sa is ac ion o consume s o use s o a p oduc o se ice (Oli e , 1981;
Dubé -Rioux, 1990; Oli e , 1999; C onin e al., 2000; Vanhamme, 2000; B ady e al., 2001; Jun e al., 2001 and
Van Dolen e al., 2004). Speci ically, i is a i e -poin scale (1 = s ongly disag ee, 2 = disag ee, 3 = indi e en ,
4 = ag ee, 5 = s ongly ag ee), composed o ele en i ems ela ed o di e en aspec s o he ou e and i s
ac i i ies ha migh a ec he assessmen ha isi o s make o he p oduc being o e ed o hem (Table 2).
Table 2: I ems used in e alua ing isi o sa is ac ion wi h he ou e and i s ac i i ies
A The numbe o ac i i ies p og ammed is su icien .
B All he ac i i ies ha e been in e es ing.
C All he explana ions ha e been enjoyable.
D I enjoyed he guided walk h ough he ields.
E I enjoyed he guided isi o he exhibi ion.
F I enjoyed as ing he a ichokes.
G I enjoyed mee ing he a me .
H The ac i i ies las ed he igh amoun o ime.
I I enjoyed he pacing and hy hm o he ac i i ies.
J The numbe o pa icipan s is co ec .
K The a en ion p o ided by he s a is good.
The su ey includes wo addi ional ques ions ha seek o de e mine he ex en o which he in e iewees
a e amilia wi h he concep o ege able ou ism and how hey de ine i (Table 3). Fi s , he in e iewees
we e asked whe he hey knew wha his ype o ou ism was. They we e p esen ed wi h ou al e na i e
esponses, wi h which i was hoped o asce ain whe he hei aking pa in he ou e had in luenced
hei unde s anding o he idea unde pinning he ac i i y. Second, he esponden s we e allowed o choose
be ween possible de ini ions o ege able ou ism: one ha was co ec (“Tou ism aimed a disco e ing
ma ke ga dens and o cha ds”); ano he ha was basically accep able (“Visi s o a subu ban a ming
a ea in he ou ski s o a ci y”); and wo ha we e inco ec (“Ma ke ga dening in he ou ski s o a ci y”
and “Subu ban a ming”). In his way, i was hoped o disco e whe he he knowledge supposedly held
by he esponden abou he ac i i y co esponded o an accu a e unde s anding o i s ac ual meaning.
Table 3: Ques ions de e mining he le el o unde s anding ha he in e iewees
p o essed o ha e o ege able ou ism and he way in which hey ac ually de ined i .
DO YOU KNOW WHAT VEGETABLE TOURISM IS?
a) I’ e ne e hea d o i be o e.
b) I’d ne e hea d o i un il I s a ed he ou e, bu now I know wha i means because i has been
explained o me.
c) I ha e hea d o i , bu I s ill do no know wha i means.
d) I’ e been able o ind ou wha i means o mysel du ing o a e inishing he ou e.
HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE VEGETABLE TOURISM?
a) Visi s o a subu ban a ming a ea in he ou ski s o a ci y.
b) Ma ke ga dening in he ou ski s o a ci y.
c) Tou ism aimed a disco e ing ma ke ga dens and o cha ds.
d) Subu ban a ming.
PASOS. Re is a de Tu ismo y Pa imonio Cul u al. 13 N° 4. Special Issue. Julio 2015 ISSN 1695-7121
Vale ià Paül Ca il, Noelia A aújo Vila, Pablo de Ca los Villama ín 745
The su ey was adminis e ed in he mon hs o Feb ua y and Ma ch 2011 by pe sonal in e iews
conduc ed wi h he isi o s as hey inished he speci ic ege able ou ism ac i i y. In hese mon hs, he
main p oduc being shown on he ou e was he a ichoke (known in Ca alan as Ca xo aP a ), which
explains why some o he ques ions on he su ey speci ically men ion his ege able. The o al numbe
o in e iews conduc ed was 655, o which 313 we e alid (47.8% esponse a e) (Table 4).
