Abs ac — Building Mecha onics Resea ch Cen e in he
Uni e si y o Deb ecen, as in elligen building p o ides esea ch
in as uc u e o building mecha onics simula ions. The ene gy
consump ion habi s o educa ion and li ing ac i i y a e in es iga ed.
Ou majo esea ch opics a e ene gy e iciency, op imiza ion, he
de elopmen o ene gy measu emen echnologies and in elligen
building au oma ion.
This a icle p esen s he his o y o he Resea ch Cen e and he
building au oma ion echnology wi h he embedded de ice om
Na ional Ins umen s: sbRio econ igu able FPGA pla o m, capable
o massi e pa allel wo king and adjus able o he building se ices
challenges. The eal- ime de elopmen en i onmen o de elop, es
and e alua e di e en building au oma ion scena ios including
building s uc u e, HVAC sys ems, con ol algo i hms and
inhabi an s gene a ed demands could be u ilized by SMEs, p o iding
building se ices as he enhancemen o he compe i i eness o he
building se ices. The simula ion en i onmen could be mo e p ecise
and capable o planning a enewable ene gy sys em mo e p ope o
mee cos ume ’s ideas and equi emen s.
Keywo ds— ene gy e iciency, ene gy in buildings, enewable
ene gy sou ces, sus ainable ene gy managemen
I. INTRODUCTION
OWADAYS, g owing demand is obse ed in he
applica ion o enewable ene gy o he op imised use o
he con en ional o ms o ene gy. Building mecha onics can
op imize he cu en sys ems; p o ide a highe le el o
secu i y and su eillance o he building on-demand o he
consume s.
In he Uni e si y o Deb ecen, Facul y o Enginee ing,
Elec ical Enginee ing and Mecha onics Depa men a unique
o m o educa ion came o exis ence. Building Mecha onics
is educa ed in Hunga y only he e. The Depa men has a
Bachelo o Science P og am and since 2013 a join Mas e o
Science P og am in Ad anced Mecha onics Sys ems in
English wi h he Depa men o Mecha onics and Robo ics,
Uni e si y o O adea (Romania) and a Mas e o Science
P og am in Ad anced Building Mecha onics in Hunga ian.
The labo a o ies p o ide esea ch in as uc u e and
knowledge base o he esea che s and PhD s uden s. The
esul s o he esea ch p ojec a e mul iplied in he building
ene gy domain by no s udying he building ma e ials,
cons uc ion and cons uc ion me hods. The buildings a e
examined wi h mecha onic de ices based on a i icial
in elligence. The powe consump ion can be egula ed and
con olled based on e icacy. Building mecha onics’ new and
inno a i e knowledge will be gene a ed wi h he de elopmen
o he esea ch pla o m in he ields o a i icial in elligence.
The a icle in oduces he Building Mecha onics Resea ch
Cen e, p esen s he ecen esea ches wi h he hea pump
sys ems and wi h he de ices o he Na ional Ins umen s (NI)
L d. wi h he inno a ions o he Ene go es L d.
The pape consis s o he ollowing: Sec ion II is abou he
Building Mecha onics Resea ch Cen e and building
mecha onics. Sec ion III p esen s he ea u es o ene gy
consump ion awa eness. Sec ion IV desc ibes he NI L d’s
de ice, he NI sbRio 9606 and i s g aphical use in e ace, he
NI LabVIEW p og am. Sec ion V sho ly in oduces he
Building Mecha onics Simula ion Sys em. Sec ion VI
includes he summa y. Sec ion VII p o ides gi ing hanks.
II. INTRODUCTION OF THE BUILDING MECHATRONICS
RESEARCH CENTRE
Mecha onics is ela i ely a new b anch o science and
enginee ing, consis s o he 21s cen u y’s mos p omising
enginee ing disciplines. I is de ined as he combina ion o
mechanical enginee ing, elec onic enginee ing, compu e
enginee ing, so wa e enginee ing, con ol enginee ing, and
sys ems design enginee ing in o de o design and
manu ac u e p oduc s [5].
