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DOI: 10.15240/ ul/001/2017-1-005
In oduc ion
The ae ospace sec o is one o he mos
impo an in global economy. The in oicing o
he i s 100 ae ospace companies wo ldwide
was in 2011 665,970 million dolla s, which
ep esen s 5% o he wo ld’s g oss domes ic
p oduc (PwC, 2012). In Spain, his sec o is
equally impo an , since acco ding o he da a
o he yea 2011 (DBK, 2012), i ep esen s
he i h indus y o he sec o in he Eu opean
Union, bo h due o he employmen le el (40,200
employees) and he annual in oicing (6,715
million eu os, which ep esen app oxima ely
6% o Eu ope’s o al in oicing). Ae ospace
sec o is clea ly expo s-o ien ed, since nea ly
75% o i s o al in oiced in he yea a ises om
expo ing.
By con as , he p og essi e complexi y
o he sys ems employed in his sec o , and
he g ea e impo ance o he p ojec s o be
unde aken ha e caused ha nowadays he e
is a lack o end-p oduc manu ac u e s ( ha is
ai planes, helicop e s, sa elli es, e c.). On he
con a y, he de elopmen o hese p oduc s
is he esul o he collabo a ion o a numbe
o sys ems and subsys ems manu ac u e s,
oge he wi h o he specialized companies, which
leads o conside able subcon ac ing ela ions,
as well as a p og essi e in e na ionaliza ion
o manu ac u ing and de elopmen ac i i ies
(TEDAE, 2010). This deg ee o complexi y,
subcon ac ing and in e na ionaliza ion, along
wi h he ac ha “secu i y” is a basic elemen
suppo ing he ac i i y o his sec o , implies
ha ae ospace p oduc s a e subjec o high
demands ega ding quali y and eliabili y issues;
hence he s anda ds o quali y in he sec o a e
some o he mos demanding in he indus ial
i eld (G ijalbo & P ida, 2005). S anda diza ion
is a mechanism ha a o s exchange and
in e na ional ade in oday’s global economy,
emo ing he obs acles ha a ise om each
coun y p ac ices (He as & Boi al, 2013) and
p o iding answe s o he in e na ional cha ac e
o he join p ojec s among companies loca ed
in di e en coun ies ha a e common in his
indus y.
The pu pose o Quali y Managemen
Sys ems (QMS) is he quali y con inuous
imp o emen no only in p oduc s/se ices, bu
also in all he p ocesses in he i ms, allowing
cus ome s sa is ac ion and encou aging
he e o s and esponsibili y o e e yone in
he o ganiza ion (Fonseca, 2013). Among
hese QMS we can ci e he quali y assu ance
s anda ds, being he ISO 9000 s anda d he
mos widesp ead. This s anda d is a se ies o
no ms ha s i e o s anda dize p ocesses,
unc ions, and oles bu do no necessa ily
p esc ibe goals o esul s (Gule e al., 2002;
B aun, 2005). The main pu pose o ISO 9001
is o gi e con i dence in he o ganiza ion’s abili y
in o de o p o ide consis en ly con o ming
p oduc s o he equi emen s o i s cus ome s
(Pawliczek & Piszczu , 2013). In iew o all he
o egoing, quali y assu ance s anda ds in he
ae ospace sec o a e ce ainly widesp ead,
bo h he ISO 9001 S anda ds, and he se ies
o EN 9100 S anda ds, ha akes in o accoun
speci i c aspec s o his indus y wi h espec o
ISO 9001, which is o mo e gene ic na u e.
The implemen a ion o hese s anda ds o
quali y assu ance is associa ed wi h a se ies
o empo a y and o ganiza ional mone a y
in es men s, bo h ini ial and main enance
in es men s, which is expec ed o maximize
i s e u n (Whi o d & Bi d, 1996). None heless,
hese in es men s a e no always o se wi h
posi i e esul s, which some imes may be
sca ce as indica ed by p e ious s udies abou
ISO 9001 (Quazi e al., 2002; Ma ínez-Cos a e
al., 2009; Boi al & Ama a, 2009). All his seems
o indica e ha i is no enough o ob ain he
ce i i ca ion associa ed o hese S anda ds,
DETERMINING FACTORS OF THE BENEFITS
DERIVED FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
EN 9100 STANDARDS
Ca los del Cas illo-Peces, Ca melo Me cado-Idoe a,
Camilo P ado-Román
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none heless he e a e ce ain ac o s ha
may condi ion hese posi i e esul s (Lee e
al., 2009; Psomas e al., 2010; Boi al, 2011).