Table 4: Technical de ails de ining he esea ch
Cha ac e is ics Su ey
Popula ion Visi o s o he Pa c Ag a i del Baix Llob ega
Geog aphical a ea Pa c Ag a i del Baix Llob ega
Sample size 313 alid su eys
Sample e o ± 5.5%
Con idence le el 95% Z = 1.96 p=q=0.5
Sample design Sys ema ic andom sampling
Da a collec ion me hod Pe sonal in e iew
Field wo k conduc ed be ween: 12/02/2011 -20/03/2011
Fi e a iables we e conside ed when de e mining he p o ile o he in e iewees: sex, age, le el o
educa ion, occupa ion and mon hly amily income (Figu e 1).
Figu e 1: Socio ‑demog aphic p o ile o he in e iewees (N = 313)
GENDER AGE
LEVEL OF EDUCATION OCCUPATION
PASOS. Re is a de Tu ismo y Pa imonio Cul u al. 13 N° 4. Special Issue. Julio 2015 ISSN 1695-7121
746 Assessing isi o sa is ac ion wi h a pionee ing ag i ou ism p ojec : ege able ou ism
MONTHLY FAMILY INCOME
Sou ce: own elabo a ion.
As can be seen, sligh ly mo e han wo hi ds o hose in e iewed a e women. In addi ion, hey
a e, on he whole, ma u e in age and well educa ed: only 21.4% o he esponden s a e unde 45 yea s
o age while 50.2% ha e a uni e si y deg ee. As o hei occupa ion, almos ou o e e y en wo k
as sala ied employees (a qua e o hese in he s a e sec o ), while a i h a e e i ed. Finally, 85.3%
li e in households wi h a mon hly income o be ween 601 and 3,600 eu os, dis ibu ed almos e enly
be ween hose wi h an income o be ween 601 and 1,800 eu os, on he one hand, and hose wi h an
income o be ween 1,801 and 3,500 eu os, on he o he . In sho , he a e age p o ile o he in e iewees
is ha o a woman aged be ween 55 and 64 yea s o age, wi h a uni e si y deg ee, wo king as a sala ied
employee and whose mon hly amily income is be ween 1,801 and 3,600 eu os, h ee o six imes he
minimum sala y in Spain.
Gi en ha he da a a e o dinal and do no ollow a no mal dis ibu ion,
1
he non -pa ame ic
K uskal -Wallis H - es and he Mann -Whi ney U - es (Sheskin, 2007) we e used o analyse whe he
he assessmen s o he ou e and i s ac i i ies a e signi ican ly di e en depending on he p o ile o
he in e iewees and hei esponses ega ding hei knowledge and de ini ion o ege able ou ism.
When mo e han wo samples a e compa ed, he H - es ails o iden i y whe e he di e ence occu s,
i.e., be ween which speci ic g oups he e is a sys ema ic di e ence. I is, he e o e, necessa y o use
he Mann -Whi ney U - es . Thus, in he case o he sex a iable, as he e a e only wo op ions (i.e., wo
un ela ed samples), he wo es s yield he same esul , and so he U - es is applied di ec ly. Fo he
es o he a iables, in which he numbe o op ions is g ea e han wo (i.e., mo e han wo un ela ed
samples), he H - es is applied i s and, in hose cases in which he es de ec s he p esence o a
signi ican ela ionship, he U - es is used o de e mine be ween which wo speci ic g oups i occu s.2
In sho , he hypo heses es ed a e:
•
Null Hypo hesis (H
0
): no di e ences occu be ween any o he samples in e ms o hei esponses
o he ques ions posed. In o he wo ds, no sys ema ically highe o lowe assessmen s a e eco ded
o any o he g oups (samples) wi h espec o he o he s.
•
Al e na i e Hypo hesis (H
A
): a di e ence is eco ded be ween a leas wo o he samples in e ms
o hei esponses o he ques ions posed. In o he wo ds, sys ema ically highe o lowe app aisals
a e eco ded in a leas one o he g oups (samples) wi h espec o he o he s.