Building Mecha onics is he in eg a ion o he ollowings:
BUILDING AUTOMATION SIMULATION
AND RESEARCH TOOLSET FOR
BUILDING MECHATRONICS
Geza HUSI1, Pe e Tamas SZEMES2, Esz e DAVID3, Timo ei Is an ERDEI4, Gabo SZABO5
1Associa e P o esso , Head o Depa men , [email protected]
2College Associa e P o esso , szemespe e[email p o ec ed]
3Building Se ices and Mecha onic Enginee S uden , esz e da [email protected]
4Mecha onic Enginee S uden , [email p o ec ed]
5Mechanical Enginee S uden , [email p o ec ed]
N
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1) Building au oma ion and building su eillance
2) Building secu i y and objec secu i y
3) Building in o ma ics, communica ion ne s and he
main enance o in o ma ics solu ions ha can help building
ope a ion.
The Building Mecha onics Resea ch Cen e p o ides eal-
ime in es iga ion and measu emen o he ene gy
consump ion beha iou s o an educa ion building and ooms
o ec ea ion. The pu pose o he Resea ch Cen e is o c ea e
ex ao dina y and special measu emen op ions o ind
e ec i e me hods o he anomalies o he consume s’
beha iou and enume a ion. Fu he mo e, ind new ways o
a oid he losses.
In he in elligen building wo hea pump sys ems a e
capable o he hea ing and cooling o he 1066m2 o al a ea.
Bo h o hem a e ee o ms o ene gy and p o ide hea ing -
cooling and he Domes ic Ho Wa e (DHW) needed by he
ec ea ion ooms o isi ing esea che s. Genkinge [1]
sc u inized he economic and en i onmen al impac o ai - o-
wa e hea pump combina ions o o he hea ing sys ems
especially o DHW p epa a ion.
B. Hea Pump Sys em wi h Ai Duc
The pa ame e s o he comp esso o he hea pump can be
measu ed as well as he inco po a ed 1000-li e-la ge hea
sink. The moni o ing is also possible ia he in o ma ion
echnological ne wo k o he building wi h emo e con ac .
The elec ic capaci y o he hea pump is 1200W. The
con olled mel o he sys em as well as he obse a ion o he
sa e y ca ch (high p essu e, low p essu e, liquid ci cula ion,
ex eme alues o empe a u e, di ec ion o o a ion, phase
ailu e, ca e empe a u e) a e assu ed (shown on Figu e 1.)
The sys em can be ope a ed in island mode o ope a ion
and wi h independen elec ic con ol, h ough he Human
Machine In e ace (HMI) which can be locally measu ed. The
ope a ion pa ame e s and measu ed alues can be eached and
changed h ough E he ne ne wo k. Wi hin a ional limi s, he
appa a us enables he change o he pa ame e s o he
comp esso , gas ci cle, e apo a ion and condense ci cle.
The e o e, he ope a ion o he gas pump sys em can also be
in luenced. The con ol delimi s he possibili y o measu ing
by means o ex eme alues o unc ional condi ions so he
appa a us is sc eened om acciden al alse se ing o
ope a ional pa ame e s. The sys em can be connec ed o
ou side s o es in he case o one-ci cle and mul i-ci cula
mode o ope a ion and he p oduced hea ene gy can also be
eco e ed. The de ice can be ope a ed in he loca ion o
ins alla ion in di e en con igu a ions (se ial o pa allel
connec ion o s o es, esp. hei andem o cascade mode o
ope a ion, inco po a ion in o he HMI and/o hea ing ci cle o
he building). The appa a us is also p o ided wi h a
supplemen a y hea ing and an i- eezing unc ion and i s
ope a ional pa ame e s can also be easily measu ed in he case
o ex eme me eo ological ci cums ances. The Depa men o
Ene gy (DOE) in he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica published a
pape in Clea inghouse abou ai -sou ce hea pumps [2]. I
desc ibes he imp o emen o pe o mance, he ope a ion and
main enance.