Logically, he implemen a ion o EN 9100
supposes highe cos s han hose de i ed om
implemen ing ISO 9001 gene ic s anda ds,
since i includes a numbe o addi ional
equi emen s cha ac e is ic o he ae ospace
sec o . In heo y, o be adhe ed o said
s anda ds should be compensa ed by ea ning
highe p o i s, as compa ed o hose ha could
a ise om implemen ing ISO 9001.
P e ious s udies in he i eld o EN 9100
S anda ds a e no e y nume ous; some
o hem ocus on desc ibing he s anda ds’
gene al cha ac e is ics, as well as hei main
di e ences wi h espec o IS0 9001 (Bel an,
2002; Juny, 2005; Gu ie ez, 2008); o he s
desc ibe he le el o implemen a ion o he EN
9100 S anda ds, which in majo manu ac u e s
and supplie s o he sec o is widesp ead,
while i is mo e unequal in second and hi d
le el supplie s (G ijalbo & P ida, 2005); o he
s udies include models and guidelines o
adhe e o hese s anda ds (IAT, 2003). Finally,
o he s udies desc ibe how was EN 9100
implemen ed in some o he majo ae ospace
companies, as EADS, SENER, e c. (Mu ga,
2002; Vila , 2003; Muga a, 2005). Howe e ,
none o hem analyzes speci i cally he bene i s
de i ed om he implemen a ion o EN 9100,
no hei de e mining ac o s. Rega ding ISO
9001 S anda ds, which was i s p edecesso in
he sec o , i has indeed been subjec o mul iple
s udies, al hough none o hem makes speci i c
e e ence o he ae ospace sec o .
Based on he o egoing, his esea ch
aims o begin co e ing he i ual lack o
s udies abou he esul s a ising om he
implemen a ion o quali y assu ance s anda ds
in his sec o . In pa icula , he objec i e o
he esea ch in ol es analyzing whe he he
appea ance o he a ious posi i e e ec s ha
may a ise as a esul o implemen ing EN 9100
S anda ds is in l uenced by he ollowing ac o s:
a) size o he company; b) implemen a ion o EN
9100 senio i y; c) p e ailing ype o mo i a ion
(ex e nal and/o in e nal) o adhe e o such
s anda ds.
Following his in oduc ion, which p o ides
a con ex o he basic elemen s o he s udy,
he e is a desc ip ion o he heo e ical
amewo k o he esea ch unde he second
heading, including basic aspec s o quali y
managemen in he ae ospace indus y and
a e iew o he li e a u e a ailable ha is
ele an o hese s anda ds. In he hi d sec ion
he e is a desc ip ion o he samples and
me hodology used, and de ailed in o ma ion o
esul s and conclusions is p o ided in sec ions
ou and i e espec i ely.
1. Concep ual F amewo k
Cu en ly, he high le els o compe i i eness and
globaliza ion applicable o almos all sec o s,
ha e led o an ex ensi e de elopmen o he
quali y managemen concep as a s a egic
app oach o add ess quali y in a company, which
is based on cus ome -o ien ed, con inuous
imp o emen , ocus on people and global
ision p inciples o he o ganiza ion (Camison
e al, 2009). Ul ima ely, quali y managemen
sys ems enable companies o implemen
managemen ools in o de o es ablish policies
and esponsibili ies, alloca e esou ces, and
iden i y key ac i i ies (C iado & Cal o, 2009).
1.1 Quali y Managemen in he
Ae ospace Sec o
As a o emen ioned, he ae ospace indus y has
always been a he o e on o he de elopmen
o quali y managemen sys ems, since hei
s anda ds a e signi i can ly highe han hose
ound in o he indus ial sec o s, wi h he
excep ion o he au omo i e sec o (Gu ie ez,
2008). The “Sel -assessmen scheme”
cons i u ed he i s s ep in he e olu ion o
quali y sys ems in he indus y. Subsequen ly,
companies in he sec o ha e used he “second
pa schemes”, which consis on audi ing
supplie s’ quali y sys ems based on each
cus ome ’s own c i e ia and me hods. This
sys em in ol es ele a ed cos s o he sec o ,
since he same company may be audi ed
egula ly by se e al en i ies, hus mul iplying
he cos s ha a e incu ed.