3. Analysis and esul s
Below he esul s o he su ey a e analysed, beginning wi h hose ob ained in esponse o he
ques ions ega ding he isi o s’ knowledge and de ini ion o ege able ou ism. As can be seen in Figu e
2, he e is a clea majo i y (70.6%) o esponden s who belie e hey ha e unde s ood wha his ype o
ou ism means, abo e all hose ha a ibu e his unde s anding o he explana ions ecei ed while
aking pa on he ou e. By con as , 22.4% claim ne e o ha e hea d he concep be o e; whe eas,
only 7% ecognize ha hey s ill do no unde s and wha i means despi e ha ing hea d people use he
e m. When de ining his ype o ou ism, a clea majo i y (77.9%) o hose in e iewed op ed o he wo
accep ed de ini ions and in ac he majo i y o hose chose he co ec one. I is wo h s essing ha ,
PASOS. Re is a de Tu ismo y Pa imonio Cul u al. 13 N° 4. Special Issue. Julio 2015 ISSN 1695-7121
Vale ià Paül Ca il, Noelia A aújo Vila, Pablo de Ca los Villama ín 747
among hose claiming o know wha ege able ou ism is as a esul o he explana ions ecei ed on he
ou e, 81.03% chose he wo accep ed de ini ions. An almos iden ical igu e (80.77%) was eco ded by
hose who claimed o ha e ound ou he meaning o hemsel es du ing o a e he ou e. By con as ,
he pe cen age o co ec esponses ell en poin s among hose who claimed no o knowing he meaning
o ege able ou ism. The e o e, in mos cases he knowledge held by he esponden abou he ac i i y
co esponded o an accu a e unde s anding o i s meaning.
Figu e 2: Knowledge and de ini ion o ege able ou ism among he in e iewees
DO YOU KNOW WHAT VEGETABLE
TOURISM IS? HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE VEGETABLE
TOURISM?
No e: Ne e hea d be o e: I’ e ne e hea d o i be o e; Now I know: I’d ne e hea d o i un il I s a ed he
ou e, bu now I know wha i means because i has been explained o me; S ill don’ know: I ha e hea d
o i , bu I s ill do no know wha i means; Find ou o mysel : I’ e been able o ind ou wha i means
o mysel du ing o a e inishing he ou e. Visi : Visi s o a subu ban a ming a ea in he ou ski s o a
ci y; Ma ke ga dening: Ma ke ga dening in he ou ski s o a ci y; Tou ism: Tou ism aimed a disco e ing
ma ke ga dens and o cha ds.
Sou ce: own elabo a ion.
Gi en ha ou main in e es in his sec ion is he i ems ha cap u e he le el o use sa is ac ion
wi h he ou e and i s ac i i ies, we need o analyse he eliabili y o he scale. The alue o C onbach’s
Alpha coe icien (0.914) indica es ha he scale has a high le el o in e nal consis ency. Mo eo e , he
in e -i em co ela ion ma ix shows ha he co ela ions be ween he di e en elemen s on he scale
a e all posi i e (no i ems a e coded wi h an opposi e sign o he o he s) and hey can be conside ed
accep able, wi h a p edominance o alues be ween 0.4 and 0.58, al hough i em F (“I enjoyed as ing he
a ichokes”) p esen s wo co ela ions wi h alues below 0.3. Howe e , his i em p esen s a co ela ion
wi h he scale o med by he emaining i ems (co ec ed index o homogenei y) g ea e han 0.40
(speci ically, 0.464), which allows us o conside i consis en wi h he es o he scale. Fu he mo e,
we e i o be elimina ed, he alue o he Alpha coe icien ises o jus 0.915. The e o e, he analysis
con i ms he alidi y and eliabili y o he su ey used o measu e he deg ee o sa is ac ion o he
in e iewees wi h he ege able ou ism ac i i y unde aken.
In gene al, he opinions exp essed by hose in e iewed ega ding he ou e and i s ac i i ies a e
e y posi i e (Table 5). The mean alues o he assessmen s a e o e 4 in all ins ances, luc ua ing
be ween 4.17 o i em H (“The ac i i ies las ed he igh amoun o ime”) and 4.78 o i em K (“The
a en ion p o ided by he s a is good”). In addi ion o i em K, ou mo e i ems ecei ed an app aisal
abo e he a e age o all he i ems (4.44): F (“I enjoyed as ing he a ichokes”), G (“I enjoyed mee ing
he a me ”), B (“All he ac i i ies ha e been in e es ing”) and D (“I enjoyed he guided walk h ough
he ields”). The median, mode (in bo h cases he maximum alue was p edominan ), he maximum
and he minimum indica e he same esul . In sho , he ou e and i s ac i i ies appea o ha e made
a e y a ou able imp ession on he pa icipan s o he ege able ou ism expe ience.