The hea pump can be easily ese , ins alled o ano he
loca ion and a e he connec ion can be immedia ely swi ched
on, pu o use and has inco po a ed supplemen a y hea ing,
egula o and ci cula ing pump as accesso ies.
Fig. 1. Hea Pump Sys em wi h Ai Duc
Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s
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Vacuum Tube Sola Collec o (1000W)
The acuum- ube sola collec o is moun ed on o a s and
and can be easily mo ed as well as easily and quickly
connec ed o wa e -sys em. The ou low o he hea
ansmi ing medium is assu ed by means o sel -closing
quick-connec o s. The connec ion can be ealized wi h
lexible ubes in any posi ion. The shape also assu es he sa e
s o age ou o use (shown on Figu e 2.).
The cha ac e is ics o he sys em a e as ollows:
• Vacuum- ube sola collec o PERSC 1800/12V+;
• Di ec - low and hea -pipe embodimen ;
• Shaped measu ing poin s ( empe a u e, mass cu en ,) bo h
on inpu and ou pu side;
• Measu emen o all-in ligh capaci y;
• Measu emen o he empe a u e o he abso p ion su ace;
• Shaped wi h a mobile s and and lexible ubes;
• Semi-au oma ic de-ae a ion a e connec ion;
• E icien elec ic capaci y is 850W/m2;
• E icien su ace is 1,26m2.
I can be measu ed in mass cu en , inpu and ou pu
empe a u e, su ace empe a u e and all-in ligh capaci y.
The p oduced ho wa e is led o he bu e sink and hen o
he DHW sys em o he building.
C. Fla Sola Collec o s
The cha ac e is ics o la sola collec o s a e as ollows:
• 1 pc 1.9-2.2kW/2.4-3.0m2
• 1pc hin- able la sola collec o 1.8kW
The hea pump sys em wi h sola collec o s is con olled
by an NI sbRio 9606 FPGA ca d (shown on Figu e 2.).
Fig. 2. Hea Pump Sys em wi h Sola Collec o s
Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s
D. Wind u bine (600W)
The wind u bine is used o gene a e elec ici y om he
kine ic powe o wind. Th ee da ieus blades p oduce 600W
elec ic capaci y. The wind u bine se es as a s andby powe
supply o elec ici y aul s. Ad anced compu e cooling
sys em enhances pe o mance. The s a ing eloci y o wind is
1m/s, he nominal eloci y is 12m/s and he maximum is
65m/s. The di ec -d i e pe manen -magne synch onous
gene a o is a h ee-phased AC engine. The ou pu ol age o
he con olle is 12V and he in ensi y is ≤60A. The au oma ic
b ake sys em p o ides sa e ope a ion as well as manual
shu down. The wo king empe a u e anges -30…+50°C.
III. FEATURES OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AWARENESS
We would like o ob ain highe ene gy consump ion
awa eness h ough he examina ion o he consume s’
beha iou s. The educ ion o he ene gy use can be eached by
he means o ene gy con ol and an in elligen building
managemen . The aim is o cap u e da a which can be used o
imp o ed ene gy analy ics and pe o mance, acili ies
managemen and educed ope a ing cos s [3].
We wo k on he nex h ee le els:
 Ce i ica ion: we u ilize ex e io e e ences o design o
use nominal da a o c ea e „medium” ene gy e iciency su ey
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wi h he app op ia e p esc ip o he inland au ho i ies o he
Eu opean Union.
 Ope a ion: we achie e highe ene gy consump ion
awa eness h ough he examina ion o he consume s’
beha iou s. The educ ion o ene gy use can be eached by he
means o ene gy con ol and an in elligen building
managemen .
 In es men : we can inc ease he ene gy e iciency wi h
econs uc ion, in o he wo ds we examine he e u n o he
in es men in ol e he ull li e cycle cos and examina ion o
he consume s’ beha iou s.