In o de o inc ease e i ciency, a endency
owa ds he de elopmen and adop ion
o sys ems based on “ hi d pa schemes”
ook place du ing he nine ies, among hem
s ands ou he ISO 9001 S anda ds ha
sp ead wi hin he sec o as he only quali y
managemen sys em ha should be aken in o
conside a ion. Ne e heless, hese s anda ds
did no en i ely apply o he speci i ci ies o
he ae ospace indus y, hence he majo i y o
he mos impo an companies in he sec o
con inued o p oduce hei own supplemen s
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o he s anda ds, wi h he consequen
p oli e a ion o he equi emen s es ablished
o he p o ide s, which again caused he
same p oblems esul ing om he second pa
schemes (G ijalbo & P ida, 2005). In Decembe
1998 he la ges p o ide s, manu ac u e s and
comme cial associa ions o Ame ica, Eu ope
and Asia join oge he o o m he In e na ional
Ae ospace Quali y G oup (IAQG), ha in 1999
p omo ed he EN 9100 S anda ds amily, wi h
he pu pose o s anda dizing he addi ional
equi emen s o he sec o a a mo e conc e e
le el han ISO 9001.
The EN 9100 S anda ds (AS 9100 in
Ame ica and SIAC 9100 in Asia), includes bo h
he equi emen s de i ed om he ISO 9001
and 83 speci i c addi ional equi emen s o he
ae ospace indus y, gi ing special impo ance
o he a eas ha we e conside ed could ha e
a highe impac on secu i y and eliabili y
o ae ospace p oduc s, such as: design,
pu chasing, p ocess con ol, inspec ion and
es ing, and con ol o non-compliances. These
addi ional equi emen s aim a he educ ion o
a iabili y in he p oduc ion o goods, o which
companies mus ha e con inuous imp o emen
sys ems ha enable a mo e solid in e ac ion
be ween p ocesses, and he e o e educe
he chances ha he p oduc is ou side p e-
es ablished limi s.
In Decembe 2012 he OASIS da abase
o IAQG, whe e he companies ha ha e
implemen ed hese s anda ds we e egis e ed,
hold 14,300 headqua e s o ce i i ed companies
a ound he wo ld, o which 448 we e loca ed
in Spain (OASIS da abase con ained ce i i ed
headqua e s, hence a company wi h se e al
o i ces will appea mo e han once, which
is common o la ge companies; he e o e,
he numbe o ce i i ca ions on he da abase
exceeds he o al numbe o companies in his
sec o bo h globally and in Spain).
The g oup o EN 9100 S anda ds o gene ic
con en , issued by he IAQG, is composed by
he ollowing (IAQG, 2009):
 EN 9100 – Model o quali y assu ance
in design, de elopmen , p oduc ion,
ins alla ion and se icing.
 EN 9110 – Ae ospace Se ies, Model
o quali y assu ance applicable o
main enance o ganiza ions.
 EN 9120 – Ae ospace Se ies, Model o
quali y assu ance applicable o S ockis
Dis ibu o s.
1.2 Li e a u e Re iew
As speci i ed in he in oduc ion, he e a e ew
pape s ela ed o EN 9100 S anda ds, and
none o hem e e s o he e ec i e esul s
de i ed om hei implemen a ion. Rega ding
ISO 9001 S anda ds amily, i has been subjec
o mul iple s udies, al hough none o hem
makes speci i c e e ence o he ae ospace
sec o . Gi en he objec i e o his esea ch,
a e ision has been made o he main s udies
ha speci i cally o among o he issues, e e o
he posi i e e ec s gene a ed by he adhe ence
o ISO 9001, and especially wha may be he
in l uence o he ac o s ha shall be conside ed
in ega ds o EN 9100, i.e., he size o he
company, he senio i y in he implemen a ion o
hese s anda ds, as well as he p e ailing ype
o mo i a ion [ex e nal an o in e nal] o adhe e
o such s anda ds.
a) Posi i e E ec s Gene a ed when
Implan ing ISO 9001 S anda ds
In gene al, i may be no ed ha mos s udies
conclude ha ISO 9001 en ails bene i cial
e ec s o he companies; no wi hs anding he
o egoing, and e en hough hey a e a mino i y,
he e a e o he s udies ha do no e l ec hese
posi i e e ec s, o a leas no in all cases o
ci cums ances (Quazi e al., 2002; Ma ínez-
Cos a e al., 2009; Boi al & Ama a, 2009).
In ega ds o he posi i e esul s gene a ed
by he adhe ence o he s anda ds, i should
be ema ked ha di e se s udies (Sampaio
e al., 2009; Ta i e al., 2012), classi i ed hem
in o posi i e e ec s conce ning “in e nal
aspec s”, and “ex e nal aspec s”. Based on he
conclusions o hese s udies, hese posi i e
e ec s could be i emized as p esen ed on
able 1.