PASOS. Re is a de Tu ismo y Pa imonio Cul u al. 13 N° 4. Special Issue. Julio 2015 ISSN 1695-7121
748 Assessing isi o sa is ac ion wi h a pionee ing ag i ou ism p ojec : ege able ou ism
Table 5: Main desc ip o s o he assessmen s ob ained o he ele en i ems on he su ey
ITEM A B C D E F G H I J K
Nº answe s 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313
A e age 4,32 4,48 4,40 4,46 4,26 4,68 4,63 4,17 4,29 4,38 4,78
Median 45554554455
Mode 45555555555
Minimun 12111121122
Maximun 55555555555
No e: You can see he meaning o each i em in Table 2.
Sou ce: own elabo a ion.
Ha ing p esen ed he main indings om he esponses o he su ey, we nex analyse whe he he
app aisals o he ou e and i s ac i i ies di e signi ican ly acco ding o he sex, age, le el o educa ion,
occupa ion and he amily income o he in e iewees, as well as acco ding o he decla ed knowledge
and eal knowledge o he meaning o ege able ou ism. Below, he mos impo an esul s a e shown
o hose cases in which s a is ically signi ican di e ences we e obse ed be ween wo g oups when
applying he Mann -Whi ney U - es (Table 6).
Table 6: S a is ics co esponding o signi ican cases ob ained
when applying he Mann ‑Whi ney U ‑ es
ITEM GROUPS N ρMIDRANGE ITEM GROUPS N ρMIDRANGE
B
Man 103
0,0196
(0,05)
142,03
E
Sel -
-employed 23
0,0012
(0,003)
13,26
Woman 210 164,34
Employed
in he
home
8 23,88
DMan 103 0,0444
(0,05)
143,99
E
Sel -
-employed 23 0,0018
(0,003)
29,98
Woman 210 163,38 Re i ed 60 46,61
EMan 103 0,0178
(0,05)
141,13
F0 -600 12 0,0014
(0,008)
43,42
Woman 210 164,79 601 -1800 126 71,98
FMan 103 0,0238
(0,05)
144,56
C601 -1800 126 0,0023
(0,008)
85,60
Woman 210 163,10 >3600 34 61,62
GMan 103 0,0091
(0,05)
141,93
I601 -1800 126 0,0011
(0,008)
86,12
Woman 210 164,39 >3600 34 59,69
JMan 103 0,0024
(0,05)
137,09
J601 -1800 126 0,0031
(0,008)
85,58
Woman 210 166,76 >3600 34 61,68
D
P ima y 31 0,0026
(0,003)
27,66
B
Now I
Know 195 0,0046
(0,008)
112,55
PhD 16 16,91 S ill don’
Know 22 77,55
PASOS. Re is a de Tu ismo y Pa imonio Cul u al. 13 N° 4. Special Issue. Julio 2015 ISSN 1695-7121
Vale ià Paül Ca il, Noelia A aújo Vila, Pablo de Ca los Villama ín 749
ITEM GROUPS N ρMIDRANGE ITEM GROUPS N ρMIDRANGE
I
Sala ied 121
0,0029
(0,003)
62,69
A
Visi 112
0,0026
(0,008)
73,25
Employed
in he
home
8 100,00 Subu ban
a ming 25 49,96
E
S a e
wo ke s 77 0,0019
(0,003)
55,01
Sel -
-employed 23 35,39
No e: You can see he meaning o Now I know, S ill don’ know,
Visi and Subu ban a ming in Figu e 2. In u n, ρ is he p ‑ alue o
he con as (in pa en hesis, he le el o isk (a) aken a e applica‑
ion o Bon e oni co ec ion).
Sou ce: own elabo a ion.
A good way o illus a e he abo e esul s is using he co esponding box plo s (Figu e 3).
Figu e 3: Box plo s o he signi ican cases when applying he Mann ‑Whi ney U ‑ es
ITEM B ITEM D ITEM E
ITEM F ITEM G ITEM J