New measu emen p ocedu es should be e ol ed o de ine,
measu e and compa e he consump ions habi s and make a
comple e de ini ion o consume s’ beha iou s. In ou esea ch
we c ea e he e e ence o he building on he basis o [6] and
[7]. The building ene gy ce i ica e in Hunga y (7/2006 TNM
[8] as calcula ion me hod) is conce ned o only esiden ial,
educa ional ins i u ions and business cen e. Bu wha is he
si ua ion wi h he o he indus ial, local go e nmen and
se ice buildings? How can we make a co ec e e en ial
alue, wha is used o compa e?
We obse e he consume s’ beha iou in eal ime
en i onmen o make alues. The o dina y and enewable
ene gy sys ems in he building a e measu ed and models a e
c ea ed abou hem and he measu ed alues.
In building mecha onics, measu emen and da a collec ion
is o high impo ance. The eliabili y and epea abili y o
measu emen s is signi ican because o he complex ene gy
and subs a um s eams as well as he non- epea able ambien
a iables. Building mecha onics se ices equi es high
eliabili y and p ecision de ices such as senso s, da a
collec o s, da a p ocesso s and s o es.
IV. NI SBRIO 9606 CARD
The Na ional Ins umen s’ so wa e and ha dwa e means
a e keys ones o echnically sus ainable de elopmen and
in as uc u e. The uni s d i en by enewable ene gy a e
con olled by an NI compac con olle . We chose he NI
sbRio echnology which is an FPGA-based echnology. The e
can be buil econ igu able, pa allel wo king eal- ime
embedded con olle s (shown on Figu e 3.).
Fig. 3. NI sbRio 9606 Ca d[4]
NI sbRio 9606 Ca d in eg a ed in o hea pump sys em:
 400MHz p ocesso , 512MB non- ola ile s o age, 256MB
DRAM o de e minis ic con ol and analysis
 Recon igu able Xilinx Spa an-6 LX45 FPGA o cus om
iming, inline p ocessing, and con ol
 96 3.3V DIO lines
 In eg a ed 10/100BASE-T E he ne , RS232 se ial, CAN,
and USB po s; 9 o 30VDC supply inpu
 -40 o 85°C local ambien ope a ing empe a u e ange
The NI sbRIO-9606 embedded con ol and acquisi ion
de ice in eg a es a eal- ime p ocesso , a use - econ igu able
FPGA, and I/O on a single p in ed ci cui boa d (PCB). I
ea u es a 400MHz indus ial p ocesso , a Xilinx Spa an-6
LX45 FPGA, and a RIO Mezzanine Ca d connec o , which is
a high-speed, high-bandwid h connec o p o iding di ec
access o he p ocesso and 96 3.3V digi al I/O FPGA lines.
This de ice ea u es a buil -in 10/100Mbi /s E he ne po
ha can be used o conduc p og amma ic communica ion
o e he ne wo k and hos buil -in web (HTTP) and ile (FTP)
se e s. The sbRIO-9606 also ea u es in eg a ed CAN,
RS232 se ial, and USB po s o con olling pe iphe al
de ices.
The p o essionals o Ene go es buil a ca ie o he ”mo he
ca d” (shown on Figu e 4.):
 32 digi al inpu s,
 16 Push-pull ou pu s, 16 elay ou pu s
 16 PWM (analogue) ou pu s and
 32 (16 di e en ial) analogue inpu s
Because o he d as ic dec ease o he in o ma ion
echnology solu ions and he inc ease o indi idual solu ions,
he FPGA p o ides a lexible and econ igu able sys em. I
can ex end he li e o elec onical de ices.
Fig. 4. NI sbRio 9606 Ca d on he ca ie panel
Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s
The NI LabVIEW p o ides o c ea e eal ime simula ion
sys ems in pa allel p ocessing. Wi h he app op ia e
ex ensions he LabVIEW (sho o Labo a o y Vi ual
Ins umen a ion Enginee ing Wo kbench) is a sys em design
pla o m and de elopmen en i onmen o a g aphical
p og amming language om Na ional Ins umen s.