Compa ing he ela i e impo ance o
he wo ypes o bene i s associa ed wi h he
implemen a ion o ISO 9001, he e a e some
p e ious esea ches ha p io i ize he posi i e
e ec s on in e nal aspec s (Bhuiyan & Alan,
2005; Ma ínez-Cos a e al., 2008; Lo e al.,
2009), whe eas o he s udies emphasizes hose
ela ed o ex e nal aspec s (Benne & Veloso,
2008; Dick e al., 2008). No wi hs anding he
o egoing, mos o he p e ious s udies e eal
posi i e esul s bo h o in e nal and ex e nal
na u e (Rod íguez-Escoba e al., 2006; Calisi ,
2007; Lo & Chang, 2007).
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72 2017, XX, 1
Ekonomika a managemen
b) In l uence o he Companies’ Size Fac o
on he Posi i e E ec s De i ed om
Implemen ing ISO 9001 S anda ds
P e ious esea ches a e no conclusi e
conce ning he in l uence o companies’ size
ac o on he bene i cial e ec s o implemen ing
ISO 9001. In his ega d, he e a e s udies which
indica e ha in smalle companies i is mo e
di i cul o ob ain posi i e esul s, since hey
usually lack ce ain in e nal esou ces which
a e impo an o ha e a success ul adhe ence
(a leas wi h espec o in e nal bene i s), and
u he mo e, he ini ial cos s and in es men s
necessa y o ob ain he ce i i ca ion a e
p opo ionally mo e signi i can in compa ison
wi h la ge companies (Gus a sson e al., 2001;
Rod íguez-Escoba e al., 2006).
Ne e heless, i is also possible o i nd
nume ous s udies which indica e ha he bene i s
a e simila ega dless o he size, since he
condi ions o ob ain hese bene i s a e mo e ela ed
o he in ensi y o he implemen a ion o ISO 9001
han o he size o he companies, al hough in
smalle companies i could be slowe (Te zio ski
e al., 2003; B iscoe e al., 2005; Psomas e al.,
2010), and in some cases he bene i s pe cei ed
in hese companies may be e en highe aking
in o conside a ion ha he s a ing poin in he i eld
o quali y managemen ends o be lowe , hence
he oppo uni ies o imp o emen a e g ea e
(Go zamani & Tsio as, 2001).
c) In l uence o he Time Fac o (S anda ds
Adhe ence Senio i y) on he Posi i e
E ec s De i ed om Implemen ing ISO
9001 S anda ds
Once again, p e ious esea ches a e no
conclusi e conce ning he in l uence o his
ac o on he bene i cial e ec s o implemen ing
ISO 9001. In his ega d, he e a e s udies
which e eal ha ime is a posi i e ac o o he
appea ance o he a o emen ioned bene i cial
e ec s caused by he adhe ence o ISO 9001
(Climen , 2005; Ma inez-Cos a e al., 2008;
Lo e al., 2009). Acco ding o hese s udies,
he p inciples unde lying ISO 9001 as a quali y
managemen sys em need ce ain ime o be
in e nalized wi hin he companies, and ob ain
he bene i s sough in all o hei in ensi y.
Ne e heless, he e a e o he s udies
which s a e ha ime has no in l uence whe he
companies ob ain posi i e e ec s om ISO 9001,
o a leas no in all cases (Te zio ski e al., 2003;
Go zamani e al., 2006; Lee e al., 2009), o ha i
may e en cause a educ ion on he ini ial bene i s
de i ed om he implemen a ion o said s anda ds
(Casadesus & Ka ape o ic, 2005; Sampaio e
al., 2009; Ka ape o ic e al., 2010). Acco ding
o hese s udies, when he in ended pu pose is
almos exclusi ely o ob ain he ce i i ca ion in
o de o he company no o be excluded om
he ma ke , his bene i appea s immedia ely a e
implemen ing hese s anda ds.
d) In l uence o he P e ailing Mo i a ion
(Ex e nal o In e nal) o he Adhe ence
o ISO 9001 S anda ds Fac o , on he
Posi i e E ec s De i ed om Thei
Implemen a ion
Acco ding o p e ious esea ches, he
mo i a ions o he adhe ence may e e o
“ex e nal aspec s”, such as image imp o emen
INTERNAL ASPECTS
Rela ed o o ganiza ional
p ocesses
P oduc ion managemen con ol, de i ni ion o esponsibili ies and ules,
p ocess documen a ion, e c.
Rela ed o ope a ional
execu ion
E i cien use o esou ces, inspec ion and logis ic cos dec ease, decline
in noncon o mi y, e c.
Rela ed o HR Job sa is ac ion, wo k eam dynamics, employee sugges ion sys ems, e c.
EXTERNAL ASPECTS
Rela ed o i nance
and ma ke ing Sales olume, ma ke sha e, sales-pe -employee a io, e c.
Rela ed o cus ome
ela ions Clien e en ion, numbe o complain s, public image, e c.
Sou ce: own
Tab. 1: Typology o posi i e e ec s esul ing om adhe ence o ISO 9001
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Business Adminis a ion and Managemen
and ma ke posi ion o he company, aspec s
ega ding comme cial, i nancial and cus ome s’
ela ions na u e, as well as “in e nal aspec s”
such as he imp o emen o o ganiza ional,
execu ion o ope a ions, and human esou ces
managemen p ocesses o he company (Boi al
& Ama a, 2009; Sampaio e al., 2009).
Fu he mo e, i has been no ed ha he e is
a majo i y o esea ches whe e he mo i a ions
ela ed o “ex e nal aspec s” a e he ones ha
p e ail (Bhuiyan & Alam, 2005; Rod íguez-
Escoba e al., 2006; Ma ínez-Cos a e al.,
2008), compa ed o hose which conside ed ha
bo h ypes o aspec s a e balanced, o e en hose
whe e “in e nal aspec s” p e ail (Chang & Lo,
2005; Magd, 2008; Fo opoulos & Psomas, 2010).
Likewise, a en ion mus be d awn o he
ac ha , in ega ds wi h p e ious s udies ela ed
o ISO 9001 on he possible ela ion be ween
he p e ailing ype o mo i a ion o ob aining
he adhe ence [ex e nal and/o in e nal], and
he esul s, he s udies s a ing ha a highe
le el o ex e nal mo i a ion en ails a g ea e
le el o bene i s a e an excep ion (Bhuiyan &
Alam, 2005), gi en ha , in gene al he e is an
ag eemen in which i he adhe ence o he
s anda ds is due o an a emp o imp o e in e nal
aspec s o he company, ins ead o an ex e nal
p essu e (cus ome s/ egula o s), o o ob ain
imp o emen on me ely ex e nal aspec s (image
imp o emen / ollowing a end), he global
bene i s obse ed a e he implemen a ion
o ISO 9001 a e g ea e (Rod íguez-Escoba
e al., 2006; Sampaio e al., 2009; P ajogo,
2011). Acco ding o hese esea ches, i he
only mo i a ions o he adhe ence o ISO 9001
a e hose o ex e nal cha ac e , he e is a high
isk ha he company shall no acqui e new
capaci ies no ob ain no sus ainable compe i i e
ad an age, excep o no seeing i sel excluded
om he ma ke hanks o he ce i i ca ion;
ne e heless, when mo i a ions o in e nal ype
exis , hese a e he ones ha can gene a e
a g ea e le el o implemen a ion o he p inciples
o hese s anda ds, which should ende
ope a i e and o ganiza ional imp o emen s,
which de i e in an imp o emen o quali y and
cus ome s sa is ac ion, which shall la e esul in
i nancial imp o emen s.
2. Resea ch Me hodology
2.1 Sample
The esea ch was add essed o he Spanish
ae ospace sec o , hence based on he c i e ia
lis ed he ea e ; he popula ion subjec o he
in es iga ion was de i ned by 317 companies.
This sec o is composed o a g ea di e si y
o companies, bo h ega ding size and business
specializa ion, so in o de o elabo a e he census
o he companies o be s udied, he Na ional
Classi i ca ion o Economic Ac i i ies (CNAE
acco ding o i s Spanish ac onym), could no be
employed since i lacks one o mo e ca ego ies
ha compile all he companies belonging o he
sec o . The e o e, i has been necessa y o eso
o a compila ion o speci i c da abases comp ising
he companies o he sec o . The i s census o
be conside ed was TEDAE which a he end o
2010 was he co ne s one associa ion in Spain,
since i s 52 membe s, which include he mos
impo an companies o he ae ospace sec o ,
combined 91% o he u no e s. The second
da abase ha was aken in o conside a ion was
OASIS ( his da abase egis e s all he ae ospace
companies adhe ed o EN 9100). Finally, o he
da abases ela ed o his indus y ha e been
conside ed o complemen a y pu pose. A e
elimina ing duplica ions, he i nal popula ion
subjec o he analysis is e l ec ed on able 2,
de ailed he eina e :
CENSUS FIRMS IN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY AUXILIARY
BUSINESSES
TOTAL
AVIATION
SUBSECTOR
AEROSPACE
SUBSECTOR
TEDAE 34 6 12 52
OASIS 96 7 57 160
OTHER 83 5 17 105
TOTAL 211 18 85 317
Sou ce: own
Tab. 2: Su ey popula ion b eakdown acco ding o census
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74 2017, XX, 1
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2.2 Ques ionnai e
In o de o de elop he ques ionnai e, he
i s s ep was o elabo a e a d a analyzing
p e ious esea ches conce ning he ISO 9001
(Go zamani & Tsio as, 2001; Me cado e al.,
2005), classi ying he possible mo i a ions o
adhe ence o EN 9100, as well as he posi i e
e ec s pe cei ed om he implemen a ion, based
on he di e en “in e nal” and “ex e nal” aspec s
e l ec ed on able 1. This d a was subjec
o a p e es elabo a ed by expe s in he i eld
belonging o wo o he pa icipa ing companies
(Ai bus Spain and Ibe ia LAE Main enance); an
in-dep h in e iew was held wi h bo h expe s.