The p og amming language used in LabVIEW, also
e e ed o as G, is a da a low p og amming language.
Execu ion is de e mined by he s uc u e o a g aphical block
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diag am ( he LV-sou ce code) on which he p og amme
connec s di e en unc ion-nodes by d awing wi es. These
wi es p opaga e a iables and any node can execu e as soon as
all i s inpu da a become a ailable. Since his migh be he
case o mul iple nodes simul aneously, G is inhe en ly
capable o pa allel execu ion. Mul i-p ocessing and mul i-
h eading ha dwa e is au oma ically exploi ed by he buil -in
schedule , which mul iplexes mul iple OS h eads o e he
nodes eady o execu ions.
The g aphical p og amming use in e ace and philosophy
p o ides u he didac ic chances. LabVIEW has plen y o
implemen a ions in indus y as i can be used o es many
impo an aspec s o mechanical signals and sys ems; s ess,
s ain, hea dissipa ion, momen s and luid dynamics a e jus a
ew examples. In o ma ion can be logged and igo ous
au oma ed DAQ (Da a acquisi ion) schemes can be
implemen ed en i ely om wi hin he LabVIEW en i onmen .
Ou depa men colleagues also de elop Objec o ien ed
p og ams (Building-Mecha onic) in LabVIEW en i onmen .
The ully modula cha ac e o LabVIEW code allows code
euse wi hou modi ica ions: as long as he da a ypes o inpu
and ou pu a e consis en , wo sub VIs a e in e changeable and
i can inc ease he p oduc i i y.
We chose NI LabView and sbRIO because o hei
eliabili y and easy- o- i ing-in. Fu he mo e, he so wa e
de elopmen is no di icul and he p ice/pe o mance a e is
p ominen . Ano he eason was o ind easy de ices which
ha e easy so wa e complexi y o ou s uden s o lea n
quickly. The Mecha onics Depa men use he Na ional
Ins umen s de ices in a ious ields in he educa ion: e.g. he
ELVIS echnology, in he educa ion o digi al ci cui s o he
NI DAQ and o he measu emen , da a collec ion o
mecha onic p ojec s.
V. BUILDING MECHATRONICS SIMULATION SYSTEM
In Building Enginee ing he e is a cons an need o
measu ing he ollowing physical quan i ies, indoo and
ou doo : empe a u e, mois u e, p essu e, CO2 le el. In he
Building Mecha onics Resea ch Cen e a building
mecha onic simula ion sys em is de eloped and wi h he help
o i we es Building au oma ion me hods and In o ma ion
so wa es:
 Communica ion p o ocol ( ield and b oadband)
 Regula ion pe o mance and quali y
 S abili y examina ion: eme gency, sec ional ailu e ea ,
educ ion o he ex en o damage
Building Mecha onics simula ion sys em has wo sbRio
FPGA ca d con olle s: Mas e and Sla e. (physical
appea ance is shown on Figu e 5.)
The Mas e is o measu emen con ol and makes building
enginee simula ion. The Sla e is esponsible o he
egula ion, he b oadband communica ion and he ea men
ailu e. This way a wide- ange Building Mecha onic
simula ion is c ea ed.
The Mas e sbRio (Tes con olle ) is he communica ion
mas e . I p oduces building simula ion by senso s, ac ua o s,
building enginee modelling and uploads he es exe cise o
he da a base.
The Sla e sbRio (DUT: De ice Unde Tes ) p o ides he
communica ion es s, he es o he egula ion unc ions and
exe cises as well as he es o he main enance and ala m
unc ions.
Fig. 5. The Mas e and Sla e sbRio ca ds
Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s
The LabVIEW so wa e can communica e di ec ly wi h
SQL-compa ible da a base h ough Modbus connec ion
(shown on Figu e 6.). In o he wo ds i can ealise di ec da a
collec ing and analysis.