Once hei opinions we e inco po a ed, he
i nal e sion o he ques ionnai e was se o h.
Subsequen ly, he ques ionnai e was sen by
pos al mail and e-mail o he di ec o s o quali y
o all he 317 selec ed companies.
A e i nishing he p ocess o ques ionnai e
ecep ion, i was de e mined ha he e we e
126 alid companies, which ep esen s 39.7%
o he o al popula ion (317 companies).
Fu he mo e, i should be no ed ha he EN
9100 S anda ds a e widely implemen ed on
he o ganiza ions ha ha e comple ed he
ques ionnai e (72.2% o he companies, ha is
91 o hem), wi h an adhe ence senio i y highe
han i e yea s in 88% o he cases, and an
ele a ed le el o in ensi y in he implemen a ion,
since 75% o he companies ha e adhe ed all
hei p ocesses o he s anda ds. Bo h aspec s,
senio i y and in ensi y o he implemen a ion,
ein o ce he alidi y o he answe s ob ained
in he ques ionnai es ecei ed. A e wa ds, he
da a shee o he s udy con ained in able 3 was
elabo a ed based on all his in o ma ion:
2.3 Va iables and Model P oposed
To be able o analyze he in l uence o he
di e en ac o s conside ed in his esea ch on
he appea ance o he di e en posi i e e ec s
de i ed om he implemen a ion o EN 9100
S anda ds, a mul iple linea eg ession model
has been designed; he a iables conside ed
a e he ollowing ones:
Dependen Va iables Y: di e en bene i s
de i e om he EN 9100 S anda ds, acco ding
o he ypology con ained on he able 1
o his s udy. Acco ding o he answe s
ob ained in he ques ionnai e p o ided o he
pa icipa ing companies, hese a iables can
ake he ollowing alues: 1 – e y low, 2 – low,
3 – medium, 4 – high and 5 – e y high:
Va iable Y1: in e nal posi i e e ec s ela ed
o o ganiza ional p ocesses (O gEN).
Va iable Y2: in e nal posi i e e ec s con-
ce ning execu ion o ope a ions (ExecEN).
Va iable Y3: in e nal posi i e e ec s ela ed
o human esou ces (H EN).
Va iable Y4: ex e nal posi i e e ec s ela-
ed o i nancial and comme cial aspec s
(FinComEN).
Va iable Y5: posi i e ex e nal e ec s ela ed
o aspec s o cus ome s’ ela ionship (ClienEN).
Uni e se Spanish i ms in he ae ospace indus y
Sampling echnique Random: he su ey was sen o all en i ies in he uni e se
Me hodology Mail and online su ey
Indi iduals ecei ing he su ey Di ec o o Quali y Assu ance o equi alen
Popula ion 317
Sample size 126
Con i dence le el 95% [z = 1.96; p = q = 0.5]
Sampling e o 6.8%
Time pe iod F om Oc obe 1, 2011 o Janua y 31, 2012
Sou ce: own
Tab. 3: Da a shee
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75
1, XX, 2017
Business Adminis a ion and Managemen
Independen a iables X:
Va iable x1: Size o he company (Size).
Acco ding o he answe s ob ained in he
ques ionnai e p o ided o he pa icipa ing
companies, his a iable can ake he ollowing
alues: 1 – small, 2 – medium, 3 – la ge (based
on he c i e ia o he EU ecommenda ion
2003/361/EC).
Va iable x2: Senio i y in he adhe ence o
EN 9100 S anda ds (Sen). Acco ding o he
answe s ob ained in he ques ionnai e p o ided
o he pa icipa ing companies, hese a iables
can ake he ollowing alues: 1 – Senio i y no
exceeding 3 yea s, 2 – Senio i y exceeding 3
yea s.
Va iable x3: P e ailing ype o mo i a ion
(ex e nal and/o in e nal) o he adhe ence
(TypeMo ). Acco ding o he answe s
ob ained in he ques ionnai e p o ided o he
pa icipa ing companies, hese a iables can
ake he ollowing alues: 1 – i he “ex e nal”
mo i a ions a e p edominan , 2 – i “in e nal”
mo i a ions a e p edominan .
Based on hese a iables he ollowing
model o mul iple linea eg essions has been
designed, including he a iable ui ha is he
s a is ic e o :
Yi = β0 + β1 * x1,i + β2 * x2,i +
+ β3 * x3,i + ui
(1)
E ec I = β0 + β1 * Size1,i + β2 *
* Sen2,i + β3 * TypeMo 3,i + ui
(2)
Dependen
a iable
Independen
a iable
Non s anda dized
coe i cien s
S anda dized
coe i cien s Sig.
Be a S anda d
e o Be a
O gEN
[Cons an ] 0.428 0.546 0.784 0.436
Size 0.051 0.112 0.450 0.454 0.651
Senio i y 1.132 0.259 0.437 4.379 0.000
Type o mo i a ion 0.320 0.172 0.185 2.855 0.067
ExecEN
[Cons an ] 0.070 0.614 0.114 0.910
Size 0.216 0.126 0.168 1.713 0.091
Senio i y 0.800 0.291 0.274 2.751 0.007
Type o mo i a ion 0.693 0.194 0.356 3.575 0.001
H EN
[Cons an ] 0.781 0.565 1.381 0.171
Size -0.195 0.116 -0.163 -1.679 0.097
Senio i y 0.606 0.268 0.222 2.265 0.026
Type o mo i a ion 0.744 0.178 0.410 4.171 0.000
FinComEN
[Cons an ] 2.314 0.493 4.696 0.000
Size -0.049 0.101 -0.053 -0.488 0.627
Senio i y 0.525 0.233 0.247 2.252 0.027
Type o mo i a ion 0.218 0.155 0.154 1.406 0.164
ClienEN
[Cons an ] 1.875 0.458 4.093 0.000
Size -0.041 0.094 -0.046 -0.440 0.661
Senio i y 0.664 0.217 0.323 3.063 0.003
Type o mo i a ion 0.277 0.144 0.202 1.920 0.059
Sou ce: own
Tab. 4: Resul s ob ained o he model: independen a iable coe i cien s
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76 2017, XX, 1
Ekonomika a managemen
3. Resul s
Table 4 p esen s he esul s ob ained om
he model, in pa icula he coe i cien s o he
independen a iables (size, senio i y, and
ype o mo i a ion) ega ding he dependen
a iables (each o he posi i e e ec s). In his
able we include he coe i cien s s anda dized
and he non-s anda dized o ou model
a iables; hese coe i cien s indica e he weigh
o he independen a iables ega ding each
dependen a iable, ha is, each posi i e e ec
om he S anda d. We include oo, he alue
( ) and he signi i ca ion (sig.); hese indica e
i each independen a iable is signi i can o
no ega ding each dependen a iable. The
a iables a e signi i can i he alue ( ) is
bigge han wo ( > 2) and a signi i ca ion (sig.)
smalle o equal han 0.05.
The i nal model wi h he signi i can a iables
would be as ollows:
O gEN = 0.428 + 0.437 (Sen) +
+ 0.185 (TypeMo ) + u (3)
ExecEN = 0.070 + 0.274 (Sen) +
+ 0.356 (TypeMo ) + u (4)
H EN = 0.781 + 0.222 (Sen) +
+ 0.410 (TypeMo ) + u (5)
FinComEN = 2.314 + 0.247 (Sen) + u (6)
ClienEN = 1.875 + 0.323 (Sen) +
+0.202 (TypeMo ) + u (7)
The e o e, able 4 e eals he ollowing
esul s ega ding he independen a iables o
he model:
The “size o he company” is a a iable wi h
a < 2 o he aised models, hence i is accep ed
ha his a iable is non-signi i can o each one
o he in e nal posi i e e ec s (o ganiza ional,
execu ion o ope a ions, and human esou ces
managemen p ocesses), as well as o he
ex e nal ones ( i nancial-comme cial, and
cus ome s managemen p ocesses), hus i
has been excluded om he eg ession model
elabo a ed.