Fig. 6. Modbus TCP es
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Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s wi h NI LabView
Fig. 7. Implemen ed Building Se ices
Sou ce: Compiled by au ho s wi h NI LabView
The ad an ages o choosing NI FPGA based echnology:
sbRio is a eal- ime, pa allel p ocessing embedded de ice.
The LabVIEW so wa e p o ides he de elopmen o he
p og ams on PC wi h TCP/IP. The Sla e sbRio so wa e is
embedded in o building enginee ing/ building managemen
sys em wi hou modi ica ion.
VI. CONCLUSION
The e ec i e co-ope a ion o indus y and academy is
equi ed o he mode n and quali ied ui ion. In he
labo a o ies indus ial echnologies and esul s a e needed o
be augh and open echnologies o esea ches: scien i ic
wo ks, hesis on he le el o MSc and PhD.
The hea pump sys em con olled by he NI sbRio 9606
ca d was ins alled in he In elligen Building. I is lexibly
econ igu able acco ding o he building se ices demands.
We buil up a Mas e -Sla e Simula ion Sys em om wo
FPGA con olled sbRio ca d which is able o simula e he
building, he building se ices, supe ision and
communica ion. One sbRio 9606 is buil in he Hea pump
sys em wi h sola collec o s. The es ed p og ams can be
ansplan ed wi hou any change in o he hea pump sys ems’
con ol. The sbRio simula ion sys em is up- o-da e and can be
used any imes. The e a e some basic building se ices
implemen ed in he sys em which p o es he eliable wo king
o he Simula ion Sys em.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Ou Depa men is commi ed o he de ices and
echnologies o he Na ional Ins umen s L d. We a e pleased
o be able o s a e ou esea ches and ui ion on a s abile
echnologic basemen .
The de elopmen is come o exis ence by he „
HURO/0802/155_AF/01 HUNGARIAN - ROMANIAN R&D
PLATFORM FOR INTELLIGENT BUILDING RESEARCH
PROJECTS” Hunga ian- Romanian c oss-bo de co-
ope a ion. This documen no equally shows he s a e poin o
he Eu opean Union.
The wo k is suppo ed by he TÁMOP-4.2.2.A-
11/1/KONV-2012-0041 p ojec . The p ojec is co- inanced by
he Eu opean Union and he Eu opean Social Fund.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] A. Genkinge , R. Do , T. A jei, “Combining hea pumps wi h sola
ene gy o domes ic ho wa e p oduc ion”, in Ene gy P ocedia 30 (
2012 ) 101 – 105, A ailable online a www.sciencedi ec .com, 2012
Published by Else ie L d. Selec ion and pee - e iew unde
esponsibili y o he PSE AG
[2] “Ai sou ce hea pumps”, DOE/GO-102001-1113, FS143, June 2001
[3] D. C. C oome, „In elligen Buildings: Design, Managemen And
Ope a ion” Thomas Tel o d Publishing, Thomas Tel o d L d., 2004.,
ISBN 0 7277 3266 8, a ailable on
h p://books.google.hu/books?id=5EYU9j sn sC&p in sec= on co e
&dq=in elligen +building+managemen &hl=hu&sa=X&ei=Y8CSUYu
MAYiC4ATSyoDwAg& ed=0CDAQ6AEwAA# =onepage&q=in ellig
en %20building%20managemen & = alse
[4] The o icial si e o NI sbRio 9606:
h p://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/ iew/p/lang/hu/nid/210003
[5] The o icial si e o Elec onic Enginee ing and Mecha onics
Depa men Facul y o Enginee ing Uni e si y o Deb ecen:
h p://www.eng.unideb.hu/use di / m 2/
[6] DIN EN 15232 Ene gy pe o mance o buildings - Impac o Building
Au oma ion, Con ols and Building Managemen
[7] Di ec i e 2002/91/EC o he Eu opean Pa liamen and o he Council
o 16 Decembe 2002 on he ene gy pe o mance o buildings
[8] 7/2006. TNM, Building Ene gy Ce i ica e in Hunga y
ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY
Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing
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