The “senio i y o he adhe ence o EN
9100” is a a iable wi h a > 2 o he aised
models, hence i is accep ed ha his a iable is
signi i can o each one o he in e nal posi i e
e ec s (o ganiza ional, execu ion o ope a ions,
and human esou ces managemen p ocesses),
as well as o he ex e nal ones ( i nancial-
comme cial, and cus ome s managemen
p ocesses). When ob aining a posi i e sign,
an inc ease o his independen a iable shall
p oduce an inc ease (in a e o g ow h) on he
dependen a iable, being he es cons an .
Tha is, an inc ease in 1 uni in he “senio i y
o he adhe ence o EN 9100” shall p oduce
an inc ease o 43.70% on he in e nal e ec
“O gEN”, o 27.40% on he in e nal e ec
“ExecEN”, o 22.22% on he in e nal e ec
“H EN”, o 24.70% on he ex e nal e ec
“FinComEN” and o 32.30% on he ex e nal
e ec “ClienEN”. The highe he alue o he
a iable, he g ea e he in e nal and ex e nal
e ec s shall be.
The “p e ailing ype o mo i a ion (ex e nal
and/o in e nal) o he adhe ence” is a a iable
wi h a > 2, hence i is accep ed ha his
a iable is signi i can o each one o he in e nal
posi i e e ec s (o ganiza ional, execu ion o
ope a ions, and human esou ces managemen
p ocesses), as well as o he ex e nal ones
ega ding cus ome s managemen . When
ob aining a posi i e sign, an inc ease o his
independen a iable shall p oduce an inc ease
(in a e o g ow h) on he dependen a iable,
being he es cons an . Tha is, an inc ease in
1 uni in he “p e ailing ype o mo i a ion” shall
p oduce an inc ease o 18.50% on he in e nal
e ec “O gEN”, o 35.60% on he in e nal e ec
“ExecEN”, o 41.00% on he in e nal e ec
“H EN”, and o 20.20% on ex e nal e ec
“ClienEN” (we accep ype o mo i a ion on
ex e nal e ec “ClienEN” because i has a e y
nea 2). The highe he alue o he a iable,
which means in e nal mo i a ions p e ail, he
g ea e he in e nal and ex e nal e ec s shall be.
On he con a y, he “p e ailing ype
o mo i a ion [ex e nal and/o in e nal] o
he adhe ence” is a a iable wi h one < 2
( = 1.406), only o i nancial-comme cial ex e nal
e ec s, hence i is conside ed ha his a iable
is non-signi i can o he dependen a iable
“FinComEN”. Table 5 p esen s an o e iew o
he signi i cance o a iables in he model.
Finally, able 6 con ains he co esponding
coe i cien o de e mina ion (R2); his is
a numbe ha indica es how he da a i in ou
model. I p o ides a measu e o he pe cen age
o a iabili y o each dependen a iable
(in e nal and ex e nal “posi i e e ec ”), ha
is explained by each signi i can independen
a iable. Based on he esul s desc ibed in
his able, he coe i cien o de e mina ion R2
has a alue ha l uc ua es be ween 20% and
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77
1, XX, 2017
Business Adminis a ion and Managemen
Dependen a iable Independen a iable Sig.
O gEN
Size x
Senio i y √
Type o mo i a ion √
ExecEN
Size x
Senio i y √
Type o mo i a ion √
H EN
Size x
Senio i y √
Type o mo i a ion √
FinComEN
Size x
Senio i y √
Type o mo i a ion x
ClienEN
Size x
Senio i y √
Type o mo i a ion √
Sou ce: own
Dependen
a iable
Independen
a iable
S anda dized
coe i cien s R²
Co ela ion be ween
dependen and inde-
penden a iable
Explained
Va iance
O gEN
Size 0.450
25.30%
0.029 no signi i can
Senio i y 0.437 0.467 20.41%
Type o Mo i a ion 0.185 0.258 4.77%
ExecEN
Size 0.168
25.80%
0.155 no signi i can
Senio i y 0.274 0.328 8.99%
Type o Mo i a ion 0.356 0.399 14.20%
H EN
Size -0.163
27.80%
-0.174 no signi i can
Senio i y 0.222 0.296 6.57%
Type o Mo i a ion 0.410 0.449 18.41%
FinComEN
Size -0.052
20.10%
-0.062 no signi i can
Senio i y 0.247 0.274 20.10%
Type o Mo i a ion 0.154 0.196 no signi i can
ClienEN
Size -0.046
27.00%
-0.058 no signi i can
Senio i y 0.323 0.358 11.56%
Type o Mo i a ion 0.202 0.256 5.17%
Sou ce: own
Tab. 5: Signi i cance o e iew
Tab. 6: Coe i cien o de e mina ion
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